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Xiong X, Liu Z, Che X, Zhang X, Li X, Gao W. Chemical composition, pharmacological activity and development strategies of Rubus chingii: A review. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2024; 16:313-326. [PMID: 39072206 PMCID: PMC11283228 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Raspberries are used for both food and medicine, but it has not yet attracted widespread attention. In this paper, the chemical constituen of the original plant raspberry. R. chingii is one of the new "Zhe Bawei" medicinal materials selected in 2017. "Zhe Bawei" refers to eight kinds of genuine medicinal materials in Zhejiang Province. The chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, processing, and application of Rubus chingii Hu were reviewed to provide a reference for its further development. Relevant literature in recent years was collected in databases such as China Knowledge Network, Web of Science, Elsevier, PubMed, and X-Mol, using "raspberry", "Rubus chingii", "traditional use", "chemical composition", "pharmacology", etc. as keywords individually or in combination. The summary of pharmacological activities shows that the relationship between the pharmacological activities of raspberry is still not deep enough. More in-depth research should be carried out in this direction to explore the mechanism of action of its active ingredients and provide effective reference for the further development of the raspberry industry. In the future, with the participation of more researchers, it is expected to develop innovative drugs based on raspberry for the treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmei Xiong
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300110, China
| | - Xiance Che
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Xuemin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Chinese Medicine Resources Research Enterprises, Tianjin 300402, China
| | - Xia Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300110, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301600, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300110, China
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2
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Carvalho F, Lahlou RA, Silva LR. Phenolic Compounds from Cherries and Berries for Chronic Disease Management and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction. Nutrients 2024; 16:1597. [PMID: 38892529 PMCID: PMC11174419 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Therefore, there is increasing interest in dietary interventions to reduce risk factors associated with these conditions. Cherries and berries are rich sources of bioactive compounds and have attracted attention for their potential cardiovascular benefits. This review summarises the current research on the effects of cherry and berry consumption on cardiovascular health, including in vivo studies and clinical trials. These red fruits are rich in phenolic compounds, such as anthocyanins and flavonoids, which have multiple bioactive properties. These properties include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and vasodilatory effects. Studies suggest that regular consumption of these fruits may reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, leading to lower blood pressure, improved lipid profiles, and enhanced endothelial function. However, interpreting findings and establishing optimal dosages is a challenge due to the variability in fruit composition, processing methods, and study design. Despite these limitations, the evidence highlights the potential of cherries and berries as components of preventive strategies against CVD. Further research is needed to maximise their health benefits and improve clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Carvalho
- SPRINT—Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; (F.C.); (R.A.L.)
| | - Radhia Aitfella Lahlou
- SPRINT—Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; (F.C.); (R.A.L.)
| | - Luís R. Silva
- SPRINT—Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; (F.C.); (R.A.L.)
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- CERES, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
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Marino M, Gardana C, Rendine M, Klimis-Zacas D, Riso P, Porrini M, Del Bo’ C. Nutritional and Phytochemical Characterization of Freeze-Dried Raspberry ( Rubus idaeus): A Comprehensive Analysis. Foods 2024; 13:1051. [PMID: 38611356 PMCID: PMC11011873 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Several studies have highlighted the beneficial effects of consuming red raspberries on human health thanks to their high content of phytochemicals. However, the products used in these studies, both in the raw or freeze-dried form, were not fully characterized for nutrient and phytochemical composition. In this study, we aimed to determine the nutrient and non-nutrient compounds present in a freeze-dried red raspberry powder widely used by the food industry and consumers. The main sugars identified were fructose (12%), glucose (11%), and sucrose (11%). Twelve fatty acids were detected, with linoleic acid (46%), α-linolenic acid (20%), and oleic acid (15%) being the most abundant. Regarding micronutrients, vitamin C was the main hydro-soluble vitamin, while minerals, potassium, phosphorous, copper and magnesium were the most abundant, with concentrations ranging from 9 up to 96 mg/100 g, followed by manganese, iron and zinc, detected in the range 0.1-0.9 mg/100 g. Phytochemical analysis using UHPLC-DAD-HR-MS detection revealed the presence of Sanguiin H6 (0.4%), Lambertianin C (0.05%), and Sanguiin H-10 isomers (0.9%) as the main compounds. Among anthocyanins, the most representative compounds were cyanidin-3-sophoroside, cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-sambubioside. Our findings can serve as a reliable resource for the food industry, nutraceutical applications and for future investigations in the context of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Marino
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; (C.G.); (M.R.); (P.R.); (M.P.); (C.D.B.)
