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Pridham KJ, Hutchings KR, Beck P, Liu M, Xu E, Saechin E, Bui V, Patel C, Solis J, Huang L, Tegge A, Kelly DF, Sheng Z. Selective regulation of chemosensitivity in glioblastoma by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase beta. iScience 2024; 27:109921. [PMID: 38812542 PMCID: PMC11133927 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapies such as temozolomide is a major hurdle to effectively treat therapy-resistant glioblastoma. This challenge arises from the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), which makes it an appealing therapeutic target. However, non-selectively blocking PI3K kinases PI3Kα/β/δ/γ has yielded undesired clinical outcomes. It is, therefore, imperative to investigate individual kinases in glioblastoma's chemosensitivity. Here, we report that PI3K kinases were unequally expressed in glioblastoma, with levels of PI3Kβ being the highest. Patients deficient of O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) and expressing elevated levels of PI3Kβ, defined as MGMT-deficient/PI3Kβ-high, were less responsive to temozolomide and experienced poor prognosis. Consistently, MGMT-deficient/PI3Kβ-high glioblastoma cells were resistant to temozolomide. Perturbation of PI3Kβ, but not other kinases, sensitized MGMT-deficient/PI3Kβ-high glioblastoma cells or tumors to temozolomide. Moreover, PI3Kβ-selective inhibitors and temozolomide synergistically mitigated the growth of glioblastoma stem cells. Our results have demonstrated an essential role of PI3Kβ in chemoresistance, making PI3Kβ-selective blockade an effective chemosensitizer for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Pridham
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Kasen R. Hutchings
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Patrick Beck
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Min Liu
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Eileen Xu
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Erin Saechin
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Vincent Bui
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Chinkal Patel
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Jamie Solis
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Leah Huang
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Allison Tegge
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Deborah F. Kelly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Center for Structural Oncology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Zhi Sheng
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Faculty of Health Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Luan Y, Yang Y, Luan Y, Liu H, Xing H, Pei J, Liu H, Qin B, Ren K. Targeting ferroptosis and ferritinophagy: new targets for cardiovascular diseases. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2024; 25:1-22. [PMID: 38163663 PMCID: PMC10758208 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2300097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading factor driving mortality worldwide. Iron, an essential trace mineral, is important in numerous biological processes, and its role in CVDs has raised broad discussion for decades. Iron-mediated cell death, namely ferroptosis, has attracted much attention due to its critical role in cardiomyocyte damage and CVDs. Furthermore, ferritinophagy is the upstream mechanism that induces ferroptosis, and is closely related to CVDs. This review aims to delineate the processes and mechanisms of ferroptosis and ferritinophagy, and the regulatory pathways and molecular targets involved in ferritinophagy, and to determine their roles in CVDs. Furthermore, we discuss the possibility of targeting ferritinophagy-induced ferroptosis modulators for treating CVDs. Collectively, this review offers some new insights into the pathology of CVDs and identifies possible therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luan
- Clinical Systems Biology Research Laboratories, Translational Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Clinical Systems Biology Research Laboratories, Translational Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Ying Luan
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Han Xing
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Application & Translation of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jinyan Pei
- Quality Management Department, Henan No. 3 Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Hengdao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China. ,
| | - Bo Qin
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China. ,
| | - Kaidi Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Application & Translation of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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Krauze AV, Zhao Y, Li MC, Shih J, Jiang W, Tasci E, Cooley Zgela T, Sproull M, Mackey M, Shankavaram U, Tofilon P, Camphausen K. Revisiting Concurrent Radiation Therapy, Temozolomide, and the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Valproic Acid for Patients with Glioblastoma-Proteomic Alteration and Comparison Analysis with the Standard-of-Care Chemoirradiation. