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Zhang Z, Guo L, Yang F, Peng S, Wang D, Lai X, Su B, Xie H. Adiponectin Attenuates Splenectomy-Induced Cognitive Deficits by Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress via TLR4/MyD88/NF-κb Signaling Pathway in Aged Rats. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:1799-1809. [PMID: 37141577 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) is a common adverse event after surgical trauma in elderly patients. The pathogenesis of PND is still unclear. Adiponectin (APN) is a plasma protein secreted by adipose tissue. We have reported that a decreased APN expression is associated with PND patients. APN may be a promising therapeutic agent for PND. However, the neuroprotective mechanism of APN in PND is still unclear. In this study, 18 month old male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to six groups: the sham, sham + APN (intragastric (i.g.) administration of 10 μg/kg/day for 20 days before splenectomy), PND (splenectomy), PND + APN, PND + TAK-242 (intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of 3 mg/kg TAK-242), and PND + APN + lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (i.p. administration of 2 mg/kg LPS). We first found that APN gastric infusion significantly improved learning and cognitive function in the Morris water maze (MWM) test after surgical trauma. Further experiments indicated that APN could inhibit the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κb) p65 pathway to decrease the degree of oxidative damage (malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)), microglia-mediated neuroinflammation (ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA1), caspase-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6)), and apoptosis (p53, Bcl2, Bax, and caspase 3) in hippocampus. By using LPS-specific agonist and TAK-242-specific inhibitor, the involvement of TLR4 engagement was confirmed. APN intragastric administration exerts a neuroprotective effect against cognitive deficits induced by peripheral trauma, and the possible mechanisms include the inhibition of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, mediated by the suppression of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κb signaling pathway. We propose that oral APN may be a promising candidate for PND treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), 523000 Dongguan, China
| | - Lideng Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), 523000 Dongguan, China
- Guangdong Medical University, No. 2 East Wenming Road, Xiashan District, 524000 Zhanjiang, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), 523000 Dongguan, China
- Southern Medical University, No. 1023, South Sha Tai Road, Jingxi Street, Baiyun District, 510000 Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanpan Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), 523000 Dongguan, China
- Guangdong Medical University, No. 2 East Wenming Road, Xiashan District, 524000 Zhanjiang, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), 523000 Dongguan, China
- Guangdong Medical University, No. 2 East Wenming Road, Xiashan District, 524000 Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiawei Lai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), 523000 Dongguan, China
- Southern Medical University, No. 1023, South Sha Tai Road, Jingxi Street, Baiyun District, 510000 Guangzhou, China
| | - Baiqin Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), 523000 Dongguan, China
| | - Haihui Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), 523000 Dongguan, China
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Li Z, Wang Y, Xu Q, Ma J, Li X, Yan J, Tian Y, Wen Y, Chen T. Nigella sativa and health outcomes: An overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1107750. [PMID: 37057067 PMCID: PMC10086143 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1107750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundNigella sativa (N. sativa) consumption has been associated with various health outcomes; however, the results are not completely consistent.ObjectivesThis overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses aimed to evaluate the reporting and methodological quality, and to grade the available evidence of associations between N. sativa and health outcomes.MethodsPubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched from their inception to September 30, 2022. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2009 statement, Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) 2 checklist, and Grades of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) systems were used to assess the reporting, methodological, and evidence quality for each meta-analysis, respectively. The results were synthesized in a narrative form.ResultsThis overview included 20 eligible meta-analyses published in peer-reviewed journals between 2013 and 2021. The overall methodological quality was relatively poor, with only one moderate quality, four low quality, and 15 critically low quality studies. For reporting quality, items two, five, eight, nine, 15, and 24 need to improve. Among the 110 outcome indicators of the quality of evidence, five were graded as moderate, 17 as low, and 88 as very low. Risk of bias, inconsistency, and imprecision were the main downgrading factors.ConclusionThis overview suggests that N. sativa is beneficial for various clinical outcomes. However, there are certain limitations to reporting and methodological quality. The clinical efficacy of N. sativa requires confirmation in high-quality, large-sample, randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxin Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxing Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yibing Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yandong Wen
