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Al-Bdairi AA, Makki HA, Shawki O, Alkhudair SH, Al-Hilli NM, Alkhalidi BA, Alkadhim HK, Shweliyya AA. The Multi-faceted Effects of COVID-19 on Female Reproductive Health: An Updated Narrative Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e57944. [PMID: 38738039 PMCID: PMC11082527 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Concerns about the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic's possible impact on sexual and reproductive health have grown significantly. In this narrative review, the latest research on the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on several facets of sexual and reproductive health is reviewed. The review starts initially by going through the possible consequences of SARS-CoV-2 on female menstrual cycles. The virus may interfere with the menstrual cycle, which could affect hormone synthesis and endometrial reactions, according to newly available evidence. Menstrual blood loss may be impacted by COVID-19's potential to influence endothelial cell function and systemic hemostasis. Hypothalamic amenorrhea may be brought on by severe COVID-19 disease. There is little research on this subject, although most women resume their regular menstrual cycles after 1-2 months of recuperation. The review also examines how SARS-CoV-2 infection may affect assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatments. There are few clinical data, although some research points to potential effects on embryo quality. Overall, ART results, however, did not materially change from the time before the epidemic. Obstetric problems are more likely when SARS-CoV-2 infection occurs during pregnancy, especially in the third trimester. Even though the maternal death rate is still low, pregnant women, especially those with comorbidities, are more likely to experience serious sickness. The review emphasizes how the COVID-19 vaccine affects menstrual cycles, showing brief, modest modifications without serious health hazards. Also included are the psychological effects of family planning choices during the pandemic. In conclusion, this narrative review offers a thorough assessment of the complicated and changing effects of SARS-CoV-2 on sexual and reproductive health. The different requirements of people and couples during and after the pandemic are highlighted, underscoring the necessity for ongoing study and specialized healthcare practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan A Al-Bdairi
- Infertility, Assisted Reproductive Technologies, Teba IVF and Genetic Center, Babylon, IRQ
| | - Hayder A Makki
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Babylon, IRQ
| | - Osama Shawki
- Gynecology Surgery, School of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, EGY
| | - Sallama H Alkhudair
- Fertility, Assisted Reproductive Technology, Alzaitoon Specialized Fertility Center, Baghdad, IRQ
| | - Nadia M Al-Hilli
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Babylon, Babylon, IRQ
| | - Batool A Alkhalidi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Kufa, Najaf, IRQ
| | - Hanan K Alkadhim
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iraqi Fertility Society, College of Medicine, University of Babylon, Babylon, IRQ
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Tran TH, Mai TT, Ho TTT, Le TND, Cao TCN, Thai KM, Tran TS. Inhibition of Pancreatic Lipase by Flavonoid Derivatives: In Vitro and In Silico Investigations. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2024; 2024:6655996. [PMID: 38298460 PMCID: PMC10830309 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6655996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity, characterized by excessive adipose tissue accumulation, has emerged as a crucial determinant for a wide range of chronic medical conditions. The identification of effective interventions for obesity is of utmost importance. Widely researched antiobesity agents focus on pancreatic lipase, a significant therapeutic target. This study presented the evaluation of ten flavonoid compounds in terms of their inhibitory activities against pancreatic lipase, utilizing both in vitro and in silico approaches. The results indicated that all tested compounds demonstrated modest and weaker inhibitory activities compared to the reference compound, orlistat. Among the compounds investigated, F01 exhibited the highest potency, with an IC50 value of 17.68 ± 1.43 µM. The enzymatic inhibition kinetic analysis revealed that F01 operated through a competitive inhibition mechanism with a determined Ki of 7.16 μM. This value suggested a moderate binding affinity for the pancreatic lipase enzyme. Furthermore, the associated Vmax value was quantified at 0.03272 ΔA·min-1. In silico studies revealed that F01 displayed a binding mode similar to that of orlistat, despite lacking an active functional group capable of forming a covalent bond with Ser152 of the catalytic triad. However, F01 formed a hydrogen bond with this crucial amino acid. Furthermore, F01 interacted with other significant residues at the enzyme's active site, particularly those within the lid domain. Based on these findings, F01 demonstrates substantial potential as a candidate for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- The-Huan Tran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Thanh-Tan Mai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thi-Thu-Trang Ho
