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Pan K, Xu J, Xu Y, Wang C, Yu J. The association between endocrine disrupting chemicals and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pharmacol Res 2024; 205:107251. [PMID: 38862070 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. Epidemiological studies have reported that exposure of the population to environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is associated with NAFLD. However, EDCs are of different types, and there are inconsistencies in the relevant evidence and descriptions, which have not been systematically summarized so far. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association between population exposure to EDCs and NAFLD. Three databases, including PubMed, Web of science, and Embase were searched, and 27 articles were included in this study. Methodological quality, heterogeneity, and publication bias of the included studies were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale, I2 statistics, Begg's test, and Egger's test. The estimated effect sizes of the included studies were pooled and evaluated using the random-effects model (I2 > 50 %) and the fixed-effects model ( I2 < 50 %). The pooled-estimate effect sizes showed that population exposure to Phthalates (PAEs) (OR = 1.18, 95 % CI:1.03-1.34), cadmium (Cd) (OR = 1.37, 95 % CI:1.09-1.72), and bisphenol A (OR = 1.43, 95 % CI:1.24-1.65) were positively correlated with the risk of NAFLD. Exposure to mercury (OR =1.46, 95 % CI:1.17-1.84) and Cd increased the risk of "elevated alanine aminotransferase". On the contrary, no significant association was identified between perfluoroalkyl substances (OR =0.99, 95 % CI:0.93-1.06) and NAFLD. However, female exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (OR =1.82, 95 % CI:1.01-3.26) led to a higher risk of NAFLD than male exposure. In conclusion, this study revealed that EDCs were risk factors for NAFLD. Nonetheless, the sensitivity analysis results of some of the meta-analyses were not stable and demonstrated high heterogeneity. The evidence for these associations is limited, and more large-scale population-based studies are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Pan
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, PR China
| | - Jie Xu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, PR China
| | - Yuzhu Xu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, PR China
| | - Chengxing Wang
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, PR China
| | - Jie Yu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, PR China.
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Li X, Li Z, Ye J, Ye W. Association Between Urinary Phthalate Metabolites and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2024; 19:1421-1431. [PMID: 38948906 PMCID: PMC11212814 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s459435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the association of urinary phthalate metabolites with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), airflow obstruction, lung function and respiratory symptoms. Methods Our study included a total of 2023 individuals aged ≥ 40 years old in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to explore the correlation of eleven urinary phthalate metabolites (MCNP, MCOP, MECPP, MnBP, MCPP, MEP, MEHHP, MEHP, MiBP, MEOHP, and MBzP) with COPD, airflow obstruction and respiratory symptoms. Linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between urinary phthalate metabolites and lung function. Results When compared to the first tertile, the third tertile of MEHHP was associated with the risk of COPD [OR: 2.779; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.129-6.840; P = 0.026]. Stratified analysis showed that MEHHP increased the risk of COPD by 7.080 times in male participants. Both MCPP and MBzP were positively correlated with the risk of airflow obstruction. The third tertile of MBzP increased the risk of cough by 1.545 (95% CI: 1.030-2.317; P = 0.035) times. Both FEV1 and FVC were negatively associated with MEHHP, MECPP, MnBP, MEP, MiBP and MEOHP. Conclusion Higher levels of MEHHP are associated with increased risk of COPD, and lower measures of FEV1 and FVC. MBzP is positively related to airflow obstruction and cough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefang Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Li
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Ye
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wu Ye
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Li J, Chen R, Liu P, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Xing Y, Xiao X, Huang Z. Association of Di(2-ethylhexyl) Terephthalate and Its Metabolites with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: An Epidemiology and Toxicology Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:8182-8193. [PMID: 38691136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
