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Kolokotronis T, Majchrzak-Stiller B, Buchholz M, Mense V, Strotmann J, Peters I, Skrzypczyk L, Liffers ST, Menkene LM, Wagner M, Glanemann M, Betsou F, Ammerlaan W, Schmidt R, Schröder C, Uhl W, Braumann C, Höhn P. Differential miRNA and Protein Expression Reveals miR-1285, Its Targets TGM2 and CDH-1, as Well as CD166 and S100A13 as Potential New Biomarkers in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2726. [PMID: 39123454 PMCID: PMC11311671 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16152726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Early detection of PDAC remains challenging due to the lack of early symptoms and the absence of reliable biomarkers. The aim of the present project was to identify miRNA and proteomics signatures discriminating PDAC patients with DM from nondiabetic PDAC patients. Proteomics analysis and miRNA array were used for protein and miRNA screening. We used Western blotting and Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for protein and miRNA validation. Comparisons between experimental groups with normal distributions were performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test, and pairwise tests were performed using t-tests. p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Protein clusters of differentiation 166 (CD166), glycoprotein CD63 (CD63), S100 calcium-binding protein A13 (S100A13), and tumor necrosis factor-β (TNF-β) were detected in the proteomics screening. The miRNA assay revealed a differential miRNA 1285 regulation. Previously described target proteins of miR-1285 cadherin-1 (CDH-1), cellular Jun (c-Jun), p53, mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 (Smad4), human transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) and yes-associated protein (YAP), were validated via Western blotting. miR-1285-3p was successfully validated as differentially regulated in PDAC + DM via qRT-PCR. Overall, our data suggest miRNA1285-3p, TGM2, CDH-1, CD166, and S100A13 as potential meaningful biomarker candidates to characterize patients with PDAC + DM. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD053169.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Kolokotronis
- St. Josef Hospital Bochum, Surgical Clinic, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstr. 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany; (B.M.-S.); (M.B.); (V.M.); (J.S.); (I.P.); (L.S.); (W.U.); (C.B.); (P.H.)
- Institute of Pathology and Surgical Clinic, University Hospital of Saarland, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66424 Homburg, Germany; (L.M.M.); (M.W.)
| | - Britta Majchrzak-Stiller
- St. Josef Hospital Bochum, Surgical Clinic, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstr. 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany; (B.M.-S.); (M.B.); (V.M.); (J.S.); (I.P.); (L.S.); (W.U.); (C.B.); (P.H.)
| | - Marie Buchholz
- St. Josef Hospital Bochum, Surgical Clinic, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstr. 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany; (B.M.-S.); (M.B.); (V.M.); (J.S.); (I.P.); (L.S.); (W.U.); (C.B.); (P.H.)
| | - Vanessa Mense
- St. Josef Hospital Bochum, Surgical Clinic, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstr. 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany; (B.M.-S.); (M.B.); (V.M.); (J.S.); (I.P.); (L.S.); (W.U.); (C.B.); (P.H.)
| | - Johanna Strotmann
- St. Josef Hospital Bochum, Surgical Clinic, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstr. 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany; (B.M.-S.); (M.B.); (V.M.); (J.S.); (I.P.); (L.S.); (W.U.); (C.B.); (P.H.)
| | - Ilka Peters
- St. Josef Hospital Bochum, Surgical Clinic, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstr. 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany; (B.M.-S.); (M.B.); (V.M.); (J.S.); (I.P.); (L.S.); (W.U.); (C.B.); (P.H.)
| | - Lea Skrzypczyk
- St. Josef Hospital Bochum, Surgical Clinic, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstr. 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany; (B.M.-S.); (M.B.); (V.M.); (J.S.); (I.P.); (L.S.); (W.U.); (C.B.); (P.H.)
| | - Sven-Thorsten Liffers
- University Hospital Essen, Bridging Institute for Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Tumor Center Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Louise Massia Menkene
- Institute of Pathology and Surgical Clinic, University Hospital of Saarland, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66424 Homburg, Germany; (L.M.M.); (M.W.)
| | - Mathias Wagner
- Institute of Pathology and Surgical Clinic, University Hospital of Saarland, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66424 Homburg, Germany; (L.M.M.); (M.W.)
| | - Matthias Glanemann
- Institute of Pathology and Surgical Clinic, University Hospital of Saarland, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66424 Homburg, Germany; (L.M.M.); (M.W.)
| | - Fay Betsou
- CRBIP, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cite, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Wim Ammerlaan
- IBBL (Integrated BioBank of Luxembourg), 1, Rue Louis Rech, L-3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg;
| | - Ronny Schmidt
- Sciomics GmbH, Karl-Landsteiner Str. 6, 69151 Heidelberg, Germany; (R.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Christoph Schröder
- Sciomics GmbH, Karl-Landsteiner Str. 6, 69151 Heidelberg, Germany; (R.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Waldemar Uhl
- St. Josef Hospital Bochum, Surgical Clinic, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstr. 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany; (B.M.-S.); (M.B.); (V.M.); (J.S.); (I.P.); (L.S.); (W.U.); (C.B.); (P.H.)
| | - Chris Braumann
- St. Josef Hospital Bochum, Surgical Clinic, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstr. 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany; (B.M.-S.); (M.B.); (V.M.); (J.S.); (I.P.); (L.S.); (W.U.); (C.B.); (P.H.)
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, EvK Gelsenkirchen, University Duisburg-Essen, Munckelstr. 27, 45879 Gelsenkirchen, Germany
| | - Philipp Höhn
- St. Josef Hospital Bochum, Surgical Clinic, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstr. 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany; (B.M.-S.); (M.B.); (V.M.); (J.S.); (I.P.); (L.S.); (W.U.); (C.B.); (P.H.)
