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Tolg C, Hill KA, Turley EA. CD44 and RHAMM Are Microenvironmental Sensors with Dual Metastasis Promoter and Suppressor Functions. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300693. [PMID: 38638002 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The progression of primary tumors to metastases remains a significant roadblock to the treatment of most cancers. Emerging evidence has identified genes that specifically affect metastasis and are potential therapeutic targets for managing tumor progression. However, these genes can have dual tumor promoter and suppressor functions that are contextual in manifestation, and that complicate their development as targeted therapies. CD44 and RHAMM/HMMR are examples of multifunctional proteins that can either promote or suppress metastases, as demonstrated in experimental models. These two proteins can be viewed as microenvironmental sensors and this minireview addresses the known mechanistic underpinnings that may determine their metastasis suppressor versus promoter functions. Leveraging this mechanistic knowledge for CD44, RHAMM, and other multifunctional proteins is predicted to improve the precision of therapeutic targeting to achieve more effective management of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Tolg
- Cancer Research Laboratory Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, Victoria Hospital, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada
| | | | - Eva Ann Turley
- Cancer Research Laboratory Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, Victoria Hospital, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada
- Departments of Oncology, Biochemistry, and Surgery, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada
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2
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Xiao Z, Tan Y, Cai Y, Huang J, Wang X, Li B, Lin L, Wang Y, Shuai X, Zhu K. Nanodrug removes physical barrier to promote T-cell infiltration for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. J Control Release 2023; 356:360-372. [PMID: 36871644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
The dense extracellular matrix (ECM) is a key barrier to tumor infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), which greatly compromises T cell-dependent immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Herein, hyaluronidase (HAase), IL-12, and anti-PD-L1 antibody (αPD-L1) were co-delivered using a pH and MMP-2 dual-sensitive polymer/calcium phosphate (CaP) hybrid nanocarrier. The dissolution of CaP triggered by tumor acidity facilitated the release of IL-12 and HAase responsible for ECM digestion, enhancing the tumor infiltration and proliferation of CTLs. Furthermore, the in situ-released αPD-L1 inside tumor, as triggered by an overexpressed MMP-2, prevented the tumor cell from escaping the killing effects of CTLs. Such combination strategy induced a robust antitumor immunity for efficiently suppressing HCC growth in mice. Additionally, tumor acidity-sheddable polyethylene glycol (PEG) coating enhanced the tumor accumulation of nanocarrier and reduced the immune-related adverse events (irAEs) induced by on-target off-tumor αPD-L1. This dual-sensitive nanodrug demonstrates an effective immunotherapy paradigm for other dense ECM-characterized solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zecong Xiao
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, and Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Yitong Tan
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, and Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Yujun Cai
- Nanomedicine Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jinsheng Huang
- Department of Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, and Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Bo Li
- Nanomedicine Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Liteng Lin
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, and Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Xintao Shuai
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, and Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China; Nanomedicine Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | - Kangshun Zhu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, and Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China.
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3
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Jin C, Zong Y. The role of hyaluronan in renal cell carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1127828. [PMID: 36936902 PMCID: PMC10019822 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1127828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is associated with high mortality rates worldwide and survival among RCC patients has not improved significantly in the past few years. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of RCC can enable the development of more effective therapeutic strategies against RCC. Hyaluronan (HA) is a glycosaminoglycan located in the extracellular matrix (ECM) that has several roles in biology, medicine, and physiological processes, such as tissue homeostasis and angiogenesis. Dysregulated HA and its receptors play important roles in fundamental cellular and molecular biology processes such as cell signaling, immune modulation, tumor progression and angiogenesis. There is emerging evidence that alterations in the production of HA regulate RCC development, thereby acting as important biomarkers as well as specific therapeutic targets. Therefore, targeting HA or combining it with other therapies are promising therapeutic strategies. In this Review, we summarize the available data on the role of abnormal regulation of HA and speculate on its potential as a therapeutic target against RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Jin
- Zhejiang Academy of Science & Technology for Inspection & Quarantine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunfeng Zong
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Yunfeng Zong,
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4
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Bunkin NF, Bolotskova PN, Gladysheva YV, Kozlov VA, Timchenko SL. Adsorption of Methylene Blue on the Surface of Polymer Membrane; Dependence on the Isotopic Composition of Liquid Matrix. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194007. [PMID: 36235955 PMCID: PMC9572169 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As was found in our previous works, when Nafion swells in water, polymer fibers unwind into the bulk of the surrounding liquid. This effect is controlled by the content of deuterium in water. Here, we present the results of studying the dynamics of methylene blue (MB) adsorption on the Nafion surface for MB solutions based on natural water (deuterium content is 157 ppm, the unwinding effect occurs) and based on deuterium-depleted water (DDW; deuterium content is 3 ppm, there is no unwinding). In addition, we studied the dynamics of water desorption during drying of the Nafion polymer membrane after soaking in MB solution based on natural water and DDW. It turned out that in the case of natural water, the rate of MB adsorption and water desorption is higher than in the case of DDW. It also turned out that the amount of MB adsorbed on the membrane in the case of natural water is greater than in the case of DDW. Finally, it was found that the desorption of water during drying is accompanied by a rearrangement of the absorption spectrum of Nafion. This rearrangement occurs earlier in the case of DDW. Thus, by infinitesimal changes in the deuterium content (from 3 to 157 ppm) in an aqueous solution, in which a polymer membrane swells, we can control the dynamics of adsorption and desorption processes. A qualitative model, which connects the observed effects with the slowing down of diffusion processes inside the layer of unwound fibers, is proposed.
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5
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Zamloot V, Ebelt ND, Soo C, Jinka S, Manuel ER. Targeted Depletion of Hyaluronic Acid Mitigates Murine Breast Cancer Growth. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4614. [PMID: 36230537 PMCID: PMC9562634 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is highly elevated in breast cancers compared to normal breast tissue and is associated with increased tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis. HA interacts with cell-trafficking CD44 receptors to promote tumor cell migration and proliferation and regulates both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production through tumor-associated macrophages. The highly negative charge of HA enables its uptake of vast amounts of water that greatly increases the tumor interstitial fluidic pressure, which, combined with the presence of other extracellular matrix components such as collagen, results in tumor stroma with abnormal vasculature, hypoxia, and increased drug resistance. Thus, the degradation of HA in breast cancer may attenuate growth and improve permeability to anticancer agents. Previous methods to deplete tumor HA have resulted in significant off-tumor effects due to the systemic use of mammalian hyaluronidases. To overcome this, we developed a hyaluronidase-secreting Salmonella typhimurium (YS-HAse) that specifically and preferentially colonizes tumors to deplete HA. We show that the systemic administration of YS-HAse in immunocompetent murine models of breast cancer enhances tumor perfusion, controls tumor growth, and restructures the tumor immune contexture. These studies highlight the utility of YS-HAse as a novel microbial-based therapeutic that may also be combined with existing therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Edwin R. Manuel
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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6
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Intratumoral electroporation of a self-amplifying RNA expressing IL-12 induces antitumor effects in mouse models of cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY - NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 29:387-399. [PMID: 36035753 PMCID: PMC9386029 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alphavirus vectors based on self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) generate high and transient levels of transgene expression and induce innate immune responses, making them an interesting tool for antitumor therapy. These vectors are usually delivered as viral particles, but it is also possible to administer them as RNA. We evaluated this possibility by in vivo electroporation of Semliki Forest virus (SFV) saRNA for local treatment of murine colorectal MC38 subcutaneous tumors. Optimization of saRNA electroporation conditions in tumors was performed using an SFV vector coding for luciferase. Then we evaluated the therapeutic potential of this approach using an SFV saRNA coding for interleukin-12 (SFV-IL-12), a proinflammatory cytokine with potent antitumor effects. Delivery of SFV-IL-12 saRNA by electroporation led to improvement in tumor control and higher survival compared with mice treated with electroporation or with SFV-IL-12 saRNA alone. The antitumor efficacy of SFV-IL-12 saRNA electroporation increased by combination with systemic PD-1 blockade. This therapy, which was also validated in a hepatocellular carcinoma tumor model, suggests that local delivery of saRNA by electroporation could be an attractive strategy for cancer immunotherapy. This approach could have easy translation to the clinical practice, especially for percutaneously accessible tumors.
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7
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Liu Y, Xu D, Liu Y, Zheng X, Zang J, Ye W, Zhao Y, He R, Ruan S, Zhang T, Dong H, Li Y, Li Y. Remotely boosting hyaluronidase activity to normalize the hypoxic immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment for photothermal immunotherapy. Biomaterials 2022; 284:121516. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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8
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Baxter MA, Middleton F, Cagney HP, Petty RD. Resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced gastro-oesophageal cancers. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:1068-1079. [PMID: 34230609 PMCID: PMC8505606 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have altered the treatment paradigm across a range of tumour types, including gastro-oesophageal cancers. For patients with any cancer type who respond, ICIs can confer long-term disease control and significantly improve survival and quality of life, but for patients with gastro-oesophageal cancer, ICIs can be transformative, as durable responses in advanced disease have hitherto been rare, especially in those patients who are resistant to first-line cytotoxic therapies. Results from trials in patients with advanced-stage gastro-oesophageal cancer have raised hopes that ICIs will be successful as adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatments in early-stage disease, when the majority of patients relapse after potential curative treatments, and several trials are ongoing. Unfortunately, however, ICI-responding patients appear to constitute a minority subgroup within gastro-oesophageal cancer, and resistance to ICI therapy (whether primary or acquired) is common. Understanding the biological mechanisms of ICI resistance is a current major research challenge and involves investigation of both tumour and patient-specific factors. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms underlying ICI resistance and their potential specific applications of this knowledge towards precision medicine strategies in the management of gastro-oesophageal cancers in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Baxter
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
- Tayside Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, NHS Tayside, Dundee, UK.
| | - Fearghas Middleton
- Tayside Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, NHS Tayside, Dundee, UK
| | - Hannah P Cagney
- School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Russell D Petty
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
- Tayside Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, NHS Tayside, Dundee, UK.