As an alternative plasticizer to conventional phthalates, di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHTP) has attracted considerable concerns, given its widespread detection in the environment and humans. However, the potential toxicity, especially liver toxicity, posed by DEHTP remains unclear. In this study, based on the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, two metabolites of DEHTP, i.e., mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) terephthalate (MEHHTP) and mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) terephthalate (MECPTP), were found to be present in the urine samples of nearly all representative U.S. adults. Moreover, a positive linear correlation was observed between the concentrations of the two metabolites and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the population. Results of weighted quantile sum and Bayesian kernel machine regression indicated that MEHHTP contributed a greater weight to the risk of NAFLD in comparison with 12 conventional phthalate metabolites. In vitro experiments with hepatocyte HepG2 revealed that MEHHTP exposure could increase lipogenic gene programs, thereby promoting a dose-dependent hepatic lipid accumulation. Activation of liver X receptor α may be an important regulator of MEHHTP-induced hepatic lipid disorders. These findings provide new insights into the liver lipid metabolism toxicity potential of DEHTP exposure in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyang Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
| | - Rongbin Chen
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, P.R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yudong Xing
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
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Park B, Kim B, Kim CH, Oh HJ, Park B. Association between endocrine-disrupting chemical mixtures and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with metabolic syndrome as a mediator among adults: A population-based study in Korea. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 276:116310. [PMID: 38614002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may play a role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, studies on the combined effects of EDC mixtures on NAFLD development are limited. Here, we explored the association between exposure to EDC mixtures and NAFLD and investigated the potential mediating role of metabolic syndrome (MetS). We included participants from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey Cycle 4 (2018-2020) and quantified the urinary concentrations of various EDCs-eight phthalate metabolites, three phenols, one antibacterial compound, four parabens, four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and one pyrethroid pesticide metabolite-as well as serum concentrations of five perfluorinated compounds (PFCs). NAFLD was defined as a hepatic steatosis index (HSI) ≥36 or a fatty liver index (FLI) ≥60. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression was employed to evaluate the associations between EDC mixtures and the risk of MetS or NAFLD. Causal mediation analysis was conducted to explore the potential mediating effect of MetS on the association between mixtures of EDCs and NAFLD risk. All estimates were adjusted for age, sex, educational level, physical activity, smoking status, involuntary smoking, and drinking habits. A total of 2942 adults were included in the analysis. Moderate-to-high positive correlations were identified between phthalate metabolites and PFCs. Higher WQS scores were associated with an elevated risk of MetS and NAFLD. The sex-stratified WQS regression model showed that the interactions between the WQS index and sex were significant for MetS and NAFLD. According to the causal mediation analysis, both the direct and indirect effects of EDC mixtures on NAFLD, with MetS as a mediator, were significant in females. Collectively, these findings highlight the need for interventions that could address both EDC mixture exposure and metabolic status to effectively reduce the risks associated with NAFLD and its related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohyun Park
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Byungmi Kim
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Chung Ho Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Jin Oh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Cancer Prevention and Detection, National Cancer Center, Goyang, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Bomi Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, the Republic of Korea.