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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H U, S M, A A, Pk M, R K, R D, D S, Aa M, Panda PK. Effects of Active Compounds of Nigella sativa in COVID-19: A Narrative Review. RECENT ADVANCES IN ANTI-INFECTIVE DRUG DISCOVERY 2023; 19:RAAIDD-EPUB-129715. [PMID: 36815641 DOI: 10.2174/2772434418666230222140805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 infection that led to the COVID-19 pandemic has changed human health and the economy globally. SARS CoV-2 is a type of Coronaviruses that has caused pneumonia and its complications with many deaths over the past two years. The use of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine, accepted as generally safe for patients with autoimmune diseases or malaria, was attempted in many trials for COVID-19 treatment. Nigella sativa (NS) (black caraway, also known as black cumin, nigella or Kalonji) is an annual flowering plant of the Ranunculaceae family, chemically composed of the main constituent natural Thymoquinone (TQ) (30%- 48%) in forms of thymohydroquinone, dithymoquinone (Nigellone) is a native to wider regions, including parts of eastern Europe, west Asia, North of Africa and east of Myanmar. In this review, we explored the Randomized Controlled Trial, Controlled Trial, and Systematic review studies that support Nigella sativa Thymoquinone-targeted SARS-CoV-2 targeting. Therefore, A literature search was performed for publications published on the electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CNKI, and Google Scholar) for Nigella sativa, black seeds, Kalonji, coronavirus, SARS-CoV -2 and COVID-19. This review aimed to find relevant evidence of Nigella sativa preferences as a natural feasible remedy with no side effects in COVID-19. Studies reported the benefits of NS as beneficial, another appropriate remedy for patients with COVID-19. However, all studies have shown limitations, such as limiting clinical symptom outcomes due to regulations imposed by isolation policies and lack of adequate funding. Therefore, the evidence suggests that the chemical contents of NS are a safe and possible treatment for COVID-19 patients that helps to improve COVID-19 infection in patients with no side effects. CONCLUSION Nigella sativa seeds were one of the well-documented herbal products. Three reviewed randomized controlled trials reported that NS reduced covid-19 risk and could improve immune function. It was also helpful in upper respiratory infections such as asthma and bronchitis, with one RCT showing that honey and NS significantly improved symptoms, viral clearance, and mortality of COVID-19 patients. This review concludes that NS has a positive barrier effect on people at risk of acquiring a COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usmani H
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, Rishikesh, India
| | - Malik S
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, AIIMS, Rishikesh, India
| | - Arya A
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, AIIMS, Rishikesh, India
| | - Mahto Pk
- Department of Yoga, Patanjali University, India
| | - Kant R
- Department of Medicine, AIIMS, Rishikesh, India
| | - Dua R
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, AIIMS, Rishikesh, India
| | | | - Mirza Aa
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, Rishikesh, India
| | - P K Panda
- Department of Medicine, AIIMS, Rishikesh,India
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Li Q, Xu J, Chen Y, Xie W, Mei G, Li X, Chen Y, Yang G. Chemical constituents from the seeds of Nigella glandulifera and their hypoglycemic activities. RSC Adv 2022; 12:19445-19451. [PMID: 35865566 PMCID: PMC9254149 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02628g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The seeds of Nigella glandulifera Freyn et Sint. are traditional Uygur medicine used for the treatment of diabetes. However, the active anti-diabetic constituents in the seeds of N. glandulifera remain unclear. In the present study, a new delabellane-type diterpene, 8-denicotinoylnigellamine A1 (1), and a new acyclic sesquiterpene, 2,6,10-trimethyl-6,7,12-trihydroxy-dodec-2-ene (3), together with eight known compounds including alkaloids (2 and 7), triterpenoid saponins (4–6), and phenolic compounds (8–10), were isolated from the seeds of N. glandulifera. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses and quantum chemical calculations. We evaluated the potential protective effects of the isolated compounds on an insulin resistant HepG2 (IR-HepG2) cell model. The results showed that compounds 2, 4–8, and 10 could promote the consumption of glucose in IR-HepG2 cells. Those compounds might be responsible for the anti-diabetic effects of the seeds of N. glandulifera. The seed of Nigella glandulifera Freyn et Sint. is a traditional Uygur medicine used for the treatment of diabetes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University Wuhan 430074 P. R. China +86 27 6784 1196 +86 27 6784 1196
