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Liu L, Sui Y, Wang T, Li X, Chen L, Shi M. Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of pectin from Actinidia arguta Sieb.et Zucc ( A. arguta) extracted by ultrasonic. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1349162. [PMID: 38660064 PMCID: PMC11041822 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1349162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Pectin was extracted from Actinidia arguta Sieb. et Zucc (A.arguta) using the ultrasound-assisted acid method and the single acid method. The physicochemical properties, structure, and antioxidant properties of two different pectins were investigated. The results showed that the extraction yield of the ultrasound-assisted acid method is higher than that of the single acid method. The molecular structure of A. arguta pectin extracted by the ultrasound-assisted acid method belongs to a mixed structure of RG-I and HG-type domains. Through structural feature analysis, the ultrasound-assisted extraction pectin (UAP) has a more branched structure than the single acid-extracted pectin (SAP). The SAP has a higher degree of esterification than the UAP. The physical property results show that the viscosity, solubility, and water-holding capacity of the UAP are better than those of the SAP. The antioxidant test results show that the hydroxyl radical scavenging and reducing powers of the UAP are superior to those of the SAP. This study shows the composition, physicochemical properties, and antioxidant activity of A. arguta pectin extracted by the ultrasonic-assisted extraction method to provide a theoretical basis for its application as an antioxidant and other food additives in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqi Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuhan Sui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun, China
| | - Tienan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun, China
| | - Lina Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun, China
| | - Mao Shi
- Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, China
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An L, Chang G, Zhang L, Wang P, Gao W, Li X. Pectin: Health-promoting properties as a natural galectin-3 inhibitor. Glycoconj J 2024; 41:93-118. [PMID: 38630380 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-024-10152-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Galectin-3 has a variety of important pathophysiological significance in the human body. Much evidence shows that the abnormal expression of galectin-3 is related to the formation and development of many diseases. Pectin is mostly obtained from processed citrus fruits and apples and is a known natural inhibitor of galactin-3. A large number of peels produced each year are discarded, and it is necessary to recycle some of the economically valuable active compounds in these by-products to reduce resource waste and environmental pollution. By binding with galectin-3, pectin can directly reduce the expression level of galectin-3 on the one hand, and regulate the expression level of cytokines by regulating certain signaling pathways on the other hand, to achieve the effect of treating diseases. This paper begins by presenting an overview of the basic structure of pectin, subsequently followed by a description of the structure of galectin-3 and its detrimental impact on human health when expressed abnormally. The health effects of pectin as a galectin-3 inhibitor were then summarized from the perspectives of anticancer, anti-inflammatory, ameliorating fibrotic diseases, and anti-diabetes. Finally, the challenges and prospects of future research on pectin are presented, which provide important references for expanding the application of pectin in the pharmaceutical industry or developing functional dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhuo An
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Guanglu Chang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Resources Research Enterprises, Tianjin, 300402, China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Pengwang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Xia Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China.
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Kleijn AF, Mutter M, Akingbasote JA, Meetro J, Simon RR, Muntendam P, Frommhagen M, Schols HA. Toxicological evaluation of a pumpkin-derived pectin preparation: in vitro genotoxicity studies and a 13-week oral toxicity study in Sprague-Dawley rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae004. [PMID: 38274036 PMCID: PMC10807847 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The safety of a rhamnogalacturonan-I-enriched pectin extract (G3P-01) from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata var. Dickinson) was evaluated for use as an ingredient in food and dietary supplements. G3P-01 was tested in a battery of genetic toxicity studies including reverse mutagenicity and in vitro micronucleus assay. In addition, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized and orally dosed with G3P-01 incorporated in animal diet at concentrations of 0, 9000, 18,000, and 36,000 ppm daily for 13-weeks (n=10/sex/group) in line with OECD guidelines (TG 408). The results of the in vitro bacterial reverse mutation assay and micronucleus assay in TK6 cells demonstrated a lack of genotoxicity. The 13-week oral toxicity study in Sprague-Dawley rats demonstrated that the test article, G3P-01 was well tolerated; there were no mortalities and no adverse effects on clinical, gross pathology, hematology, blood chemistry, and histological evaluation of the essential organs of the animals. The present study demonstrates that G3P-01 is non-genotoxic and is safe when ingested in diet at concentrations up to 36, 000 ppm. The subchronic no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for G3P-01 was concluded to be 36,000 ppm, equivalent to 1,899 and 2,361 mg/kg/day for male and female rats respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne F Kleijn
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, Wageningen, WG 6708, The Netherlands
| | - Margien Mutter