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2
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Bollino D, Hameed K, Bhat A, Zarrabi A, Casildo A, Ma X, Tighe KM, Carter-Cooper B, Strovel ET, Lapidus RG, Emadi A. Long-acting Erwinia chrysanthemi, Pegcrisantaspase, induces alternate amino acid biosynthetic pathways in a preclinical model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Metab 2024; 12:19. [PMID: 38951899 PMCID: PMC11218198 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-024-00346-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive disease without meaningful therapeutic options beyond the first salvage therapy. Targeting PDAC metabolism through amino acid restriction has emerged as a promising new strategy, with asparaginases, enzymes that deplete plasma glutamine and asparagine, reaching clinical trials. In this study, we investigated the anti-PDAC activity of the asparaginase formulation Pegcrisantaspase (PegC) alone and in combination with standard-of-care chemotherapeutics. METHODS Using mouse and human PDAC cell lines, we assessed the impact of PegC on cell proliferation, cell death, and cell cycle progression. We further characterized the in vitro effect of PegC on protein synthesis as well as the generation of reactive oxygen species and levels of glutathione, a major cellular antioxidant. Additional cell line studies examined the effect of the combination of PegC with standard-of-care chemotherapeutics. In vivo, the tolerability and efficacy of PegC, as well as the impact on plasma amino acid levels, was assessed using the C57BL/6-derived KPC syngeneic mouse model. RESULTS Here we report that PegC demonstrated potent anti-proliferative activity in a panel of human and murine PDAC cell lines. This decrease in proliferation was accompanied by inhibited protein synthesis and decreased levels of glutathione. In vivo, PegC was tolerable and effectively reduced plasma levels of glutamine and asparagine, leading to a statistically significant inhibition of tumor growth in a syngeneic mouse model of PDAC. There was no observable in vitro or in vivo benefit to combining PegC with standard-of-care chemotherapeutics, including oxaliplatin, irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil, paclitaxel, and gemcitabine. Notably, PegC treatment increased tumor expression of asparagine and serine biosynthetic enzymes. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results demonstrate the potential therapeutic use of PegC in PDAC and highlight the importance of identifying candidates for combination regimens that could improve cytotoxicity and/or reduce the induction of resistance pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Bollino
- Department of Medical Oncology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Kanwal Hameed
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anusha Bhat
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arveen Zarrabi
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrea Casildo
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xinrong Ma
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kayla M Tighe
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brandon Carter-Cooper
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erin T Strovel
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rena G Lapidus
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ashkan Emadi
- Department of Medical Oncology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA.
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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3
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Osipov A, Nikolic O, Gertych A, Parker S, Hendifar A, Singh P, Filippova D, Dagliyan G, Ferrone CR, Zheng L, Moore JH, Tourtellotte W, Van Eyk JE, Theodorescu D. The Molecular Twin artificial-intelligence platform integrates multi-omic data to predict outcomes for pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients. NATURE CANCER 2024; 5:299-314. [PMID: 38253803 PMCID: PMC10899109 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00697-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Contemporary analyses focused on a limited number of clinical and molecular biomarkers have been unable to accurately predict clinical outcomes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Here we describe a precision medicine platform known as the Molecular Twin consisting of advanced machine-learning models and use it to analyze a dataset of 6,363 clinical and multi-omic molecular features from patients with resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma to accurately predict disease survival (DS). We show that a full multi-omic model predicts DS with the highest accuracy and that plasma protein is the top single-omic predictor of DS. A parsimonious model learning only 589 multi-omic features demonstrated similar predictive performance as the full multi-omic model. Our platform enables discovery of parsimonious biomarker panels and performance assessment of outcome prediction models learning from resource-intensive panels. This approach has considerable potential to impact clinical care and democratize precision cancer medicine worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsen Osipov
- Department of Medicine (Medical Oncology), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Oncology, Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Arkadiusz Gertych
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Parker
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Hendifar
- Department of Medicine (Medical Oncology), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Grant Dagliyan
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cristina R Ferrone
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jason H Moore
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Computational Biomedicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Warren Tourtellotte
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dan Theodorescu
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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4
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Chiorean EG, Picozzi V, Li C, Peeters M, Maurel J, Singh J, Golan T, Blanc J, Chapman SC, Hussain AM, Johnston EL, Hochster HS. Efficacy and safety of abemaciclib alone and with PI3K/mTOR inhibitor LY3023414 or galunisertib versus chemotherapy in previously treated metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma: A randomized controlled trial. Cancer Med 2023; 12:20353-20364. [PMID: 37840530 PMCID: PMC10652308 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) are characterized by frequent cell cycle pathways aberrations. This study evaluated safety and efficacy of abemaciclib, a cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitor, as monotherapy or in combination with PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor LY3023414 or TGFβ inhibitor galunisertib versus standard of care (SOC) chemotherapy in patients with pretreated metastatic PDAC. METHODS This Phase 2 open-label study enrolled patients with metastatic PDAC who progressed after 1-2 prior therapies. Patients were enrolled in a safety lead-in (abemaciclib plus galunisertib) followed by a 2-stage randomized design. Stage 1 randomization was planned 1:1:1:1 for abemaciclib, abemaciclib plus LY3023414, abemaciclib plus galunisertib, or SOC gemcitabine or capecitabine. Advancing to Stage 2 required a disease control rate (DCR) difference ≥0 in abemaciclib-containing arms versus SOC. Primary objectives for Stages 1 and 2 were DCR and progression-free survival (PFS), respectively. Secondary objectives included response rate, overall survival, safety, and pharmacokinetics. RESULTS One hundred and six patients were enrolled. Abemaciclib plus galunisertib did not advance to Stage 1 for reasons unrelated to safety or efficacy. Stage 1 DCR was 15.2% with abemaciclib monotherapy, 12.1% with abemaciclib plus LY3023414, and 36.4% with SOC. Median PFS was 1.7 months (95% CI: 1.4-1.8), 1.8 months (95% CI: 1.3-1.9), and 3.3 months (95% CI: 1.1-5.7), respectively. No arms advanced to Stage 2. No new safety signals were identified. CONCLUSION In patients with pretreated metastatic PDAC, abemaciclib-based therapy did not improve DCRs or PFS compared with SOC chemotherapy. No treatment arms advanced to Stage 2. Abemaciclib remains investigational in patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Gabriela Chiorean
- University of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Vincent Picozzi
- Virginia Mason Hospital and Medical CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Chung‐Pin Li
- Division of Clinical Skills Training, Department of Medical EducationTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of MedicineTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Therapeutic and Research Center of Pancreatic CancerTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- School of Medicine, College of MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Marc Peeters
- Department of OncologyAntwerp University HospitalAntwerpBelgium
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Joan Maurel
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Group, IDIBAPSUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Jaswinder Singh
- Sarah Cannon Cancer Institute at Research Medical CenterKansas CityMissouriUSA
| | - Talia Golan
- Oncology Institute, Sheba M9edical Center at Tel‐HashomerTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Jean‐Frédéric Blanc
- Service d'Hépato‐Gastroentérologie et d'Oncologie DigestiveGroupe Hospitalier Haut‐LévêqueCHU BordeauxPessacFrance
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5
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McBrearty N, Cho C, Chen J, Zahedi F, Peck AR, Radaelli E, Assenmacher CA, Pavlak C, Devine A, Yu P, Lu Z, Zhang H, Li J, Pitarresi JR, Astsaturov I, Cukierman E, Rustgi AK, Stanger BZ, Rui H, Fuchs SY. Tumor-Suppressive and Immune-Stimulating Roles of Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:228-239. [PMID: 36378658 PMCID: PMC9992122 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol dependence is an essential characteristic of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H) catalyzes monooxygenation of cholesterol into 25-hydroxycholesterol, which is implicated in inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis and in cholesterol depletion. Here, we show that, within PDAC cells, accumulation of cholesterol was facilitated by the loss of CH25H. Methylation of the CH25H gene and decreased levels of CH25H expression occurred in human pancreatic cancers and was associated with poor prognosis. Knockout of Ch25h in mice accelerated progression of Kras-driven pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Conversely, restoration of CH25H expression in human and mouse PDAC cells decreased their viability under conditions of cholesterol deficit, and decelerated tumor growth in immune competent hosts. Mechanistically, the loss of CH25H promoted autophagy resulting in downregulation of MHC-I and decreased CD8+ T-cell tumor infiltration. Re-expression of CH25H in PDAC cells combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors notably inhibited tumor growth. We discuss additional benefits that PDAC cells might gain from inactivation of CH25H and the potential translational importance of these findings for therapeutic approaches to PDAC. IMPLICATIONS Loss of CH25H by pancreatic cancer cells may stimulate tumor progression and interfere with immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen McBrearty