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University Wuhan 430074 P. R. China +86 27 6784 1196 +86 27 6784 1196
| | - Yiyu Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University Wuhan 430074 P. R. China +86 27 6784 1196 +86 27 6784 1196
| | - Wenli Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University Wuhan 430074 P. R. China +86 27 6784 1196 +86 27 6784 1196
| | - Gui Mei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University Wuhan 430074 P. R. China +86 27 6784 1196 +86 27 6784 1196
| | - Xueni Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University Wuhan 430074 P. R. China +86 27 6784 1196 +86 27 6784 1196
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, South-Central Minzu University Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Guangzhong Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University Wuhan 430074 P. R. China +86 27 6784 1196 +86 27 6784 1196
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Abd-Elkareem M, Soliman M, Abd El-Rahman MAM, Abou Khalil NS. Effect of Nigella sativa L. Seed on the Kidney of Monosodium Glutamate Challenged Rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:789988. [PMID: 35814230 PMCID: PMC9257379 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.789988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) consumption is responsible for a wide spectrum of health hazards including nephrotoxicity. The search for phytochemical strategies having broad safety profile to counter MSG toxicity is worthwhile. Nigella sativa L. seed (NSS) is very promising in this regard owing to its antioxidant and cytoprotective nature. Therefore, we attempted to investigate the potential protective effect of NSS on MSG-induced renal toxicity in rats. To accomplish this objective, fifteen adult Wistar albino rats were randomly and equally divided into three groups for 21 days: the control group received no treatment, MSG group supplemented with MSG at a dose of 30 g/kg feed, and MSG + NSS group supplemented with MSG at the same previous dose in conjugation with NSS at a dose of 30 g/kg feed. MSG and its combination with NSS failed to cause any significant difference in the kidney function parameters in comparison with the control. A significant elevation in lipid peroxides (LPO) level, glutathione-S-transferase activity and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and a significant reduction in superoxide dismutase activity were found in MSG group. LPO level and TAC in MSG intoxicated rats significantly normalized by NSS ingestion. NO level showed absence of significant difference among all experimental groups. MSG elicited histopathological lesions such as decreased glycoprotein content and fibrosis however, NSS succeeded in enhancing all these features. MSG group showed positive glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase 2 immuno-expression whereas, MSG + NSS group showed weak immunostaining. A significant increase in the number of apoptotic cells was observed in MSG group compared to the control. On the other hand, MSG + NSS group exhibited a significant decrease in the number of apoptotic cells. NSS mitigated MSG-induced renal impairments by ameliorating oxidative stress and exerting anti-apoptotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abd-Elkareem
- Department of Cell and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Mahmoud Abd-Elkareem, ,
| | - Mahmoud Soliman
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Nasser S. Abou Khalil
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Wei J, Wang B, Chen Y, Wang Q, Ahmed AF, Zhang Y, Kang W. The Immunomodulatory Effects of Active Ingredients From Nigella sativa in RAW264.7 Cells Through NF-κB/MAPK Signaling Pathways. Front Nutr 2022; 9:899797. [PMID: 35711536 PMCID: PMC9194833 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.899797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nigella sativa is a valuable herb for its functional compositions in both food and medication. N. sativa seeds can enhance immunity, anti-inflammation and analgesia and hypoglycemia, but most of the related researches are related to volatile oil and extracts, and the activity and mechanism of compounds is not clear. In this study, Ethyl-α-D-galactopyranoside (EG), Methyl-α-D-glucoside (MG), 3-O-[β-D-xylopyranose-(1 → 3)-α-L-rhamnose-(1 → 2)-α-L-arabinose]-28-O-[α-L-rhamnose-(1 → 4)-β-D-glucopyranose-L-(1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranose]-hederagenin (HXRARG) and 3-O-[β-D-xylopyranose-(1 → 3)-α-L-rhamnose-(1 → 2)-α-L-arabinose]-hederagenin (HXRA) were isolated and identified from N. sativa seeds. In addition, four compounds could activate NF-κB pathway by promoting the expression of phosphorylation of P65 and IκBα, promoting the phosphorylation of JNK, Erk and P38 to activate MAPK signaling pathway, enhancing the proliferation and phagocytic activity of RAW264.7 cells, and promoting the release of NO, TNF-α and IL-6 on RAW264.7 cell in vitro. The results showed that N. sativa can be used as dietary supplement to enhance immune.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Wei
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Henan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Baoguang Wang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yixiao Chen