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1499. [PMID: 37892181 PMCID: PMC10604983 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common brain tumor with an overall survival (OS) of less than 30% at two years. Valproic acid (VPA) demonstrated survival benefits documented in retrospective and prospective trials, when used in combination with chemo-radiotherapy (CRT). PURPOSE The primary goal of this study was to examine if the differential alteration in proteomic expression pre vs. post-completion of concurrent chemoirradiation (CRT) is present with the addition of VPA as compared to standard-of-care CRT. The second goal was to explore the associations between the proteomic alterations in response to VPA/RT/TMZ correlated to patient outcomes. The third goal was to use the proteomic profile to determine the mechanism of action of VPA in this setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum obtained pre- and post-CRT was analyzed using an aptamer-based SOMAScan® proteomic assay. Twenty-nine patients received CRT plus VPA, and 53 patients received CRT alone. Clinical data were obtained via a database and chart review. Tests for differences in protein expression changes between radiation therapy (RT) with or without VPA were conducted for individual proteins using two-sided t-tests, considering p-values of <0.05 as significant. Adjustment for age, sex, and other clinical covariates and hierarchical clustering of significant differentially expressed proteins was carried out, and Gene Set Enrichment analyses were performed using the Hallmark gene sets. Univariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to test the individual protein expression changes for an association with survival. The lasso Cox regression method and 10-fold cross-validation were employed to test the combinations of expression changes of proteins that could predict survival. Predictiveness curves were plotted for significant proteins for VPA response (p-value < 0.005) to show the survival probability vs. the protein expression percentiles. RESULTS A total of 124 proteins were identified pre- vs. post-CRT that were differentially expressed between the cohorts who received CRT plus VPA and those who received CRT alone. Clinical factors did not confound the results, and distinct proteomic clustering in the VPA-treated population was identified. Time-dependent ROC curves for OS and PFS for landmark times of 20 months and 6 months, respectively, revealed AUC of 0.531, 0.756, 0.774 for OS and 0.535, 0.723, 0.806 for PFS for protein expression, clinical factors, and the combination of protein expression and clinical factors, respectively, indicating that the proteome can provide additional survival risk discrimination to that already provided by the standard clinical factors with a greater impact on PFS. Several proteins of interest were identified. Alterations in GALNT14 (increased) and CCL17 (decreased) (p = 0.003 and 0.003, respectively, FDR 0.198 for both) were associated with an improvement in both OS and PFS. The pre-CRT protein expression revealed 480 proteins predictive for OS and 212 for PFS (p < 0.05), of which 112 overlapped between OS and PFS. However, FDR-adjusted p values were high, with OS (the smallest p value of 0.586) and PFS (the smallest p value of 0.998). The protein PLCD3 had the lowest p-value (p = 0.002 and 0.0004 for OS and PFS, respectively), and its elevation prior to CRT predicted superior OS and PFS with VPA administration. Cancer hallmark genesets associated with proteomic alteration observed with the administration of VPA aligned with known signal transduction pathways of this agent in malignancy and non-malignancy settings, and GBM signaling, and included epithelial-mesenchymal transition, hedgehog signaling, Il6/JAK/STAT3, coagulation, NOTCH, apical junction, xenobiotic metabolism, and complement signaling. CONCLUSIONS Differential alteration in proteomic expression pre- vs. post-completion of concurrent chemoirradiation (CRT) is present with the addition of VPA. Using pre- vs. post-data, prognostic proteins emerged in the analysis. Using pre-CRT data, potentially predictive proteins were identified. The protein signals and hallmark gene sets associated with the alteration in the proteome identified between patients who received VPA and those who did not, align with known biological mechanisms of action of VPA and may allow for the identification of novel biomarkers associated with outcomes that can help advance the study of VPA in future prospective trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andra V. Krauze
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA (T.C.Z.); (U.S.); (P.T.)
| | - Yingdong Zhao
- Computational and Systems Biology Branch, Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA; (Y.Z.); (M.-C.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Ming-Chung Li
- Computational and Systems Biology Branch, Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA; (Y.Z.); (M.-C.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Joanna Shih
- Computational and Systems Biology Branch, Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA; (Y.Z.); (M.-C.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Will Jiang
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA (T.C.Z.); (U.S.); (P.T.)
| | - Erdal Tasci
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA (T.C.Z.); (U.S.); (P.T.)
| | - Theresa Cooley Zgela
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA (T.C.Z.); (U.S.); (P.T.)
| | - Mary Sproull
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA (T.C.Z.); (U.S.); (P.T.)
| | - Megan Mackey
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA (T.C.Z.); (U.S.); (P.T.)
| | - Uma Shankavaram
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA (T.C.Z.); (U.S.); (P.T.)
| | - Philip Tofilon
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA (T.C.Z.); (U.S.); (P.T.)
| | - Kevin Camphausen
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA (T.C.Z.); (U.S.); (P.T.)
