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Dai T, Li J, Liang RB, Yu H, Lu X, Wang G. Identification and Experimental Validation of the Prognostic Significance and Immunological Correlation of Glycosylation-Related Signature and ST6GALNAC4 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2023; 10:531-551. [PMID: 37034303 PMCID: PMC10081533 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s400472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Glycosylation has been demonstrated to be involved in tumorigenesis, progression, and immunoregulation, and to present specific profiles in different tumors. In this study, we aimed to explore the specific glycosylation-related gene (GRG) signature and its potential immunological roles and prognostic implications in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients and Methods The GRG expression profile was defined using the transcriptome data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus. Univariate and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox analyses were performed to develop a GRG-based risk score model. A nomogram was subsequently established and validated. Its correlation with cancer immune microenvironment and drug susceptibility was further analyzed. The role and immunological correlation of ST6GALNAC4 were further experimentally validated at the tissue and cellular levels in HCC. Results A total of 87 GRGs were identified to be significantly dysregulated in HCC, and a novel risk score model was constructed using eight critical GRGs, which demonstrated superior prognostic discrimination and predictive power in both training and validation groups. High risk scores in HCC patients were associated with lower OS. The model was also identified as an independent risk factor for HCC, and a novel nomogram was subsequently constructed and validated. Notably, significant correlations were found in risk scores with immune cells infiltration, tumor immunophenotyping, immune checkpoint genes' expression, and sensitivities to multiple drugs. Furthermore, we validated in local HCC samples that ST6GALNAC4 was significantly upregulated and its knockdown significantly inhibited the tumor proliferation, migration and invasion ability and affected the expression of immune checkpoints on hepatoma cells. Conclusion We identified a novel GRG-based model which showed significant prognostic and immunological correlations in HCC, and the oncogenic role of ST6GALNAC4 has been validated and may serve as a potential drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxing Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplant Program, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, People’s Republic of China
| | - Run-Bin Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoyuan Yu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplant Program, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Lu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplant Program, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoying Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplant Program, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Guoying Wang, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-20-83062703, Fax +86-20-83395651, Email
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2
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Zhang J, Lai Z, Ding R, Zhou J, Yuan Z, Li D, Qin X, Zhou J, Li Z. Diagnostic potential of site-specific serotransferrin N-glycosylation in discriminating different liver diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 539:175-183. [PMID: 36543268 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered glycosylation modulates the structure and function of disease-related proteins. The associations between serotransferrin (STF) N-glycosylation and liver diseases (LDs) have been revealed. However, how intact N-glycopeptides vary among different types of liver diseases remains unclear. METHODS Intact STF N-glycopeptides from patients with chronic liver disease (CLD, n = 92), primary liver cancer (PLC, n = 123), metastatic liver cancer (MLC, n = 57), and healthy controls (HCs, n = 59) were determined using high-resolution mass spectrometry. RESULTS Significant changes were displayed in STF glycosylation among 4 groups. The LD screening model, including Asn432 G1S/G2S, Asn432 G2S/G2S2, and Asn630 G2NS2/G2FNS2, was constructed to differentiate LDs from HCs, with a AUC of 0.92. The liver cancer (LC) diagnostic model, a combination of Asn432 G1-N/G1S-N, Asn432 G1/G2, Asn432 G2FS/G2FS2, and Asn630 G1S-N /G1S, showed good performance in discriminating LC from CLD (AUC = 0.93). Moreover, AFP-negative LC patients (93 %) were successfully predicted by the LC diagnostic model. Furthermore, the MLC triage model, composed of Asn432 G1/G2, Asn432 G3F/G3FS, Asn630 G2/G2S, Asn630 G2S2/G2NS2, and Asn630 G3FS/G3FS2, yielded an AUC of 0.98 between PLC and MLC. CONCLUSIONS STF N-glycosylation is a potential biomarker for the accurate classification of different LDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Zhang
- Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dongdan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Zhizhen Lai
- Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dongdan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medical, Peking Union Medical College Hospital & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jinyu Zhou
- Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dongdan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Zhonghao Yuan
- Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dongdan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dongdan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xuzhen Qin
- Department of Laboratory Medical, Peking Union Medical College Hospital & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Jiang Zhou
- Department of Analytical Instrumentation Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Zhili Li
- Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dongdan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, China.