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | | | - Thi-Cam-Nhung Cao
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Khac-Minh Thai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thai-Son Tran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue 530000, Vietnam
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3
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Pavlidou E, Papadopoulou SK, Antasouras G, Vorvolakos T, Alexatou O, Tsourouflis G, Angelakou EP, Serdari A, Grammatikopoulou MG, Psara E, Vadikolias K, Dakanalis A, Lefantzis N, Giaginis C. Association of COVID-19 Infection with Sociodemographic, Anthropometric and Lifestyle Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study in an Older Adults' Population Aged over 65 Years Old. Diseases 2023; 11:165. [PMID: 37987276 PMCID: PMC10660554 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11040165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has led to unfavorable disruptions to daily living routines by exerting deleterious effects on several aspects of human mental and physical health and quality of life worldwide. The purpose of the current survey is to explore the potential association of COVID-19 infection with multiple sociodemographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle factors of community-dwelling older adults. METHODS This is a cross-sectional survey including 5197 older adults aged over 65 years old from 10 geographically diverse regions of Greece. Relevant questionnaires were used to record study the population sociodemographic factor, while anthropometric parameters were also measured. Validated questionnaires were also applied to assess several lifestyle factors such as depression, anxiety, stress, cognitive status, sleep quality, health-related quality of life, physical activity levels, and Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence. RESULTS In multivariate regression analysis, COVID-19 infection was significantly, independently related with urban residence (p = 0.0107), regular smoking (p = 0.0218), overweight status and obesity (p = 0.0036), as well as abdominal obesity (p = 0.0008), higher risk of depression (p = 0.0027), anxiety (p = 0.0045), stress (p = 0.0038), inadequate sleep quality (p = 0.0108), lower physical activity levels (p = 0.0012), reduced MD compliance (p = 0.0009), and poor health-related quality of life (p = 0.0002). In univariate analysis, older adults' age (p = 0.0001), male gender (p = 0.0015), living alone (p = 0.0023), lower educational and economic level (p = 0.0175 and p = 0.0294, respectively), and cognition decline (p = 0.0032) were also related with the presence of COVID-19 infection; however, these associations were considerably attenuated at a non-significant level by adjustment for several confounders in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS This is one of the few available studies supporting evidence that COVID-19 infection may be associated with diverse sociodemographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle factors in an older adults' population in Greece. This study highlights the strong demand to provide psychological and nutritional counselling and support to older adults diagnosed with COVID-19 infection in order to ameliorate disease symptoms and severity, emphasizing the adaptation of healthy dietary and lifestyle habits as preventing and supplementary therapeutic factors against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Pavlidou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece; (E.P.); (G.A.); (O.A.); (E.-P.A.); (E.P.); (C.G.)
| | - Sousana K. Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Antasouras
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece; (E.P.); (G.A.); (O.A.); (E.-P.A.); (E.P.); (C.G.)
| | - Theofanis Vorvolakos
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandoupoli, Greece;
| | - Olga Alexatou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece; (E.P.); (G.A.); (O.A.); (E.-P.A.); (E.P.); (C.G.)
| | - Gerasimos Tsourouflis
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Exakousti-Petroula Angelakou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece; (E.P.); (G.A.); (O.A.); (E.-P.A.); (E.P.); (C.G.)
| | - Aspasia Serdari
- Department of Psychiatry and Child Psychiatry, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupoli, Greece;
| | - Maria G. Grammatikopoulou
- Unit of Immunonutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Evmorfia Psara
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece; (E.P.); (G.A.); (O.A.); (E.-P.A.); (E.P.); (C.G.)
| | - Konstantinos Vadikolias
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupoli, Greece;
| | - Antonios Dakanalis
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy;
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Via Cadore 38, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Nikolaos Lefantzis
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical School, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Chaidari, 12462 Athens, Greece;
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece; (E.P.); (G.A.); (O.A.); (E.-P.A.); (E.P.); (C.G.)