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Garcia AR, Mendes A, Custódia C, Faria CC, Barata JT, Malhó R, Figueira I, Brito MA. Abrogating Metastatic Properties of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells by EGFR and PI3K Dual Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3973. [PMID: 37568789 PMCID: PMC10416979 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a devastating BC subtype. Its aggressiveness, allied to the lack of well-defined molecular targets, usually culminates in the appearance of metastases that account for poor prognosis, particularly when they develop in the brain. Nevertheless, TNBC has been associated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression, leading to downstream phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling activation. We aimed to unravel novel drug candidates for TNBC treatment based on EGFR and/or PI3K inhibition. Using a highly metastatic TNBC cell line with brain tropism (MDA-MB-231 Br4) and a library of 27 drug candidates in silico predicted to inhibit EGFR, PI3K, or EGFR plus PI3K, and to cross the blood-brain barrier, we evaluated the effects on cell viability. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the most cytotoxic ones was established, and cell cycle and death, as well as migration and EGFR pathway intervenient, were further evaluated. Two dual inhibitors emerged as the most promising drugs, with the ability to modulate cell cycle, death, migration and proliferation, morphology, and PI3K/AKT cascade players such as myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C) and forkhead box P1 (FOXP1). This work revealed EGFR/PI3K dual inhibitors as strong candidates to tackle brain metastatic TNBC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Garcia
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Avilson Mendes
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos Custódia
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cláudia C. Faria
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte (CHULN), Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-035 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João T. Barata
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui Malhó
- BioISI—Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1746-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês Figueira
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
- Farm-ID—Faculty of Pharmacy Association for Research and Development, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Alexandra Brito
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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Shao W, Azam Z, Guo J, To SST. Oncogenic potential of PIK3CD in glioblastoma is exerted through cytoskeletal proteins PAK3 and PLEK2. J Transl Med 2022; 102:1314-1322. [PMID: 35851857 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-022-00821-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Class IA phosphoinositide-3-kinase catalytic isoforms p110α, p110β, and p110δ have been implicated to play vital but overlapping roles in various cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM). We have previously shown that PIK3CD, encoding p110δ, is highly expressed in multiple glioma cell lines and involved in glioma cell migration and invasion. Based on the RNA sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we found the level of PIK3CD expression is significantly higher in GBM than WHO grade II and III gliomas and is closely related to poor survival. To further dissect the oncogenic roles of PIK3CD in glioma progression, we employed CRISPR/Cas9 to completely abrogate its expression in the GBM cell line U87-MG and have successfully isolated two knockout clones with different gene modifications. As expected, the knockout clones exhibited significantly lower migration and invasion capabilities when compared with their parental cells. Interestingly, knockout of PIK3CD also dramatically reduced the colony formation ability of the knockout cells. Further study revealed that PIK3CD deficiency could negate tumorigenesis in nude mice. To determine the downstream effect of PIK3CD depletion, we performed RT2 profiler PCR array of selected gene sets and found that knockout of PIK3CD impaired the activity of p-21 activated kinase 3 (PAK3) and pleckstrin 2 (PLEK2), molecules involved in cancer cell migration and proliferation. This explains why the glioma cells without the PIK3CD expression exhibited weaker oncogenic features. Further, RNAseq analysis of parent and knockout clones revealed that this interaction might happen through axonogenesis signaling pathway. Taken together, we demonstrated that PIK3CD could be a potential prognostic factor and therapeutic target for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shao
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Zulfikar Azam
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jintao Guo
- Department of Translational Medicine, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Shing Shun Tony To
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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Molecular Mechanism of the Saposhnikovia divaricata–Angelica dahurica Herb Pair in Migraine Therapy Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1994575. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/1994575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective. This work studied the molecular mechanism of the Saposhnikovia divaricata–Angelica dahurica herb pair (SAHP) in migraine treatment. Methods. The active ingredients of drugs were screened, and potential targets were predicted by the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP), TCMID, ETCM, and other databases. Migraine-related targets were obtained by harnessing the GeneCards, DrugBank, OMIM, TTD, and other databases. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed with STRING software by performing a Venn analysis with bioinformatics. Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed with the Metascape platform. The component-target-pathway (C-T-P) network was constructed with Cytoscape 3.7.2 software, and molecular docking was assessed with AutoDockVina software. Results. A total of 183 relevant targets and 39 active ingredients in migraine therapy were obtained from SAHP. The active ingredients and targets were screened according to topological parameters: wogonin, anomalin, imperatorin, prangenin, 2-linoleoylglycerol, and methylenetanshinquinone were identified as key active ingredients. PTGS2, PIK3CA, PIK3CB, PIK3CD, F2, and AR were identified as key targets. The molecular docking results demonstrated high binding activity between the key active ingredients and key targets. A total of 20 important signaling pathways, including neural signaling pathways, calcium signaling pathways, pathways in cancer, cAMP signaling pathways, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways, were obtained through enrichment analysis. Conclusion. Migraine with SAHP is mainly treated through anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. The herb pair can be used for migraine using “multicomponent, multitarget, and multipathway” approaches.