| | - Claudio Gardana
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; (C.G.); (M.R.); (P.R.); (M.P.); (C.D.B.)
| | - Marco Rendine
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; (C.G.); (M.R.); (P.R.); (M.P.); (C.D.B.)
| | - Dorothy Klimis-Zacas
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, 232 Hitchner Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA;
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; (C.G.); (M.R.); (P.R.); (M.P.); (C.D.B.)
| | - Marisa Porrini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; (C.G.); (M.R.); (P.R.); (M.P.); (C.D.B.)
| | - Cristian Del Bo’
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; (C.G.); (M.R.); (P.R.); (M.P.); (C.D.B.)
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Qian C, Li H, Hou Z, Liang Z. Effects of different drying methods on Rubus chingii Hu fruit during processing. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24512. [PMID: 38312685 PMCID: PMC10835160 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the dried fruits of Rubus chingii Hu (Chinese name: Fu-Pen-Zi; FPZ) were processed and dried by three methods-in the shade, the sun, and the oven. The composition regarding the standard ingredient, color, and antioxidant capacities were investigated pro- and post-processing. The technique of headspace-solid-phase-microextraction-gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and flavoromics were used to analyze the flavor-conferring metabolites of FPZ. The results obtained revealed that the highest use value and antioxidant capacities were detected in the FPZ fruits processed and dried in the shade. A total of 358 metabolites were detected from them mainly consisting of terpenoids, heterocyclic compounds, and esters. In differential analysis, the down-regulation of the metabolites was much greater than their up-regulation after all three drying methods. In an evaluation of the characteristic compounds and flavors produced after the three methods, there were variations mainly regarding the green and fruity odors. Therefore, considerable insights may be obtained for the development of novel agricultural methods and applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries by analyzing and comparing the variations in the chemical composition detected pre- and post-processing of the FPZ fruits. This paper provides a scientific basis for quality control in fruits and their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Qian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Hongfa Li
- Hanguang Primary Processing Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 311700, China
| | - Zhuoni Hou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
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Gheorghita RE, Lupaescu AV, Gâtlan AM, Dabija D, Lobiuc A, Iatcu OC, Buculei A, Andriesi A, Dabija A. Biopolymers-Based Macrogels with Applications in the Food Industry: Capsules with Berry Juice for Functional Food Products. Gels 2024; 10:71. [PMID: 38247793 PMCID: PMC10815192 DOI: 10.3390/gels10010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study focused on the development of gel-based capsules from sodium alginate and the fresh juice from different berries: chokeberry, sea buckthorn, and blueberry. Obtained through the extrusion method, the macrocapsules were added into yogurt, a well-known and consumed dairy product. In order to establish the changes that can occur for the food product, the samples were tested over 7 and 15 days of storage in refrigeration conditions. According to the results, the antioxidant activity increased during storage and gels can represent a good option for bioactive substances' encapsulation. Sensorial analysis performed indicated that consumers are open to consuming yogurt berry capsules and, according to the results observed in the scientific literature, they no longer rejected the product due to the bitterness and sourness of sea buckthorn or aronia. Sea buckthorn capsules were brighter (L*) than chokeberry and blueberry capsules due to carotene content and dark colors. Minimal diameter variations and small standard deviations (SD = 0.25/0.33) suggest that extrusion methods and the Caviar box are good for gel capsule development. Yogurt luminosity varied with capsules; control had the highest, followed by sea buckthorn yogurt. Samples with chokeberry and blueberry (dark) capsules had lower luminosity. Over 8 and 15 days, luminosity slightly decreased, while a* and b* (hue and saturation) increased. Post-storage, the sample with chokeberry capsules showed a light purple color, indicating color transfer from capsules, with increased antioxidant activity. Differences between the samples and control were less pronounced in the sample with sea buckthorn capsules. Values for color differences between yogurt samples during the storage period revealed the most significant difference during the first storage period (day 1-8), with blueberries showing the lowest difference, indicating the stability of the blueberry capsules' wall during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Elena Gheorghita
- College of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 13 University Street, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (R.E.G.); (A.V.L.); (A.L.); (O.C.I.)
| | - Ancuta Veronica Lupaescu
- College of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 13 University Street, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (R.E.G.); (A.V.L.); (A.L.); (O.C.I.)