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9
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Cioni P, Gabellieri E, Campanini B, Bettati S, Raboni S. Use of Exogenous Enzymes in Human Therapy: Approved Drugs and Potential Applications. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:411-452. [PMID: 34259137 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210713094722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of safe and efficacious enzyme-based human therapies has increased greatly in the last decades, thanks to remarkable advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for different diseases, and the characterization of the catalytic activity of relevant exogenous enzymes that may play a remedial effect in the treatment of such pathologies. Several enzyme-based biotherapeutics have been approved by FDA (the U.S. Food and Drug Administration) and EMA (the European Medicines Agency) and many are undergoing clinical trials. Apart from enzyme replacement therapy in human genetic diseases, which is not discussed in this review, approved enzymes for human therapy find applications in several fields, from cancer therapy to thrombolysis and the treatment, e.g., of clotting disorders, cystic fibrosis, lactose intolerance and collagen-based disorders. The majority of therapeutic enzymes are of microbial origin, the most convenient source due to fast, simple and cost-effective production and manipulation. The use of microbial recombinant enzymes has broadened prospects for human therapy but some hurdles such as high immunogenicity, protein instability, short half-life and low substrate affinity, still need to be tackled. Alternative sources of enzymes, with reduced side effects and improved activity, as well as genetic modification of the enzymes and novel delivery systems are constantly searched. Chemical modification strategies, targeted- and/or nanocarrier-mediated delivery, directed evolution and site-specific mutagenesis, fusion proteins generated by genetic manipulation are the most explored tools to reduce toxicity and improve bioavailability and cellular targeting. This review provides a description of exogenous enzymes that are presently employed for the therapeutic management of human diseases with their current FDA/EMA-approved status, along with those already experimented at the clinical level and potential promising candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Cioni
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa. Italy
| | - Edi Gabellieri
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa. Italy
| | - Barbara Campanini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 23/A, 43124 Parma. Italy
| | - Stefano Bettati
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa. Italy
| | - Samanta Raboni
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa. Italy
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10
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Desbois M, Wang Y. Cancer-associated fibroblasts: Key players in shaping the tumor immune microenvironment. Immunol Rev 2021; 302:241-258. [PMID: 34075584 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies have rapidly changed the therapeutic landscape for cancer. Nevertheless, most of the patients show innate or acquired resistance to these therapies. Studies conducted in recent years have highlighted an emerging role of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in immune regulation that shapes the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and influences response to cancer immunotherapies. In this review, we outline recent advances in the understanding of phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of CAFs. We will focus on emerging roles of CAFs in shaping the TIME, especially under a framework of tumor immunity continuum, and discuss current and future CAF-targeting therapeutic strategies in particular in the context of optimizing the success of immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Desbois
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yulei Wang
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
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11
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Koltai T, Reshkin SJ, Carvalho TMA, Cardone RA. Targeting the Stromal Pro-Tumoral Hyaluronan-CD44 Pathway in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3953. [PMID: 33921242 PMCID: PMC8069142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest malignancies. Present-day treatments have not shown real improvements in reducing the high mortality rate and the short survival of the disease. The average survival is less than 5% after 5 years. New innovative treatments are necessary to curtail the situation. The very dense pancreatic cancer stroma is a barrier that impedes the access of chemotherapeutic drugs and at the same time establishes a pro-proliferative symbiosis with the tumor, thus targeting the stroma has been suggested by many authors. No ideal drug or drug combination for this targeting has been found as yet. With this goal in mind, here we have explored a different complementary treatment based on abundant previous publications on repurposed drugs. The cell surface protein CD44 is the main receptor for hyaluronan binding. Many malignant tumors show over-expression/over-activity of both. This is particularly significant in pancreatic cancer. The independent inhibition of hyaluronan-producing cells, hyaluronan synthesis, and/or CD44 expression, has been found to decrease the tumor cell's proliferation, motility, invasion, and metastatic abilities. Targeting the hyaluronan-CD44 pathway seems to have been bypassed by conventional mainstream oncological practice. There are existing drugs that decrease the activity/expression of hyaluronan and CD44: 4-methylumbelliferone and bromelain respectively. Some drugs inhibit hyaluronan-producing cells such as pirfenidone. The association of these three drugs has never been tested either in the laboratory or in the clinical setting. We present a hypothesis, sustained by hard experimental evidence, suggesting that the simultaneous use of these nontoxic drugs can achieve synergistic or added effects in reducing invasion and metastatic potential, in PDAC. A non-toxic, low-cost scheme for inhibiting this pathway may offer an additional weapon for treating pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephan Joel Reshkin
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Tiago M. A. Carvalho
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Rosa A. Cardone
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (R.A.C.)
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12
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Kolapalli SP, Kumaraswamy SB, Mortha KK, Thomas A, Banerjee SD. UNIVmAb reactive albumin associated hyaladherin as a potential biomarker for colorectal cancer. Cancer Biomark 2021; 30:55-62. [PMID: 32924984 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-191260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer; cancer biomarker discovery is important for disease detection and management. It is known that hyaluronic acid and its receptors are ubiquitously expressed in almost all human tissues. Earlier we have shown that a monoclonal antibody H11B2C2, presently known as UNIVmAb, reactive hyaladherin expressed in multiple human cancers mainly using immunohistochemistry. However, the nature of the antigen and its sequence homology are not known. In the current study, a comprehensive investigation was performed to explore the nature of the antigen and its homology using both biochemical and proteomic analysis. Our results showed that UNIVmAb reactive 57 kDa antigen was overexpressed in advanced grade colorectal cancer tissues compared to benign and its hyperplasia. Biochemical investigations including biotinylated hyaluronic acid-pulldown, Immunoprecipitation, HA-oligo competition experiments confirmed that the UNIVmAb reactive 57 kDa antigen is a member of hyaladherin. Further Proteomic analysis showed that the antigen has homology with IGHG1 (Igγ-1 chain C region), a possible IgG superfamily, and is associated with human serum albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa Prasad Kolapalli
- Preethi Center of Oncology, Vattavyalil Cancer Trust, Mysore, Karnataka, India.,Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sunil B Kumaraswamy
- Preethi Center of Oncology, Vattavyalil Cancer Trust, Mysore, Karnataka, India.,Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Karuna Kumar Mortha
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Anil Thomas
- Preethi Center of Oncology, Vattavyalil Cancer Trust, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shib Das Banerjee
- Preethi Center of Oncology, Vattavyalil Cancer Trust, Mysore, Karnataka, India.,Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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13
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Macpherson AM, Barry SC, Ricciardelli C, Oehler MK. Epithelial Ovarian Cancer and the Immune System: Biology, Interactions, Challenges and Potential Advances for Immunotherapy. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2967. [PMID: 32937961 PMCID: PMC7564553 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the understanding of immune function and the interactions with tumour cells have led to the development of various cancer immunotherapies and strategies for specific cancer types. However, despite some stunning successes with some malignancies such as melanomas and lung cancer, most patients receive little or no benefit from immunotherapy, which has been attributed to the tumour microenvironment and immune evasion. Although the US Food and Drug Administration have approved immunotherapies for some cancers, to date, only the anti-angiogenic antibody bevacizumab is approved for the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer. Immunotherapeutic strategies for ovarian cancer are still under development and being tested in numerous clinical trials. A detailed understanding of the interactions between cancer and the immune system is vital for optimisation of immunotherapies either alone or when combined with chemotherapy and other therapies. This article, in two main parts, provides an overview of: (1) components of the normal immune system and current knowledge regarding tumour immunology, biology and their interactions; (2) strategies, and targets, together with challenges and potential innovative approaches for cancer immunotherapy, with attention given to epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Macpherson
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (A.M.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Simon C. Barry
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia;
| | - Carmela Ricciardelli
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (A.M.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Martin K. Oehler
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (A.M.M.); (C.R.)
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide 5000, Australia
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14
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Roles of Proteoglycans and Glycosaminoglycans in Cancer Development and Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21175983. [PMID: 32825245 PMCID: PMC7504257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21175983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) spatiotemporally controls cell fate; however, dysregulation of ECM remodeling can lead to tumorigenesis and cancer development by providing favorable conditions for tumor cells. Proteoglycans (PGs) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are the major macromolecules composing ECM. They influence both cell behavior and matrix properties through direct and indirect interactions with various cytokines, growth factors, cell surface receptors, adhesion molecules, enzymes, and glycoproteins within the ECM. The classical features of PGs/GAGs play well-known roles in cancer angiogenesis, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Several lines of evidence suggest that PGs/GAGs critically affect broader aspects in cancer initiation and the progression process, including regulation of cell metabolism, serving as a sensor of ECM's mechanical properties, affecting immune supervision, and participating in therapeutic resistance to various forms of treatment. These functions may be implemented through the characteristics of PGs/GAGs as molecular bridges linking ECM and cells in cell-specific and context-specific manners within the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, we intend to present a comprehensive illustration of the ways in which PGs/GAGs participate in and regulate several aspects of tumorigenesis; we put forward a perspective regarding their effects as biomarkers or targets for diagnoses and therapeutic interventions.