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Zeng W, Sun L, Zhu H, Wu X, Xu L, Xu L. A composite arctigenin/caffeine/glucose formulation enhances anti-fatigue effect. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Franco C, Kausar S, Silva MFB, Guedes RC, Falcao AO, Brito MA. Multi-Targeting Approach in Glioblastoma Using Computer-Assisted Drug Discovery Tools to Overcome the Blood–Brain Barrier and Target EGFR/PI3Kp110β Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143506. [PMID: 35884571 PMCID: PMC9317902 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Treatment of glioblastoma is hampered by the activation of compensatory survival mechanisms by malignant cells that lead to drug resistance. Moreover, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) precludes the brain entrance of most drugs. We hypothesized that computer-assisted drug discovery tools would reveal novel multi-targeting drug candidates with BBB-permeant and favorable ADMET properties. We aimed to discover molecules with predicted ability to inhibit the EGFR/PI3Kp110β pathway and to validate their efficacy and safety in biological assays. We used quantitative structure–activity relationship models and structure-based virtual screening, and assessed ADMET properties, to identify BBB-permeant drug candidates. Moreover, we tested their anti-tumor efficacy and BBB safety and permeation in cell models. We found two EGFR, two PI3Kp110β, and, mostly, two dual inhibitors with anti-tumor effects. Among them, one EGFR and two PI3Kp110β inhibitors were able to cross the BBB endothelium without compromising it. These studies revealed novel drug candidates for glioblastoma treatment. Abstract The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is upregulated in glioblastoma, becoming an attractive therapeutic target. However, activation of compensatory pathways generates inputs to downstream PI3Kp110β signaling, leading to anti-EGFR therapeutic resistance. Moreover, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) limits drugs’ brain penetration. We aimed to discover EGFR/PI3Kp110β pathway inhibitors for a multi-targeting approach, with favorable ADMET and BBB-permeant properties. We used quantitative structure–activity relationship models and structure-based virtual screening, and assessed ADMET properties, to identify BBB-permeant drug candidates. Predictions were validated in in vitro models of the human BBB and BBB-glioma co-cultures. The results disclosed 27 molecules (18 EGFR, 6 PI3Kp110β, and 3 dual inhibitors) for biological validation, performed in two glioblastoma cell lines (U87MG and U87MG overexpressing EGFR). Six molecules (two EGFR, two PI3Kp110β, and two dual inhibitors) decreased cell viability by 40–99%, with the greatest effect observed for the dual inhibitors. The glioma cytotoxicity was confirmed by analysis of targets’ downregulation and increased apoptosis (15–85%). Safety to BBB endothelial cells was confirmed for three of those molecules (one EGFR and two PI3Kp110β inhibitors). These molecules crossed the endothelial monolayer in the BBB in vitro model and in the BBB-glioblastoma co-culture system. These results revealed novel drug candidates for glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Franco
- LASIGE, Department of Informatics, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.F.); (S.K.)
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.F.B.S.); (R.C.G.)
| | - Samina Kausar
- LASIGE, Department of Informatics, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.F.); (S.K.)