- Suceava-Botoșani Regional Innovative Bioeconomy Cluster Association, Airport Street 1, 720134 Suceava, Romania
| | - Anca Mihaela Gâtlan
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, University Street 13, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (A.B.); (A.D.)
- SC Natur Logistics SRL, 720043 Suceava, Romania
| | - Dadiana Dabija
- Faculty of Economics, Administration and Business, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Univeristy Street 13, 720229 Suceava, Romania;
| | - Andrei Lobiuc
- College of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 13 University Street, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (R.E.G.); (A.V.L.); (A.L.); (O.C.I.)
| | - Oana Camelia Iatcu
- College of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 13 University Street, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (R.E.G.); (A.V.L.); (A.L.); (O.C.I.)
| | - Amelia Buculei
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, University Street 13, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (A.B.); (A.D.)
| | | | - Adriana Dabija
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, University Street 13, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (A.B.); (A.D.)
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Fuentealba C, Álvarez F, Ponce E, Veas S, Salazar M, Romero D, Ayala-Raso A, Alvaro JE, Valdenegro M, Figueroa CR, Fuentes L. Differences in primary metabolism related to quality of raspberry ( Rubus idaeus L.) fruit under open field and protected soilless culture growing conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1324066. [PMID: 38273957 PMCID: PMC10808700 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1324066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The raspberry (Rubus idaeus) fruit is characterized by good taste and high acceptability by consumers. Thus, the impact on the quality attributes and metabolites related to raspberry taste should be evaluated in crop alternatives such as the protected soilless culture. This study aimed to evaluate the metabolic changes during fruit development and postharvest of raspberry grown in open field and protected soilless culture and their relationship with quality parameters and sensory perception. Methods In this study, the quality parameters and polar metabolites -sugar and amino acids- content were evaluated during raspberry ripening. In addition, ripe fruit was stored at 1 °C for five days, followed by one day of shelf life at 20 °C. Results The physiological and quality parameters showed typical changes during ripening in both growing conditions: a constant production of CO2, a drastic loss of firmness, an increase in weight and soluble solids content, loss of acidity, and a turning to red color from the green to fully ripe fruit stages in both growing conditions. Fruit from the protected soilless culture had significantly higher weight but a lower soluble solids content. The metabolic analysis showed differences in primary metabolites content during ripening and storage at 1 °C between both growing conditions. The raspberries grown in the open field showed higher contents of sugars such as D-glucose and D-fructose. On the contrary, the fruit from the protected soilless culture showed higher contents of some amino acids such as L-alanine, L-serine and L-valine, among others. The sensorial panel showed significant differences in the perception of the sweetness, acidity, color and firmness of ripe fruit from both growing conditions. Discussion The present study provides interesting and useful results with direct commercial application for this alternative growing system, mainly in areas where soil and water scarcity are a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Fuentealba
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota, Chile
| | - Fernanda Álvarez
- Centro Regional de Estudios en Alimentos Saludables (CREAS), Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Excequel Ponce
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota, Chile
| | - Sebastian Veas
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota, Chile
| | - Martina Salazar
- Centro Regional de Estudios en Alimentos Saludables (CREAS), Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Diego Romero
- Centro Regional de Estudios en Alimentos Saludables (CREAS), Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Anibal Ayala-Raso
- Instituto de Estadística, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Juan E. Alvaro
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota, Chile
| | - Monika Valdenegro
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota, Chile
| | - Carlos R. Figueroa
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Lida Fuentes
- Centro Regional de Estudios en Alimentos Saludables (CREAS), Valparaíso, Chile