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15
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Hauge A, Rofstad EK. Antifibrotic therapy to normalize the tumor microenvironment. J Transl Med 2020; 18:207. [PMID: 32434573 PMCID: PMC7240990 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02376-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most tumors develop abnormal fibrotic regions consisting of fibroblasts, immune cells, and a dense extracellular matrix (ECM) immersed in a viscous interstitial fluid, and an abundant fibrotic tumor microenvironment (TME) is associated with poor outcome of treatment. It has been hypothesized that the treatment of cancer may be improved by interventions aiming to normalize this TME. The approaches used in attempts to normalize the fibrotic TME can be categorized into three strategies of targeted antifibrotic therapy: targeting of components of the ECM, targeting of the producers of the ECM components-the activated cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and targeting of the signaling pathways activating CAFs. To target the ECM, enzymes against components of the ECM have been used, including collagenase, relaxin, hyaluronidase, and lyxyl oxidase. Targeting of CAFs have been investigated by using agents aiming to eliminate or reprogram CAFs. CAFs are activated primarily by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), hedgehog, or focal adhesion kinase signaling, and several agents have been used to target these signaling pathways, including angiotensin II receptor I blockers (e.g., losartan) to inhibit the TGF-β pathway. Taken together, these studies have revealed that antifibrotic therapy is a two-edged sword: while some studies suggest enhanced response to treatment after antifibrotic therapy, others suggest that antifibrotic therapy may lead to increased tumor growth, metastasis, and impaired outcome of treatment. There are several possible explanations of these conflicting observations. Most importantly, tumors contain different subpopulations of CAFs, and while some subpopulations may promote tumor growth and metastasis, others may inhibit malignant progression. Furthermore, the outcome of antifibrotic therapy may depend on stage of disease, duration of treatment, treatment-induced activation of alternative profibrotic signaling pathways, and treatment-induced recruitment of tumor-supporting immune cells. Nevertheless, losartan-induced suppression of TGF-β signaling appears to be a particularly promising strategy. Losartan is a widely prescribed antihypertensive drug and highly advantageous therapeutic effects have been observed after losartan treatment of pancreatic cancer. However, improved understanding of the mechanisms governing the development of fibrosis in tumors is needed before safe antifibrotic treatments can be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Hauge
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar K Rofstad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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16
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Abyaneh HS, Regenold M, McKee TD, Allen C, Gauthier MA. Towards extracellular matrix normalization for improved treatment of solid tumors. Theranostics 2020; 10:1960-1980. [PMID: 32042347 PMCID: PMC6993244 DOI: 10.7150/thno.39995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is currently challenging to eradicate cancer. In the case of solid tumors, the dense and aberrant extracellular matrix (ECM) is a major contributor to the heterogeneous distribution of small molecule drugs and nano-formulations, which makes certain areas of the tumor difficult to treat. As such, much research is devoted to characterizing this matrix and devising strategies to modify its properties as a means to facilitate the improved penetration of drugs and their nano-formulations. This contribution presents the current state of knowledge on the composition of normal ECM and changes to ECM that occur during the pathological progression of cancer. It also includes discussion of strategies designed to modify the composition/properties of the ECM as a means to enhance the penetration and transport of drugs and nano-formulations within solid tumors. Moreover, a discussion of approaches to image the ECM, as well as ways to monitor changes in the ECM as a function of time are presented, as these are important for the implementation of ECM-modifying strategies within therapeutic interventions. Overall, considering the complexity of the ECM, its variability within different tissues, and the multiple pathways by which homeostasis is maintained (both in normal and malignant tissues), the available literature - while promising - suggests that improved monitoring of ECM remodeling in vivo is needed to harness the described strategies to their full potential, and match them with an appropriate chemotherapy regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Soleymani Abyaneh
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), EMT Research Center, 1650 boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, J3X 1S2, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Maximilian Regenold
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Trevor D. McKee
- STTARR Innovation Centre, University Health Network, 101 College Street Room 7-504, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Christine Allen
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Marc A. Gauthier
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), EMT Research Center, 1650 boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, J3X 1S2, Canada
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17
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Zhao C, Thompson BJ, Chen K, Gao F, Blouw B, Marella M, Zimmerman S, Kimbler T, Garrovillo S, Bahn J, Huang L, Huang Z, Shepard HM, Rosengren S, Thanos CD, Maneval DC. The growth of a xenograft breast cancer tumor model with engineered hyaluronan-accumulating stroma is dependent on hyaluronan and independent of CD44. Oncotarget 2019; 10:6561-6576. [PMID: 31762938 PMCID: PMC6859925 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan accumulation in the tumor microenvironment is associated with poor prognosis in several solid human cancers. To understand the role of stromal hyaluronan in tumor progression, we engineered 3T3HAS3, a hyaluronan-producing fibroblast cell line, by lentiviral transduction of Balb/c 3T3 cells with the human hyaluronan synthase 3(HAS3) gene. 3T3HAS3 cells significantly enhanced tumor growth when co-grafted with MDA-MB-468 cells in nude mice. Immunohistochemical analysis of the xenograft tumors showed that MDA-MB-468 cells were surrounded by hyaluronan-accumulating stroma, closely resembling the morphology observed in human breast cancer specimens. Tumor growth of MDA-MB-468 + 3T3HAS3 co-grafts was greatly reduced upon hyaluronan degradation by lentiviral transduction of a human hyaluronidase gene in 3T3HAS3 cells, or by systemic administration of pegvorhyaluronidase alfa (PEGPH20). In contrast, the growth of the co-graft tumors was not inhibited when CD44 expression was reduced or ablated by small hairpin RNA-mediated CD44 knockdown in MDA-MB-468 cells, CD44 CRISPR knockout in 3T3HAS3 cells, or by grafting these cells in CD44 knockout nude mice. Collectively, these data demonstrate that tumor growth of an engineered xenograft breast cancer model with hyaluronan-accumulating stroma can be dependent on hyaluronan and independent of CD44.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Zhao
- Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Benjamin J Thompson
- Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.,Formerly of Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Kelly Chen
- Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Feng Gao
- Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.,Formerly of Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Barbara Blouw
- Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Mathieu Marella
- Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.,Formerly of Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | | | - Trevor Kimbler
- Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.,Formerly of Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Sheryl Garrovillo
- Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.,Formerly of Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Jesse Bahn
- Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Lei Huang
- Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Zhongdong Huang
- Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.,Formerly of Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - H Michael Shepard
- Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.,Formerly of Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Sanna Rosengren
- Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.,Formerly of Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Christopher D Thanos
- Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.,Formerly of Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
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18
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Chen IM, Willumsen N, Dehlendorff C, Johansen AZ, Jensen BV, Hansen CP, Hasselby JP, Bojesen SE, Pfeiffer P, Nielsen SE, Holländer NH, Yilmaz MK, Karsdal M, Johansen JS. Clinical value of serum hyaluronan and propeptide of type III collagen in patients with pancreatic cancer. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:2913-2922. [PMID: 31642523 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) and collagen are highly expressed in pancreatic cancer (PC) stroma. HA and collagen accumulation increase tumor interstitial fluid pressure, compromising blood flow and drug penetration. The aim of this biomarker study was to determine the clinical utility of serum HA and the propeptide of type III collagen (PRO-C3) in patients with PC. A cohort from the Danish BIOPAC study (NCT03311776) including patients with histologically confirmed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (n = 809), ampullary carcinoma (n = 44), distal biliary tract cancer (n = 31), chronic pancreatitis (n = 15), intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (n = 41), duodenal adenoma (n = 7) and no cancer (n = 25). Healthy controls were available for serum HA (n = 141) and PRO-C3 (n = 8). The main outcome was overall survival (OS) of patients with PC in relation to pretreatment serum HA and PRO-C3 levels. Patients with PC had higher baseline serum HA and PRO-C3 than healthy subjects and patients with benign conditions. Pretreatment serum baseline HA and PRO-C3 in patients with PC were associated with poorer survival and PRO-C3 remained prognostic also after adjusting for age, performance status, stage, the presence of liver and peritoneum metastasis, and CA19-9. Detection of HA and PRO-C3 may be useful in differentiating between malignant and benign pancreatic conditions. Serum HA and PRO-C3 were prognostic for OS in patients with PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna M Chen
- Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Christian Dehlendorff
- Unit of Statistics and Pharmacoepidemiology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Astrid Z Johansen
- Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Benny V Jensen
- Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Carsten P Hansen
- Department of Surgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jane P Hasselby
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Pfeiffer
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Svend E Nielsen
- Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Oncology, North Zealand University Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Niels H Holländer
- Department of Oncology, Zealand University Hospital, Naestved, Denmark
| | - Mette K Yilmaz
- Department of Oncology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Julia S Johansen
- Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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19
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Computational modeling of therapy on pancreatic cancer in its early stages. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2019; 19:427-444. [PMID: 31501963 PMCID: PMC7105451 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-019-01219-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
More than eighty percent of pancreatic cancer involves ductal adenocarcinoma with an abundant desmoplastic extracellular matrix surrounding the solid tumor entity. This aberrant tumor microenvironment facilitates a strong resistance of pancreatic cancer to medication. Although various therapeutic strategies have been reported to be effective in mice with pancreatic cancer, they still need to be tested quantitatively in wider animal-based experiments before being applied as therapies. To aid the design of experiments, we develop a cell-based mathematical model to describe cancer progression under therapy with a specific application to pancreatic cancer. The displacement of cells is simulated by solving a large system of stochastic differential equations with the Euler-Maruyama method. We consider treatment with the PEGylated drug PEGPH20 that breaks down hyaluronan in desmoplastic stroma followed by administration of the chemotherapy drug gemcitabine to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells. Modeling the effects of PEGPH20 + gemcitabine concentrations is based on Green's fundamental solutions of the reaction-diffusion equation. Moreover, Monte Carlo simulations are performed to quantitatively investigate uncertainties in the input parameters as well as predictions for the likelihood of success of cancer therapy. Our simplified model is able to simulate cancer progression and evaluate treatments to inhibit the progression of cancer.
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20
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Joice GA, Bivalacqua TJ, Kates M. Optimizing pharmacokinetics of intravesical chemotherapy for bladder cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2019; 16:599-612. [PMID: 31434998 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-019-0220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) remains one of the most common malignancies and is associated with considerable treatment costs. Patients with intermediate-risk or high-risk disease can be treated with intravesical BCG, but many of these patients will experience tumour recurrence, despite adequate treatment. Standard of care in these patients is radical cystectomy with urinary diversion, but this approach is associated with considerable morbidity and lifestyle modification. As an alternative, perioperative intravesical chemotherapy is recommended for low-risk papillary NMIBC, and induction intravesical chemotherapy is an option for patients with intermediate-risk NMIBC and BCG-unresponsive NMIBC. However, poor pharmaceutical absorption and drug washout during normal voiding can limit sustained drug concentrations in the urothelium, which reduces efficacy, and small-molecule chemotherapeutic agents can be absorbed through the urothelium into the bloodstream, leading to systemic adverse effects. Several novel drug delivery methods - including hyperthermia, mechanical sustained released devices and nanoparticle drug conjugation - have been developed to overcome these limitations. These novel methods have the potential to be combined with established chemotherapeutic agents to change the paradigm of NMIBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Joice
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Trinity J Bivalacqua
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Max Kates
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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21
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Clift R, Souratha J, Garrovillo SA, Zimmerman S, Blouw B. Remodeling the Tumor Microenvironment Sensitizes Breast Tumors to Anti-Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Immunotherapy. Cancer Res 2019; 79:4149-4159. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Targeting Hyaluronan Interactions for Glioblastoma Stem Cell Therapy. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2019; 12:47-56. [PMID: 31079324 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-019-00224-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Even with rigorous treatments, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has an abysmal median survival rate, greatly due to the drug-resistant glioblastoma stem cell (GSC) population. GSCs are known to remodel their microenvironment, but the precise role of extracellular matrix components hyaluronic acid (HA) and hyaluronidases (HAases) on the GSC population is still largely unknown. Our objective was to determine how HAase can sensitize GSCs to chemotherapy drugs by disrupting the HA-CD44 signaling. GBM cell line U87-MG and patient-derived D456 cells were grown in GSC-enriching media and treated with HA or HAase. Expressions of GSC markers, HA-related genes, and drug resistance genes were measured via flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and qRT-PCR. Proliferation after combined HAase and temozolomide (TMZ) treatment was measured via WST-8. HA supplementation promoted the expression of GSC markers and CD44 in GBM cells cultured in serum-free media. Conversely, HAase addition inhibited GSC gene expression while promoting CD44 expression. Finally, HAase sensitized GBM cells to TMZ. We propose a combined treatment of HAase and chemotherapy drugs by disrupting the stemness-promoting HA to target GSCs. This combination therapy shows promise even when temozolomide treatment alone causes resistance.
