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Yao D, Shen C, Yu J, Tang J, Zhang H, Xu X, Tu M, Cheong LZ. Proteomic analysis of milk fat globule membrane proteins in mature human milk of women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus. Food Chem 2024; 445:138691. [PMID: 38354646 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Milk fat globule membrane proteins (MFGMP) in human milks have positive effects on infant's health. As gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) causes variations in MFGMP, it is essential to understand the effects of GDMon MFGMP. This study aims to investigate and compare the MFGMP (>3 months postpartum) of GDM and non-GDM (NGDM) women using four-dimensional-data-independent-acquisition proteomics technology. Principal component analysis shows significant differences in the MFGMP of GDM and NGDM women. A total of 4747 MFGMP were identified in maturehuman milk of GDM and NGDM women. Among these proteins, 174 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in MFGM of GDM and NGDM women. Albumin (FC = 7.96) and transthyretin (FC = 2.57) which are related to insulin resistance and involved in thyroid hormone synthesis, are significantly up-regulated in MFGMP of GDM mothers indicating insulin resistance, imbalance of glucose homeostasis and poor glucose metabolism might persist in postpartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yao
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Cai Shen
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - Jingwen Yu
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jiayue Tang
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research and Development Center Co Ltd., No.118 Gaodong Rd., Pudong New District, Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Xuebing Xu
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research and Development Center Co Ltd., No.118 Gaodong Rd., Pudong New District, Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Maolin Tu
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Ling-Zhi Cheong
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, 3010, Australia.
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Slykerman R, Davies N, Fuad M, Dekker J. Milk Fat Globule Membranes for Mental Health across the Human Lifespan. Foods 2024; 13:1631. [PMID: 38890860 PMCID: PMC11171857 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) contains bioactive proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Polar lipids found in the MFGM play a critical role in maintaining cell membrane integrity and neuronal signalling capacity, thereby supporting brain health. This review summarises the literature on the MFGM and its phospholipid constituents for improvement of mental health across three key stages of the human lifespan, i.e., infancy, adulthood, and older age. MFGM supplementation may improve mental health by reducing neuroinflammation and supporting neurotransmitter synthesis through the gut-brain axis. Fortification of infant formula with MFGMs is designed to mimic the composition of breastmilk and optimise early gut and central nervous system development. Early behavioural and emotional development sets the stage for future mental health. In adults, promising results suggest that MFGMs can reduce the negative consequences of situational stress. Preclinical models of age-related cognitive decline suggest a role for the MFGM in supporting brain health in older age and reducing depressive symptoms. While there is preclinical and clinical evidence to support the use of MFGM supplementation for improved mental health, human studies with mental health as the primary target outcome are sparce. Further high-quality clinical trials examining the potential of the MFGM for psychological health improvement are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Slykerman
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand;
| | - Naomi Davies
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand;
| | - Maher Fuad
- Fonterra Cooperative Group Limited, Palmerston North 4472, New Zealand; (M.F.); (J.D.)
| | - James Dekker
- Fonterra Cooperative Group Limited, Palmerston North 4472, New Zealand; (M.F.); (J.D.)
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Liao G, Wang T, Li X, Gu J, Jia Q, Wang Z, Li H, Qian Y, Qiu J. Comparison of the Lipid Composition of Milk Fat Globules in Goat ( Capra hircus) Milk during Different Lactations and Human Milk. Foods 2024; 13:1618. [PMID: 38890847 PMCID: PMC11171730 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Goat milk is considered the optimal substitute for human milk and is characterized by variations in the lipid composition of its fat globules across lactation phases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to thoroughly analyze the differences between goat milk during different lactations and human milk, aiming to offer scientific guidance for the production of functional dairy products. Compared with transitional and mature milk, the findings indicated that the total membrane protein content in goat colostrum exhibited greater similarity to that found in human milk. Additionally, goat milk exhibited higher milk fat globule size, as well as a higher total lipid and protein content than human milk. A total of 1461 lipid molecules across 61 subclasses were identified in goat milk and human milk. The contents of glycerides and glycerophospholipids were higher in goat colostrum, whereas sphingolipids and fatty acids were more abundant in human milk. Meanwhile, the compositions of lipid subclasses were inconsistent. There were 584 differentially expressed lipids identified between human and goat milk, including 47 subclasses that were primarily involved in the metabolism of glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and triglycerides. In summary, for both the membrane protein and the lipid composition, there were differences between the milk of different goat lactations and human milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqin Liao
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China; (G.L.); (T.W.); (X.L.); (J.G.); (Q.J.); (Z.W.); (H.L.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Tiancai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China; (G.L.); (T.W.); (X.L.); (J.G.); (Q.J.); (Z.W.); (H.L.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Xiabing Li
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China; (G.L.); (T.W.); (X.L.); (J.G.); (Q.J.); (Z.W.); (H.L.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Jingyi Gu
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China; (G.L.); (T.W.); (X.L.); (J.G.); (Q.J.); (Z.W.); (H.L.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Qi Jia
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China; (G.L.); (T.W.); (X.L.); (J.G.); (Q.J.); (Z.W.); (H.L.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Zishuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China; (G.L.); (T.W.); (X.L.); (J.G.); (Q.J.); (Z.W.); (H.L.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Houru Li
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China; (G.L.); (T.W.); (X.L.); (J.G.); (Q.J.); (Z.W.); (H.L.); (Y.Q.)