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christina Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jinyun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Farima Zahedi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amy R. Peck
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Enrico Radaelli
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Charles-Antoine Assenmacher
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Clarice Pavlak
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anne Devine
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pengfei Yu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhen Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hongru Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jinyang Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine and Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jason R. Pitarresi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine and Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Igor Astsaturov
- Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edna Cukierman
- Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anil K. Rustgi
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ben Z. Stanger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine and Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hallgeir Rui
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Serge Y. Fuchs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β: A True Foe in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214133. [PMID: 36430630 PMCID: PMC9696080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β) is a serine/threonine protein kinase involved in multiple normal and pathological cell functions, including cell signalling and metabolism. GSK-3β is highly expressed in the onset and progression of multiple cancers with strong involvement in the regulation of proliferation, apoptosis, and chemoresistance. Multiple studies showed pro- and anti-cancer roles of GSK-3β creating confusion about the benefit of targeting GSK-3β for treating cancer. In this mini-review, we focus on the role of GSK-3β in pancreatic cancer. We demonstrate that the proposed anti-cancer roles of GSK-3β are not relevant to pancreatic cancer, and we argue why GSK-3β is, indeed, a very promising therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer.
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7
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Mortazavi M, Moosavi F, Martini M, Giovannetti E, Firuzi O. Prospects of targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in pancreatic cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 176:103749. [PMID: 35728737 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has one of the worst prognoses among all malignancies. PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, a main downstream effector of KRAS is involved in the regulation of key hallmarks of cancer. We here report that whole-genome analyses demonstrate the frequent involvement of aberrant activations of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway components in PDAC patients and critically evaluate preclinical and clinical evidence on the application of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway targeting agents. Combinations of these agents with chemotherapeutics or other targeted therapies, including the modulators of cyclin-dependent kinases, receptor tyrosine kinases and RAF/MEK/ERK pathway are also examined. Although human genetic studies and preclinical pharmacological investigations have provided strong evidence on the role of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in PDAC, clinical studies in general have not been as promising. Patient stratification seems to be the key missing point and with the advent of biomarker-guided clinical trials, targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway could provide valuable assets for treatment of pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motahareh Mortazavi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moosavi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Miriam Martini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazine Pisana per la Scienza, Pisa, Italy
| | - Omidreza Firuzi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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8
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Ettrich TJ, Sturm N, Güthle M, Hüttner FJ, Perkhofer L. Pancreatic Cancer: Current Multimodality Treatment Options and the Future Impact of Molecular Biological Profiling. Visc Med 2022; 38:20-29. [PMID: 35295894 PMCID: PMC8874237 DOI: 10.1159/000521631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer (PDAC) - even if deemed resectable - has still a dismal prognosis and is the seventh leading cause of global cancer-related death with rising incidence worldwide. Summary Surgical resection at best in combination with adjuvant systemic chemotherapy is the only potentially curative treatment. Surgical treatment has substantially improved over the last years with significantly reduced perioperative morbidity and mortality. Even when deemed radiologically resectable, the majority of PDAC is likely to have micrometastases, leaving most PDAC patients with an advanced stage. Recent 5-year overall survival was up to 46% in patients eligible for surgery with intensified adjuvant chemotherapy. Eligible for curative surgery are about one-third of the patients, and only 20% of these patients have the option for cure with surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. Standards of care in treating PDAC patients include various mostly combinational chemotherapy approaches in the advanced and adjuvant setting. Moreover, first targeted therapies for individualizing treatment, e.g., specific subgroups like BRCA1/2 germline mutated patients, were established lately. Neoadjuvant concepts are currently part of research. This review focuses on current and future multimodal treatment options of PDAC and the impact of molecular profiling for individualizing treatment. Key Messages State of the art in pancreatic cancer therapy is multimodal and includes novel strategies to allow molecular defined subgroup-specific treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Ettrich
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany,*Thomas J. Ettrich,
| | - Niklas Sturm
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Güthle
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Felix J. Hüttner
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lukas Perkhofer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
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Feng Y, Jiang Y, Hao F. GSK2126458 has the potential to inhibit the proliferation of pancreatic cancer uncovered by bioinformatics analysis and pharmacological experiments. J Transl Med 2021; 19:373. [PMID: 34461940 PMCID: PMC8406597 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is one of the most serious digestive malignancies. At present, there is an extreme lack of effective strategies in clinical treatment. The purpose of this study is to identify key genes and pathways in the development of pancreatic cancer and provide targets for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. METHODS GSE15471 and GSE62165 were used to screen differentially expressed genes by GEO2R tool. Hub genes prognostic potential assessed using the GEPIA and Kaplan-Meier plotter databases. The drug susceptibility data of pan-cancer cell lines is provided by The Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer Project (GDSC). Finally, the effects of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway inhibitors on cell viability of pancreatic cancer cells were detected by cell proliferation and invasion assays. RESULTS A total of 609 differentially expressed genes were screened and enriched in the focal adhesion, phagosome and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Of the 15 hub genes we found, four were primarily associated with the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, including COL3A1, EGF, FN1 and ITGA2. GDSC analysis showed that mTOR inhibitors are very sensitive to pancreatic cancer cells with mutations in EWSR1.FLI1 and RNF43. Cell proliferation and invasion results showed that mTOR inhibitors (GSK2126458) can inhibit the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway may be a key pathway for pancreatic cancer, our study uncovered the potential therapeutic potential of GSK2126458, a specific mTOR inhibitor, for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqin Feng
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yuguan Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Fengjin Hao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
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10
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AMPK Is the Crucial Target for the CDK4/6 Inhibitors Mediated Therapeutic Responses in PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines. STRESSES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/stresses1010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The survival rate of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients is short, and PDAC is a cancer type that ranks fourth in the statistics regarding death due to cancer. Mutation in the KRAS gene, which plays a role in pancreatic cancer development, activates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. The activity of the AMPK as a cellular energy sensor is one of the fundamental mechanisms that can induce effective therapeutic responses against CDK4/6 inhibitors via adjusting the cellular and tumor microenvironment stress management. The phosphorylation of AMPKα at the different phosphorylation residues such as Thr172 and Ser 377 causes metabolic differentiation in the cells following CDK4/6 inhibitor treatment in accordance with an increased cell cycle arrest and senescence under the control of different cellular players. In this study, we examined the competencies of the CDK4/6 inhibitors LY2835219 and PD-0332991 on the mechanism of cell survival and death based on AMPK signaling. Both CDK4/6 inhibitors LY2835219 and PD-0332991 modulated different molecular players on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and AMPK signaling axis in different ways to reduce cell survival in a cell type dependent manner. These drugs are potential inducers of apoptosis and senescence that can alter the therapeutic efficacy cells.