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Flores-Félix JD, Gonçalves AC, Meirinho S, Nunes AR, Alves G, Garcia-Viguera C, Moreno DA, Silva LR. Differential response of blueberry to the application of bacterial inoculants to improve yield, organoleptic qualities and concentration of bioactive compounds. Microbiol Res 2024; 278:127544. [PMID: 37988818 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The application of bacterial biofortifiers is an increasingly common technique. In recent years, some strains have been shown to improve the nutraceutical qualities of crops. This work analyses the impact of biofortification with 3 bacterial strains of the genera Rhizobium, Paenibacillus and Lactiplantibacillus on the nutritional characteristics and organic composition of blueberry in Portugal. Paenibacillus sp. VMFR46 treatment showed increase of 71.36 % and 79.88 % in total production. Biofortified treatments were able to increase Brix degree, maturity index (up to 48.05 % for cv. Legacy and up to 26.04 % for cv. Duke) and CIEL*a*b* index respect to uninoculated control. In this way, (poly)phenolic compounds concentration increased in biofortified treatment, and their (poly)phenolic profile was modified, some compounds such as myricetin aglycone or myricetin derivative are exclusive of the fruits from biofortified plants, with increases in (poly)phenolic concentrations related with R. laguerreae PEPV16 or Paenibacillus sp. VMFR46 inoculation in cv. Legacy. These modifications resulted in the improvement of the nutraceutical characteristics of the fruits obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- José David Flores-Félix
- Microbiology and Genetics Department, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Ana Carolina Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sara Meirinho
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Raquel Nunes
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; CNC - Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cristina Garcia-Viguera
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica y Alimentos Saludables (LabFAS), CEBAS, CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo -25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Diego A Moreno
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica y Alimentos Saludables (LabFAS), CEBAS, CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo -25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Luís R Silva
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; CPIRN-UDI/IPG - Centro de Potencial e Inovação em Recursos Naturais, Unidade de Investigação para o Desenvolvimento do Interior do Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, Guarda, Portugal; University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rua, Sílvio Lima, Pólo II - Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
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Starkute V, Lukseviciute J, Klupsaite D, Mockus E, Klementaviciute J, Rocha JM, Özogul F, Ruzauskas M, Viskelis P, Bartkiene E. Characteristics of Unripened Cow Milk Curd Cheese Enriched with Raspberry ( Rubus idaeus), Blueberry ( Vaccinium myrtillus) and Elderberry ( Sambucus nigra) Industry By-Products. Foods 2023; 12:2860. [PMID: 37569128 PMCID: PMC10417324 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to apply raspberry (Ras), blueberry (Blu) and elderberry (Eld) industry by-products (BIB) for unripened cow milk curd cheese (U-CC) enrichment. Firstly, antimicrobial properties of the BIBs were tested, and the effects of the immobilization in agar technology on BIB properties were evaluated. Further, non-immobilized (NI) and agar-immobilized (AI) BIBs were applied for U-CC enrichment, and their influence on U-CC parameters were analyzed. It was established that the tested BIBs possess desirable antimicrobial (raspberry BIB inhibited 7 out of 10 tested pathogens) and antioxidant activities (the highest total phenolic compounds (TPC) content was displayed by NI elderberry BIB 143.6 mg GAE/100 g). The addition of BIBs to U-CC increased TPC content and DPPH- (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl)-radical scavenging activity of the U-CC (the highest TPC content was found in C-RaNI 184.5 mg/100 g, and strong positive correlation between TPC and DPPH- of the U-CC was found, r = 0.658). The predominant fatty acid group in U-CC was saturated fatty acids (SFA); however, the lowest content of SFA was unfolded in C-EldAI samples (in comparison with C, on average, by 1.6 times lower). The highest biogenic amine content was attained in C-EldAI (104.1 mg/kg). In total, 43 volatile compounds (VC) were identified in U-CC, and, in all cases, a broader spectrum of VCs was observed in U-CC enriched with BIBs. After 10 days of storage, the highest enterobacteria number was in C-BluNI (1.88 log10 CFU/g). All U-CC showed similar overall acceptability (on average, 8.34 points); however, the highest intensity of the emotion "happy" was expressed by testing C-EldNI. Finally, the BIBs are prospective ingredients for U-CC enrichment in a sustainable manner and improved nutritional traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vytaute Starkute
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.S.); (J.L.)