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yongzhong Qian
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China; (G.L.); (T.W.); (X.L.); (J.G.); (Q.J.); (Z.W.); (H.L.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Jing Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China; (G.L.); (T.W.); (X.L.); (J.G.); (Q.J.); (Z.W.); (H.L.); (Y.Q.)
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Zhu H, Zhao P, Wang X, Wang Y, Zhang S, Pang X, Lv J. Fabrication of Human Milk Fat Substitute: Based on the Similarity Evaluation Model and Computer Software. Molecules 2024; 29:2096. [PMID: 38731587 PMCID: PMC11085832 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to obtain the optimal formula for human milk fat substitute (HMFS) through a combination of software and an evaluation model and further verify its practicability through an animal experiment. The results showed that a total of 33 fatty acid (FA) and 63 triglyceride (TAG) molecular species were detected in vegetable oils. Palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, 18:1/16:0/18:1, 18:2/16:0/18:2, 18:1/18:1/18:1 and 18:1/18:2/18:1, were the main molecular species among the FAs and TAGs in the vegetable oils. Based on the HMFS evaluation model, the optimal mixed vegetable oil formula was blended with 21.3% palm oil, 2.8% linseed oil, 2.6% soybean oil, 29.9% rapeseed oil and 43.4% maize oil, with the highest score of 83.146. Moreover, there was no difference in the weight, blood routine indices or calcium and magnesium concentrations in the feces of the mice between the homemade mixed vegetable oil (HMVO) group and the commercial mixed vegetable oil (CMVO) group, while nervonic acid (C24:1) and octanoic acid (C8:0) were absorbed easily in the HMVO group. Therefore, these results demonstrate that the mixing of the different vegetable oils was feasible via a combination of computer software and an evaluation model and provided a new way to produce HMFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiquan Zhu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Z.); (P.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.W.); (S.Z.); (J.L.)
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot 010100, China
| | - Pu Zhao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Z.); (P.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.W.); (S.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Z.); (P.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.W.); (S.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Yunna Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Z.); (P.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.W.); (S.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Z.); (P.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.W.); (S.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Xiaoyang Pang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Z.); (P.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.W.); (S.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiaping Lv
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Z.); (P.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.W.); (S.Z.); (J.L.)