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11
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Nandi T, Pradyuth S, Singh AK, Chitkara D, Mittal A. Therapeutic agents for targeting desmoplasia: current status and emerging trends. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:S1359-6446(20)30365-2. [PMID: 32947044 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Desmoplasia is a major barrier to chemotherapy in several cancers, particularly pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and breast cancer. Tumors comprise of cellular and noncellular components and chemoresistant cancer stem cells (CSCs) with established signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss drugs, such as pentoxifylline, aspirin, and metformin, that have been repurposed and investigated for their antidesmoplastic activity in combination with antitumor drugs. We also highlight less explored new small-molecule drugs, and gene and peptide-based therapeutics for the treatment of desmoplasia and to target CSCs. Promising results from preclinical studies have encouraged several clinical trials to evaluate these antidesmoplastic agents as adjunct to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Nandi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Sai Pradyuth
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Arihant Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Deepak Chitkara
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Anupama Mittal
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India.
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12
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Profound Reprogramming towards Stemness in Pancreatic Cancer Cells as Adaptation to AKT Inhibition. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082181. [PMID: 32764385 PMCID: PMC7464748 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells acquire resistance to cytotoxic therapies targeting major survival pathways by adapting their metabolism. The AKT pathway is a major regulator of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma progression and a key pharmacological target. The mechanisms of adaptation to long-term silencing of AKT isoforms of human and mouse pancreatic adenocarcinoma cancer cells were studied. Following silencing, cancer cells remained quiescent for long periods of time, after which they recovered proliferative capacities. Adaptation caused profound proteomic changes largely affecting mitochondrial biogenesis, energy metabolism and acquisition of a number of distinct cancer stem cell (CSC) characteristics depending on the AKT isoform that was silenced. The adaptation to AKT1 silencing drove most de-differentiation and acquisition of stemness through C-MYC down-modulation and NANOG upregulation, which were required for survival of adapted CSCs. The changes associated to adaptation sensitized cancer cells to inhibitors targeting regulators of oxidative respiration and mitochondrial biogenesis. In vivo pharmacological co-inhibition of AKT and mitochondrial metabolism effectively controlled pancreatic adenocarcinoma growth in pre-clinical models.
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13
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Strapcova S, Takacova M, Csaderova L, Martinelli P, Lukacikova L, Gal V, Kopacek J, Svastova E. Clinical and Pre-Clinical Evidence of Carbonic Anhydrase IX in Pancreatic Cancer and Its High Expression in Pre-Cancerous Lesions. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2005. [PMID: 32707920 PMCID: PMC7464147 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common phenomenon that occurs in most solid tumors. Regardless of tumor origin, the evolution of a hypoxia-adapted phenotype is critical for invasive cancer development. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is also characterized by hypoxia, desmoplasia, and the presence of necrosis, predicting poor outcome. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is one of the most strict hypoxia regulated genes which plays a key role in the adaptation of cancer cells to hypoxia and acidosis. Here, we summarize clinical data showing that CAIX expression is associated with tumor necrosis, vascularization, expression of Frizzled-1, mucins, or proteins involved in glycolysis, and inevitably, poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients. We also describe the transcriptional regulation of CAIX in relation to signaling pathways activated in pancreatic cancers. A large part deals with the preclinical evidence supporting the relevance of CAIX in processes leading to the aggressive behavior of pancreatic tumors. Furthermore, we focus on CAIX occurrence in pre-cancerous lesions, and for the first time, we describe CAIX expression within intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia. Our review concludes with a detailed account of clinical trials implicating that treatment consisting of conventionally used therapies combined with CAIX targeting could result in an improved anti-cancer response in pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Strapcova
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.S.); (M.T.); (L.C.); (L.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Martina Takacova
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.S.); (M.T.); (L.C.); (L.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Lucia Csaderova
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.S.); (M.T.); (L.C.); (L.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Paola Martinelli
- Institute of Cancer Research, Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Cancer Cell Signaling, Boehringer-Ingelheim RCV Vienna, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lubomira Lukacikova
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.S.); (M.T.); (L.C.); (L.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Viliam Gal
- Alpha Medical Pathology, Ruzinovska 6, 82606 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Juraj Kopacek
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.S.); (M.T.); (L.C.); (L.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Eliska Svastova
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.S.); (M.T.); (L.C.); (L.L.); (J.K.)