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Xia J, Xu L, Yu Y, Wu M, Wang X, Wang Y, Li C, Sun J, Lv X, Zhao J, Zhang Y. Associations between weight-adjusted-waist index and telomere length: Results from NHANES: An observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37905. [PMID: 38669426 PMCID: PMC11049720 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the connection between obesity and telomere length. A recently devised metric for determining obesity, the weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI), offers a distinct advantage in predicting fat and lean mass by depicting weight-independent abdominal adiposity. This article presents the results of the inaugural study on the relationship between WWI and telomere length in adult populations. The cross-sectional investigation analyzed data from 3479 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted from 1999 to 2000. To inspect linear and nonlinear correlations, we adopted weighted multiple logistic regression analysis and smooth curve fit, respectively. In addition, threshold effects and subgroup analyses were accomplished. In the fully adapted model, a significant adverse association of WWI with telomere length was detected [β = -0.02, 95% CI: (-0.03, -0.00), P value = 0.01]. The adverse correlation remained consistent across all subcategories. We also discovered an inverted U-shaped curve linking WWI and telomere length, with a conspicuous inflection point of 10.07 cm/√kg. For the first time, our research demonstrated strong links between WWI and telomere length. The inflection point suggests that controlling WWI within an optimum range might be essential for aging and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Xia
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yihua Yu
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yangyi Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaoxi Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiemin Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Lv
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Sun J, Yang S, Zhang Y, Xiang W, Jiang X. Relationship between phthalates exposures and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in United States adults. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301097. [PMID: 38640138 PMCID: PMC11029636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
As a new definition for the evidence of hepatic steatosis and metabolic dysfunctions, the relationship between phthalates (PAEs) and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) remains virtually unexplored. This study included 3,137 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey spanning 2007-2018. The diagnosis of MAFLD depended on the US Fatty Liver Index (US FLI) and evidence of metabolic dysregulation. Eleven metabolites of PAEs were included in the study. Poisson regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS), and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression were used to assess the associations between phthalate metabolites and MAFLD. After adjusting for potential confounders, Poisson regression analysis showed that mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate (MECPP), mono-n-butyl phthalate, mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate, mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) and mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate were generally significant positively associated with MAFLD (P<0.05). Furthermore, the WQS index constructed for the eleven phthalates was significantly related to MAFLD (OR:1.43; 95%CI: 1.20, 1.70), MEHHP (33.30%), MEP (20.84%), MECPP (15.43%), and mono-isobutyl phthalate (11.78%) contributing the most. This study suggests that exposure to phthalates, individually or in combination, may be associated with an increased risk of MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The School of Public Health of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Siqi Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The School of Public Health of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Qingdao Maternal & Child Health and Family Planning Service Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenzhi Xiang
- Huangdao District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiubo Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The School of Public Health of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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7
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Lee EJ, Hong YP, Yang YJ. Short-term exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate may disrupt hepatic lipid metabolism through modulating the oxidative stress in male adolescent rats. Environ Anal Health Toxicol 2024; 39:e2024007-0. [PMID: 38631399 PMCID: PMC11079405 DOI: 10.5620/eaht.2024007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is commonly used to increase the flexibility of plastics. In our previous study, DEHP may increase hepatic lipid accumulation through modulating of acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) expression. Nevertheless, it is hard to understand the association between DEHP and DGAT1 in the liver because only one dosage of DEHP was used. Thus, this study performed to investigate the role of DGAT1 on hepatic lipid metabolism after various dosages of DEHP exposure. Four-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 5/group) were administered corn oil (vehicle) or DEHP (0.75, 7.5, 15, or 150 mg/kg/day) once daily for seven days. DEHP 150 mg/kg/day treated group increased body weight gain and relative liver weight compared to the control (P = 0.044 and P = 0.049, respectively). In histological observation, elevation of hepatic lipid accumulation was observed in all DEHP-treated groups, except DEHP 150 mg/kg/day, compared to that in the control (all P < 0.001). Portal inflammatory infiltration and acidophilic bodies were observed in the liver at DEHP 7.5 mg/kg/day and above treated groups. In addition, malondiadehyde levels, a marker of lipid peroxidation, in the liver were increased in DEHP 7.5, 15 and 150 mg/kg/day compared to the control (P = 0.017, P = 0.001, and P = 0.002, respectively). The expression of Dgat1 in the liver was significantly increased in DEHP 7.5, 15 and 150 mg/kg/day compared to the control group (P = 0.019, P = 0.002, and P < 0.001, respectively); however, there were no significant changes in the protein levels. Therefore, excessive oxidative stress caused by DEHP may induce liver damage such as inflammation rather than hepatic lipid accumulation by regulating DGAT1 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Jin Lee