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Yang MT, Lan QY, Tian F, Xiong XY, Li X, Wu T, Huang SY, Chen XY, Mao YY, Zhu HL. Trajectories of Human Milk Gangliosides during the First Four Hundred Days and Maternal-to-Offspring Transfer of Gangliosides: Results from a Chinese Cohort Study. J Nutr 2024; 154:940-948. [PMID: 38215939 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gangliosides are crucial for early-life cognition and immunity development. However, limited data exist on gangliosides within the Chinese population, and maternal-to-fetal/infant ganglioside transport remains unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate gangliosides concentrations and trajectories in Chinese human milk during the first 400 d of lactation, and seek to understand gangliosides transmission between mother and offspring. METHODS This study involved 921 cross-sectional participants providing human milk samples across 0-400 d of lactation and 136 longitudinal participants offering maternal plasma, cord plasma, and human milk samples within the first 45 d postpartum. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used for the quantification of gangliosides. RESULTS Human milk GM3 (Neu5Acα2-3Galβ1-4GlcβCer) concentration increased from 2.29 ± 1.87 to 13.93 ± 4.82 μg/mL, whereas GD3 (Neu5Acα2-8Neu5Acα2-3Galβ1-4GlcβCer) decreased from 17.94 ± 6.41 to 0.30 ± 0.50 μg/mL during the first 400 d postpartum (all P < 0.05). Consistent results were observed in cross-sectional and longitudinal participants. GD3 concentration gradually increased from maternal plasma (1.58 μg/mL) through cord plasma (2.05 μg/mL) to colostrum (21.35 μg/mL). Significant positive correlations were observed between maternal and cord plasma for both GM3 (r = 0.30, P < 0.001) and GD3 (r = 0.35, P < 0.001), and maternal plasma GD3 also correlated positively with colostrum concentrations (r = 0.21, P = 0.015). Additionally, in maternal and cord plasma, gangliosides were mainly linked with 16- and 18-carbon fatty acids. However, human milk GM3 showed a broad spectrum of fatty acid chain lengths, whereas GD3 was primarily tied to very long-chain fatty acids (≥20 carbon). CONCLUSIONS We identified an increase in GM3 and a decrease in GD3 concentration in human milk, with GD3 notably more concentrated in cord plasma and colostrum. Importantly, ganglioside concentrations in maternal plasma positively correlated with those in cord plasma and colostrum. Our findings contribute to the existing Chinese data on gangliosides and enhance understanding of their transmission patterns from mother to offspring. This trial was registered at chictr.org.cn as ChiCTR1800015387.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Tao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Ye Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Tian
- Abbott Nutrition R and D Centre, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Xiang Li
- Abbott Nutrition R and D Centre, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Yu Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Yi Mao
- Abbott Nutrition R and D Centre, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hui-Lian Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Martin Carli JF, Dzieciatkowska M, Hernandez TL, Monks J, McManaman JL. Comparative proteomic analysis of human milk fat globules and paired membranes and mouse milk fat globules identifies core cellular systems contributing to mammary lipid trafficking and secretion. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1259047. [PMID: 38169886 PMCID: PMC10759240 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1259047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Human milk delivers critical nutritional and immunological support to human infants. Milk fat globules (MFGs) and their associated membranes (MFGMs) contain the majority of milk lipids and many bioactive components that contribute to neonatal development and health, yet their compositions have not been fully defined, and the mechanisms responsible for formation of these structures remain incompletely understood. Methods: In this study, we used untargeted mass spectrometry to quantitatively profile the protein compositions of freshly obtained MFGs and their paired, physically separated MFGM fractions from 13 human milk samples. We also quantitatively profiled the MFG protein compositions of 9 pooled milk samples from 18 lactating mouse dams. Results: We identified 2,453 proteins and 2,795 proteins in the majority of human MFG and MFGM samples, respectively, and 1,577 proteins in mouse MFGs. Using paired analyses of protein abundance in MFGMs compared to MFGs (MFGM-MFG; 1% FDR), we identified 699 proteins that were more highly abundant in MFGMs (MFGM-enriched), and 201 proteins that were less abundant in MFGMs (cytoplasmic). MFGM-enriched proteins comprised membrane systems (apical plasma membrane and multiple vesicular membranes) hypothesized to be responsible for lipid and protein secretion and components of membrane transport and signaling systems. Cytoplasmic proteins included ribosomal and proteasomal systems. Comparing abundance between human and mouse MFGs, we found a positive correlation (R 2 = 0.44, p < 0.0001) in the relative abundances of 1,279 proteins that were found in common across species. Discussion: Comparative pathway enrichment analyses between human and mouse samples reveal similarities in membrane trafficking and signaling pathways involved in milk fat secretion and identify potentially novel immunological components of MFGs. Our results advance knowledge of the composition and relative quantities of proteins in human and mouse MFGs in greater detail, provide a quantitative profile of specifically enriched human MFGM proteins, and identify core cellular systems involved in milk lipid secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayne F. Martin Carli
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Monika Dzieciatkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Teri L. Hernandez
- College of Nursing, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jenifer Monks
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - James L. McManaman