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14
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Bhattacharyya R, Ha MJ, Liu Q, Akbani R, Liang H, Baladandayuthapani V. Personalized Network Modeling of the Pan-Cancer Patient and Cell Line Interactome. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2020; 4:399-411. [PMID: 32374631 PMCID: PMC7265783 DOI: 10.1200/cci.19.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Personalized network inference on diverse clinical and in vitro model systems across cancer types can be used to delineate specific regulatory mechanisms, uncover drug targets and pathways, and develop individualized predictive models in cancer. METHODS We developed TransPRECISE (personalized cancer-specific integrated network estimation model), a multiscale Bayesian network modeling framework, to analyze the pan-cancer patient and cell line interactome to identify differential and conserved intrapathway activities, to globally assess cell lines as representative models for patients, and to develop drug sensitivity prediction models. We assessed pan-cancer pathway activities for a large cohort of patient samples (> 7,700) from the Cancer Proteome Atlas across ≥ 30 tumor types, a set of 640 cancer cell lines from the MD Anderson Cell Lines Project spanning 16 lineages, and ≥ 250 cell lines' response to > 400 drugs. RESULTS TransPRECISE captured differential and conserved proteomic network topologies and pathway circuitry between multiple patient and cell line lineages: ovarian and kidney cancers shared high levels of connectivity in the hormone receptor and receptor tyrosine kinase pathways, respectively, between the two model systems. Our tumor stratification approach found distinct clinical subtypes of the patients represented by different sets of cell lines: patients with head and neck tumors were classified into two different subtypes that are represented by head and neck and esophagus cell lines and had different prognostic patterns (456 v 654 days of median overall survival; P = .02). High predictive accuracy was observed for drug sensitivities in cell lines across multiple drugs (median area under the receiver operating characteristic curve > 0.8) using Bayesian additive regression tree models with TransPRECISE pathway scores. CONCLUSION Our study provides a generalizable analytic framework to assess the translational potential of preclinical model systems and to guide pathway-based personalized medical decision making, integrating genomic and molecular data across model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min Jin Ha
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Qingzhi Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Rehan Akbani
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Han Liang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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15
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Duvillié B, Kourdoughli R, Druillennec S, Eychène A, Pouponnot C. Interplay Between Diabetes and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Insulinoma: The Role of Aging, Genetic Factors, and Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:563267. [PMID: 33101198 PMCID: PMC7556217 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.563267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic analyses have shed light on an association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Recent data also suggest a potential relationship between T2D and insulinoma. Under rare circumstances, type 1 diabetes (T1D) can also be implicated in tumorigenesis. The biological mechanisms underlying such relationships are extremely complex. Some genetic factors contributing to the development of T2D are shared with pancreatic exocrine and endocrine tumors. Obesity and overweight can also contribute to the initiation and severity of T2D, while aging may influence both endocrine and exocrine tumors. Finally, pharmacological treatments of T2D may have an impact on PDAC. On the other hand, some treatments for insulinoma can trigger diabetes. In the present minireview, we discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms that could explain these interactions. This analysis may help to define new potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Duvillié
- Department of Signaling, Radiobiology and Cancer, Institut Curie, Orsay, France
- INSERM U1021, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- CNRS UMR 3347, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Bertrand Duvillié,
| | - Rayane Kourdoughli
- Department of Signaling, Radiobiology and Cancer, Institut Curie, Orsay, France
- INSERM U1021, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- CNRS UMR 3347, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Sabine Druillennec
- Department of Signaling, Radiobiology and Cancer, Institut Curie, Orsay, France
- INSERM U1021, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- CNRS UMR 3347, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Alain Eychène
- Department of Signaling, Radiobiology and Cancer, Institut Curie, Orsay, France
- INSERM U1021, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- CNRS UMR 3347, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Celio Pouponnot
- Department of Signaling, Radiobiology and Cancer, Institut Curie, Orsay, France
- INSERM U1021, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- CNRS UMR 3347, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
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16
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Mok L, Kim Y, Lee S, Choi S, Lee S, Jang JY, Park T. HisCoM-PAGE: Hierarchical Structural Component Models for Pathway Analysis of Gene Expression Data. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E931. [PMID: 31739607 PMCID: PMC6896173 DOI: 10.3390/genes10110931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there have been several analyses for identifying cancer-associated pathways, based on gene expression data, most of these are based on single pathway analyses, and thus do not consider correlations between pathways. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical structural component model for pathway analysis of gene expression data (HisCoM-PAGE), which accounts for the hierarchical structure of genes and pathways, as well as the correlations among pathways. Specifically, HisCoM-PAGE focuses on the survival phenotype and identifies its associated pathways. Moreover, its application to real biological data analysis of pancreatic cancer data demonstrated that HisCoM-PAGE could successfully identify pathways associated with pancreatic cancer prognosis. Simulation studies comparing the performance of HisCoM-PAGE with other competing methods such as Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), Global Test, and Wald-type Test showed HisCoM-PAGE to have the highest power to detect causal pathways in most simulation scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Mok
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yongkang Kim
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sungyoung Lee
- Center for Precision Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Sungkyoung Choi
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Hanyang University (ERICA), Ansan 15588, Korea
| | - Seungyeoun Lee
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Jin-Young Jang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Taesung Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Gemcitabine Combined with the mTOR Inhibitor Temsirolimus in Patients with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer. A Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group Phase I/II Study. Target Oncol 2019; 13:715-724. [PMID: 30488350 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-018-0605-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer is dismal, and there is a need for novel and effective treatments. OBJECTIVES Tο determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) of a novel gemcitabine (G) and temsirolimus (T) combination (phase I) and estimate the 6-month progression-free survival (PFS) in patients treated with the T + G combination (phase II). PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligible patients with histologically confirmed inoperable or metastatic pancreatic carcinoma (MPC) were entered into the trial. G was given bi-weekly and T weekly in a 4-week cycle. The first dose level was set at G 800 mg/m2 and T 10 mg. G was escalated in increments of 200 mg/m2 and T in increments of 5 mg until DLT was reached, and the recommended dose was used for the phase II part. RESULTS Thirty patients were enrolled in the phase I component at the pre-planned six dose levels; one bilirubin DLT of grade III occurred at the first dose level. The MTD was established as the approved doses of both drugs. Fifty-five patients were entered into the phase II component. Median relative dose intensities administered in the first cycle were 0.75 for T and 0.99 for G. Grade 3-4 hematological toxicities were recorded in 87.3% of patients. The most common non-hematological adverse events were metabolic disorders (81.8%) followed by gastrointestinal disorders (63.6%). Median PFS was 2.69 months (95% CI 1.74-4.95) and median OS was 4.95 months (95% CI 3.54-6.85), while the 6-month PFS rate was 30.9%. CONCLUSIONS Combination of G and T is feasible in patients with locally advanced or MPC with manageable side effects, but lacks clinical efficacy. The study was registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12611000643976).
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18
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Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: biological hallmarks, current status, and future perspectives of combined modality treatment approaches. Radiat Oncol 2019; 14:141. [PMID: 31395068 PMCID: PMC6688256 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-019-1345-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly devastating disease with poor prognosis and rising incidence. Late detection and a particularly aggressive biology are the major challenges which determine therapeutic failure. In this review, we present the current status and the recent advances in PDAC treatment together with the biological and immunological hallmarks of this cancer entity. On this basis, we discuss new concepts combining distinct treatment modalities in order to improve therapeutic efficacy and clinical outcome - with a specific focus on protocols involving radio(chemo)therapeutic approaches.