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.F.B.S.); (R.C.G.)
| | - Margarida F. B. Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.F.B.S.); (R.C.G.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita C. Guedes
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.F.B.S.); (R.C.G.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andre O. Falcao
- LASIGE, Department of Informatics, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.F.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: (A.O.F.); (M.A.B.); Tel.: +351-217500239 (A.O.F.); +351-217946449 (M.A.B.)
| | - Maria Alexandra Brito
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.F.B.S.); (R.C.G.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.O.F.); (M.A.B.); Tel.: +351-217500239 (A.O.F.); +351-217946449 (M.A.B.)
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Connexin 43 confers chemoresistance through activating PI3K. Oncogenesis 2022; 11:2. [PMID: 35022385 PMCID: PMC8755794 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-022-00378-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circumventing chemoresistance is crucial for effectively treating cancer including glioblastoma, a lethal brain cancer. The gap junction protein connexin 43 (Cx43) renders glioblastoma resistant to chemotherapy; however, targeting Cx43 is difficult because mechanisms underlying Cx43-mediated chemoresistance remain elusive. Here we report that Cx43, but not other connexins, is highly expressed in a subpopulation of glioblastoma and Cx43 mRNA levels strongly correlate with poor prognosis and chemoresistance in this population, making Cx43 the prime therapeutic target among all connexins. Depleting Cx43 or treating cells with αCT1–a Cx43 peptide inhibitor that sensitizes glioblastoma to the chemotherapy temozolomide–inactivates phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), whereas overexpression of Cx43 activates this signaling. Moreover, αCT1-induced chemo-sensitization is counteracted by a PI3K active mutant. Further research reveals that αCT1 inactivates PI3K without blocking the release of PI3K-activating molecules from membrane channels and that Cx43 selectively binds to the PI3K catalytic subunit β (PIK3CB, also called PI3Kβ or p110β), suggesting that Cx43 activates PIK3CB/p110β independent of its channel functions. To explore the therapeutic potential of simultaneously targeting Cx43 and PIK3CB/p110β, αCT1 is combined with TGX-221 or GSK2636771, two PIK3CB/p110β-selective inhibitors. These two different treatments synergistically inactivate PI3K and sensitize glioblastoma cells to temozolomide in vitro and in vivo. Our study has revealed novel mechanistic insights into Cx43/PI3K-mediated temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma and demonstrated that targeting Cx43 and PIK3CB/p110β together is an effective therapeutic approach for overcoming chemoresistance.
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10
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Zhuang X, Gao F, Shi L, Liu W, Wang W, He X, Gao Y. MicroRNA-146b-3p regulates the dysfunction of vascular smooth muscle cells via repressing phosphoinositide-3 kinase catalytic subunit gamma. Bioengineered 2021; 12:2627-2638. [PMID: 34115567 PMCID: PMC8806462 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1937904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are crucial regulators in the phenotype switch of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Nonetheless, the role of miR-146b-3p in VSMCs remains unclear. In the present study, platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) at different concentrations was employed to stimulate VSMCs for different times, to establish the model of VSMC dysfunction. The relative expression of miR-146b-3p was quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The proliferation of VSMCs was measured by BrdU assay. Flow cytometry analysis was employed for the analysis of cell cycle. VSMC migration was detected by Transwell assay. Phosphoinositide-3 kinase catalytic subunit-gamma (PIK3CG) and markers of VSMC differentiation, including α-SMA, SM-22α, SMMHC, and Calponin were examined employing Western blot. The targeting relationship between miR-146b-3p and PIK3CG 3ʹ-UTR was affirmed by dual-luciferase gene assay. We report that the reduction of miR-146b-3p expression was induced by PDGF-BB in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). The overexpression of miR-146b-3p counteracted the effects of PDGF-BB on the proliferation and migration of VSMCs and increased the expressions of differentiation markers (P < 0.05). Additionally, PIK3CG expression was negatively regulated by miR-146b-3p, and the restoration of PIK3CG partly eliminated the effects of miR-146b-3p on VSMCs (P < 0.05). In summary, miR-146b-3p represses the proliferation, migration, and phenotype switch of VSMCs induced by PDGF-BB via targeting PIK3CG. Therefore, miR-146b-3p/PIK3CG may be a potential target for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijing Zhuang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Dalian Municipal Center Hospital, Dalian Liaoning, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Dalian Municipal Center Hospital, Dalian Liaoning, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Dalian Municipal Center Hospital, Dalian Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Dalian Municipal Center Hospital, Dalian Liaoning, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Dalian Municipal Center Hospital, Dalian Liaoning, China
| | - Xuezhi He
