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Wang F, Feng J, Yao M, Dou L, Nan S, Pang X, Nie C. Dietary succinate reduces fat deposition through gut microbiota and lipid metabolism in broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103954. [PMID: 38909508 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Succinate has been shown to be a potentially beneficial nutritional supplement with a diverse range of physiological functions. However, it remains unknown whether succinate supplementation regulates lipid metabolism in chickens. The aim of this study was to explore how succinate affects fat deposition and the underlying mechanism involved in broilers and to determine the most appropriate level of succinate supplementation in the diet. A total of 640 one-day-old male yellow-feathered broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups with 8 replicates and 20 broilers per replicate. A basal diet was provided to the control group (CON). The experimental broilers were fed diets containing 0.2% (L), 0.4% (M), or 0.6% (H) succinate and the study was lasted for 21 d. The linear (l) and quadratic (q) effects of succinate addition were determined. The results indicated that supplementation with 0.4% succinate reduced ADFI, serum triglycerides (l, q; P < 0.05), glucose (q; P < 0.05), and increased high-density lipidprotein cholesterol (l, q; P < 0.05) concentrations in broilers. Moreover, 0.4% succinate affects lipid metabolism by decreasing the abdominal fat percentage and adipocyte surface area, the expression of genes that promote liposynthesis in the abdominal fat and liver, as well as increasing the expression of genes that promote lipolysis in the abdominal fat and liver. In addition, increased cecal propionic acid content (q, P < 0.05) was found in the M group compared to the CON group. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis showed that group M altered cecum microbial composition by increasing the abundance of genera such as Blautia and Sellimonas (P < 0.05). LC-MS metabolomic analysis revealed that the differential metabolites between the M and CON groups were enriched in amino acid-related pathways. In conclusion, the optimum level of succinate added to broiler diets in the present study was 0.4%. Succinate can potentially reduce fat accumulation in broilers by modulating the composition of the gut flora and amino acid metabolism related to lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Jiaqi Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Min Yao
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Lijing Dou
- Animal Husbandry and veterinary workstation of the 8th Division, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Shanshan Nan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Xiaotong Pang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Cunxi Nie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China;.
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Liu S, Li R, Sun YW, Lin H, Li HF. Protein succinylation, hepatic metabolism, and liver diseases. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:344-352. [PMID: 38577527 PMCID: PMC10989315 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i3.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Succinylation is a highly conserved post-translational modification that is processed via enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms. Succinylation exhibits strong effects on protein stability, enzyme activity, and transcriptional regulation. Protein succinylation is extensively present in the liver, and increasing evidence has demonstrated that succinylation is closely related to hepatic metabolism. For instance, histone acetyltransferase 1 promotes liver glycolysis, and the sirtuin 5-induced desuccinylation is involved in the regulation of the hepatic urea cycle and lipid metabolism. Therefore, the effects of succinylation on hepatic glucose, amino acid, and lipid metabolism under the action of various enzymes will be discussed in this work. In addition, how succinylases regulate the progression of different liver diseases will be reviewed, including the desuccinylation activity of sirtuin 7, which is closely associated with fatty liver disease and hepatitis, and the actions of lysine acetyltransferase 2A and histone acetyltransferase 1 that act as succinyltransferases to regulate the succinylation of target genes that influence the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. In view of the diversity and significance of protein succinylation, targeting the succinylation pathway may serve as an attractive direction for the treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ya-Wen Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hai Lin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hai-Fang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong Province, China.