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19
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MCOLN1 Promotes Proliferation and Predicts Poor Survival of Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:9436047. [PMID: 31481985 PMCID: PMC6701426 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9436047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background MCOLN1 (mucolipin subfamily, member 1) was first identified as an autophagic regulator, which was essential for efficient fusion of both autophagosomes and late endosomes with lysosomes. This study is aimed at investigating the role of MCOLN1 in the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Methods Immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay was conducted to evaluate the expression level of MCOLN1 in 82 human PDAC tumor tissues. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) analysis was performed to assess the prognosis of patients. Colony formation and MTT assays [3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide] were performed to measure the proliferation capacity of tumor cells. The expression level of related genes was measured by RT-PCR (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) and western blot assays. The animal model was used to examine the effects of indicated protein on tumorigenesis in vivo. Results The results of IHC showed that a high level of MCOLN1 expression was associated with the poor clinical characteristics of PDAC patients. OS and RFS were significantly worse in patients with high MCOLN1 expression. Silencing of MCOLN1 dramatically blocked the proliferation of PDAC cells. Mechanism studies confirmed that knockdown of MCOLN1 decreased the expression of Ki67 and PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen), two markers of cell proliferation. In vivo, MCOILN1 depletion reduced the formation and growth of tumors in mice. Conclusion The high level of MCOLN1 expression was associated with poor clinical outcomes of PDAC patients. MCOLN1 ablation could inhibit PDAC proliferation of both in vitro and in vivo, which provide a new insight and novel therapeutic target for the treatment of PDAC.
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20
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El Amrani M, Corfiotti F, Corvaisier M, Vasseur R, Fulbert M, Skrzypczyk C, Deshorgues AC, Gnemmi V, Tulasne D, Lahdaoui F, Vincent A, Pruvot FR, Van Seuningen I, Huet G, Truant S. Gemcitabine-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like changes sustain chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer cells of mesenchymal-like phenotype. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:1985-1997. [PMID: 31373074 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Growing body of evidence suggests that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical process in tumor progression and chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer (PC). The aim of this study was to analyze the role of EMT-like changes in acquisition of resistance to gemcitabine in pancreatic cells of the mesenchymal or epithelial phenotype. Therefore, chemoresistant BxPC-3, Capan-2, Panc-1, and MiaPaca-2 cells were selected by chronic exposure to increasing concentrations of gemcitabine. We show that gemcitabine-resistant Panc-1 and MiaPaca-2 cells of mesenchymal-like phenotype undergo further EMT-like molecular changes mediated by ERK-ZEB-1 pathway, and that inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation or ZEB-1 expression resulted in a decrease in chemoresistance. Conversely, gemcitabine-resistant BxPC-3 and Capan-2 cells of epithelial-like phenotype did not show such typical EMT-like molecular changes although the expression of the tight junction marker occludin could be found decreased. In pancreatic cancer patients, high ZEB-1 expression was associated with tumor invasion and tumor budding. In addition, tumor budding was essentially observed in patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. These findings support the notion that gemcitabine treatment induces EMT-like changes that sustain invasion and chemoresistance in PC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi El Amrani
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, Lille, France.,Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - François Corfiotti
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, Lille, France.,Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Matthieu Corvaisier
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, Lille, France
| | - Romain Vasseur
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, Lille, France
| | - Maxence Fulbert
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, Lille, France.,Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Cécile Skrzypczyk
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, Lille, France.,Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Anne-Claire Deshorgues
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, Lille, France.,Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Viviane Gnemmi
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, Lille, France.,Department of Pathology, Center of Biology-Pathology, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - David Tulasne
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161-M3T, Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Target Therapies, Université de Lille, CNRS, Lille, France
| | - Fatima Lahdaoui
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, Lille, France
| | - Audrey Vincent
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, Lille, France
| | - François-René Pruvot
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, Lille, France.,Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Isabelle Van Seuningen
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, Lille, France
| | - Guillemette Huet
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, Lille, France
| | - Stéphanie Truant
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, Lille, France.,Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, CHU Lille, Lille, France
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21
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Gu Y, Feng Q, Liu H, Zhou Q, Hu A, Yamaguchi T, Xia S, Kobayashi H. Bioinformatic evidences and analysis of putative biomarkers in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02378. [PMID: 31489384 PMCID: PMC6717170 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal human cancers. Aberrant expression of genes plays important role in the procession of PDAC. The analysis of gene expression profile will contribute to the research of carcinoma mechanism. OBJECTIVE This present study is focused to investigate the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from 3 PDAC microarray datasets, which would provide candidate genes for putative biomarkers to understand the mechanism of PDAC and potential targets of treatment. METHOD Based on the overlap genes obtained from 3 GEO datasets, the hub genes were identified using STRING and Cytoscape plugin MCODE. The enrichment and function analysis were applied using DAVID. The protein-protein interaction network was performed using cBioPortal and UCSC Xena. The Oncomine was finally used to determine the candidate gene by analyzing their expression between pancreas sample and PDAC sample. RESULTS 25 hub genes were selected from a total of 1006 DEGs from 3 GEO datasets, consisting of 14 upregulated genes and 11 downregulated genes. The overall decline of hub gene expression enriched in G1 phase of cell cycle in other subtypes of pancreatic cancer. Oncomine database was ultimately performed to determine the 8 candidate genes, including CXCL5, CCL20, NMU, F2R, ANXA1, EDNRA, LPAR6, and GNA15. CONCLUSIONS Conclusively, 8 candidate genes would become the potential PDAC combined biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gu
- Center for Advanced Kampo Medicine and Clinical Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Qijin Feng
- Center for Advanced Kampo Medicine and Clinical Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Ailing Hu
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuji Yamaguchi
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shilin Xia
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Hiroyuki Kobayashi
- Center for Advanced Kampo Medicine and Clinical Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Allen-Petersen BL, Risom T, Feng Z, Wang Z, Jenny ZP, Thoma MC, Pelz KR, Morton JP, Sansom OJ, Lopez CD, Sheppard B, Christensen DJ, Ohlmeyer M, Narla G, Sears RC. Activation of PP2A and Inhibition of mTOR Synergistically Reduce MYC Signaling and Decrease Tumor Growth in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 2019; 79:209-219. [PMID: 30389701 PMCID: PMC6318036 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In cancer, kinases are often activated and phosphatases suppressed, leading to aberrant activation of signaling pathways driving cellular proliferation, survival, and therapeutic resistance. Although pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) has historically been refractory to kinase inhibition, therapeutic activation of phosphatases is emerging as a promising strategy to restore balance to these hyperactive signaling cascades. In this study, we hypothesized that phosphatase activation combined with kinase inhibition could deplete oncogenic survival signals to reduce tumor growth. We screened PDA cell lines for kinase inhibitors that could synergize with activation of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a tumor suppressor phosphatase, and determined that activation of PP2A and inhibition of mTOR synergistically increase apoptosis and reduce oncogenic phenotypes in vitro and in vivo. This combination treatment resulted in suppression of AKT/mTOR signaling coupled with reduced expression of c-MYC, an oncoprotein implicated in tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. Forced expression of c-MYC or loss of PP2A B56α, the specific PP2A subunit shown to negatively regulate c-MYC, increased resistance to mTOR inhibition. Conversely, decreased c-MYC expression increased the sensitivity of PDA cells to mTOR inhibition. Together, these studies demonstrate that combined targeting of PP2A and mTOR suppresses proliferative signaling and induces cell death and implicates this combination as a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with PDA. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings present a combinatorial strategy targeting serine/threonine protein phosphatase PP2A and mTOR in PDA, a cancer for which there are currently no targeted therapeutic options.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/79/1/209/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Allen-Petersen
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Tyler Risom
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Zipei Feng
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Zina P Jenny
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Mary C Thoma
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Katherine R Pelz
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Owen J Sansom
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Charles D Lopez
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Brett Sheppard
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | | | | | - Goutham Narla
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Rosalie C Sears
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.