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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Chen L, Hong T, Li Z, Shen G, Gu Y, Han J. A comparison of milk fat globule membranes and whey proteomes: New insight into variation nutrient differences between Buffalo, Cow, Goat, and Yak. Food Chem 2023; 429:136845. [PMID: 37453337 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the whey and milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) proteomes of buffalo, cow, goat, and yak milk were analyzed using label-free proteomic technology. Totally, 1,292 MFGM proteins and 686 whey proteins were identified from these four species, and GO analysis revealed there were specific proteins with different functions in both whey (376) and MFGM (982) proteomes. The principal component analysis showed that ALB, TF, CSN1S1, and GLYCAM1 are characteristic markers of the milk for each of the four species. Furthermore, the conserved and differential in the expression of whey and MFGM proteins across the four species were identified by limma, and subsequent KEGG pathway analysis showed that immune-related proteins are both conserved and species-specific in the four species. These results provide a deepening of the understanding of the characteristics of proteins in whey and MFGMs from these four common dairy animals and new insight into developing dairy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tiannuo Hong
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ziqi Li
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guohui Shen
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanting Gu
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Juan Han
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China; Laboratory of Safety & Nutritional Function Risk Assessment for Agricultural Products of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China; Digital Agriculture and Rural Research Institute of CAAS (Zibo), Shan Dong 255022, China.
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Rodríguez-Camejo C, Puyol A, Arbildi P, Sóñora C, Fazio L, Siré G, Hernández A. Effects of human donor milk on gut barrier function and inflammation: in vitro study of the beneficial properties to the newborn. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1282144. [PMID: 38022652 PMCID: PMC10663376 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1282144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The gastrointestinal and immune systems of premature infants are not fully developed, rendering them more vulnerable to severe complications like necrotizing enterocolitis. Human milk offers a rich array of bioactive factors that collectively contribute to reducing the incidence of gut infections and inflammatory conditions. When a mother's milk is unavailable, preterm infants are often provided with donor human milk processed in Human Milk Banks. However, it remains uncertain whether pasteurized milk confers the same level of risk reduction as unprocessed milk. This uncertainty may stem from the well-documented adverse effects of heat treatment on milk composition. Yet, our understanding of the comprehensive impact on protective mechanisms is limited. Methods In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the effects of raw versus pasteurized milk and colostrum versus mature milk on cellular functions associated with the gut epithelial barrier and responses to inflammatory stimuli. We utilized THP-1 and HT-29 cell lines, representing monocyte/macrophages and gut epithelial cells, respectively. Results Our observations revealed that all milk types stimulated epithelial cell proliferation. However, only raw colostrum increased cell migration and interfered with the interaction between E. coli and epithelial cells. Furthermore, the response of epithelial and macrophage cells to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was enhanced solely by raw colostrum, with a milder effect observed with mature milk. In contrast, both raw and pasteurized milk diminished the LPS induced response in monocytes. Lastly, we examined how milk affected the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages, finding that milk reduced the subsequent inflammatory response of macrophages to LPS. Discussion Our study sheds light on the impact of human milk on certain mechanisms that potentially account for its protective effects against necrotizing enterocolitis, highlighting the detrimental influence of pasteurization on some of these mechanisms. Our findings emphasize the urgency of developing alternative pasteurization methods to better preserve milk properties. Moreover, identifying the key components critically affected by these protective mechanisms could enable their inclusion in donor milk or formula, thereby enhancing immunological benefits for vulnerable newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Rodríguez-Camejo
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (DEPBIO), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Unidad Asociada de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQB), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Higiene “Prof. Arnoldo Berta”, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Arturo Puyol
- Banco de Leche “Ruben Panizza”, Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell, Administración de los Servicios de Salud del Estado, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Paula Arbildi
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (DEPBIO), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Unidad Asociada de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQB), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Higiene “Prof. Arnoldo Berta”, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cecilia Sóñora
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (DEPBIO), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Unidad Asociada de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQB), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Higiene “Prof. Arnoldo Berta”, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Escuela Universitaria de Tecnología Médica (EUTM), Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Laura Fazio