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23
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Locke KW, Maneval DC, LaBarre MJ. ENHANZE ® drug delivery technology: a novel approach to subcutaneous administration using recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20. Drug Deliv 2019; 26:98-106. [PMID: 30744432 PMCID: PMC6394283 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1551442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ENHANZE® drug delivery technology is based on the proprietary recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20 enzyme (rHuPH20; Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc.) that facilitates the subcutaneous (SC) delivery of co‐administered therapeutics. rHuPH20 works by degrading the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA), which plays a role in resistance to bulk fluid flow in the SC space, limiting large volume SC drug delivery, dispersion, and absorption. Co-administration of rHuPH20 with partner therapies can overcome administration time and volume barriers associated with existing SC therapeutic formulations, and has been shown to reduce the burden on patients and healthcare providers compared with intravenous formulations. rHuPH20 (as HYLENEX® recombinant) is currently FDA-approved for subcutaneous fluid administration for achieving hydration, to increase the dispersion and absorption of other injected drugs, and in subcutaneous urography for improving resorption of radiopaque agents. rHuPH20 is also co-formulated with two anticancer therapies, trastuzumab (i.e. Herceptin® SC) and rituximab (i.e. RITUXAN HYCELA®/RITUXAN® SC/MabThera® SC) and dosed sequentially with human immunoglobin to treat primary immunodeficiency (i.e. HyQvia®/HYQVIA®). This article reviews pharmaceutical properties of rHuPH20, its current applications with approved therapeutics, and the potential for future developments.
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24
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Looi CK, Chung FFL, Leong CO, Wong SF, Rosli R, Mai CW. Therapeutic challenges and current immunomodulatory strategies in targeting the immunosuppressive pancreatic tumor microenvironment. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:162. [PMID: 30987642 PMCID: PMC6463646 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1153-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal type of cancers, with an overall five-year survival rate of less than 5%. It is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage with limited therapeutic options. To date, no effective treatment options have demonstrated long-term benefits in advanced pancreatic cancer patients. Compared with other cancers, pancreatic cancer exhibits remarkable resistance to conventional therapy and possesses a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). MAIN BODY In this review, we summarized the evidence and unique properties of TME in pancreatic cancer that may contribute to its resistance towards immunotherapies as well as strategies to overcome those barriers. We reviewed the current strategies and future perspectives of combination therapies that (1) promote T cell priming through tumor associated antigen presentation; (2) inhibit tumor immunosuppressive environment; and (3) break-down the desmoplastic barrier which improves tumor infiltrating lymphocytes entry into the TME. CONCLUSIONS It is imperative for clinicians and scientists to understand tumor immunology, identify novel biomarkers, and optimize the position of immunotherapy in therapeutic sequence, in order to improve pancreatic cancer clinical trial outcomes. Our collaborative efforts in targeting pancreatic TME will be the mainstay of achieving better clinical prognosis among pancreatic cancer patients. Ultimately, pancreatic cancer will be a treatable medical condition instead of a death sentence for a patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-King Looi
- 0000 0000 8946 5787grid.411729.8School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Felicia Fei-Lei Chung
- Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis Section (MCA), Epigenetics Group (EGE) International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Chee-Onn Leong
- 0000 0000 8946 5787grid.411729.8School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- 0000 0000 8946 5787grid.411729.8Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shew-Fung Wong
- 0000 0000 8946 5787grid.411729.8School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rozita Rosli
- 0000 0001 2231 800Xgrid.11142.37UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Sri Kembangan, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Chun-Wai Mai
- 0000 0000 8946 5787grid.411729.8School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- 0000 0000 8946 5787grid.411729.8Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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25
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Cao J, Pickup S, Clendenin C, Blouw B, Choi H, Kang D, Rosen M, O'Dwyer PJ, Zhou R. Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MRI Detects Responses to Stroma-directed Therapy in Mouse Models of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:2314-2322. [PMID: 30587546 PMCID: PMC6445712 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The dense stroma underlies the drug resistance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) and has motivated the development of stroma-directed drugs. Our objective is to test the concept that dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI using FDA-approved contrast media, an imaging method sensitive to the tumor microenvironment, can detect early responses to stroma-directed drug. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Imaging studies were performed in three mouse models exhibiting high desmoplastic reactions: the autochthonous PDA in genetically engineered mice (KPC), an orthotopic model in syngeneic mice, and a xenograft model of human PDA in athymic mice. An investigational drug, PEGPH20 (pegvorhyaluronidase alfa), which degrades hyaluronan (HA) in the stroma of PDA, was injected alone or in combination with gemcitabine. RESULTS At 24 hours after a single injection of PEGPH20, Ktrans , a DCE-MRI-derived marker that measures how fast a unit volume of contrast media is transferred from capillaries to interstitial space, increased 56% and 50% from baseline in the orthotopic and xenograft tumors, respectively, compared with a 4% and 6% decrease in vehicle groups (both P < 0.05). Similarly, after three combined treatments, Ktrans in KPC mice increased 54%, whereas it decreased 4% in controls treated with gemcitabine alone (P < 0.05). Consistently, after a single injection of PEGPH20, tumor HA content assessed by IHC was reduced substantially in all three models while drug delivery (measured by paclitaxel accumulation in tumor) was increased by 2.6-fold. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrated a DCE-MRI marker, Ktrans , can detect early responses to stroma-directed drug and reveal the sustained effect of combination treatment (PEGPH20+ gemcitabine).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Cao
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Stephen Pickup
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Cynthia Clendenin
- Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Hoon Choi
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David Kang
- Halozyme Therapeutics, San Diego, California
| | - Mark Rosen
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter J O'Dwyer
- Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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26
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Avenoso A, Bruschetta G, D'Ascola A, Scuruchi M, Mandraffino G, Gullace R, Saitta A, Campo S, Campo GM. Hyaluronan fragments produced during tissue injury: A signal amplifying the inflammatory response. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 663:228-238. [PMID: 30668938 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a complex mechanism that plays a key role during diseases. Dynamic features of the extracellular matrix (ECM), in particular, during phases of tissue inflammation, have long been appreciated, and a great deal of several investigations has focused on the effects of ECM derivatives on cell function. It has been well defined that during inflammatory and tissue injury, ECM components were degraded. ECM degradation direct consequence is the loss of cell homeostasis, while a further consequence is the generation of fragments from larger precursor molecules. These bio-functional ECM shred defined matrikines as capable of playing different actions, especially when they function as powerful initiators, able to prime the inflammatory mechanism. Non-sulphated glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) is the major component of the ECM that undergoes specific modulation during tissue damage and inflammation. HA fragments at very low molecular weight are produced as a result of HA depolymerization. Several evidence has considered the plausibility that HA breakdown products play a modulatory action in the sequential stages of inflammation, although the effective mechanism of these HA derivative compounds act is not completely defined. This review will focus on the pro-inflammatory effects of HA fragments in recent years obtained by in vitro investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Avenoso
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Images, Policlinico Universitario, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bruschetta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Angela D'Ascola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Michele Scuruchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mandraffino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosa Gullace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Saitta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Campo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Images, Policlinico Universitario, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe M Campo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, 98125, Messina, Italy.
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Marella M, Jadin L, Keller GA, Sugarman BJ, Frost GI, Shepard HM. KIAA1199 expression and hyaluronan degradation colocalize in multiple sclerosis lesions. Glycobiology 2019; 28:958-967. [PMID: 30007349 PMCID: PMC6243203 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Modification of hyaluronan (HA) accumulation has been shown to play a key role in regulating inflammatory processes linked to the progression of multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study was to characterize the enzymatic activity involved in HA degradation observed within focal demyelinating lesions in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animal model. EAE was induced in 3-month-old female C57BL/6J mice by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 33–35 (MOG33–35) peptide. The mice were monitored for 21 days. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue from control and EAE mice were labeled with an immunoadhesin against HA, antibodies against KIAA1199 and glial fibrillary acidic protein, a marker for astrocytes. In situ hybridization was conducted using a KIAA1199 nucleic acid probe. In histologic sections of spinal cord from EAE mice, abnormal HA accumulation was observed in the close vicinity of the affected areas, whereas HA was totally degraded within the focal loci of damaged tissue. KIAA1199 immunoreactivity was exclusively associated with focal loci in damaged white columns of the spinal cord. KIAA1199 was mainly expressed by activated astrocytes that invaded damaged tissue. Similar findings were observed in tissue from an MS patient. Here, we show that KIAA1199, a protein that plays a role in a HA degradation pathway independent of the canonical hyaluronidases such as PH20, is specifically expressed in tissue lesions in which HA is degraded. KIAA1199 expression by activated astrocytes may explain the focal HA degradation observed during progression of MS and could represent a possible new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Marella
- Drug Discovery Department, Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Laurence Jadin
- Drug Discovery Department, Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Gilbert A Keller
- Drug Discovery Department, Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Barry J Sugarman
- Drug Discovery Department, Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - H Michael Shepard
- Drug Discovery Department, Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Biologics21.NET Consulting, San Diego, CA, USA
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Prasad S, Ramachandran S, Gupta N, Kaushik I, Srivastava SK. Cancer cells stemness: A doorstep to targeted therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165424. [PMID: 30818002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in research on cancer have led to understand the pathogenesis of cancer and development of new anticancer drugs. Despite of these advancements, many tumors have been found to recur, undergo metastasis and develop resistance to therapy. Accumulated evidences suggest that small population of cancer cells known as cancer stem cells (CSC) are responsible for reconstitution and propagation of the disease. CSCs possess the ability to self-renew, differentiate and proliferate like normal stem cells. CSCs also appear to have resistance to anti-cancer therapies and subsequent relapse. The underlying stemness properties of the CSCs are reliant on multiple molecular targets such as signaling pathways, cell surface molecules, tumor microenvironment, apoptotic pathways, microRNA, stem cell differentiation, and drug resistance markers. Thus an effective therapeutic strategy relies on targeting CSCs to overcome the possible tumor relapse and chemoresistance. The targeted inhibition of these stem cell biomarkers is one of the promising approaches to eliminate cancer stemness. This review article summarizes possible targets of cancer cell stemness for the complete treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahdeo Prasad
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, and Center for Tumor Immunology and Targeted Cancer Therapy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA
| | - Sharavan Ramachandran
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, and Center for Tumor Immunology and Targeted Cancer Therapy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA
| | - Nehal Gupta
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, and Center for Tumor Immunology and Targeted Cancer Therapy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA
| | - Itishree Kaushik
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, and Center for Tumor Immunology and Targeted Cancer Therapy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA
| | - Sanjay K Srivastava
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, and Center for Tumor Immunology and Targeted Cancer Therapy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA.