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23
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Lohse I, Wildermuth E, Brothers SP. Naturally occurring compounds as pancreatic cancer therapeutics. Oncotarget 2018; 9:35448-35457. [PMID: 30459936 PMCID: PMC6226042 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring small molecule compounds have long been in the spotlight of pancreatic cancer research as potential therapeutics to prevent cancer progression and sensitize chemoresistant tumors. The hope is that terminal pancreatic cancer patients receiving aggressive chemotherapy can benefit from an increase in treatment efficacy without adding further toxicity by way of utilizing natural compounds. While preclinical studies on a number of natural compounds, such as resveratrol, curcumin, rapalogs and cannabinoids, show promising preclinical results, little has translated into clinical practice, though a number of other compounds hold clinical potential. Nevertheless, recent advances in compound formulation may increase the clinical utility of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Lohse
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Therapeutic Innovation University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Molecular Therapeutics Shared Resource, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Erin Wildermuth
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Therapeutic Innovation University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Shaun P Brothers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Therapeutic Innovation University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Molecular Therapeutics Shared Resource, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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24
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Metabolic Regulation in Mitochondria and Drug Resistance. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1038:149-171. [PMID: 29178075 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6674-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are generally considered as a powerhouse in a cell where the majority of the cellular ATP and metabolite productions occur. Metabolic rewiring and reprogramming may be initiated and regulated by mitochondrial enzymes. The hypothesis that cellular metabolic rewiring and reprogramming processes may occur as cellular microenvironment is disturbed, resulting in alteration of cell phenotype, such as cancer cells resistant to therapeutics seems to be now acceptable. Cancer metabolic reprogramming regulated by mitochondrial enzymes is now one of the hallmarks of cancer. This chapter provides an overview of cancer metabolism and summarizes progress made in mitochondria-mediated metabolic regulation in cancer drug resistance.
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25
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MarElia CB, Sharp AE, Shemwell TA, Clare Zhang Y, Burkhardt BR. Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge and its constituent timosaponin-AIII induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:1155-1166. [PMID: 29988574 PMCID: PMC6026701 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most recalcitrant and lethal of all cancers. We examined the effects of Anemarrhena asphodeloides (AA) and timosaponin-AIII (TAIII), a steroidal saponin present in AA, on pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and aimed to elucidate their potential apoptotic mechanisms of action. Viability assays and cell cycle analysis revealed that both AA and TAIII significantly inhibited pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and cell cycle progression compared to treatment with gemcitabine, the standard chemotherapeutic agent for advanced pancreatic cancer. We identified a dose-dependent increase in caspase-dependent apoptosis and activation of pro-apoptotic PI3K/Akt pathway proteins, with a subsequent downregulation of pro-survival PI3K/Akt pathway proteins, in pancreatic cancer cells treated with AA or TAIII over those treated with gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine B MarElia
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology University of South Florida Tampa FL USA
| | - Arielle E Sharp
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology University of South Florida Tampa FL USA
| | - Tiffany A Shemwell
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology University of South Florida Tampa FL USA
| | | | - Brant R Burkhardt
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology University of South Florida Tampa FL USA
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26
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Marchetti C, Zyner KG, Ohnmacht SA, Robson M, Haider SM, Morton JP, Marsico G, Vo T, Laughlin-Toth S, Ahmed AA, Di Vita G, Pazitna I, Gunaratnam M, Besser RJ, Andrade ACG, Diocou S, Pike JA, Tannahill D, Pedley RB, Evans TRJ, Wilson WD, Balasubramanian S, Neidle S. Targeting Multiple Effector Pathways in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma with a G-Quadruplex-Binding Small Molecule. J Med Chem 2018; 61:2500-2517. [PMID: 29356532 PMCID: PMC5867665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) involves the dysregulation of multiple signaling pathways. A novel approach to the treatment of PDAC is described, involving the targeting of cancer genes in PDAC pathways having over-representation of G-quadruplexes, using the trisubstituted naphthalene diimide quadruplex-binding compound 2,7-bis(3-morpholinopropyl)-4-((2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl)amino)benzo[ lmn][3,8]phenanthroline-1,3,6,8(2 H,7 H)-tetraone (CM03). This compound has been designed by computer modeling, is a potent inhibitor of cell growth in PDAC cell lines, and has anticancer activity in PDAC models, with a superior profile compared to gemcitabine, a commonly used therapy. Whole-transcriptome RNA-seq methodology has been used to analyze the effects of this quadruplex-binding small molecule on global gene expression. This has revealed the down-regulation of a large number of genes, rich in putative quadruplex elements and involved in essential pathways of PDAC survival, metastasis, and drug resistance. The changes produced by CM03 represent a global response to the complexity of human PDAC and may be applicable to other currently hard-to-treat cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Marchetti
- UCL
School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K.
| | - Katherine G. Zyner
- Cancer
Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, U.K.
| | - Stephan A. Ohnmacht
- UCL
School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K.
| | - Mathew Robson
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
| | - Shozeb M. Haider
- UCL
School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K.
| | - Jennifer P. Morton
- Cancer
Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD U.K.
- Institute
of Cancer Sciences. University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Giovanni Marsico
- Cancer
Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, U.K.
| | - Tam Vo
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303-3083, United States
| | - Sarah Laughlin-Toth
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303-3083, United States
| | - Ahmed A. Ahmed
- UCL
School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K.
| | - Gloria Di Vita
- UCL
School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K.
| | - Ingrida Pazitna
- UCL
School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K.
| | - Mekala Gunaratnam
- UCL
School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K.
| | - Rachael J. Besser
- UCL
School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K.
| | - Ana C. G. Andrade
- UCL
School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K.
| | - Seckou Diocou
- UCL
Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
| | - Jeremy A. Pike
- Cancer
Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, U.K.
| | - David Tannahill
- Cancer
Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, U.K.
| | - R. Barbara Pedley
- UCL
Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
| | - T. R. Jeffry Evans
- Cancer
Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD U.K.
- Institute
of Cancer Sciences. University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - W. David Wilson
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303-3083, United States
| | - Shankar Balasubramanian
- Cancer
Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- The
School of Clinical Medicine, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SP, U.K.
| | - Stephen Neidle
- UCL
School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K.
