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Luo Y, Zhang W, Qin G. Metabolomics in diabetic nephropathy: Unveiling novel biomarkers for diagnosis (Review). Mol Med Rep 2024; 30:156. [PMID: 38963028 PMCID: PMC11258608 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) also known as diabetic kidney disease, is a major microvascular complication of diabetes and a leading cause of end‑stage renal disease (ESRD), which affects the morbidity and mortality of patients with diabetes. Despite advancements in diabetes care, current diagnostic methods, such as the determination of albuminuria and the estimated glomerular filtration rate, are limited in sensitivity and specificity, often only identifying kidney damage after considerable morphological changes. The present review discusses the potential of metabolomics as an approach for the early detection and management of DN. Metabolomics is the study of metabolites, the small molecules produced by cellular processes, and may provide a more sensitive and specific diagnostic tool compared with traditional methods. For the purposes of this review, a systematic search was conducted on PubMed and Google Scholar for recent human studies published between 2011 and 2023 that used metabolomics in the diagnosis of DN. Metabolomics has demonstrated potential in identifying metabolic biomarkers specific to DN. The ability to detect a broad spectrum of metabolites with high sensitivity and specificity may allow for earlier diagnosis and better management of patients with DN, potentially reducing the progression to ESRD. Furthermore, metabolomics pathway analysis assesses the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying DN. On the whole, metabolomics is a potential tool in the diagnosis and management of DN. By providing a more in‑depth understanding of metabolic alterations associated with DN, metabolomics could significantly improve early detection, enable timely interventions and reduce the healthcare burdens associated with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Guijun Qin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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Aboismaiel MG, Amin MN, Eissa LA. Renoprotective effect of a novel combination of 6-gingerol and metformin in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats via targeting miRNA-146a, miRNA-223, TLR4/TRAF6/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and HIF-1α. Biol Res 2024; 57:47. [PMID: 39033184 PMCID: PMC11265012 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-024-00527-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MiRNA-146a and miRNA-223 are key epigenetic regulators of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/tumor necrosis factor-receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6)/NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway, which is involved in diabetic nephropathy (DN) pathogenesis. The currently available oral anti-diabetic treatments have been insufficient to halt DN development and progression. Therefore, this work aimed to assess the renoprotective effect of the natural compound 6-gingerol (GR) either alone or in combination with metformin (MET) in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced DN in rats. The proposed molecular mechanisms were also investigated. METHODS Oral gavage of 6-gingerol (100 mg/kg) and metformin (300 mg/kg) were administered to rats daily for eight weeks. MiRNA-146a, miRNA-223, TLR4, TRAF6, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) (p65), NLRP3, caspase-1, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) mRNA expressions were measured using real-time PCR. ELISA was used to measure TLR4, TRAF6, NLRP3, caspase-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β) renal tissue levels. Renal tissue histopathology and immunohistochemical examination of fibronectin and NF-κB (p65) were performed. RESULTS 6-Gingerol treatment significantly reduced kidney tissue damage and fibrosis. 6-Gingerol up-regulated miRNA-146a and miRNA-223 and reduced TLR4, TRAF6, NF-κB (p65), NLRP3, caspase-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, HIF-1α and fibronectin renal expressions. 6-Gingerol improved lipid profile and renal functions, attenuated renal hypertrophy, increased reduced glutathione, and decreased blood glucose and malondialdehyde levels. 6-Gingerol and metformin combination showed superior renoprotective effects than either alone. CONCLUSION 6-Gingerol demonstrated a key protective role in DN by induction of miRNA-146a and miRNA-223 expression and inhibition of TLR4/TRAF6/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling. 6-Gingerol, a safe, affordable, and abundant natural compound, holds promise for use as an adjuvant therapy with metformin in diabetic patients to attenuate renal damage and stop the progression of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merna G Aboismaiel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed N Amin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Laila A Eissa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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Li B, Zhao X, Ding Y, Zhang Y. A potentially underestimated predictor of coronary artery disease risk: The ApoB/ApoA1 ratio. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32084. [PMID: 38873661 PMCID: PMC11170140 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, and statin therapy is the cornerstone of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, clinical practice is unsatisfactory, and there is significant interest in the risk of residual cardiovascular events. Traditional study methods make it difficult to exclude the crosstalk of confounding factors, and we investigated the impact of the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio on CVD using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) and multivariate Mendelian randomization (MVMR) methods. Methods Two-sample MR and MVMR analyses were performed using pooled statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of ApoB/ApoA1 ratio (BAR), lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)), and triglyceride (TG) in Europeans to assess the causal relationship between BAR, Lp(a), and TG with coronary artery disease (CAD). Results The genetic prediction of BAR was significantly correlated with CAD (Inverse variance weighted (IVW) beta = 0.255; OR = 1.291; 95 % CI = 1.061-1.571; P = 0.011) in a two-sample MR analysis. MVMR studies showed that BAR (beta = 0.373; OR = 1.452; 95 % CI = 1.305-1.615; P = 7.217e-12), Lp (a) (beta = 0.238; OR = 1.269; 95 % CI = 1.216-1.323; P = 2.990e-28), and TG (beta = 0.155; OR = 1.168; 95 % CI = 1.074-1.270; P = 2.829e-04) were significantly associated with CAD. After further colinearity analyses of LASSO regressions, the results of multivariate analyses were similar for IVW, MR-Egger, MR-Lasso, and median methods. Conclusion BAR is causally related to coronary artery disease. BAR is an independent predictor of CAD risk, independent of routine lipid measurements and other risk factors. TG and Lp(a) may be causally related to CAD, subject to verification in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 37 Chaoyang Middle Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