- Banco de Leche “Ruben Panizza”, Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell, Administración de los Servicios de Salud del Estado, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gabriela Siré
- Banco de Leche “Ruben Panizza”, Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell, Administración de los Servicios de Salud del Estado, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana Hernández
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (DEPBIO), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Unidad Asociada de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQB), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Higiene “Prof. Arnoldo Berta”, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Wang Y, Guo M, Ren F, Wang P, Li H, Li H, Li Y, Luo J, Yu J. A novel strategy to construct stable fat globules with all major milk fat globule membrane proteins to mimic breast milk fat emulsions at the protein level. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113351. [PMID: 37803655 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) proteins have several biological functions and maintain the fat globule structure. However, the major MFGM protein compositions in simulated human milk emulsions are different from those in human milk due to the composition loss in the isolation process of MFGM materials. To overcome this limitation, we developed a novel strategy, namely, the solution enriched with MFGM was homogenized with cream separated from the milk rich in large-sized fat globules. The results of physicochemical properties and the interfacial protein coverage of the emulsions showed that the emulsions prepared by the new method had a smaller particle size, higher stability, and more interfacial protein coverage when the ratio of fat to protein was 1:3. In addition, proteome differences in interfacial proteins between the new emulsions and simulated infant formula emulsions were investigated, and the results revealed that the interface of the emulsions prepared by the new method contained all major MFGM proteins and unique GO annotations and KEGG pathways. However, only four MFGM proteins (XO, ADPH, PAS 6/7) were quantified at the interface of the emulsions prepared by the common method. Furthermore, the protein number and the total relative abundance of major MFGM proteins were approximately 2-fold and 475-fold higher at the interface of the emulsions prepared by the new method compared to the common method. Overall, the study modulated the interfacial protein composition of fat globules by screening the sources of lipid and homogenization methods and revealed its potential effect on processing stability and biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Mengyuan Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Pengjie Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Hongjuan Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Hongbo Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Yixuan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410114, China.
| | - Jinghua Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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10
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Pan J, Chen M, Li N, Han R, Yang Y, Zheng N, Zhao S, Zhang Y. Bioactive Functions of Lipids in the Milk Fat Globule Membrane: A Comprehensive Review. Foods 2023; 12:3755. [PMID: 37893646 PMCID: PMC10606317 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is a complex tri-layer membrane that wraps droplets of lipids in milk. In recent years, it has attracted widespread attention due to its excellent bioactive functions and nutritional value. MFGM contains a diverse array of bioactive lipids, including cholesterol, phospholipids, and sphingolipids, which play pivotal roles in mediating the bioactivity of the MFGM. We sequentially summarize the main lipid types in the MFGM in this comprehensive review and outline the characterization methods used to employ them. In this comprehensive review, we sequentially describe the types of major lipids found in the MFGM and outline the characterization methods employed to study them. Additionally, we compare the structural disparities among glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and gangliosides, while introducing the formation of lipid rafts facilitated by cholesterol. The focus of this review revolves around an extensive evaluation of the current research on lipid isolates from the MFGM, as well as products containing MFGM lipids, with respect to their impact on human health. Notably, we emphasize the clinical trials encompassing a large number of participants. The summarized bioactive functions of MFGM lipids encompass the regulation of human growth and development, influence on intestinal health, inhibition of cholesterol absorption, enhancement of exercise capacity, and anticancer effects. By offering a comprehensive overview, the aim of this review is to provide valuable insights into the diverse biologically active functions exhibited by lipids in the MFGM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.P.); (M.C.); (N.Z.); (S.Z.)
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (N.L.); (R.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Meiqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.P.); (M.C.); (N.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Ning Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (N.L.); (R.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Rongwei Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (N.L.); (R.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yongxin Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (N.L.); (R.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Nan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.P.); (M.C.); (N.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shengguo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.P.); (M.C.); (N.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Yangdong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.P.); (M.C.); (N.Z.); (S.Z.)