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27
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Fujimura K, Wang H, Watson F, Klemke RL. KRAS Oncoprotein Expression Is Regulated by a Self-Governing eIF5A-PEAK1 Feed-Forward Regulatory Loop. Cancer Res 2018; 78:1444-1456. [PMID: 29321164 PMCID: PMC5856625 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
There remains intense interest in tractable approaches to target or silence the KRAS oncoprotein as a rational therapeutic strategy to attack pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and other cancers that overexpress it. Here we provide evidence that accumulation of the KRAS oncoprotein is controlled by a self-regulating feed-forward regulatory loop that utilizes a unique hypusinated isoform of the translation elongation factor eIF5A and the tyrosine kinase PEAK1. Oncogenic activation of KRAS increased eIF5A-PEAK1 translational signaling, which in turn facilitated increased KRAS protein synthesis. Mechanistic investigations show that this feed-forward positive regulatory pathway was controlled by oncogenic KRAS-driven metabolic demands, operated independently of canonical mTOR signaling, and did not involve new KRAS gene transcription. Perturbing eIF5A-PEAK1 signaling, by genetic or pharmacologic strategies or by blocking glutamine synthesis, was sufficient to inhibit expression of KRAS, eIF5A, and PEAK1, to attenuate cancer cell growth and migration, and to block tumor formation in established preclinical mouse models of PDAC. Levels of KRAS, eIF5A, and PEAK1 protein increased during cancer progression with the highest levels of expression observed in metastatic cell populations. Combinatorial targeting of eIF5A hypusination and the RAS-ERK signaling pathway cooperated to attenuate KRAS expression and its downstream signaling along with cell growth in vitro and tumor formation in vivo Collectively, our findings highlight a new mechanistic strategy to attenuate KRAS expression as a therapeutic strategy to target PDAC and other human cancers driven by KRAS activation.Significance: These findings highlight a new mechanistic strategy to attenuate KRAS expression as a therapeutic strategy to target human cancers driven by KRAS activation. Cancer Res; 78(6); 1444-56. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Fujimura
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Huawei Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Felicia Watson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Richard L Klemke
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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28
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Implication of 4E-BP1 protein dephosphorylation and accumulation in pancreatic cancer cell death induced by combined gemcitabine and TRAIL. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:3204. [PMID: 29233971 PMCID: PMC5870593 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer cells show varying sensitivity to the anticancer effects of gemcitabine. However, as a chemotherapeutic agent, gemcitabine can cause intolerably high levels of toxicity and patients often develop resistance to the beneficial effects of this drug. Combination studies show that use of gemcitabine with the pro-apoptotic cytokine TRAIL can enhance the inhibition of survival and induction of apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. Additionally, following combination treatment there is a dramatic increase in the level of the hypophosphorylated form of the tumour suppressor protein 4E-BP1. This is associated with inhibition of mTOR activity, resulting from caspase-mediated cleavage of the Raptor and Rictor components of mTOR. Use of the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK indicates that the increase in level of 4E-BP1 is also caspase-mediated. ShRNA-silencing of 4E-BP1 expression renders cells more resistant to cell death induced by the combination treatment. Since the levels of 4E-BP1 are relatively low in untreated pancreatic cancer cells these results suggest that combined therapy with gemcitabine and TRAIL could improve the responsiveness of tumours to treatment by elevating the expression of 4E-BP1.
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29
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Treatment of melanoma with selected inhibitors of signaling kinases effectively reduces proliferation and induces expression of cell cycle inhibitors. Med Oncol 2017; 35:7. [PMID: 29214525 PMCID: PMC5719123 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-017-1069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer treatment often tends to involve direct targeting enzymes essential for the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. The aim of this study was the recognition of the possible role of selected protein kinases: PI3K, ERK1/2, and mTOR in cell proliferation and cell cycle in malignant melanoma. We investigated the role of protein kinase inhibitors: U0126 (ERK1/2), LY294002 (PI3K), rapamycin (mTOR), everolimus (mTOR), GDC-0879 (B-RAF), and CHIR-99021 (GSK3beta) in cell proliferation and expression of crucial regulatory cell cycle proteins in human melanoma cells: WM793 (VGP) and Lu1205 (metastatic). They were used either individually or in various combinations. The study on the effect of signaling kinases inhibitors on proliferation—BrdU ELISA test after 48–72 h. Their effect on the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins: cyclin D1 and D3, cyclin-dependent kinase CDK4 and CDK6, and cell cycle inhibitors: p16, p21, and p27, was studied at the protein level (western blot). Treatment of melanoma cells with protein kinase inhibitors led to significantly decreased cell proliferation except the use of a GSK-3β kinase inhibitors—CHIR-99021. The significant decrease in the expression of selected cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) with parallel increase in the expression of some of cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitors and in consequence meaningful reduction in melanoma cell proliferation by the combinations of inhibitors of signaling kinases clearly showed the crucial role of AKT, ERK 1/2, and mTOR signal transduction in melanoma progression. The results unanimously indicate those pathways as an important target for treatment of melanoma.
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30
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Connor AA, Gallinger S. Next generation sequencing of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: right or wrong? Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 11:683-694. [PMID: 28460572 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2017.1324296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has the highest mortality rate of all epithelial malignancies and a paradoxically rising incidence rate. Clinical translation of next generation sequencing (NGS) of tumour and germline samples may ameliorate outcomes by identifying prognostic and predictive genomic and transcriptomic features in appreciable fractions of patients, facilitating enrolment in biomarker-matched trials. Areas covered: The literature on precision oncology is reviewed. It is found that outcomes may be improved across various malignancies, and it is suggested that current issues of adequate tissue acquisition, turnaround times, analytic expertise and clinical trial accessibility may lessen as experience accrues. Also reviewed are PDAC genomic and transcriptomic NGS studies, emphasizing discoveries of promising biomarkers, though these require validation, and the fraction of patients that will benefit from these outside of the research setting is currently unknown. Expert commentary: Clinical use of NGS with PDAC should be used in investigational contexts in centers with multidisciplinary expertise in cancer sequencing and pancreatic cancer management. Biomarker directed studies will improve our understanding of actionable genomic variation in PDAC, and improve outcomes for this challenging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashton A Connor
- a PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative , Ontario Institute for Cancer Research , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,b Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute , Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,c Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgical Oncology Program , University Health Network , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Steven Gallinger
- a PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative , Ontario Institute for Cancer Research , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,b Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute , Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,c Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgical Oncology Program , University Health Network , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
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31
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Grasso C, Jansen G, Giovannetti E. Drug resistance in pancreatic cancer: Impact of altered energy metabolism. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 114:139-152. [PMID: 28477742 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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