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29
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Efficient PD-L1 gene silence promoted by hyaluronidase for cancer immunotherapy. J Control Release 2019; 293:104-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Fleming JM, Yeyeodu ST, McLaughlin A, Schuman D, Taylor DK. In Situ Drug Delivery to Breast Cancer-Associated Extracellular Matrix. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:2825-2840. [PMID: 30183254 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) contributes to tumor progression through changes induced by tumor and stromal cell signals that promote increased ECM density and stiffness. The increase in ECM stiffness is known to promote tumor cell invasion into surrounding tissues and metastasis. In addition, this scar-like ECM creates a protective barrier around the tumor that reduces the effectiveness of innate and synthetic antitumor agents. Herein, clinically approved breast cancer therapies as well as novel experimental approaches that target the ECM are discussed, including in situ hydrogel drug delivery systems, an emerging technology the delivers toxic chemotherapeutics, gene-silencing microRNAs, and tumor suppressing immune cells directly inside the tumor. Intratumor delivery of therapeutic agents has the potential to drastically reduce systemic side effects experienced by the patient and increase the efficacy of these agents. This review also describes the opposing effects of ECM degradation on tumor progression, where some studies report improved drug delivery and delayed cancer progression and others report enhanced metastasis and decreased patient survival. Given the recent increase in ECM-targeting drugs entering preclinical and clinical trials, understanding and addressing the factors that impact the effect of the ECM on tumor progression is imperative for the sake of patient safety and survival outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie M. Fleming
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Susan T. Yeyeodu
- Charles River Discovery Services, Morrisville, North Carolina, United States
| | - Ashley McLaughlin
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Darren Schuman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Darlene K. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
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31
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Role of tumor microenvironment in cancer stem cell chemoresistance and recurrence. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 103:115-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Kanat O, Ertas H. Shattering the castle walls: Anti-stromal therapy for pancreatic cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2018; 10:202-210. [PMID: 30147846 PMCID: PMC6107476 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v10.i8.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of potent chemotherapy regimens, such as 5-fluorouracil, folinic acid, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) and nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine, treatment outcomes in metastatic pancreatic cancer (PC) remain unsatisfactory. The presence of an abundant fibrous stroma in PC is considered a crucial factor for its unfavorable condition. Apparently, stroma acts as a physical barrier to restrict intratumoral cytotoxic drug penetration and creates a hypoxic environment that reduces the efficacy of radiotherapy. In addition, stroma plays a vital supportive role in the development and progression of PC, which has prompted researchers to assess the potential benefits of agents targeting several cellular (e.g., stellate cells) and acellular (e.g., hyaluronan) elements of the stroma. This study aims to briefly review the primary structural properties of PC stroma and its interaction with cancer cells and summarize the current status of anti-stromal therapies in the management of metastatic PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozkan Kanat
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey
| | - Hulya Ertas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey
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Li X, Shepard HM, Cowell JA, Zhao C, Osgood RJ, Rosengren S, Blouw B, Garrovillo SA, Pagel MD, Whatcott CJ, Han H, Von Hoff DD, Taverna DM, LaBarre MJ, Maneval DC, Thompson CB. Parallel Accumulation of Tumor Hyaluronan, Collagen, and Other Drivers of Tumor Progression. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:4798-4807. [PMID: 30084839 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-3284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The tumor microenvironment (TME) evolves to support tumor progression. One marker of more aggressive malignancy is hyaluronan (HA) accumulation. Here, we characterize biological and physical changes associated with HA-accumulating (HA-high) tumors.Experimental Design: We used immunohistochemistry, in vivo imaging of tumor pH, and microdialysis to characterize the TME of HA-high tumors, including tumor vascular structure, hypoxia, tumor perfusion by doxorubicin, pH, content of collagen. and smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). A novel method was developed to measure real-time tumor-associated soluble cytokines and growth factors. We also evaluated biopsies of murine and pancreatic cancer patients to investigate HA and collagen content, important contributors to drug resistance.Results: In immunodeficient and immunocompetent mice, increasing tumor HA content is accompanied by increasing collagen content, vascular collapse, hypoxia, and increased metastatic potential, as reflected by increased α-SMA. In vivo treatment of HA-high tumors with PEGylated recombinant human hyaluronidase (PEGPH20) dramatically reversed these changes and depleted stores of VEGF-A165, suggesting that PEGPH20 may also diminish the angiogenic potential of the TME. Finally, we observed in xenografts and in pancreatic cancer patients a coordinated increase in HA and collagen tumor content.Conclusions: The accumulation of HA in tumors is associated with high tIP, vascular collapse, hypoxia, and drug resistance. These findings may partially explain why more aggressive malignancy is observed in the HA-high phenotype. We have shown that degradation of HA by PEGPH20 partially reverses this phenotype and leads to depletion of tumor-associated VEGF-A165. These results encourage further clinical investigation of PEGPH20. Clin Cancer Res; 24(19); 4798-807. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Li
- Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, California
| | | | | | - Chunmei Zhao
- Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, California
| | | | | | | | | | - Mark D Pagel
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Clifford J Whatcott
- Clinical Translational Research Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Haiyong Han
- Clinical Translational Research Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Daniel D Von Hoff
- Clinical Translational Research Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona
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Dolor A, Szoka FC. Digesting a Path Forward: The Utility of Collagenase Tumor Treatment for Improved Drug Delivery. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2069-2083. [PMID: 29767984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Collagen and hyaluronan are the most abundant components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and their overexpression in tumors is linked to increased tumor growth and metastasis. These ECM components contribute to a protective tumor microenvironment by supporting a high interstitial fluid pressure and creating a tortuous setting for the convection and diffusion of chemotherapeutic small molecules, antibodies, and nanoparticles in the tumor interstitial space. This review focuses on the research efforts to deplete extracellular collagen with collagenases to normalize the tumor microenvironment. Although collagen synthesis inhibitors are in clinical development, the use of collagenases is contentious and clinically untested in cancer patients. Pretreatment of murine tumors with collagenases increased drug uptake and diffusion 2-10-fold. This modest improvement resulted in decreased tumor growth, but the benefits of collagenase treatment are confounded by risks of toxicity from collagen breakdown in healthy tissues. In this review, we evaluate the published in vitro and in vivo benefits and limitations of collagenase treatment to improve drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Dolor
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics Graduate Program, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences , University of California , San Francisco , CA 94143 , United States
| | - Francis C Szoka
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics Graduate Program, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences , University of California , San Francisco , CA 94143 , United States
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Hauser-Kawaguchi A, Luyt LG, Turley E. Design of peptide mimetics to block pro-inflammatory functions of HA fragments. Matrix Biol 2018; 78-79:346-356. [PMID: 29408009 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan is a simple extracellular matrix polysaccharide that actively regulates inflammation in tissue repair and disease processes. The native HA polymer, which is large (>500 kDa), contributes to the maintenance of homeostasis. In remodeling and diseased tissues, polymer size is strikingly polydisperse, ranging from <10 kDa to >500 kDa. In a diseased or stressed tissue context, both smaller HA fragments and high molecular weight HA polymers can acquire pro-inflammatory functions, which result in the activation of multiple receptors, triggering pro-inflammatory signaling to diverse stimuli. Peptide mimics that bind and scavenge HA fragments have been developed, which show efficacy in animal models of inflammation. These studies indicate both that HA fragments are key to driving inflammation and that scavenging these is a viable therapeutic approach to blunting inflammation in disease processes. This mini-review summarizes the peptide-based methods that have been reported to date for blocking HA signaling events as an anti-inflammatory therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonard G Luyt
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Cancer Research Laboratories, London Regional Cancer Center, Victoria Hospital, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada
| | - Eva Turley
- Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Cancer Research Laboratories, London Regional Cancer Center, Victoria Hospital, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
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36
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Seufferlein T, Ducreux M, Hidalgo M, Prager G, Cutsem EV. More than a Gel & Hyaluronic Acid, a Central Component in the Microenvironment of Pancreatic Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.17925/eoh.2018.14.1.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid or hyaluronan (HA) is a major stromal component and its accumulation has been shown to play a central role in promoting tumourigenesis and progression of disease. Thus, overexpression of HA in tumours is associated with poor prognosis. Therapeutic targeting of HA is therefore an attractive strategy, particularly in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), which is associated with an extremely poor prognosis and less sensitivity towards chemotherapy. PDA is characterised by a high stromal content. The accumulation of dense, fibrotic extracellular matrix components within the stroma, termed desmoplasia, results in increased tumour interstitial fluid pressure and vascular compression that impair the delivery and efficacy of therapeutic agents. While some elements of the stroma may be protective for the patient and prevent a more aggressive phenotype of PDA, a pegylated recombinant human hyaluronidase (pegvorhyaluronidase alfa) has been found to inhibit tumour growth in preclinical studies. In a clinical phase II randomised trial, the addition of pegvorhyaluronidase alfa to nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine suggested significantly longer progression-free survival in patients with advanced PDA compared with nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine alone. This benefit was even more pronounced in a subgroup of patients who expressed high levels of tumour HA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michel Ducreux
- Département de Médecine Oncologique, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France and Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Manuel Hidalgo
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Gerald Prager
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Centre Vienna, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eric Van Cutsem