- Institute for Catholic Integrative Medicine, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Pyo Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jung Yang
- Department of Convergence Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary’s Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Mosca A, Manco M, Braghini MR, Cianfarani S, Maggiore G, Alisi A, Vania A. Environment, Endocrine Disruptors, and Fatty Liver Disease Associated with Metabolic Dysfunction (MASLD). Metabolites 2024; 14:71. [PMID: 38276306 PMCID: PMC10819942 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Ecological theories suggest that environmental factors significantly influence obesity risk and related syndemic morbidities, including metabolically abnormal obesity associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (MASLD). These factors encompass anthropogenic influences and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), synergistically interacting to induce metabolic discrepancies, notably in early life, and disrupt metabolic processes in adulthood. This review focuses on endocrine disruptors affecting a child's MASLD risk, independent of their role as obesogens and thus regardless of their impact on adipogenesis. The liver plays a pivotal role in metabolic and detoxification processes, where various lipophilic endocrine-disrupting molecules accumulate in fatty liver parenchyma, exacerbating inflammation and functioning as new anthropogenics that perpetuate chronic low-grade inflammation, especially insulin resistance, crucial in the pathogenesis of MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Mosca
- Hepatology and Liver Transplant Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Melania Manco
- Preventive and Predictive Medicine Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Rita Braghini
- Research Unit of Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (M.R.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Stefano Cianfarani
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, University Hospital, Solnavägen 1, Solna, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giuseppe Maggiore
- Hepatology and Liver Transplant Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Anna Alisi
- Research Unit of Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (M.R.B.); (A.A.)
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Su HY, Lai CS, Lee KH, Chiang YW, Chen CC, Hsu PC. Prenatal exposure to low-dose di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) induces potentially hepatic lipid accumulation and fibrotic changes in rat offspring. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 269:115776. [PMID: 38056127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticizer that is widely used to enhance the flexibility and durability of various products. As an endocrine disruptor, DEHP can interfere with normal hormonal functions, posing substantial health risks to organisms. Given the critical role of the liver in DEHP metabolism, we investigated potential liver damage in offspring induced by prenatal exposure to low doses of DEHP in Sprague Dawley rats. Pregnant rats were divided into three groups and administered 20 or 200 μg/kg/day of DEHP or corn oil vehicle control via oral gavage from gestation days 0-20. Male rat offspring were euthanized on postnatal day 84, and blood and liver specimens were collected for analysis. We observed fibrotic changes in the livers of the exposed groups, accompanied by the proliferation and activation of hepatic stellate cells and upregulated expression of TGF-B and collagen 1A1. Additionally, an inflammatory response, characterized by increased macrophage infiltration and elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, was evident. Third, hepatic and serum triglyceride and serum cholesterol were notably increased, along with upregulated expression of lipid metabolism-related proteins, such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1, particularly in the low-dose group. These results suggest that prenatal exposure to DEHP can disrupt lipid metabolism, resulting in hepatic lipid accumulation in the offspring. This exposure may also induce an inflammatory response that contributes to the development of liver fibrosis. Thus, even at relatively low doses, such exposure can precipitate latent liver damage in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yuan Su
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Shu Lai
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsin Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Chiang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan; Department of Physical Therapy, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chi Hsu