- Faculty of Animal Sciences, Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (D.K.); (E.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Justina Lukseviciute
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Dovile Klupsaite
- Faculty of Animal Sciences, Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (D.K.); (E.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Ernestas Mockus
- Faculty of Animal Sciences, Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (D.K.); (E.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Jolita Klementaviciute
- Faculty of Animal Sciences, Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (D.K.); (E.M.); (J.K.)
| | - João Miguel Rocha
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal;
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto (FEUP), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALiCE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fatih Özogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Balcali, Adana 01330, Turkey;
- Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Cukurova University, Balcali, Adana 01330, Turkey
| | - Modestas Ruzauskas
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Faculty of Veterinary, Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Pranas Viskelis
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, Kauno Str. 30, LT-54333 Babtai, Lithuania;
| | - Elena Bartkiene
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.S.); (J.L.)
- Faculty of Animal Sciences, Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (D.K.); (E.M.); (J.K.)
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Álvarez F, Moya M, Rivera-Mora C, Zúñiga PE, Jara-Cornejo K, Muñoz P, Ayala-Raso A, Munné-Bosch S, Figueroa CR, Figueroa NE, Valdenegro M, Alvaro JE, Schwab W, Defilippi BG, Fuentes L. Abscisic Acid Synthesis and Signaling during the Ripening of Raspberry ( Rubus idaeus 'Heritage') Fruit. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091882. [PMID: 37176940 PMCID: PMC10180958 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) fruit is characterized by its richness in functional molecules and high nutritional value, but the high rate of fruit softening limits its quality during postharvest. Raspberry drupelets have a particular ripening regulation, depending partially on the effect of ethylene produced from the receptacle. However, the possible role of abscisic acid (ABA) in the modulation of quality parameters during the ripening of raspberry is unclear. This study characterized the fruit quality-associated parameters and hormonal contents during fruit development in two seasons. The quality parameters showed typical changes during ripening: a drastic loss of firmness, increase in soluble solids content, loss of acidity, and turning to a red color from the large green stage to fully ripe fruit in both seasons. A significant increase in the ABA content was observed during the ripening of drupelets and receptacles, with the higher content in the receptacle of ripe and overripe stages compared to the large green stage. Moreover, identification of ABA biosynthesis-(9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase/NCED) and ABA receptor-related genes (PYRs-like receptors) showed three genes encoding RiNCEDs and nine genes for RiPYLs. The expression level of these genes increased from the large green stage to the full-ripe stage, specifically characterized by a higher expression of RiNCED1 in the receptacle tissue. This study reports a consistent concomitant increase in the ABA content and the expression of RiNCED1, RiPYL1, and RiPYL8 during the ripening of the raspberry fruit, thus supporting the role for ABA signaling in drupelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Álvarez
- Centro Regional de Estudios en Alimentos Saludables (CREAS), CONICYT-Regional GORE Valparaíso Proyecto R17A10001, Avenida Universidad 330, Placilla, Curauma, Valparaíso 2362696, Chile
| | - Mario Moya
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3465548, Chile
| | - Claudia Rivera-Mora
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3465548, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus for the Development of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago 8340755, Chile
| | - Paz E Zúñiga
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3465548, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus for the Development of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago 8340755, Chile
| | - Karla Jara-Cornejo
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3465548, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus for the Development of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago 8340755, Chile
| | - Paula Muñoz
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecología i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal, 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aníbal Ayala-Raso
- Instituto de Estadística, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecología i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal, 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos R Figueroa
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3465548, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus for the Development of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago 8340755, Chile
| | - Nicolás E Figueroa
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technical University Munich, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Mónika Valdenegro
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Casilla 4-D, Quillota 2260000, Chile
| | - Juan E Alvaro
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Casilla 4-D, Quillota 2260000, Chile
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technical University Munich, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Bruno G Defilippi
- Unidad de Postcosecha, INIA La Platina, Santa Rosa, Santiago 8820000, Chile
| | - Lida Fuentes
- Centro Regional de Estudios en Alimentos Saludables (CREAS), CONICYT-Regional GORE Valparaíso Proyecto R17A10001, Avenida Universidad 330, Placilla, Curauma, Valparaíso 2362696, Chile
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