- G3P Inc., 20 Mall Road Suite 220, Burlington, MA 01803, United States
| | - James A Akingbasote
- Intertek Health Sciences Inc., Food and Nutrition Group, 2233 Argentia Road, Suite 201, Mississauga, ON L5N 2X7, Canada
| | - Jwar Meetro
- Intertek Health Sciences Inc., Food and Nutrition Group, 2233 Argentia Road, Suite 201, Mississauga, ON L5N 2X7, Canada
| | - Ryan R Simon
- Intertek Health Sciences Inc., Food and Nutrition Group, 2233 Argentia Road, Suite 201, Mississauga, ON L5N 2X7, Canada
| | - Pieter Muntendam
- G3P Inc., 20 Mall Road Suite 220, Burlington, MA 01803, United States
| | - Matthias Frommhagen
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Nestlé Research, Route du Jorat 57, CH-1000, Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Henk A Schols
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, Wageningen, WG 6708, The Netherlands
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Pak U, Cheng H, Liu X, Wang Y, Ho C, Ri H, Xu J, Qi X, Yu H. Structural characterization and anti-oxidation activity of pectic polysaccharides from Swertia mileensis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125896. [PMID: 37481190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we isolated the pectic polysaccharide WSMP-A2b (37 kDa) from the stems and leaves of Swertia mileensis, and we investigated its compositional/structural features and antioxidant activity. FT-IR, NMR, monosaccharide composition, enzymatic hydrolysis and methylation analyses indicated that WSMP-A2b is composed of rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I), rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II) and homogalacturonan (HG) domains with mass ratios of 2.1:1.0:2.2. The RG-I domain is primarily substituted with α-L-1,5-arabinan and type II arabinogalactan (AG-II) side chains, as well as minor contributions of β-D-1,4-galactan and/or type I arabinogalactan (AG-I) side chains. The HG domain was released in the form of un-esterified and partly methyl-esterified and/or acetyl-esterified oligogalacturonides with a 1 to 7 degree of polymerization after endo-polygalacturonase degradation. WSMP-A2b showed stronger antioxidant activity in vitro, in part this might due to the presence of galacturonic acid (GalA). In addition, WSMP-A2b exerted a protective effect on tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP)-induced oxidative stress in INS-1 cells by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and increasing the glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio. Our results provide crucial structural information on this pectic polysaccharide from Swertia mileensis, thus prompting further investigation into its structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- UnHak Pak
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Department of Chemistry, Kim Hyong Jik University of Education, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Clinics, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xianbin Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yuwen Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - ChungHyok Ho
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Department of Chemistry, Kim Hyong Jik University of Education, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - HyonIl Ri
- Department of Chemistry, Kim Hyong Jik University of Education, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaodan Qi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, China; Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Haitao Yu
- Department of Biology Genetics, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, China.
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Inthalaeng N, Dugmore TIJ, Matharu AS. Production of Hydrogels from Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Fractionation of Blackcurrant Pomace. Gels 2023; 9:674. [PMID: 37754357 PMCID: PMC10530458 DOI: 10.3390/gels9090674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The exploitation of unavoidable food supply chain wastes resulting from primary and secondary processing for chemicals, materials, and bioenergy is an important concept in the drive towards circular-based, resource-efficient biorefineries rather than petroleum refineries. The potential production of hydrogels (materials) from unavoidable food supply chain wastes, which are naturally rich in biopolymers such as cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, and lignin, represents an interesting opportunity. However, these intertwined and interconnected biopolymers require separation and deconstruction prior to any useful application. Thus, this study aims to explore the formation of hydrogels from defibrillated celluloses (MW-DFCs) produced via acid-free stepwise microwave hydrothermal processing of blackcurrant pomace residues. Initially, pectin was removed from blackcurrant pomace residues (MW, 100-160 °C), and the resultant depectinated residues were reprocessed at 160 °C. The pectin yield increased from 2.36 wt.% (MW, 100 °C) to 3.07 wt.% (MW, 140 °C) and then decreased to 2.05 wt.% (MW, 160 °C). The isolated pectins were characterized by attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and 13C NMR (D2O). The cellulosic-rich residues were reprocessed (MW, 160 °C) and further characterized by ATR-IR, TGA, and Klason lignin analysis. All the MW-DFCs contained significant lignin content, which prevented hydrogel formation. However, subsequent bleaching (H2O2/OH-) afforded off-white samples with improved gelling ability at the concentration of 5% w/v. Confocal laser microscopy (CLSM) revealed the removal of lignin and a more pronounced cellulosic-rich material. In conclusion, the microwave-assisted defibrillation of blackcurrant pomace, an exploitable unavoidable food supply chain waste, affords cellulosic-rich materials with the propensity to form hydrogels which may serve useful applications when put back into food products, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and home and personal care products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Avtar S. Matharu
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK; (N.I.); (T.I.J.D.)
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