- Gastroenterology/Digestive Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Hingorani SR, Zheng L, Bullock AJ, Seery TE, Harris WP, Sigal DS, Braiteh F, Ritch PS, Zalupski MM, Bahary N, Oberstein PE, Wang-Gillam A, Wu W, Chondros D, Jiang P, Khelifa S, Pu J, Aldrich C, Hendifar AE. HALO 202: Randomized Phase II Study of PEGPH20 Plus Nab-Paclitaxel/Gemcitabine Versus Nab-Paclitaxel/Gemcitabine in Patients With Untreated, Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2017; 36:359-366. [PMID: 29232172 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.74.9564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is characterized by excessive hyaluronan (HA) accumulation in the tumor microenvironment, elevating interstitial pressure and impairing perfusion. Preclinical studies demonstrated pegvorhyaluronidase alfa (PEGPH20) degrades HA, thereby increasing drug delivery. Patients and Methods Patients with previously untreated metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma were randomly assigned to treatment with PEGPH20 plus nab-paclitaxel/gemcitabine (PAG) or nab-paclitaxel/gemcitabine (AG). Tumor HA levels were measured retrospectively using a novel affinity histochemistry assay. Primary end points were progression-free survival (PFS; overall) and thromboembolic (TE) event rate. Secondary end points included overall survival, PFS by HA level, and objective response rate. An early imbalance in TE events in the PAG arm led to a clinical hold; thereafter, patients with TE events were excluded and enoxaparin prophylaxis was initiated. Results A total of 279 patients were randomly assigned; 246 had HA data; 231 were evaluable for efficacy; 84 (34%) had HA-high tumors (ie, extracellular matrix HA staining ≥ 50% of tumor surface at any intensity). PFS was significantly improved with PAG treatment overall (hazard ratio [HR], 0.73; 95% CI, 0.53 to 1.00; P = .049) and for patients with HA-high tumors (HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.26 to 1.00; P = .048). In patients with HA-high tumors (PAG v AG), the objective response rate was 45% versus 31%, and median overall survival was 11.5 versus 8.5 months (HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.57 to 1.61). The most common treatment-related grade 3/4 adverse events with significant differences between arms (PAG v AG) included muscle spasms (13% v 1%), neutropenia (29% v 18%), and myalgia (5% v 0%). TE events were comparable after enoxaparin initiation (14% PAG v 10% AG). Conclusion This study met its primary end points of PFS and TE event rate. The largest improvement in PFS was observed in patients with HA-high tumors who received PAG. A similar TE event rate was observed between the treatment groups in stage 2 of the trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil R Hingorani
- Sunil R. Hingorani, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; William P. Harris, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA; Lei Zheng, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Andrea J. Bullock, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Tara E. Seery, Chan Soon-Shiong Institute for Medicine, El Segundo; Darren S. Sigal, Scripps Cancer Center, La Jolla; Wilson Wu, Dimitrios Chondros, and Ping Jiang, Halozyme Therapeutics, San Diego; Andrew E. Hendifar, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA; Fadi Braiteh, Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV; Paul S. Ritch, Froedtert Hospital and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Mark M. Zalupski, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Nathan Bahary, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Cancer Pavilion, Pittsburgh, PA; Paul E. Oberstein, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Andrea Wang-Gillam, Washington University, St Louis, MO; and Sihem Khelifa, Jie Pu, and Carrie Aldrich, Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ
| | - Lei Zheng
- Sunil R. Hingorani, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; William P. Harris, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA; Lei Zheng, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Andrea J. Bullock, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Tara E. Seery, Chan Soon-Shiong Institute for Medicine, El Segundo; Darren S. Sigal, Scripps Cancer Center, La Jolla; Wilson Wu, Dimitrios Chondros, and Ping Jiang, Halozyme Therapeutics, San Diego; Andrew E. Hendifar, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA; Fadi Braiteh, Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV; Paul S. Ritch, Froedtert Hospital and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Mark M. Zalupski, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Nathan Bahary, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Cancer Pavilion, Pittsburgh, PA; Paul E. Oberstein, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Andrea Wang-Gillam, Washington University, St Louis, MO; and Sihem Khelifa, Jie Pu, and Carrie Aldrich, Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ
| | - Andrea J Bullock
- Sunil R. Hingorani, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; William P. Harris, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA; Lei Zheng, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Andrea J. Bullock, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Tara E. Seery, Chan Soon-Shiong Institute for Medicine, El Segundo; Darren S. Sigal, Scripps Cancer Center, La Jolla; Wilson Wu, Dimitrios Chondros, and Ping Jiang, Halozyme Therapeutics, San Diego; Andrew E. Hendifar, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA; Fadi Braiteh, Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV; Paul S. Ritch, Froedtert Hospital and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Mark M. Zalupski, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Nathan Bahary, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Cancer Pavilion, Pittsburgh, PA; Paul E. Oberstein, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Andrea Wang-Gillam, Washington University, St Louis, MO; and Sihem Khelifa, Jie Pu, and Carrie Aldrich, Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ
| | - Tara E Seery
- Sunil R. Hingorani, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; William P. Harris, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA; Lei Zheng, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Andrea J. Bullock, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Tara E. Seery, Chan Soon-Shiong Institute for Medicine, El Segundo; Darren S. Sigal, Scripps Cancer Center, La Jolla; Wilson Wu, Dimitrios Chondros, and Ping Jiang, Halozyme Therapeutics, San Diego; Andrew E. Hendifar, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA; Fadi Braiteh, Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV; Paul S. Ritch, Froedtert Hospital and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Mark M. Zalupski, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Nathan Bahary, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Cancer Pavilion, Pittsburgh, PA; Paul E. Oberstein, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Andrea Wang-Gillam, Washington University, St Louis, MO; and Sihem Khelifa, Jie Pu, and Carrie Aldrich, Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ
| | - William P Harris
- Sunil R. Hingorani, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; William P. Harris, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA; Lei Zheng, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Andrea J. Bullock, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Tara E. Seery, Chan Soon-Shiong Institute for Medicine, El Segundo; Darren S. Sigal, Scripps Cancer Center, La Jolla; Wilson Wu, Dimitrios Chondros, and Ping Jiang, Halozyme Therapeutics, San Diego; Andrew E. Hendifar, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA; Fadi Braiteh, Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV; Paul S. Ritch, Froedtert Hospital and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Mark M. Zalupski, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Nathan Bahary, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Cancer Pavilion, Pittsburgh, PA; Paul E. Oberstein, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Andrea Wang-Gillam, Washington University, St Louis, MO; and Sihem Khelifa, Jie Pu, and Carrie Aldrich, Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ
| | - Darren S Sigal
- Sunil R. Hingorani, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; William P. Harris, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA; Lei Zheng, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Andrea J. Bullock, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Tara E. Seery, Chan Soon-Shiong Institute for Medicine, El Segundo; Darren S. Sigal, Scripps Cancer Center, La Jolla; Wilson Wu, Dimitrios Chondros, and Ping Jiang, Halozyme Therapeutics, San Diego; Andrew E. Hendifar, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA; Fadi Braiteh, Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV; Paul S. Ritch, Froedtert Hospital and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Mark M. Zalupski, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Nathan Bahary, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Cancer Pavilion, Pittsburgh, PA; Paul E. Oberstein, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Andrea Wang-Gillam, Washington University, St Louis, MO; and Sihem Khelifa, Jie Pu, and Carrie Aldrich, Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ
| | - Fadi Braiteh
- Sunil R. Hingorani, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; William P. Harris, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA; Lei Zheng, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Andrea J. Bullock, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Tara E. Seery, Chan Soon-Shiong Institute for Medicine, El Segundo; Darren S. Sigal, Scripps Cancer Center, La Jolla; Wilson Wu, Dimitrios Chondros, and Ping Jiang, Halozyme Therapeutics, San Diego; Andrew E. Hendifar, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA; Fadi Braiteh, Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV; Paul S. Ritch, Froedtert Hospital and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Mark M. Zalupski, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Nathan Bahary, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Cancer Pavilion, Pittsburgh, PA; Paul E. Oberstein, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Andrea Wang-Gillam, Washington University, St Louis, MO; and Sihem Khelifa, Jie Pu, and Carrie Aldrich, Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ
| | - Paul S Ritch
- Sunil R. Hingorani, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; William P. Harris, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA; Lei Zheng, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Andrea J. Bullock, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Tara E. Seery, Chan Soon-Shiong Institute for Medicine, El Segundo; Darren S. Sigal, Scripps Cancer Center, La Jolla; Wilson Wu, Dimitrios Chondros, and Ping Jiang, Halozyme Therapeutics, San Diego; Andrew E. Hendifar, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA; Fadi Braiteh, Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV; Paul S. Ritch, Froedtert Hospital and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Mark M. Zalupski, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Nathan Bahary, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Cancer Pavilion, Pittsburgh, PA; Paul E. Oberstein, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Andrea Wang-Gillam, Washington University, St Louis, MO; and Sihem Khelifa, Jie Pu, and Carrie Aldrich, Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ
| | - Mark M Zalupski
- Sunil R. Hingorani, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; William P. Harris, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA; Lei Zheng, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Andrea J. Bullock, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Tara E. Seery, Chan Soon-Shiong Institute for Medicine, El Segundo; Darren S. Sigal, Scripps Cancer Center, La Jolla; Wilson Wu, Dimitrios Chondros, and Ping Jiang, Halozyme Therapeutics, San Diego; Andrew E. Hendifar, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA; Fadi Braiteh, Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV; Paul S. Ritch, Froedtert Hospital and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Mark M. Zalupski, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Nathan Bahary, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Cancer Pavilion, Pittsburgh, PA; Paul E. Oberstein, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Andrea Wang-Gillam, Washington University, St Louis, MO; and Sihem Khelifa, Jie Pu, and Carrie Aldrich, Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ
| | - Nathan Bahary
- Sunil R. Hingorani, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; William P. Harris, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA; Lei Zheng, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Andrea J. Bullock, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Tara E. Seery, Chan Soon-Shiong Institute for Medicine, El Segundo; Darren S. Sigal, Scripps Cancer Center, La Jolla; Wilson Wu, Dimitrios Chondros, and Ping Jiang, Halozyme Therapeutics, San Diego; Andrew E. Hendifar, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA; Fadi Braiteh, Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV; Paul S. Ritch, Froedtert Hospital and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Mark M. Zalupski, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Nathan Bahary, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Cancer Pavilion, Pittsburgh, PA; Paul E. Oberstein, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Andrea Wang-Gillam, Washington University, St Louis, MO; and Sihem Khelifa, Jie Pu, and Carrie Aldrich, Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ
| | - Paul E Oberstein
- Sunil R. Hingorani, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; William P. Harris, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA; Lei Zheng, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Andrea J. Bullock, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Tara E. Seery, Chan Soon-Shiong Institute for Medicine, El Segundo; Darren S. Sigal, Scripps Cancer Center, La Jolla; Wilson Wu, Dimitrios Chondros, and Ping Jiang, Halozyme Therapeutics, San Diego; Andrew E. Hendifar, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA; Fadi Braiteh, Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV; Paul S. Ritch, Froedtert Hospital and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Mark M. Zalupski, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Nathan Bahary, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Cancer Pavilion, Pittsburgh, PA; Paul E. Oberstein, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Andrea Wang-Gillam, Washington University, St Louis, MO; and Sihem Khelifa, Jie Pu, and Carrie Aldrich, Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ
| | - Andrea Wang-Gillam
- Sunil R. Hingorani, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; William P. Harris, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA; Lei Zheng, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Andrea J. Bullock, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Tara E. Seery, Chan Soon-Shiong Institute for Medicine, El Segundo; Darren S. Sigal, Scripps Cancer Center, La Jolla; Wilson Wu, Dimitrios Chondros, and Ping Jiang, Halozyme Therapeutics, San Diego; Andrew E. Hendifar, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA; Fadi Braiteh, Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV; Paul S. Ritch, Froedtert Hospital and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Mark M. Zalupski, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Nathan Bahary, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Cancer Pavilion, Pittsburgh, PA; Paul E. Oberstein, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Andrea Wang-Gillam, Washington University, St Louis, MO; and Sihem Khelifa, Jie Pu, and Carrie Aldrich, Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ
| | - Wilson Wu
- Sunil R. Hingorani, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; William P. Harris, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA; Lei Zheng, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Andrea J. Bullock, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Tara E. Seery, Chan Soon-Shiong Institute for Medicine, El Segundo; Darren S. Sigal, Scripps Cancer Center, La Jolla; Wilson Wu, Dimitrios Chondros, and Ping Jiang, Halozyme Therapeutics, San Diego; Andrew E. Hendifar, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA; Fadi Braiteh, Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV; Paul S. Ritch, Froedtert Hospital and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Mark M. Zalupski, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Nathan Bahary, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Cancer Pavilion, Pittsburgh, PA; Paul E. Oberstein, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Andrea Wang-Gillam, Washington University, St Louis, MO; and Sihem Khelifa, Jie Pu, and Carrie Aldrich, Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ
| | - Dimitrios Chondros
- Sunil R. Hingorani, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; William P. Harris, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA; Lei Zheng, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Andrea J. Bullock, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Tara E. Seery, Chan Soon-Shiong Institute for Medicine, El Segundo; Darren S. Sigal, Scripps Cancer Center, La Jolla; Wilson Wu, Dimitrios Chondros, and Ping Jiang, Halozyme Therapeutics, San Diego; Andrew E. Hendifar, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA; Fadi Braiteh, Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV; Paul S. Ritch, Froedtert Hospital and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Mark M. Zalupski, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Nathan Bahary, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Cancer Pavilion, Pittsburgh, PA; Paul E. Oberstein, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Andrea Wang-Gillam, Washington University, St Louis, MO; and Sihem Khelifa, Jie Pu, and Carrie Aldrich, Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ
| | - Ping Jiang
- Sunil R. Hingorani, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; William P. Harris, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA; Lei Zheng, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Andrea J. Bullock, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Tara E. Seery, Chan Soon-Shiong Institute for Medicine, El Segundo; Darren S. Sigal, Scripps Cancer Center, La Jolla; Wilson Wu, Dimitrios Chondros, and Ping Jiang, Halozyme Therapeutics, San Diego; Andrew E. Hendifar, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA; Fadi Braiteh, Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV; Paul S. Ritch, Froedtert Hospital and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Mark M. Zalupski, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Nathan Bahary, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Cancer Pavilion, Pittsburgh, PA; Paul E. Oberstein, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Andrea Wang-Gillam, Washington University, St Louis, MO; and Sihem Khelifa, Jie Pu, and Carrie Aldrich, Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ
| | - Sihem Khelifa
- Sunil R. Hingorani, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; William P. Harris, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA; Lei Zheng, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Andrea J. Bullock, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Tara E. Seery, Chan Soon-Shiong Institute for Medicine, El Segundo; Darren S. Sigal, Scripps Cancer Center, La Jolla; Wilson Wu, Dimitrios Chondros, and Ping Jiang, Halozyme Therapeutics, San Diego; Andrew E. Hendifar, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA; Fadi Braiteh, Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV; Paul S. Ritch, Froedtert Hospital and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Mark M. Zalupski, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Nathan Bahary, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Cancer Pavilion, Pittsburgh, PA; Paul E. Oberstein, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Andrea Wang-Gillam, Washington University, St Louis, MO; and Sihem Khelifa, Jie Pu, and Carrie Aldrich, Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ
| | - Jie Pu
- Sunil R. Hingorani, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; William P. Harris, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA; Lei Zheng, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Andrea J. Bullock, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Tara E. Seery, Chan Soon-Shiong Institute for Medicine, El Segundo; Darren S. Sigal, Scripps Cancer Center, La Jolla; Wilson Wu, Dimitrios Chondros, and Ping Jiang, Halozyme Therapeutics, San Diego; Andrew E. Hendifar, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA; Fadi Braiteh, Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV; Paul S. Ritch, Froedtert Hospital and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Mark M. Zalupski, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Nathan Bahary, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Cancer Pavilion, Pittsburgh, PA; Paul E. Oberstein, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Andrea Wang-Gillam, Washington University, St Louis, MO; and Sihem Khelifa, Jie Pu, and Carrie Aldrich, Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ
| | - Carrie Aldrich
- Sunil R. Hingorani, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; William P. Harris, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA; Lei Zheng, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Andrea J. Bullock, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Tara E. Seery, Chan Soon-Shiong Institute for Medicine, El Segundo; Darren S. Sigal, Scripps Cancer Center, La Jolla; Wilson Wu, Dimitrios Chondros, and Ping Jiang, Halozyme Therapeutics, San Diego; Andrew E. Hendifar, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA; Fadi Braiteh, Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV; Paul S. Ritch, Froedtert Hospital and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Mark M. Zalupski, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Nathan Bahary, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Cancer Pavilion, Pittsburgh, PA; Paul E. Oberstein, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Andrea Wang-Gillam, Washington University, St Louis, MO; and Sihem Khelifa, Jie Pu, and Carrie Aldrich, Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ
| | - Andrew E Hendifar
- Sunil R. Hingorani, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; William P. Harris, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA; Lei Zheng, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Andrea J. Bullock, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Tara E. Seery, Chan Soon-Shiong Institute for Medicine, El Segundo; Darren S. Sigal, Scripps Cancer Center, La Jolla; Wilson Wu, Dimitrios Chondros, and Ping Jiang, Halozyme Therapeutics, San Diego; Andrew E. Hendifar, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA; Fadi Braiteh, Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV; Paul S. Ritch, Froedtert Hospital and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Mark M. Zalupski, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Nathan Bahary, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Cancer Pavilion, Pittsburgh, PA; Paul E. Oberstein, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Andrea Wang-Gillam, Washington University, St Louis, MO; and Sihem Khelifa, Jie Pu, and Carrie Aldrich, Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ
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How Signaling Molecules Regulate Tumor Microenvironment: Parallels to Wound Repair. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111818. [PMID: 29072623 PMCID: PMC6150347 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now suggested that the inhibition of biological programs that are associated with the tumor microenvironment may be critical to the diagnostics, prevention and treatment of cancer. On the other hand, a suitable wound microenvironment would accelerate tissue repair and prevent extensive scar formation. In the present review paper, we define key signaling molecules (growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and galectins) involved in the formation of the tumor microenvironment that decrease overall survival and increase drug resistance in cancer suffering patients. Additional attention will also be given to show whether targeted modulation of these regulators promote tissue regeneration and wound management. Whole-genome transcriptome profiling, in vitro and animal experiments revealed that interleukin 6, interleukin 8, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1, galectin-1, and selected proteins of the extracellular matrix (e.g., fibronectin) do have similar regulation during wound healing and tumor growth. Published data demonstrate remarkable similarities between the tumor and wound microenvironments. Therefore, tailor made manipulation of cancer stroma can have important therapeutic consequences. Moreover, better understanding of cancer cell-stroma interaction can help to improve wound healing by supporting granulation tissue formation and process of reepithelization of extensive and chronic wounds as well as prevention of hypertrophic scars and formation of keloids.
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Infante JR, Korn RL, Rosen LS, LoRusso P, Dychter SS, Zhu J, Maneval DC, Jiang P, Shepard HM, Frost G, Von Hoff DD, Borad MJ, Ramanathan RK. Phase 1 trials of PEGylated recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20 in patients with advanced solid tumours. Br J Cancer 2017; 118:153-161. [PMID: 28949957 PMCID: PMC5785735 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hyaluronan accumulation in tumour stroma is associated with reduced survival in preclinical cancer models. PEGPH20 degrades hyaluronan to facilitate tumour access for cancer therapies. Our objective was to assess safety and antitumour activity of PEGPH20 in patients with advanced solid tumours. Methods: In HALO-109-101 (N=14), PEGPH20 was administered intravenously once or twice weekly (0.5 or 50 μg kg−1) or once every 3 weeks (0.5–1.5 μg kg−1). In HALO-109-102 (N=27), PEGPH20 was administered once or twice weekly (0.5–5.0 μg kg−1), with dexamethasone predose and postdose. Results: Dose-limiting toxicities included grade ⩾3 myalgia, arthralgia, and muscle spasms; the maximum tolerated dose was 3.0 μg kg−1 twice weekly. Plasma hyaluronan increased in a dose-dependent manner, achieving steady state by Day 8 in multidose studies. A decrease in tumour hyaluronan level was observed in 5 of the 6 patients with pretreatment and posttreatment tumour biopsies. Exploratory imaging showed changes in tumour perfusion and decreased tumour metabolic activity, consistent with observations in animal models. Conclusions: The tumour stroma has emerging importance in the development of cancer therapeutics. PEGPH20 3.0 μg kg−1 administered twice weekly is feasible in patients with advanced cancers; exploratory analyses indicate antitumour activity supporting further evaluation of PEGPH20 in solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Infante
- Early Development Oncology, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Ronald L Korn
- Scottsdale Medical Imaging, 9700 N. 91st Suite C-200, Scottsdale, AZ 85258, USA
| | - Lee S Rosen
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California - Los Angeles, 2020 Santa Monica Boulevard, Suite 600, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | | | - Samuel S Dychter
- Fate Therapeutics, Inc., 3535 General Atomics Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Joy Zhu
- SBIO Pte, Ltd., 1 Science Park Road, #05-09, The Capricorn Science Park 2, Singapore, 117 528, Singapore
| | - Daniel C Maneval
- Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., 11388 Sorrento Valley Road, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Ping Jiang
- Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., 11388 Sorrento Valley Road, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - H Michael Shepard
- Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., 11388 Sorrento Valley Road, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Gregory Frost
- F1 Bioventures LLC, 505 S. Flagler Drive, West Palm Beach, FL 33401, USA
| | - Daniel D Von Hoff
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), 445 N. Fifth Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Mitesh J Borad
- Mayo Clinic, 13400 E. Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
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Abstract
There has been dramatic success in treating patients with adoptive transfer of autologous T cells genetically modified to express a chimeric antigen receptor redirecting them to the antigen CD19. Despite this success, the application of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in solid malignancies has encountered many challenges that need to be overcome if similar success across other cancers is to become a reality. These challenges can be classified into 6 categories: the heterogeneity of tumor cell clones and tumor-associated antigen expression; poor T-cell trafficking into the tumor site; poor T-cell survival and persistence; the presence of suppressive immune cells; the secretion of suppressive soluble factors in the tumor microenvironment; and the upregulation of T-cell intrinsic inhibitory pathways. We outline specific representative hurdles in each of these categories and summarize the progress made in understanding them and developing strategies to overcome them.