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de Klerk JA, Bijkerk R, Beulens JWJ, van Zonneveld AJ, Muilwijk M, Harms PP, Blom MT, 't Hart LM, Slieker RC. Branched-chain amino acid levels are inversely associated with incident and prevalent chronic kidney disease in people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:1706-1713. [PMID: 38303102 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association of plasma metabolites with incident and prevalent chronic kidney disease (CKD) in people with type 2 diabetes and establish whether this association is causal. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Hoorn Diabetes Care System cohort is a large prospective cohort consisting of individuals with type 2 diabetes from the northwest part of the Netherlands. In this cohort we assessed the association of baseline plasma levels of 172 metabolites with incident (Ntotal = 462/Ncase = 81) and prevalent (Ntotal = 1247/Ncase = 120) CKD using logistic regression. Additionally, replication in the UK Biobank, body mass index (BMI) mediation and causality of the association with Mendelian randomization was performed. RESULTS Elevated levels of total and individual branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)-valine, leucine and isoleucine-were associated with an increased risk of incident CKD, but with reduced odds of prevalent CKD, where BMI was identified as an effect modifier. The observed inverse effects were replicated in the UK Biobank. Mendelian randomization analysis did not provide evidence for a causal relationship between BCAAs and prevalent CKD. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows the intricate relationship between plasma BCAA levels and CKD in individuals with type 2 diabetes. While an association exists, its manifestation varies based on disease status and BMI, with no definitive evidence supporting a causal link between BCAAs and prevalent CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette A de Klerk
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) and the Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Bijkerk
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) and the Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Joline W J Beulens
- Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anton Jan van Zonneveld
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) and the Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mirte Muilwijk
- Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter P Harms
- Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of General Practice Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke T Blom
- Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of General Practice Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leendert M 't Hart
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Roderick C Slieker
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Wang L, Ding Y, Liu J, Zheng G, Li S, Jiang W, Chen K, Luan X, Chen Y, Wang S, Zhang G. The analysis of serum lipids profile in Guillain-Barre syndrome. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1301577. [PMID: 38143756 PMCID: PMC10739405 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1301577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated inflammatory peripheral neuropathy. This study aimed to conduct a systematic analysis of the serum lipids profile in GBS. Methods We measured the serum lipids profile in 85 GBS patients and compared it with that of 85 healthy controls matched for age and sex. Additionally, we analyzed the correlation between lipids and the severity, subtypes, precursor infections, clinical outcomes, clinical symptoms, immunotherapy, and other laboratory markers of GBS. Results Compared to the healthy controls, GBS exhibited significantly elevated levels of Apolipoprotein B (APOB), Apolipoprotein C2 (APOC2), Apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3), Apolipoprotein E (APOE), triglycerides (TG), and residual cholesterol (RC). Conversely, Apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1), Apolipoprotein A2 (APOA2), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were substantially lower in GBS. Severe GBS displayed noticeably higher levels of APOC3 and total cholesterol (TC) compared to those with mild disease. Regarding different clinical outcomes, readmitted GBS demonstrated higher RC expression than those who were not readmitted. Moreover, GBS who tested positive for neuro-virus antibody IGG in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) exhibited heightened expression of APOC3 in comparison to those who tested negative. GBS with cranial nerve damage showed significantly reduced expression of HDL and APOA1 than those without such damage. Additionally, GBS experiencing limb pain demonstrated markedly decreased HDL expression. Patients showed a significant reduction in TC after intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. We observed a significant positive correlation between lipids and inflammatory markers, including TNF-α, IL-1β, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), white blood cells, monocytes, and neutrophils in GBS. Notably, APOA1 exhibited a negative correlation with ESR. Furthermore, our findings suggest a potential association between lipids and the immune status of GBS. Conclusion The research demonstrated a strong connection between lipids and the severity, subtypes, clinical outcomes, precursor infections, clinical symptoms, immunotherapy, inflammation, and immune status of GBS. This implies that a low-fat diet or the use of lipid-lowering medications may potentially serve as an approach for managing GBS, offering a fresh viewpoint for clinical treatment of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Laboratory of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Immunological Reagents Clinical Research, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Control of In Vitro Diagnostics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaowei Ding
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Laboratory of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Immunological Reagents Clinical Research, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Control of In Vitro Diagnostics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Laboratory of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Immunological Reagents Clinical Research, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Control of In Vitro Diagnostics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghui Zheng
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Laboratory of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Immunological Reagents Clinical Research, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Control of In Vitro Diagnostics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Siwen Li
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Laboratory of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Immunological Reagents Clinical Research, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Control of In Vitro Diagnostics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wencan Jiang
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Laboratory of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Immunological Reagents Clinical Research, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Control of In Vitro Diagnostics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kelin Chen
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Laboratory of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Immunological Reagents Clinical Research, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Control of In Vitro Diagnostics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Luan
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Laboratory of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Immunological Reagents Clinical Research, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Control of In Vitro Diagnostics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Laboratory of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Immunological Reagents Clinical Research, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Control of In Vitro Diagnostics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Laboratory of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Immunological Reagents Clinical Research, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Control of In Vitro Diagnostics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Laboratory of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Immunological Reagents Clinical Research, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Control of In Vitro Diagnostics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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