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Cho AR, Suh E, Oh H, Cho BH, Gil M, Lee YK. Low Muscle and High Fat Percentages Are Associated with Low Natural Killer Cell Activity: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12505. [PMID: 37569879 PMCID: PMC10419953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether body fat and muscle percentages are associated with natural killer cell activity (NKA). This was a cross-sectional study, conducted on 8058 subjects in a medical center in Korea. The association between the muscle and fat percentage tertiles and a low NKA, defined as an interferon-gamma level lower than 500 pg/mL, was assessed. In both men and women, the muscle mass and muscle percentage were significantly low in participants with a low NKA, whereas the fat percentage, white blood cell count, and C-reactive protein (CRP) level were significantly high in those with a low NKA. Compared with the lowest muscle percentage tertile as a reference, the fully adjusted odd ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) for a low NKA were significantly lower in T2 (OR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.55-0.86) and T3 (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.57-0.95) of men, and T3 (OR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.59-0.99) of women. Compared with the lowest fat percentage tertile as a reference, the fully adjusted OR was significantly higher in T3 of men (OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.01-1.69). A high muscle percentage was significantly inversely associated with a low NKA in men and women, whereas a high fat percentage was significantly associated with a low NKA in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Ra Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea;
| | - Eunkyung Suh
- Chaum Life Center, CHA University, Seoul 06062, Republic of Korea; (E.S.); (H.O.)
| | - Hyoju Oh
- Chaum Life Center, CHA University, Seoul 06062, Republic of Korea; (E.S.); (H.O.)
| | - Baek Hwan Cho
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea;
| | - Minchan Gil
- NKMAX Co., Ltd., Seongnam 13605, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yun-Kyong Lee
- Chaum Life Center, CHA University, Seoul 06062, Republic of Korea; (E.S.); (H.O.)
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5
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Maranto M, Zaami S, Restivo V, Termini D, Gangemi A, Tumminello M, Culmone S, Billone V, Cucinella G, Gullo G. Symptomatic COVID-19 in Pregnancy: Hospital Cohort Data between May 2020 and April 2021, Risk Factors and Medicolegal Implications. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13061009. [PMID: 36980317 PMCID: PMC10047111 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13061009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy does not appear to increase susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, but some physiological changes, such as the reduction of residual functional volumes, elevation of the diaphragm, and impaired cellular immunity, may increase the risk of severe disease and result in a higher risk of complications. The article’s primary objective is to evaluate the factors associated with symptomatic COVID-19 disease in pregnancy. The secondary objective is to describe maternal and neonatal outcomes and cases of vertical transmission of the infection. All pregnant women hospitalized with SARS-CoV2 infection were included in a prospective study in the UOC of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AOOR Villa Sofia—Cervello, Palermo, between May 2020 and April 2021. The patients who requested the termination of the pregnancy according to Law 194/78 were excluded. We included 165 pregnancies with a total number of 134 deliveries. Overall, 88.5% of the patients were asymptomatic at the time of admission and 11.5% were symptomatic. Of them, 1.8% of the patients required hospital admission in the intensive care unit. Symptoms occurrences were positively associated with the increase in maternal BMI (OR 1.17; p = 0.002), the prematurity (OR 4.71; p = 0.022), and at a lower birth weight (OR 0.99; p = 0.007). One infant tested positive for SARS-CoV2 nasopharyngeal swab; 11.4% of newborns had IgG anti SARS-CoV2 at birth; IgM was positive in 2.4% of newborns. There was no difference statistically significant difference in the vertical transmission of the infection among the group of symptomatic pregnant women and that of asymptomatic pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Maranto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Villa Sofia Cervello Hospital, University of Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Zaami
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Restivo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Donatella Termini
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Villa Sofia Cervello Hospital, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Gangemi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Villa Sofia Cervello Hospital, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Tumminello
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Villa Sofia Cervello Hospital, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvia Culmone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Villa Sofia Cervello Hospital, University of Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Billone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Villa Sofia Cervello Hospital, University of Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaspare Cucinella