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Gebauer F, Kemper M, Sauter G, Prehm P, Schumacher U. Is hyaluronan deposition in the stroma of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma of prognostic significance? PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178703. [PMID: 28582436 PMCID: PMC5459453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a dismal prognosis and the number of PDAC-related deaths is rising. Recently the tumour stroma and in particular one of its main components, hyaluronan (HA), have attracted considerable attention as intravenous hyaluronidase treatment together with conventional chemotherapy considerably prolonged survival in HA-rich PDA patients. We therefore wanted to investigate the prognostic significance of HA deposition in PDA using both antibodies to HA and hyaluronan binding protein (HABP). MATERIAL AND METHODS Tissue microarrays of PDAs of 184 patients and pancreatic xenografts tumours were immunohistochemically (IHC) stained for HA using either biotinylated hyaluronic acid binding protein (HABP) or anti-HA antibody. RESULTS The pattern of staining with HABP differed significantly from that with antibody IHC. Antibody staining was found both within cancer cells and in the extracellular matrix and staining could not be eliminated by hyaluronidase predigestion of the tissue sections. In contrast, HABP staining was generally confined to the extracellular matrix and was completely abolished by hyaluronidase pretreatment. HA positivity as determined by HABP was associated with larger primary tumours (p = 0.046). There were no correlations between overall survival, disease-free survival and HA expression. CONCLUSION Presence of HA alone is not of prognostic importance in PDAC, and IHC with utilization of antibody detection shows no reliable staining pattern and should not be applied for HA IHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Gebauer
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marius Kemper
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Centre for Diagnostic, Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Udo Schumacher
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Wade SJ, Zuzic A, Foroughi J, Talebian S, Aghmesheh M, Moulton SE, Vine KL. Preparation and in vitro assessment of wet-spun gemcitabine-loaded polymeric fibers: Towards localized drug delivery for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Pancreatology 2017; 17:795-804. [PMID: 28619283 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES There has been minimal improvement in the prognosis of pancreatic cancer cases in the past 3 decades highlighting the crucial need for more effective therapeutic approaches. A drug delivery system capable of locally delivering high concentrations of chemotherapeutics directly at the site of the tumor is clearly required. The aim of this study was to fabricate and characterize the biophysical properties of gemcitabine-eluting wet-spun polymeric fibers for localized drug delivery applications. METHODS/RESULTS Fibers spun from alginate or chitosan solutions with or without the anticancer drug gemcitabine had a uniform surface area, were internally homogeneous and ranged from 50-120 μm in diameter. Drug encapsulation ranged from 13-52%, depending on the type and concentration of polymer used. Gemcitabine displayed first-order release kinetics where 64-82% of the loaded drug was rapidly released within the first 10 h followed by a sustained release over the next 134 h. A time dependent inhibition of ex vivo tumor spheroid growth and cell viability was observed after incubation with gemcitabine-loaded fibers but not control fibers. CONCLUSION With further development these studies could lead to the manufacture of a safe and effective delivery system designed to combat non-resectable pancreatic cancer for which currently there is minimal chance of cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Wade
- School of Biological Sciences, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Centre for Medical and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Amanda Zuzic
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Javad Foroughi
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Sepehr Talebian
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Morteza Aghmesheh
- Illawarra Cancer Care Centre, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Area Health District, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon E Moulton
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Vic, Australia.
| | - Kara L Vine
- School of Biological Sciences, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Centre for Medical and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
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Antonia SJ, Vansteenkiste JF, Moon E. Immunotherapy: Beyond Anti-PD-1 and Anti-PD-L1 Therapies. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2017; 35:e450-8. [PMID: 27249753 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_158712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer are cancers in which chemotherapy produces a survival benefit, although it is small. We now know that anti-PD-1/PD-L1 has substantial clinical activity in both of these diseases, with an overall response rate (ORR) of 15%-20%. These responses are frequently rapid and durable, increase median overall survival (OS) compared with chemotherapy, and produce long-term survivors. Despite these very significant results, many patients do not benefit from anti-PD-1/PD-L1. This is because of the potential for malignancies to co-opt myriad immunosuppressive mechanisms other than aberrant expression of PD-L1. Conceptually, these can be divided into three categories. First, for some patients there is likely a failure to generate sufficient functional tumor antigen-specific T cells. Second, for others, tumor antigen-specific T cells may be generated but fail to enter into the tumor parenchyma. Finally, there are a large number of immunosuppressive mechanisms that have the potential to be operational within the tumor microenvironment: surface membrane immune checkpoint proteins PD-1, CTLA-4, LAG3, TIM3, BTLA, and adenosine A2AR; soluble factors and metabolic alterations interleukin (IL)-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, adenosine, IDO, and arginase; and inhibitory cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and tumor-associated macrophages. In this article, we discuss three strategies to generate more tumor-reactive T cells for patients: anti-CTLA-4, therapeutic tumor vaccination, and adoptive cellular therapy, with T cells redirected to tumor antigens using T-cell receptor (TCR) or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) gene modification. We also review some of the various strategies in development to thwart tumor microenvironment immunosuppressive mechanisms. Strategies to drive more T cells into tumors remain a significant challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Antonia
- From the Department of Thoracic Oncology Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Respiratory Oncology Unit, University Hospital KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Johan F Vansteenkiste
- From the Department of Thoracic Oncology Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Respiratory Oncology Unit, University Hospital KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Edmund Moon
- From the Department of Thoracic Oncology Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Respiratory Oncology Unit, University Hospital KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Hsu LJ, Chiang MF, Sze CI, Su WP, Yap YV, Lee IT, Kuo HL, Chang NS. HYAL-2-WWOX-SMAD4 Signaling in Cell Death and Anticancer Response. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:141. [PMID: 27999774 PMCID: PMC5138198 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronidase HYAL-2 is a membrane-anchored protein and also localizes, in part, in the lysosome. Recent study from animal models revealed that both HYAL-1 and HYAL-2 are essential for the metabolism of hyaluronan (HA). Hyal-2 deficiency is associated with chronic thrombotic microangiopathy with hemolytic anemia in mice due to over accumulation of high molecular size HA. HYAL-2 is essential for platelet generation. Membrane HYAL-2 degrades HA bound by co-receptor CD44. Also, in a non-canonical signal pathway, HYAL-2 serves as a receptor for transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) to signal with downstream tumor suppressors WWOX and SMAD4 to control gene transcription. When SMAD4 responsive element is overly driven by the HYAL-2–WWOX–SMAD4 signaling complex, cell death occurs. When rats are subjected to traumatic brain injury, over accumulation of a HYAL-2–WWOX complex occurs in the nucleus to cause neuronal death. HA induces the signaling of HYAL-2–WWOX–SMAD4 and relocation of the signaling complex to the nucleus. If the signaling complex is overexpressed, bubbling cell death occurs in WWOX-expressing cells. In addition, a small synthetic peptide Zfra (zinc finger-like protein that regulates apoptosis) binds membrane HYAL-2 of non-T/non-B spleen HYAL-2+ CD3− CD19− Z lymphocytes and activates the cells to generate memory anticancer response against many types of cancer cells in vivo. Whether the HYAL-2–WWOX–SMAD4 signaling complex is involved is discussed. In this review and opinion article, we have updated the current knowledge of HA, HYAL-2 and WWOX, HYAL-2–WWOX–SMAD4 signaling, bubbling cell death, and Z cell activation for memory anticancer response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jin Hsu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fu Chiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, and Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei Medical University Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-I Sze
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Pei Su
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ye Vone Yap
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Tainan, Taiwan
| | - I-Ting Lee
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Ling Kuo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Shan Chang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan; Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan; Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan; Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental DisabilitiesStaten Island, NY, USA; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
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Shendi D, Albrecht DR, Jain A. Anti-Fas conjugated hyaluronic acid microsphere gels for neural stem cell delivery. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 105:608-618. [PMID: 27737520 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) injuries and diseases result in neuronal damage and loss of function. Transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) has been shown to improve locomotor function after transplantation. However, due to the immune and inflammatory response at the injury site, the survival rate of the engrafted cells is low. Engrafted cell viability has been shown to increase when transplanted within a hydrogel. Hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels have natural anti-inflammatory properties and the backbone can be modified to introduce bioactive agents, such as anti-Fas, which we have previously shown to promote NSC survival while suppressing immune cell activity in bulk hydrogels in vitro. Although bulk HA hydrogels have shown to promote stem cell survival, microsphere gels for NSC encapsulation and delivery may have additional advantages. In this study, a flow-focusing microfluidic device was used to fabricate either vinyl sulfone-modified HA (VS-HA) or anti-Fas-conjugated HA (anti-Fas HA) microsphere gels encapsulated with NSCs. The majority of encapsulated NSCs remained viable for at least 24 h in the VS-HA and anti-Fas HA microsphere gels. Moreover, T-cells cultured in suspension with the anti-Fas HA microsphere gels had reduced viability after contact with the microsphere gels compared to the media control and soluble anti-Fas conditions. This approach can be adapted to encapsulate various cell types for therapeutic strategies in other physiological systems in order to increase survival by reducing the immune response. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 608-618, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Shendi
- Nano-Neural Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Dirk R Albrecht
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Anjana Jain
- Nano-Neural Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increased production and processing (degradation) of hyaluronan (HA) is critical for cancer invasion and metastasis. Although HA is known to be overexpressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), little is known about the expression and biological significance of HA-degrading enzymes, hyaluronidases (HYALs), in PDAC. METHODS Expression of HYALs mRNA was examined in PDAC cells by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. HYAL1 protein expression was examined in primary PDAC tumors by enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay. The migratory ability of PDAC cells was determined by a transwell cell migration assay. RESULTS Screening of mRNA expression of three major HYAL genes (HYAL1, 2, and 3) identified HYAL1 as a gene overexpressed in PDAC cells. Treatment of PDAC cells with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and/or trichostatin A further increased the HYAL1 expression, suggesting a possible involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in the transcriptional regulation of this gene. HYAL1 protein concentrations were significantly higher in primary PDAC tissues as compared with nontumor pancreatic tissues (P = 0.049). Importantly, inhibition of HYAL activity by dextran sulfate significantly inhibited the migration of PDAC cells showing strong HYAL1 expression (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that overexpression of HYAL1 is a common mechanism that may contribute to the aggressive phenotype of PDAC.
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Rankin KS, Frankel D. Hyaluronan in cancer - from the naked mole rat to nanoparticle therapy. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:3841-8. [PMID: 27079782 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00513f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronan, a glycosaminoglycan, abundant in the tumour microenvironment, is a key player in many processes associated with cancer. Recently the cancer resistance of the naked mole rat has been attributed to the presence of an ultra-high molecular weight form of this molecule. The physical properties of this multifunctional biopolymer have been extensively studied in the context of synovial joints. However, relatively little has been reported with regard to the soft matter properties of hyaluronan in relation to cancer. In this review we examine the role of hyaluronan in cancer, paying particular attention to its mechanical interactions with malignant cells and its soft matter properties. In addition we discuss the use of hyaluronan based gels to study cancer invasion as well as nanoparticle based strategies for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth S Rankin
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
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Sato N, Kohi S, Hirata K, Goggins M. Role of hyaluronan in pancreatic cancer biology and therapy: Once again in the spotlight. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:569-75. [PMID: 26918382 PMCID: PMC4970823 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains the most deadly disease worldwide, with the lowest survival rate among all cancer types. Recent evidence suggests that hyaluronan (HA), a major component of ECM, provides a favorable microenvironment for cancer progression. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is typically characterized by a dense desmoplastic stroma containing a large amount of HA. Accumulation of HA promotes tumor growth in mice and correlates with poor prognosis in patients with PDAC. Because HA is involved in various malignant behaviors of cancer (such as increased cell proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and chemoresistance), inhibiting HA synthesis/signaling or depleting HA in tumor stroma could represent a promising therapeutic strategy against PDAC. In this review article, we summarize our current understanding of the role of HA in the progression of PDAC and discuss possible therapeutic approaches targeting HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiro Sato
- Department of Surgery 1School of MedicineUniversity of Occupational and Environmental HealthKitakyushuJapan
| | - Shiro Kohi
- Department of Surgery 1School of MedicineUniversity of Occupational and Environmental HealthKitakyushuJapan
| | - Keiji Hirata
- Department of Surgery 1School of MedicineUniversity of Occupational and Environmental HealthKitakyushuJapan
| | - Michael Goggins
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins Medical InstitutionsBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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