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11
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Xu Y. Editorial: Milk oligosaccharides and lipids, their impact on human health. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1255077. [PMID: 37781113 PMCID: PMC10541213 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1255077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Health Science Center, China Feihe Joint Research Institute of Nutrition and Healthy Lifespan Development, Beijing, China
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12
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Oosting A, Harvey L, Ringler S, van Dijk G, Schipper L. Beyond ingredients: Supramolecular structure of lipid droplets in infant formula affects metabolic and brain function in mouse models. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282816. [PMID: 37531323 PMCID: PMC10395839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk beneficially affects infant growth and brain development. The supramolecular structure of lipid globules in human milk i.e., large lipid globules covered by the milk fat globule membrane, is believed to contribute to this effect, in addition to the supply of functional ingredients. Three preclinical (mouse) experiments were performed to study the effects of infant formula mimicking the supramolecular structure of human milk lipid globules on brain and metabolic health outcomes. From postnatal day 16 to 42, mouse offspring were exposed to a diet containing infant formula with large, phospholipid-coated lipid droplets (structure, STR) or infant formula with the same ingredients but lacking the unique structural properties as observed in human milk (ingredient, ING). Subsequently, in Study 1, the fatty acid composition in liver and brain membranes was measured, and expression of hippocampal molecular markers were analyzed. In Study 2 and 3 adult (Western-style diet-induced) body fat accumulation and cognitive function were evaluated. Animals exposed to STR compared to ING showed improved omega-3 fatty acid accumulation in liver and brain, and higher expression of brain myelin-associated glycoprotein. Early exposure to STR reduced fat mass accumulation in adulthood; the effect was more pronounced in animals exposed to a Western-style diet. Additionally, mice exposed to STR demonstrated better memory performance later in life. In conclusion, early life exposure to infant formula containing large, phospholipid-coated lipid droplets, that are closer to the supramolecular structure of lipid globules in human milk, positively affects adult brain and metabolic health outcomes in pre-clinical animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gertjan van Dijk
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lidewij Schipper
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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13
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Kemeter LM, Birzer A, Heym S, Thoma-Kress AK. Milk Transmission of Mammalian Retroviruses. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1777. [PMID: 37512949 PMCID: PMC10386362 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The transmission of viruses from one host to another typically occurs through horizontal or vertical pathways. The horizontal pathways include transmission amongst individuals, usually through bodily fluids or excretions, while vertical transmission transpires from mother to their offspring, either during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. While there are more than 200 human pathogenic viruses to date, only a small number of them are known to be transmitted via breast milk, including cytomegalovirus (CMV), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), and human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), the latter two belonging to the family Retroviridae. Breast milk transmission is a common characteristic among mammalian retroviruses, but there is a lack of reports summarizing our knowledge regarding this route of transmission of mammalian retroviruses. Here, we provide an overview of the transmission of mammalian exogenous retroviruses with a focus on Orthoretrovirinae, and we highlight whether they have been described or suspected to be transmitted through breast milk, covering various species. We also elaborate on the production and composition of breast milk and discuss potential entry sites of exogenous mammalian retroviruses during oral transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Kemeter
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Birzer
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Heym
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea K Thoma-Kress
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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14
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Seki D, Errerd T, Hall LJ. The role of human milk fats in shaping neonatal development and the early life gut microbiota. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2023; 2:8. [PMID: 38047278 PMCID: PMC10688791 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2023.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Human breast milk (HBM) is the main source of nutrition for neonates across the critical early-life developmental period. The highest demand for energy is due to rapid neurophysiological expansion post-delivery, which is largely met by human milk lipids (HMLs). These HMLs also play a prebiotic role and potentially promote the growth of certain commensal bacteria, which, via HML digestion, supports the additional transfer of energy to the infant. In tandem, HMLs can also exert bactericidal effects against a variety of opportunistic pathogens, which contributes to overall colonisation resistance. Such interactions are pivotal for sustaining homeostatic relationships between microorganisms and their hosts. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms governing these interactions remain poorly understood. This review will explore the current research landscape with respect to HMLs, including compositional considerations and impact on the early life gut microbiota. Recent papers in this field will also be discussed, including a final perspective on current knowledge gaps and potential next research steps for these important but understudied breast milk components.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Seki
- Chair of Intestinal Microbiome, School of Life Sciences, ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Theresa Errerd
- Chair of Intestinal Microbiome, School of Life Sciences, ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Lindsay J Hall
- Chair of Intestinal Microbiome, School of Life Sciences, ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
- Gut Microbes & Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