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Dalian Municipal Center Hospital, Dalian Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Dalian Municipal Center Hospital, Dalian Liaoning, China
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11
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Yan Y, Takayasu T, Hines G, Dono A, Hsu SH, Zhu JJ, Riascos-Castaneda RF, Kamali A, Bhattacharjee MB, Blanco AI, Tandon N, Kim DH, Ballester LY, Esquenazi AY. Landscape of Genomic Alterations in IDH Wild-Type Glioblastoma Identifies PI3K as a Favorable Prognostic Factor. JCO Precis Oncol 2020; 4:575-584. [DOI: 10.1200/po.19.00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE IDH wild-type (WT) glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive tumor with poor survival despite current therapies. The aim of this study was to characterize its genomic profile and determine whether a particular molecular signature is associated with improved survival outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS Tumor samples from 232 patients with IDH-WT GBM were sequenced, and the landscape of genomic alterations was fully delineated. Genomics data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort were analyzed for confirmation. Association of alterations with survival was evaluated in both univariable and multivariable approaches. RESULTS The genomic landscape of IDH-WT GBM revealed a high frequency of CDKN2A/B loss, TERT promoter mutations, PTEN loss, EGFR alteration, and TP53 mutations. Novel variants or gene mutations, such as ARID1B and MLL2, were identified. To better understand synergistic effects and facilitate decision making for precision medicine, we identified 11 pairs of gene alterations that tended to co-occur or were mutually exclusive, which were confirmed in the TCGA cohort. Survival analysis showed that genomic alterations in TP53 were associated with worse overall survival (OS). However, alterations in PI3K class I genes were associated with significantly better OS (univariable analysis: P = .002; multivariable analysis: hazard ratio [HR], 0.5785; P = .00162) and longer progression-free survival (univariable analysis: P = .0043; multivariable analysis: HR, 0.6228; P = .00913). CONCLUSION Genomic alterations in PI3K class I are a favorable prognostic factor in IDH-WT GBM. This new prognostic biomarker may facilitate risk stratification of patients, assist in clinical trial enrollment, and provide potential therapeutic targets
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqing Yan
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Takeshi Takayasu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Gabriella Hines
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Antonio Dono
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Sigmund H. Hsu
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
- Memorial Hermann Hospital, Mischer Neuroscience Institute, Houston, TX
| | - Jay-Jiguang Zhu
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
- Memorial Hermann Hospital, Mischer Neuroscience Institute, Houston, TX
| | - Roy F. Riascos-Castaneda
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Arash Kamali
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Meenakshi B. Bhattacharjee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Angel I. Blanco
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
- Memorial Hermann Hospital, Mischer Neuroscience Institute, Houston, TX
| | - Nitin Tandon
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
- Memorial Hermann Hospital, Mischer Neuroscience Institute, Houston, TX
| | - Dong H. Kim
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
- Memorial Hermann Hospital, Mischer Neuroscience Institute, Houston, TX
| | - Leomar Y. Ballester
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
- Memorial Hermann Hospital, Mischer Neuroscience Institute, Houston, TX
| | - and Yoshua Esquenazi
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
- Memorial Hermann Hospital, Mischer Neuroscience Institute, Houston, TX
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
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12
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Pruteanu LL, Kopanitsa L, Módos D, Kletnieks E, Samarova E, Bender A, Gomez LD, Bailey DS. Transcriptomics predicts compound synergy in drug and natural product treated glioblastoma cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239551. [PMID: 32946518 PMCID: PMC7500592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathway analysis is an informative method for comparing and contrasting drug-induced gene expression in cellular systems. Here, we define the effects of the marine natural product fucoxanthin, separately and in combination with the prototypic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY-294002, on gene expression in a well-established human glioblastoma cell system, U87MG. Under conditions which inhibit cell proliferation, LY-294002 and fucoxanthin modulate many pathways in common, including the retinoblastoma, DNA damage, DNA replication and cell cycle pathways. In sharp contrast, we see profound differences in the expression of genes characteristic of pathways such as apoptosis and lipid metabolism, contributing to the development of a differentiated and distinctive drug-induced gene expression signature for each compound. Furthermore, in combination, fucoxanthin synergizes with LY-294002 in inhibiting the growth of U87MG cells, suggesting complementarity in their molecular modes of action and pointing to further treatment combinations. The synergy we observe between the dietary nutraceutical fucoxanthin and the synthetic chemical LY-294002 in producing growth arrest in glioblastoma, illustrates the potential of nutri-pharmaceutical combinations in targeting this challenging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia-Lorena Pruteanu