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Zhai X, Dang L, Wang S, Li W, Sun C. Effects of Succinate on Growth Performance, Meat Quality and Lipid Synthesis in Bama Miniature Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:999. [PMID: 38612238 PMCID: PMC11011074 DOI: 10.3390/ani14070999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Succinate, one of the intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, is now recognized to play a role in a broad range of physiological and pathophysiological settings, but its role in adipogenesis is unclear. Our study used Bama miniature pigs as a model to explore the effects of succinate on performance, meat quality, and fat formation. The results showed that adding 1% succinate significantly increased the average daily gain, feed/gain ratio, eye muscle area, and body fat content (p < 0.05), but had no effect on feed intake. Further meat quality analysis showed that succinate increased the marbling score and intramuscular fat content of longissimus dorsi muscle (LM), while decreasing the shear force and the cross-sectional area of LM (p < 0.05). Metabolomics analysis of LM revealed that succinate reshaped levels of fatty acids, triglycerides, glycerophospholipids, and sphingolipids in LM. Succinate promotes adipogenic differentiation in porcine primary preadipocytes. Finally, dietary succinate supplementation increased succinylation modification rather than acetylation modification in the adipose tissue pool. This study elucidated the effects of succinate on the growth and meat quality of pigs and its mechanism of action and provided a reference for the role of succinate in the nutrition and metabolism of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyun Zhai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.Z.); (L.D.); (S.W.)
| | - Liping Dang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.Z.); (L.D.); (S.W.)
| | - Shiyu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.Z.); (L.D.); (S.W.)
| | - Wenyuan Li
- Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Yuanyang County, Xinxiang 453000, China;
| | - Chao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.Z.); (L.D.); (S.W.)
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Licitra R, Fronte B, Verri T, Marchese M, Sangiacomo C, Santorelli FM. Zebrafish Feed Intake: A Systematic Review for Standardizing Feeding Management in Laboratory Conditions. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:209. [PMID: 38666821 PMCID: PMC11047914 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Zebrafish are one of the most used animal models in biological research and a cost-effective alternative to rodents. Despite this, nutritional requirements and standardized feeding protocols have not yet been established for this species. This is important to avoid nutritional effects on experimental outcomes, and especially when zebrafish models are used in preclinical studies, as many diseases have nutritional confounding factors. A key aspect of zebrafish nutrition is related to feed intake, the amount of feed ingested by each fish daily. With the goal of standardizing feeding protocols among the zebrafish community, this paper systematically reviews the available data from 73 studies on zebrafish feed intake, feeding regimes (levels), and diet composition. Great variability was observed regarding diet composition, especially regarding crude protein (mean 44.98 ± 9.87%) and lipid content (9.91 ± 5.40%). Interestingly, the gross energy levels of the zebrafish diets were similar across the reviewed studies (20.39 ± 2.10 kilojoules/g of feed). In most of the reviewed papers, fish received a predetermined quantity of feed (feed supplied). The authors fed the fish according to the voluntary intake and then calculated feed intake (FI) in only 17 papers. From a quantitative point of view, FI was higher than when a fixed quantity (pre-defined) of feed was supplied. Also, the literature showed that many biotic and abiotic factors may affect zebrafish FI. Finally, based on the FI data gathered from the literature, a new feeding protocol is proposed. In summary, a daily feeding rate of 9-10% of body weight is proposed for larvae, whereas these values are equal to 6-8% for juveniles and 5% for adults when a dry feed with a proper protein and energy content is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Licitra
- Department of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Baldassare Fronte
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (B.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Tiziano Verri
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Maria Marchese
- Department of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Chiara Sangiacomo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (B.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Filippo Maria Santorelli
- Department of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy;
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Fernández-Veledo S, Marsal-Beltran A, Vendrell J. Type 2 diabetes and succinate: unmasking an age-old molecule. Diabetologia 2024; 67:430-442. [PMID: 38182909 PMCID: PMC10844351 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Beyond their conventional roles in intracellular energy production, some traditional metabolites also function as extracellular messengers that activate cell-surface G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) akin to hormones and neurotransmitters. These signalling metabolites, often derived from nutrients, the gut microbiota or the host's intermediary metabolism, are now acknowledged as key regulators of various metabolic and immune responses. This review delves into the multi-dimensional aspects of succinate, a dual metabolite with roots in both the mitochondria and microbiome. It also connects the dots between succinate's role in the Krebs cycle, mitochondrial respiration, and its double-edge function as a signalling transmitter within and outside the cell. We aim to provide an overview of the role of the succinate-succinate receptor 1 (SUCNR1) axis in diabetes, discussing the potential use of succinate as a biomarker and the novel prospect of targeting SUCNR1 to manage complications associated with diabetes. We further propose strategies to manipulate the succinate-SUCNR1 axis for better diabetes management; this includes pharmacological modulation of SUCNR1 and innovative approaches to manage succinate concentrations, such as succinate administration and indirect strategies, like microbiota modulation. The dual nature of succinate, both in terms of origins and roles, offers a rich landscape for understanding the intricate connections within metabolic diseases, like diabetes, and indicates promising pathways for developing new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII de Tarragona, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV)-CERCA, Tarragona, Spain.