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Villa Sofia Cervello Hospital, University of Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gullo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Villa Sofia Cervello Hospital, University of Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Chirinos JA, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Dávila-Del-Carpio GH, Bizri AR, Andrade-Villanueva JF, Salman O, Cure-Cure C, Rosado-Santander NR, Cornejo Giraldo MP, González-Hernández LA, Moghnieh R, Angeliki R, Cruz Saldarriaga ME, Pariona M, Medina C, Dimitroulis I, Vlachopoulos C, Gutierrez C, Rodriguez-Mori JE, Gomez-Laiton E, Cotrina Pereyra R, Ravelo Hernández JL, Arbañil H, Accini-Mendoza J, Pérez-Mayorga M, Milionis C, Poulakou G, Sánchez G, Valdivia-Vega R, Villavicencio-Carranza M, Ayala-García RJ, Castro-Callirgos CA, Alfaro Carrasco RM, Garrido Lecca Danos W, Sharkoski T, Greene K, Pourmussa B, Greczylo C, Ortega-Legaspi J, Jacoby D, Chittams J, Katsaounou P, Alexiou Z, Sympardi S, Sweitzer NK, Putt M, Cohen JB. A randomized clinical trial of lipid metabolism modulation with fenofibrate for acute coronavirus disease 2019. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1847-1857. [PMID: 36344766 PMCID: PMC9640855 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00698-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cytotoxicity may involve inhibition of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha. Fenofibrate activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro. Whether fenofibrate can be used to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in humans remains unknown. Here, we randomly assigned inpatients and outpatients with COVID-19 within 14 d of symptom onset to 145 mg of oral fenofibrate nanocrystal formulation versus placebo for 10 d, in a double-blinded fashion. The primary endpoint was a severity score whereby participants were ranked across hierarchical tiers incorporating time to death, mechanical ventilation duration, oxygenation, hospitalization and symptom severity and duration. In total, 701 participants were randomized to fenofibrate (n = 351) or placebo (n = 350). The mean age of participants was 49 ± 16 years, 330 (47%) were female, mean body mass index was 28 ± 6 kg/m2 and 102 (15%) had diabetes. Death occurred in 41 participants. Compared with placebo, fenofibrate had no effect on the primary endpoint. The median (interquartile range) rank in the placebo arm was 347 (172, 453) versus 345 (175, 453) in the fenofibrate arm (P = 0.819). There was no difference in secondary and exploratory endpoints, including all-cause death, across arms. There were 61 (17%) adverse events in the placebo arm compared with 46 (13%) in the fenofibrate arm, with slightly higher incidence of gastrointestinal side effects in the fenofibrate group. Overall, among patients with COVID-19, fenofibrate has no significant effect on various clinically relevant outcomes ( NCT04517396 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio A Chirinos
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo
- Instituto de Investigación MASIRA, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Evangelos J Giamarellos-Bourboulis
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School and Hellenic Institute for the Study of Sepsis, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Oday Salman
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School and Hellenic Institute for the Study of Sepsis, Athens, Greece
- Department of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | | | | | - Luz A González-Hernández
- Unidad de VIH, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara and Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Rima Moghnieh
- Department of Medicine, Makassed General Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rapti Angeliki
- 6th Department of Pulmonary Medicine, SOTIRIA Athens General Hospital of Chest Disease, Athens, Greece
| | - María E Cruz Saldarriaga
- Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Tropicales, Hospital Nacional Adolfo Guevara Velasco, Cuzco, Peru
| | - Marcos Pariona
- Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Carola Medina
- Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Ioannis Dimitroulis
- 6th Department of Pulmonary Medicine, SOTIRIA Athens General Hospital of Chest Disease, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalambos Vlachopoulos
- 1st Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School,, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Juan E Rodriguez-Mori
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Nacional Alberto Sabogal Sologuren, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Charalampos Milionis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ioannina University General Hospital, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Garyfallia Poulakou
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tiffany Sharkoski
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School and Hellenic Institute for the Study of Sepsis, Athens, Greece
| | - Katherine Greene
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School and Hellenic Institute for the Study of Sepsis, Athens, Greece
| | - Bianca Pourmussa
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School and Hellenic Institute for the Study of Sepsis, Athens, Greece
| | - Candy Greczylo
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School and Hellenic Institute for the Study of Sepsis, Athens, Greece
| | - Juan Ortega-Legaspi
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School and Hellenic Institute for the Study of Sepsis, Athens, Greece
| | - Douglas Jacoby
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School and Hellenic Institute for the Study of Sepsis, Athens, Greece
| | - Jesse Chittams
- Biostatistics Analysis Core, Office of Nursing Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paraskevi Katsaounou
- Section of Pneumonology and Respiratory Failure, 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Zoi Alexiou
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, THRIASIO Eleusis General Hospital, Eleusis, Greece
| | - Styliani Sympardi
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, THRIASIO Eleusis General Hospital, Eleusis, Greece
| | - Nancy K Sweitzer
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Mary Putt
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jordana B Cohen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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7
