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Shafiq S, Siddiq Abduh M, Iqbal F, Kousar K, Anjum S, Ahmad T. A novel approach to insulin delivery via oral route: Milk fat globule membrane derived liposomes as a delivery vehicle. Saudi J Biol Sci 2024; 31:103945. [PMID: 38327663 PMCID: PMC10847371 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The current research endeavor seeks to unlock the potential of orally administered insulin formulations by utilizing liposomes derived from the fat globule membrane (MFGM) of camel milk as carriers for insulin. This pursuit emerges as a result of the recognized limitations of subcutaneous insulin therapy. The liposomes were meticulously created using the thin film hydration method, followed by comprehensive chemical and morphological analyses. Additionally, comprehensive safety assessments were carried out in vitro and in vivo, revealing significant findings. The Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum confirmed the presence of insulin within the liposomes, demonstrating changes in their size and charge. The in vitro cytotoxicity analysis, performed on HEK-293 cell lines through the MTT assay, yielded results indicating a cell viability of over 90%. In the in vivo investigation, diabetic rats induced by STZ were utilized to evaluate the effects of the liposomes, revealing substantial reductions in blood glucose levels, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. Hepatic histopathological assessments showed signs of recovery across all treatment groups, with no observable microscopic changes in renal tissue. This investigation highlights the significant hypoglycemic effects observed in insulin-loaded liposomes derived from MFGM obtained from camel milk when administered orally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheer Shafiq
- Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maisa Siddiq Abduh
- Immune Responses in Different Diseases Research Group, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fareeha Iqbal
- Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kousain Kousar
- Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Anjum
- Department of Biology, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahir Ahmad
- Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
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Harizi N, Zouari A, Rokbeni N, Ben Zid M, M’hiri N, Salem A, Ayadi MA, Boudhrioua N. Amino acids and protein profiles of defatted camel and cow milk fractions: correlation with their in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1295878. [PMID: 38274210 PMCID: PMC10809393 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1295878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This work presents proteins, amino acids profiles and antioxidant and properties of camel and cow milk fractions produced using an integrated coagulation-centrifugation process. Methods Antioxidant activity using DPPH radical scavenging assay; and antidiabetic activity antidiabetic activity using in vitro α-amylase inhibitory activity were assessed on defatted milk fractions and their extracts using water/ethanol or HCl/ethanol solvents. Protein profiles and amino acids composition were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results and discussions The predominant protein found in cow and camel milk was β-casein in sodium caseinate, β-lactoglobulin was found in the whey of cow milk, whereas α-lactalbumin was detected in the whey fractions of camel. The primary amino acids (comprising 1% to 5.2%) in skim milk and sweet whey milk were leucine, proline, and lysine. However, acid whey, casein fractions (sodium caseinate, and β-casein) from both camel and cow milk exhibited elevated concentrations of histidine, leucine, lysine and proline (1.12 - 6.62%). Camel milk and its different protein fractions showed an interesting in vitro α-amylase inhibitory activity varying, according to different milk fractions and extraction methods, from 19.10 ± 1.40 to 97.40 ± 1.50%. Whatever the used method, the whey fractions from camel milk, both acid and sweet, displayed ed the highest antioxidant activity. Principal components analysis showed a positive correlation between the total phenols content, antioxidant (DPPH assay) and antidiabetic (α amylase inhibition test) activities within the milk fractions. Sweet and acid cow milk fractions seem to be the most promising for deeper exploration of in vivo biological activities and are promising milk derivatives for specific nutritional diet and/or functional food formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouha Harizi
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Food and Biomolecules, LR17ES03, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Zouari
- Laboratory of Analyses, Valorization and Food Safety, Food Engineering School of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Biological Engineering Department, University Institute of Technology of Saint-Brieuc (IUT Saint-Brieuc), University of Rennes, Saint-Brieuc, France
| | - Nesrine Rokbeni
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Food and Biomolecules, LR17ES03, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Malek Ben Zid
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Food and Biomolecules, LR17ES03, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Nouha M’hiri
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Food and Biomolecules, LR17ES03, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Ali Salem
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, Engineering National School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- High Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine, University of Gabes, Medinine, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ali Ayadi
- Laboratory of Analyses, Valorization and Food Safety, Food Engineering School of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Agro-food Products, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Nourhene Boudhrioua
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Food and Biomolecules, LR17ES03, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Ariana, Tunisia
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Tao W, Aniwar L, ZuliPicar A, Tulafu H, Zhang R, Liu B, Wu W, Huang J. Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Tarim and Junggar Bactrian Camels Based on Simplified GBS Genome Sequencing. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2349. [PMID: 37508126 PMCID: PMC10376019 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In view of the severe reduction in Bactrian camel germplasm resources, scientific evaluation, protection, and utilization is particularly important. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the genetic diversity and genetic structure of this species, and identify the genes that have played important roles in its evolution. In this study, 21,971 SNPs were identified in 118 domestic Bactrian camels from the Tarim (n = 60) and Junggar (n = 58) populations using simplified GBS genome sequencing. The results show that Tarim and Junggar Bactrian camels have high nucleotide diversity. A phylogenetic tree constructed using structural analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and the adjacency method (NJ) showed that Tarim and Junggar Bactrian camels were clustered together. The selection signals revealed that the Tarim and Junggar Bactrian camels shared 108 genes under positive selection, including WNT1, WNT10B, CD14, SEC61A2, DPAGT1, FOXO6, etc. These selected genes were widely involved in the immune system, embryonic development, lipid metabolism, and other processes. From a genomic analysis perspective, the genetic relationship between TLM and ZGE camels is close, with an average Fst of 0.048 and a relatively low average differentiation coefficient between the two populations. In addition, shared selected genes in the long-term depression pathway were significantly enriched in Tarim and Junggar. These findings will offer support and assistance for the exploration of genetic resource preservation, economically significant traits, and the mechanisms underlying biological characteristics, molecular breeding, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikun Tao
- Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Lazat Aniwar
- Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Azat ZuliPicar
- Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Hanikzi Tulafu
- Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Rongyin Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standards, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Husbandry Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Juncheng Huang
- Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China
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Yakubu A, Okpeku M, Shoyombo AJ, Onasanya GO, Dahloum L, Çelik S, Oladepo A. Exploiting morphobiometric and genomic variability of African indigenous camel populations-A review. Front Genet 2022; 13:1021685. [PMID: 36579332 PMCID: PMC9791103 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1021685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Africa are adapted to arid and the semi-arid environmental conditions, and are valuable for meat, milk and fiber production. On account of the growing demand for camels in this continent, there is a need for knowledge on their phenotypic and genetic diversity. This is fundamental to sustainable herd management and utilization including the design of appropriate breeding and conservation strategies. We reviewed studies on the phenotypic and genetic characterization, breeding objectives, systems of production, productive and reproductive performances, and pathways for the sustainable rearing and use of camels in Africa. The morphological and genetic diversity, productive and reproductive abilities of African camels suggest the existence of genetic variations that can be utilized for breeds/ecotypes' genetic improvement and conservation. Possible areas of intervention include the establishment of open nucleus and community-based breeding schemes and utilization of modern reproductive technologies for the genetic improvement of milk and meat yields, sustainable management of rangelands, capacity building of the pastoralists and agro-pastoralists, institutional supports, formation of centralized conservation centres and efficient and effective marketing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmojeed Yakubu
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Centre for Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development, Shabu-Lafia Campus, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria,*Correspondence: Abdulmojeed Yakubu, ; Moses Okpeku,
| | - Moses Okpeku
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa,*Correspondence: Abdulmojeed Yakubu, ; Moses Okpeku,
| | | | - Gbolabo O. Onasanya
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University Dutse, Dutse, Nigeria,Deparment of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Lahouari Dahloum
- Départment of Agronomy, Faculty of Natural Science and Life, Abdelhamid Ibn Badis, University, Mostaganem, Algeria
| | - Senol Çelik
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey
| | - Abolade Oladepo
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Khan FB, Ansari MA, Uddin S, Palakott AR, Anwar I, Almatroudi A, Alomary MN, Alrumaihi F, Aba Alkhayl FF, Alghamdi S, Muhammad K, Huang CY, Daddam JR, Khan H, Maqsood S, Ayoub MA. Prospective Role of Bioactive Molecules and Exosomes in the Therapeutic Potential of Camel Milk against Human Diseases: An Updated Perspective. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12070990. [PMID: 35888080 PMCID: PMC9318805 DOI: 10.3390/life12070990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Camel milk (CM) constitutes an important dietary source in the hot and arid regions of the world. CM is a colloidal mixture of nutritional components (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, and minerals) and non-nutritional components (hormones, growth factors, cytokines, immunoglobulins, and exosomes). Although the majority of previous research has been focused on the nutritional components of CM; there has been immense interest in the non-nutritional components in the recent past. Reckoning with these, in this review, we have provided a glimpse of the recent trends in CM research endeavors and attempted to provide our perspective on the therapeutic efficacy of the nutritional and non-nutritional components of CM. Interestingly, with concerted efforts from the research fraternities, convincing evidence for the better understanding of the claimed traditional health benefits of CM can be foreseen with great enthusiasm and is indeed eagerly anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farheen Badrealam Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, The United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (A.R.P.); (I.A.); (K.M.)
| | - Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institutes for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar;
- Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
- Laboratory of Animal Center, Qatar University, Doha 2731, Qatar
| | - Abdul Rasheed Palakott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, The United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (A.R.P.); (I.A.); (K.M.)
| | - Irfa Anwar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, The United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (A.R.P.); (I.A.); (K.M.)
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim 51431, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (F.A.); (F.F.A.A.)
| | - Mohammad N. Alomary
- National Centre for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim 51431, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (F.A.); (F.F.A.A.)
| | - Faris F. Aba Alkhayl
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim 51431, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (F.A.); (F.F.A.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Buraydah Colleges, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alghamdi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khalid Muhammad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, The United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (A.R.P.); (I.A.); (K.M.)
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Centre of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Jayasimha Rayalu Daddam
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel;
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Sajid Maqsood
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates;
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Akli Ayoub
- Department of Biology, College of Science, The United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (A.R.P.); (I.A.); (K.M.)
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
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