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
- Universitat Rovira I Virgili (URV), Reus, Spain.
| | - Anna Marsal-Beltran
- Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII de Tarragona, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV)-CERCA, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Rovira I Virgili (URV), Reus, Spain
| | - Joan Vendrell
- Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII de Tarragona, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV)-CERCA, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Rovira I Virgili (URV), Reus, Spain
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Barreto A, Couto A, Jerónimo D, Laranjeira A, Silva B, Nunes C, Veríssimo ACS, Pinto DCGA, Dias J, Pacheco M, Costas B, Rocha RJM. Salicornia ramosissima Biomass as a Partial Replacement of Wheat Meal in Diets for Juvenile European Seabass ( Dicentrarchus labrax). Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:614. [PMID: 38396582 PMCID: PMC10886228 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The green tips of Salicornia ramosissima are used for human consumption, while, in a production scenario, the rest of the plant is considered a residue. This study evaluated the potential of incorporating salicornia by-products in diets for juvenile European seabass, partially replacing wheat meal, aspiring to contribute to their valorization. A standard diet and three experimental diets including salicornia in 2.5%, 5% and 10% inclusion levels were tested in triplicate. After 62 days of feeding, no significant differences between treatments were observed in fish growth performances, feeding efficiency and economic conversation ratio. Nutrient digestibility of the experimental diets was unaffected by the inclusion of salicornia when compared to a standard diet. Additionally, salicornia had significant modulatory effects on the fish muscle biochemical profiles, namely by significantly decreasing lactic acid and increasing succinic acid levels, which can potentially signal health-promoting effects for the fish. Increases in DHA levels in fish fed a diet containing 10% salicornia were also shown. Therefore, the results suggest that salicornia by-products are a viable alternative to partially replace wheat meal in diets for juvenile European seabass, contributing to the valorization of a residue and the implementation of a circular economy paradigm in halophyte farming and aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Barreto
- Riasearch Lda, Cais da Ribeira de Pardelhas, no. 21, 3870-168 Murtosa, Portugal; (D.J.); (A.L.); (B.S.); (R.J.M.R.)
| | - Ana Couto
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (A.C.); (C.N.); (B.C.)
| | - Daniel Jerónimo
- Riasearch Lda, Cais da Ribeira de Pardelhas, no. 21, 3870-168 Murtosa, Portugal; (D.J.); (A.L.); (B.S.); (R.J.M.R.)
| | - Adriana Laranjeira
- Riasearch Lda, Cais da Ribeira de Pardelhas, no. 21, 3870-168 Murtosa, Portugal; (D.J.); (A.L.); (B.S.); (R.J.M.R.)
| | - Bruna Silva
- Riasearch Lda, Cais da Ribeira de Pardelhas, no. 21, 3870-168 Murtosa, Portugal; (D.J.); (A.L.); (B.S.); (R.J.M.R.)
| | - Catarina Nunes
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (A.C.); (C.N.); (B.C.)
| | - Ana C. S. Veríssimo
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.C.S.V.); (D.C.G.A.P.)
| | - Diana C. G. A. Pinto
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.C.S.V.); (D.C.G.A.P.)
| | - Jorge Dias
- Sparos Lda, Área Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, 8700-221 Olhão, Portugal;
| | - Mário Pacheco
- CESAM, Departamento de Biologia, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Benjamin Costas
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (A.C.); (C.N.); (B.C.)
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui J. M. Rocha
- Riasearch Lda, Cais da Ribeira de Pardelhas, no. 21, 3870-168 Murtosa, Portugal; (D.J.); (A.L.); (B.S.); (R.J.M.R.)
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