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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Robles-Matos N, Radaelli E, Simmons RA, Bartolomei MS. Preconception and developmental DEHP exposure alter liver metabolism in a sex-dependent manner in adult mouse offspring. Toxicology 2023; 499:153640. [PMID: 37806616 PMCID: PMC10842112 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during critical periods of development is associated with an increased risk of metabolic diseases, including hepatic steatosis and obesity. Di-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate (DEHP) is an EDC strongly associated with these metabolic abnormalities. DEHP developmental windows of susceptibility are unknown yet have important public health implications. The purpose of this study was to identify these windows of susceptibility and determine whether developmental DEHP exposure alters hepatic metabolism later in life. Dams were exposed to control or feed containing human exposure relevant doses of DEHP (50 μg/kg BW/d) and high dose DEHP (10 mg/kg BW/d) from preconception until weaning or only exposed to DEHP during preconception. Post-weaning, all offspring were fed a control diet throughout adulthood. Using the Metabolon Untargeted Metabolomics platform, we identified 148 significant metabolites in female adult livers that were altered by preconception-gestation-lactation DEHP exposure. We found a significant increase in the levels of acylcarnitines, diacylglycerols, sphingolipids, glutathione, purines, and pyrimidines in DEHP-exposed female livers compared to controls. These changes in fatty acid oxidation and oxidative stress-related metabolites were correlated with hepatic changes including microvesicular steatosis, hepatocyte swelling, inflammation. In contrast to females, we observed fewer metabolic alterations in male offspring, which were uniquely found in preconception-only low dose DEHP exposure group. Although we found that preconception-gestational-lactation exposure causes the most liver pathology, we surprisingly found preconception exposure linked to an abnormal liver metabolome. We also found that two doses exhibited non-monotonic DEHP-induced changes in the liver. Collectively, these findings suggest that metabolic changes in the adult liver of offspring exposed periconceptionally to DHEP depends on the timing of exposure, dose, and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Robles-Matos
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Enrico Radaelli
- Comparative Pathology Core, Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rebecca A Simmons
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Marisa S Bartolomei
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Shen Y, Wu Y, Fu M, Zhu K, Wang J. Association between weight-adjusted-waist index with hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis: a nationally representative cross-sectional study from NHANES 2017 to 2020. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1159055. [PMID: 37274346 PMCID: PMC10235694 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1159055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The negative effects of obesity on hepatic steatosis and fibrosis have received considerable attention in recent years. The weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI) reflects weight-independent centripetal obesity. Herein, we provide the first investigation of a link between WWI, hepatic steatosis, and liver fibrosis. Methods We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2020 to conduct a cross-sectional study. The linear relationship between WWI, controlled attenuation parameters, and liver stiffness measurements (LSM) was investigated using multivariate linear regression models. The nonlinear relationship was described using fitted smoothed curves and threshold effect analyses. Subgroup analyses were performed based on gender, age, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, drinking, and smoking. Results This population-based study included 7,594 people, 50.74% of whom were men and 49.26% of whom were women. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between WWI and hepatic steatosis [CAP, β=7.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) (4.42, 10.78), P<0.0001]. This positive association was stronger when excessive alcohol intake was present compared to when it was absent (P for interaction = 0.031), and when hypertension was present compared to when it was not (P for interaction = 0.014). The linear relationship between WWI and liver fibrosis was not statistically significant on multiple regression analysis [LSM, β=0.03, 95% CI (-0.26, 0.32), P=0.84]. However, a U-shaped association was seen between WWI and LSM, with a negative correlation when WWI< 10.92 and a positive correlation when WWI > 10.92. Conclusion We report a strong association between WWI and hepatic steatosis, and suggest that it may potentially be used as a simple anthropometric index to predict hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Shen
- Department of Pathology, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
- Department of Pathology, Changzhi Medical College the First Clinical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Yahui Wu
- Department of Pathology, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
- Department of Pathology, Changzhi Medical College the First Clinical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Minghan Fu
- Department of Pathology, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
- Department of Pathology, Changzhi Medical College the First Clinical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
- Department of Pathology, Changzhi Medical College the First Clinical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinsheng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
- Department of Pathology, Changzhi Medical College the First Clinical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Basic Research and Clinical Transformation, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
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Chen Y, Wang Y, Cui Z, Liu W, Liu B, Zeng Q, Zhao X, Dou J, Cao J. Endocrine disrupting chemicals: A promoter of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1154837. [PMID: 37033031 PMCID: PMC10075363 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1154837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent liver disorder. With the improvement in human living standards, the prevalence of NAFLD has been increasing in recent years. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a class of exogenous chemicals that simulate the effects of hormones in the body. There has been growing evidence regarding the potential effects of EDCs on liver health, especially in NAFLD. This paper aims to summarize the major EDCs that contribute to the growing burden of NAFLD and to raise public awareness regarding the hazards posed by EDCs with the objective of reducing the incidence of NAFLD.
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