- IOTA Pharmaceuticals Ltd, St Johns Innovation Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (LLP); (DSB)
| | - Liliya Kopanitsa
- IOTA Pharmaceuticals Ltd, St Johns Innovation Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dezső Módos
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Molecular Informatics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Edgars Kletnieks
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Molecular Informatics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Samarova
- IOTA Pharmaceuticals Ltd, St Johns Innovation Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Bender
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Molecular Informatics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Leonardo Dario Gomez
- Department of Biology, Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - David Stanley Bailey
- IOTA Pharmaceuticals Ltd, St Johns Innovation Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (LLP); (DSB)
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13
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To SS, Azam Z, Shao W, Ng HK, Wang J, Chen ZP. Comprehensive RNAseq analysis reveals PIK3CD promotes glioblastoma tumorigenesis by mediating PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. GLIOMA 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/glioma.glioma_23_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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14
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Wang L, Wei CY, Xu YY, Deng XY, Wang Q, Ying JH, Zhang SM, Yuan X, Xuan TF, Pan YY, Gu JY. Prognostic genes of melanoma identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis and drug repositioning using a network-based method. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:6066-6078. [PMID: 31788081 PMCID: PMC6864934 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most malignant types of skin cancer. However, the efficacy and utility of available drug therapies for melanoma are limited. The objective of the present study was to identify potential genes associated with melanoma progression and to explore approved therapeutic drugs that target these genes. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was used to construct a gene co-expression network, explore the associations between genes and clinical characteristics and identify potential biomarkers. Gene expression profiles of the GSE65904 dataset were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. RNA-sequencing data and clinical information associated with melanoma obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas were used for biomarker validation. A total of 15 modules were identified through average linkage hierarchical clustering. In the two significant modules, three network hub genes associated with melanoma prognosis were identified: C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), interleukin 7 receptor (IL7R) and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit γ (PIK3CG). The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that the mRNA levels of these genes exhibited excellent prognostic efficiency for primary and metastatic tumor tissues. In addition, the proximity between candidate genes associated with melanoma progression and drug targets obtained from DrugBank was calculated in the protein interaction network, and the top 15 drugs that may be suitable for treating melanoma were identified. In summary, co-expression network analysis led to the selection of CXCR4, IL7R and PIK3CG for further basic and clinical research on melanoma. Utilizing a network-based method, 15 drugs that exhibited potential for the treatment of melanoma were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Chuan-Yuan Wei
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Xu
- Department of Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yi Deng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jiang-Hui Ying
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Si-Min Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Fan Xuan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Yan Pan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ying Gu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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15
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Aguila B, Morris AB, Spina R, Bar E, Schraner J, Vinkler R, Sohn JW, Welford SM. The Ig superfamily protein PTGFRN coordinates survival signaling in glioblastoma multiforme. Cancer Lett 2019; 462:33-42. [PMID: 31377205 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant primary brain tumor with a median survival of approximately 14 months. Despite aggressive treatment of surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, only 3-5% of GBM patients survive more than 3 years. Contributing to this poor therapeutic response, it is believed that GBM contains both intrinsic and acquired mechanisms of resistance, including resistance to radiation therapy. In order to define novel mediators of radiation resistance, we conducted a functional knockdown screen, and identified the immunoglobulin superfamily protein, PTGFRN. In GBM, PTGFRN is found to be overexpressed and to correlate with poor survival. Reducing PTGFRN expression radiosensitizes GBM cells and potently decreases the rate of cell proliferation and tumor growth. Further, PTGFRN inhibition results in significant reduction of PI3K p110β and phosphorylated AKT, due to instability of p110β. Additionally, PTGFRN inhibition decreases nuclear p110β leading to decreased DNA damage sensing and DNA damage repair. Therefore overexpression of PTGFRN in glioblastoma promotes AKT-driven survival signaling and tumor growth, as well as increased DNA repair signaling. These findings suggest PTGFRN is a potential signaling hub for aggressiveness in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Aguila