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Rupp SK, Weimer K, Goebel-Stengel M, Enck P, Zipfel S, Stengel A. Genetics, shared environment, or individual experience? A cross-sectional study of the health status following SARS-CoV-2 infection in monozygotic and dizygotic twins. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1048676. [PMID: 36506417 PMCID: PMC9729738 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1048676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical presentation of COVID-19 shows a remarkably broad spectrum of symptoms. Although studies with adult twins on SARS-CoV-2 infection are rare so far, the fact that there is a genetic component associated with the highly variable clinical outcomes of COVID-19 has already been highlighted in recent studies investigating potential candidate genes and polymorphisms. This is the first study of adult monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins concordantly affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection to estimate variances explained by genetic, shared, and individual environmental components of both somatic and psychological symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were collected from 10 adult twin pairs (5 MZ, 5 DZ) in which both twins already had a SARS-CoV-2 infection. A self-designed questionnaire, the Barthel Index, and the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) were used to assess various symptoms and health status following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Intra-class correlations were calculated, and the Falconer formula was used to quantify and differentiate the percentages of genetic influences as well as common environment and personal experiences on the examined traits. In addition, potential factors influencing symptom burden were examined and discussed. RESULTS We found high estimated heritability for mental impairment after SARS-CoV-2 infection (h 2 = 1.158) and for general fatigue (h 2 = 1.258). For symptom burden, reduced activity, and reduced motivation the individual environment appears to have the strongest influence. Other fatigue symptoms are influenced by genetic effects which range between 42.8 and 69.4%. CONCLUSION Both genetics and individual environment play a role in health status after SARS-CoV-2 infection-mental status could be influenced primarily by genetic make-up, whereas for symptom burden and certain fatigue dimensions, non-shared environment could play a more critical role. Possible individual factors influencing the course of the disease were identified. However, gene-environment interactions may still be a source of differences between twins, and the search for candidate genes remains crucial on the road to personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Kristina Rupp
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katja Weimer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Miriam Goebel-Stengel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Clinic for Internal Medicine, Helios Clinic Rottweil, Rottweil, Germany
| | - Paul Enck
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Stengel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Rossetti CL, Cazarin J, Hecht F, Beltrão FEDL, Ferreira ACF, Fortunato RS, Ramos HE, de Carvalho DP. COVID-19 and thyroid function: What do we know so far? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1041676. [PMID: 36601011 PMCID: PMC9806267 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1041676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was characterized as a pandemic in March, 2020 by the World Health Organization. COVID-19 is a respiratory syndrome that can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiorgan dysfunction, and eventually death. Despite being considered a respiratory disease, it is known that other organs and systems can be affected in COVID-19, including the thyroid gland. Thyroid gland, as well as hypothalamus and pituitary, which regulate the functioning of most endocrine glands, express angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the main protein that functions as a receptor to which SARS-CoV-2 binds to enter host cells. In addition, thyroid gland is extremely sensitive to changes in body homeostasis and metabolism. Immune system cells are targets for thyroid hormones and T3 and T4 modulate specific immune responses, including cell-mediated immunity, natural killer cell activity, the antiviral action of interferon (IFN) and proliferation of T- and B-lymphocytes. However, studies show that patients with controlled hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism do not have a higher prevalence of COVID-19, nor do they have a worse prognosis when infected with the virus. On the other hand, retrospective observational studies, prospective studies, and case reports published in the last two years reported abnormal thyroid function related to acute SARS-CoV-2 infection or even several weeks after its resolution. Indeed, a variety of thyroid disorders have been documented in COVID-19 patients, including non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS), subacute thyroiditis and thyrotoxicosis. In addition, thyroid disease has already been reported as a consequence of the administration of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Overall, the data revealed that abnormal thyroid function may occur during and in the convalescence post-COVID condition phase. Although the cellular and molecular mechanisms are not completely understood, the evidence suggests that the "cytokine storm" is an important mediator in this context. Thus, future studies are needed to better investigate the pathophysiology of thyroid dysfunction induced by COVID-19 at both molecular and clinical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Lüdke Rossetti
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana Cazarin
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabio Hecht
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabyan Esberard de Lima Beltrão
- Postgraduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Andrea Cláudia Freitas Ferreira
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Campus Duque de Caxias Professor Geraldo Cidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Soares Fortunato
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Helton Estrela Ramos
- Department of Biorregulation, Health Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Helton Estrela Ramos,
| | - Denise Pires de Carvalho
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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