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qiuyi Wang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Adel F. Ahmed
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Henan Province, Kaifeng, China
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Researches Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yan Zhang
- Hebei Food Safety Key Laboratory, Hebei Food Inspection and Research Institute, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenyi Kang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Henan University, Shenzhen, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Henan Province, Kaifeng, China
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Wang G, Yin Z, Wang S, Yuan Y, Chen Y, Kang W. Diversified Polyketides With Anti-inflammatory Activities From Mangrove Endophytic Fungus Daldinia eschscholtzii KBJYZ-1. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:900227. [PMID: 35620105 PMCID: PMC9127611 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.900227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In total, five new polyketide derivatives: eschscholin B (2), dalditone A and B (3 and 4), (1R, 4R)-5-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1,4-dio (5), and daldilene A (6), together with 10 known as analogs (1, 7-15) were isolated from the mangrove endophytic fungus Daldinia eschscholtzii KBJYZ-1. Their structures and absolute configurations were established by extensive analysis of NMR and HRESIMS spectra data combined with ECD calculations and the reported literature. Compounds 2 and 6 showed significant cell-based anti-inflammatory activities with IC50 values of 19.3 and 12.9 μM, respectively. In addition, western blot results suggested that compound 2 effectively inhibits the expression of iNOS and COX-2 in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Further molecular biology work revealed the potential mechanism of 2 exerts anti-inflammatory function by inactivating the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guisheng Wang
- National R&D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhenhua Yin
- National R&D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Senye Wang
- National R&D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yilin Yuan
- National R&D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yan Chen
- National R&D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Food and Medicine Resource Function, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wenyi Kang
- National R&D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Food and Medicine Resource Function, Kaifeng, China.,Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Functional Components in Health Food, Kaifeng, China
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Rahmani A, Niknafs B, Naseri M, Nouri M, Tarighat-Esfanjani A. Effect of Nigella Sativa Oil on Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory, and Glycemic Control Indices in Diabetic Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Double-Blind, Controlled Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:2753294. [PMID: 35463059 PMCID: PMC9033343 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2753294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aims Diabetes is a leading cause of renal failure. High levels of oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with renal diabetes lead to various disorders and mortality. This study was performed to determine the effect of Nigella sativa (NS) supplementation on superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and insulin (INS) in patients with diabetes mellitus undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Methods In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, a total of 46 diabetic HD patients were randomly divided into NS (n = 23) and placebo (n = 23) groups. NS group received 2 g/day of NS oil, and the placebo group received paraffin oil for 12 weeks. Serum levels of SOD, MDA, TAC, hs-CRP, HbA1C, FBS, and INS were measured before and after the study. Results Compared to baseline values, SOD, TAC, and INS levels increased, whereas MDA, hs-CRP, HbA1c, and FBS significantly decreased. After adjusting for covariates using the ANCOVA test, changes in the concentrations of SOD (p = .040), MDA (p = .025), TAC (p=<.001), hs-CRP (p = .017), HbA1c (p = .014), and FBS (p = .027) were statistically significant compared to the placebo group. Intergroup changes in INS were not significant. Additionally, there were no notable side effects during the research. Conclusions This study found that NS supplementation significantly enhanced the levels of SOD, MDA, TAC, hs-CRP, HbA1c, and FBS in diabetic HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Rahmani
- Student Research Committee, Student Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR, Iran
| | - Bahram Niknafs
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Imam Reza Medical Research and Training Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR, Iran
| | - Mohsen Naseri
- Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Nouri
- Student Research Committee, Student Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR, Iran
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR, Iran
| | - Ali Tarighat-Esfanjani
- Nutrition Research Center, Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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