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15
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Overgaard Poulsen K, Astono J, Jakobsen RR, Uldbjerg N, Fuglsang J, Nielsen DS, Sundekilde UK. Influence of maternal body mass index on human milk composition and associations to infant metabolism and gut colonisation: MAINHEALTH - a study protocol for an observational birth cohort. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e059552. [PMID: 36323479 PMCID: PMC9639067 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human milk provides all macronutrients for growth, bioactive compounds, micro-organisms and immunological components, which potentially interacts with and primes infant growth and, development, immune responses and the gut microbiota of the new-born. Infants with an overweight mother are more likely to become overweight later in life and overweight has been related to the gut microbiome. Therefore, it is important to investigate the mother-milk-infant triad as a biological system and if the maternal weight status influences the human milk composition, infant metabolism and gut microbiome. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This study aims to include 200 mother-infant dyads stratified into one of three body mass index (BMI) categories based on mother's prepregnancy BMI. Multiomics analyses include metabolomics, proteomics, glycomics and microbiomics methods, aiming to characterise human milk from the mothers and further relate the composition to infant gut microbiota and its metabolic impact in the infant. Infant gut microbiota is analysed using 16S sequencing of faeces samples. Nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry are used for the remaining omics analysis. We investigate whether maternal pre-pregnancy BMI results in a distinct human milk composition that potentially affects the initial priming of the infant's gut environment and metabolism early in life. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The Central Denmark Region Committees on Health Research Ethics has approved the protocol (J-nr. 1-10-72-296-18). All participants have before inclusion signed informed consent and deputy informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki II. Results will be disseminated to health professionals including paediatricians, research community, nutritional policymakers, industry and finally the public. The scientific community will be informed via peer-reviewed publications and presentations at scientific conferences, the industry will be invited for meetings, and the public will be informed via reports in science magazines and the general press. Data cleared for personal data, will be deposited at public data repositories. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Danish regional committee of the Central Jutland Region, journal number: 1-10-72-296-18, version 6.Danish Data Protection Agency, journal number: 2016-051-000001, 1304. CLINICALTRIALS gov, identifier: NCT05111990.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Overgaard Poulsen
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Julie Astono
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | | | - Niels Uldbjerg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jens Fuglsang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
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16
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Cavaletto M, Givonetti A, Cattaneo C. The Immunological Role of Milk Fat Globule Membrane. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214574. [PMID: 36364836 PMCID: PMC9655658 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk is the ideal food for newborns until the age of six months. Human milk can be defined as a dynamic living tissue, containing immunological molecules, such as immunoglobulins, supra-molecular structures, such as the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), and even entire cells, such as the milk microbiota. The milk composition changes throughout lactation to fulfill the infant’s requirements and reflect the healthy/disease status of the lactating mother. Many bioactive milk components are either soluble or bound to the MFGM. In this work, we focus on the peculiar role of the MFGM components, from their structural organization in fat globules to their route into the gastrointestinal tract. Immunometabolic differences between human and bovine MFGM components are reported and the advantages of supplementing infant formula with the MFGM are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cavaletto
- Department of Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica, University of Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Annalisa Givonetti
- Department of Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica, University of Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
| | - Chiara Cattaneo
- Department of Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, University of Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
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17
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Impacts of Formula Supplemented with Milk Fat Globule Membrane on the Neurolipidome of Brain Regions of Piglets. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080689. [PMID: 35893256 PMCID: PMC9330244 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) appears to play an important role in infant neurocognitive development; however, its mechanism(s) of action remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of a dietary MFGM supplement on the lipid profiles of different neonatal brain regions. Ten-day-old male piglets (4−5 kg) were fed unsupplemented infant formula (control, n = 7) or an infant formula supplemented with low (4%) or high (8%) levels of MFGM (n = 8 each) daily for 21 days. Piglets were then euthanized, and brain tissues were sectioned. Untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry lipidomics was performed on the cerebellum, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and the rest of the brain. The analyses identified 271 and 171 lipids using positive and negative ionization modes, respectively, spanning 16 different lipid classes. MFGM consumption did not significantly alter the lipidome in most brain regions, regardless of dose, compared to the control infant formula. However, 16 triacylglyceride species were increased in the hippocampus (t-test, p-value < 0.05) of the high-supplemented piglets. Most lipids (262 (96.7%) and 160 (93.6%), respectively) differed significantly between different brain regions (ANOVA, false discovery rate corrected p-value < 0.05) independent of diet. Thus, this study highlighted that dietary MFGM altered lipid abundance in the hippocampus and detected large differences in lipid profiles between neonatal piglet brain regions.
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