Kazeminasab F, Baharlooie M, Karimi B, Mokhtari K, Rosenkranz SK, Santos HO. Effects of intermittent fasting combined with physical exercise on cardiometabolic outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies.
Nutr Rev 2023:nuad155. [PMID:
38102800 DOI:
10.1093/nutrit/nuad155]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT
Different intermittent fasting (IF) protocols have been proven to be efficient in improving cardiometabolic markers, but further research is needed to examine whether or not combining IF regimens plus physical exercise is superior to control diets (ie, nonfasting eating) plus physical exercise in this setting.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to determine whether or not combining IF plus exercise interventions is more favorable than a control diet plus exercise for improving cardiometabolic health outcomes.
DATA SOURCE
PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were comprehensively searched until April 2023.
DATA EXTRACTION
Electronic databases were searched for clinical trials that determined the effect of IF plus exercise vs a control diet plus exercise on body weight, lipid profile (high-density lipoprotein [HDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], triglycerides, and total cholesterol), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively). Analyses were conducted for IF plus exercise vs a nonfasting diet plus exercise to calculate weighted mean differences (WMDs).
DATA ANALYSIS
The meta-analysis included a total of 14 studies, with a total sample of 360 adults with or without obesity. The duration ranged from 4 to 52 weeks. IF plus exercise decreased body weight (WMD = -1.83 kg; P = 0.001), LDL (WMD = -5.35 mg/dL; P = 0.03), and SBP (WMD = -2.99 mm Hg; P = 0.003) significantly more than a control diet plus exercise. HDL (WMD = 1.57 mg/dL; P = 0.4) and total cholesterol (WMD = -2.24 mg/dL; P = 0.3) did not change significantly for IF plus exercise vs a control diet plus exercise, but there was a trend for reducing triglycerides (WMD = -13.13 mg/dL; P = 0.07) and DBP (WMD = 2.13 mm Hg; P = 0.05), which shows clinical magnitude.
CONCLUSION
IF plus exercise improved some cardiometabolic outcomes (body weight, blood pressure, and lipid profile) compared with a control diet plus exercise.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023423878.
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