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He Z, Zhu H, Liu J, Kwek E, Ma KY, Chen ZY. Mangiferin alleviates trimethylamine- N-oxide (TMAO)-induced atherogenesis and modulates gut microbiota in mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:9212-9225. [PMID: 37781894 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02791k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), originating from dietary trimethylamine-containing nutrients such as choline, has been recognized as a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Mangiferin is a bioactive xanthone initially extracted from mango (Mangifera indica). The present study aimed to investigate the effect of mangiferin on TMAO-induced atherogenesis in mice fed a high-choline diet. Female ApoE-/- mice were randomly divided into three groups and fed either a control diet, a high-choline diet with 1% free choline, or an experimental diet with 1% free choline plus 0.5% mangiferin for 15 weeks. Our results showed that a high-choline diet elevated plasma TMAO levels, accelerated atherogenesis, promoted cholesterol accumulation, and reduced the generation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by gut microbes. Mangiferin alleviated inflammation, and lowered plasma total cholesterol levels by facilitating the elimination of neutral and acidic sterols in feces, resulting in a 16.7-29.0% reduction in aortic atherosclerotic lesions. Notably, mangiferin could favorably remodel the composition of the gut microbiota by fostering the growth of the beneficial taxa Akkermansia, Parabacteroides, and Bifidobacteriaceae, while reducing the relative abundance of the pathogenic genus Helicobacter. This modulation led to a decrease in plasma lipopolysaccharide levels, enhanced the production of total SCFAs by gut microbes, and reduced susceptibility to atherosclerosis. In conclusion, mangiferin exhibited its ability to alleviate TMAO-induced atherosclerosis through its anti-inflammatory, cholesterol-lowering, and gut microbial modulatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zouyan He
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, NT, China.
| | - Hanyue Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, NT, China.
- School of Food Science and Engineering/South China Food Safety Research Center, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianhui Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Erika Kwek
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, NT, China.
| | - Ka Ying Ma
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, NT, China.
| | - Zhen-Yu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, NT, China.
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Singh SB, Carroll-Portillo A, Lin HC. Desulfovibrio in the Gut: The Enemy within? Microorganisms 2023; 11:1772. [PMID: 37512944 PMCID: PMC10383351 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Desulfovibrio (DSV) are sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) that are ubiquitously present in the environment and as resident commensal bacteria within the human gastrointestinal tract. Though they are minor residents of the healthy gut, DSV are opportunistic pathobionts that may overgrow in the setting of various intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated a positive correlation between DSV overgrowth (bloom) and various human diseases. While the relationship between DSV bloom and disease pathology has not been clearly established, mounting evidence suggests a causal role for these bacteria in disease development. As DSV are the most predominant genera of SRB in the gut, this review summarizes current knowledge regarding the relationship between DSV and a variety of diseases. In this study, we also discuss the mechanisms by which these bacteria may contribute to disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha B Singh
- Biomedical Research Institute of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
| | - Amanda Carroll-Portillo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Henry C Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Medicine Service, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
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Akter S, Akhter H, Chaudhury HS, Rahman MH, Gorski A, Hasan MN, Shin Y, Rahman MA, Nguyen MN, Choi TG, Kim SS. Dietary carbohydrates: Pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets to obesity-associated metabolic syndrome. Biofactors 2022; 48:1036-1059. [PMID: 36102254 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common feature in obesity, comprising a cluster of abnormalities including abdominal fat accumulation, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, leading to diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Intake of carbohydrates (CHO), particularly a sugary diet that rapidly increases blood glucose, triglycerides, and blood pressure levels is the predominant determining factor of MetS. Complex CHO, on the other hand, are a stable source of energy taking a longer time to digest. In particular, resistant starch (RS) or soluble fiber is an excellent source of prebiotics, which alter the gut microbial composition, which in turn improves metabolic control. Altering maternal CHO intake during pregnancy may result in the child developing MetS. Furthermore, lifestyle factors such as physical inactivity in combination with dietary habits may synergistically influence gene expression by modulating genetic and epigenetic regulators transforming childhood obesity into adolescent metabolic disorders. This review summarizes the common pathophysiology of MetS in connection with the nature of CHO, intrauterine nutrition, genetic predisposition, lifestyle factors, and advanced treatment approaches; it also emphasizes how dietary CHO may act as a key element in the pathogenesis and future therapeutic targets of obesity and MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salima Akter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Hajara Akhter
- Biomedical and Toxicological Research Institute, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Habib Sadat Chaudhury
- Department of Biochemistry, International Medical College Hospital, Tongi 1711, Bangladesh
| | - Md Hasanur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Andrew Gorski
- Department of Philosophy in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yoonhwa Shin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Ataur Rahman
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Global Biotechnology & Biomedical Research Network (GBBRN), Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Minh Nam Nguyen
- Research Center for Genetics and Reproductive Health, School of Medicine, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tae Gyu Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Pristine Pharmaceuticals, Patuakhali 8600, Bangladesh
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Mao YP, Song YM, Pan SW, Li N, Wang WX, Feng BB, Zhang JH. Effect of Codonopsis Radix and Polygonati Rhizoma on the regulation of the IRS1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in type 2 diabetic mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1068555. [PMID: 36589810 PMCID: PMC9794842 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1068555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Codonopsis Radix and Polygonati Rhizoma (CRPR) has a good hypoglycemic effect. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effect of CRPR on high-fat/high-sugar diet (HFHSD)- and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice as well as to investigate the involved mechanism. METHODS A T2DM mouse model was generated by combining HFHSD and STZ. After the model was established, normal and model groups received the same volume of normal saline intragastrically, and the negative control group was treated with metformin (200 mg/kg·BW). The low, medium, and high CRPR groups received four consecutive weeks of oral gavage with CRPR doses of 2.5, 5, and 10 g/kg·BW, respectively, during the course of the study. Body weight and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were measured on a weekly basis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISAs) were used to evaluate the serum and liver samples. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was utilized to observe the pathological status of the liver and pancreas. Western blot (WB) analysis was performed to evaluate the protein expression levels of PI3K, p-PI3K, AKT, and p-AKT. RESULTS Compared to model mice, each treatment group had significantly elevated levels of FBG, total cholesterol (TC), and triacylglycerol (TG) (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were significantly reduced in the treatment groups compared to the model group (P<0.01). Compared to the model group, fasting insulin (FINS) levels were elevated in all groups of CRPR (P<0.05), and there were significantly higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in both the low-dose and high-dose CRPR groups (P<0.05). H&E staining indicated that CRPR treatment reduced organ enlargement, improved liver lipid accumulation, and repaired islet injury in T2DM mice. Moreover, WB analysis demonstrated that all CRPR groups significantly upregulated the protein expression of IRS1, p-GSK3β, PI3K, p-Akt and p-FOXO1(P<0.05) as well as significantly downregulated p-IRS1 and FOXO1 protein expression (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that CRPR effectively improves the metabolic disturbance of lipids, repairs damaged liver tissues, repairs damaged pancreatic tissues, and reduces insulin resistance (IR) in T2DM mice. The mechanism of action may be associated with upregulation of the IRS1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and inhibition of IRS1 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-po Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi-ming Song
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sheng-wang Pan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen-xiang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin-bin Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Bin-bin Feng, ; Jian-hai Zhang,
| | - Jian-hai Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Bin-bin Feng, ; Jian-hai Zhang,
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