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Adina Brett Morris
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Raffaella Spina
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Eli Bar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Julie Schraner
- Department of Radiation Onoclogy, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Robert Vinkler
- Department of Radiation Onoclogy, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jason W Sohn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, 15212, USA
| | - Scott M Welford
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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16
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Sheng KL, Pridham KJ, Sheng Z, Lamouille S, Varghese RT. Functional Blockade of Small GTPase RAN Inhibits Glioblastoma Cell Viability. Front Oncol 2019; 8:662. [PMID: 30671385 PMCID: PMC6331428 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, the most common malignant tumor in the brain, lacks effective treatments and is currently incurable. To identify novel drug targets for this deadly cancer, the publicly available results of RNA interference screens from the Project Achilles database were analyzed. Ten candidate genes were identified as survival genes in 15 glioblastoma cell lines. RAN, member RAS oncogene family (RAN) was expressed in glioblastoma at the highest level among all candidates based upon cDNA microarray data. However, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis did not show any correlation between RAN mRNA levels and patient survival. Because RAN is a small GTPase that regulates nuclear transport controlled by karyopherin subunit beta 1 (KPNB1), RAN was further analyzed together with KPNB1. Indeed, GBM patients with high levels of RAN also had more KPNB1 and levels of KPNB1 alone did not relate to patient prognosis. Through a Cox multivariate analysis, GBM patients with high levels of RAN and KPNB1 showed significantly shorter life expectancy when temozolomide and promoter methylation of O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase were used as covariates. These results indicate that RAN and KPNB1 together are associated with drug resistance and GBM poor prognosis. Furthermore, the functional blockade of RAN and KPNB1 by importazole remarkably suppressed cell viability and activated apoptosis in GBM cells expressing high levels of RAN, while having a limited effect on astrocytes and GBM cells with undetectable RAN. Together, our results demonstrate that RAN activity is important for GBM survival and the functional blockade of RAN/KPNB1 is an appealing therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L Sheng
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Kevin J Pridham
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Zhi Sheng
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, United States.,Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States.,Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.,Faculty of Health Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Samy Lamouille
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA, United States.,Basic Science Education, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Robin T Varghese
- Department of Biological Affairs and Research, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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17
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Casein Kinase 1 Epsilon Regulates Glioblastoma Cell Survival. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13621. [PMID: 30206363 PMCID: PMC6134061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31864-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common malignant brain cancer with a dismal prognosis. The difficulty in treating glioblastoma is largely attributed to the lack of effective therapeutic targets. In our previous work, we identified casein kinase 1 ε (CK1ε, also known as CSNK1E) as a potential survival factor in glioblastoma. However, how CK1ε controls cell survival remains elusive and whether targeting CK1ε is a possible treatment for glioblastoma requires further investigation. Here we report that CK1ε was expressed at the highest level among six CK1 isoforms in glioblastoma and enriched in high-grade glioma, but not glia cells. Depletion of CK1ε remarkably inhibited the growth of glioblastoma cells and suppressed self-renewal of glioblastoma stem cells, while having limited effect on astrocytes. CK1ε deprivation activated β-catenin and induced apoptosis, which was further counteracted by knockdown of β-catenin. The CK1ε inhibitor IC261, but not PF-4800567, activated β-catenin and blocked the growth of glioblastoma cells and glioblastoma stem cells. Congruently, IC261 elicited a robust growth inhibition of human glioblastoma xenografts in mice. Together, our results demonstrate that CK1ε regulates the survival of glioblastoma cells and glioblastoma stem cells through β-catenin signaling, underscoring the importance of targeting CK1ε as an effective treatment for glioblastoma.
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