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2017-2018. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:227-431. [PMID: 34719822 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review is the tenth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2018. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to glycan and glycoprotein analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, new methods, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation and the use of arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Most of the applications are presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. The reported work shows increasing use of combined new techniques such as ion mobility and highlights the impact that MALDI imaging is having across a range of diciplines. MALDI is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and the range of applications continue steady progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Lim SY, Selvaraji S, Lau H, Li SFY. Application of omics beyond the central dogma in coronary heart disease research: A bibliometric study and literature review. Comput Biol Med 2022; 140:105069. [PMID: 34847384 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.105069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite remarkable progress in disease diagnosis and treatment, coronary heart disease (CHD) remains the number one leading cause of death worldwide. Many practical challenges still faced in clinical settings necessitates the pursuit of omics studies to identify alternative/orthogonal biomarkers, as well as to discover novel insights into disease mechanisms. Albeit relatively nascent as compared to the omics frontrunners (genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics), omics beyond the central dogma (OBCD; e.g., metabolomics, lipidomics, glycomics, and metallomics) have undeniable contributions and prospects in CHD research. In this bibliometric study, we characterised the global trends in publication/citation outputs, collaborations, and research hotspots concerning OBCD-CHD, with a focus on the more prolific fields of metabolomics and lipidomics. As for glycomics and metallomics, there were insufficient publication records on their applications in CHD research for quantitative bibliometrics analysis. Thus, we reviewed their applications in health/disease research in general, discussed and justified their potential in CHD research, and suggested important/promising research avenues. By summarising evidence obtained both quantitatively and qualitatively, this study offers a first and comprehensive picture of OBCD applications in CHD, facilitating the establishment of future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Ying Lim
- Integrative Sciences & Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, University Hall, Tan Chin Tuan Wing, Singapore 119077, Singapore; Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Sharmelee Selvaraji
- Integrative Sciences & Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, University Hall, Tan Chin Tuan Wing, Singapore 119077, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 2 Medical Drive MD9, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
| | - Hazel Lau
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Sam Fong Yau Li
- Integrative Sciences & Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, University Hall, Tan Chin Tuan Wing, Singapore 119077, Singapore; Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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5
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Li J, Zhao T, Li J, Shen J, Jia L, Zhu B, Dang L, Ma C, Liu D, Mu F, Hu L, Sun S. Precision N-glycoproteomics reveals elevated LacdiNAc as a novel signature of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:2135-2152. [PMID: 34855283 PMCID: PMC9168967 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer, mainly comprising hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), remains a major global health problem. Although ICC is clinically different from HCC, their molecular differences are still largely unclear. In this study, precision N‐glycoproteomic analysis was performed on both ICC and HCC tumors as well as paracancer tissues to investigate their aberrant site‐specific N‐glycosylation. By using our newly developed glycoproteomic methods and novel algorithm, termed ‘StrucGP’, a total of 486 N‐glycan structures attached on 1235 glycosites were identified from 894 glycoproteins in ICC and HCC tumors. Notably, glycans with uncommon LacdiNAc (GalNAcβ1‐4GlcNAc) structures were distinguished from their isomeric glycans. In addition to several bi‐antennary and/or bisecting glycans that were commonly elevated in ICC and HCC, a number of LacdiNAc‐containing, tri‐antennary, and core‐fucosylated glycans were uniquely increased in ICC. More interestingly, almost all LacdiNAc‐containing N‐glycopeptides were enhanced in ICC tumor but not in HCC tumor, and this phenomenon was further confirmed by lectin histochemistry and the high expression of β1‐4 GalNAc transferases in ICC at both mRNA and protein expression levels. The novel N‐glycan alterations uniquely detected in ICC provide a valuable resource for future studies regarding to the discovery of ICC diagnostic biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and mechanism investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- College of Life ScienceNorthwest UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Ting Zhao
- College of Life ScienceNorthwest UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jing Li
- College of Life ScienceNorthwest UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jiechen Shen
- College of Life ScienceNorthwest UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Li Jia
- College of Life ScienceNorthwest UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Bojing Zhu
- College of Life ScienceNorthwest UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Liuyi Dang
- College of Life ScienceNorthwest UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Chen Ma
- College of Life ScienceNorthwest UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Didi Liu
- College of Life ScienceNorthwest UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Fan Mu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryInstitute of Advanced Surgical Technology and EngineeringThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityChina
| | - Liangshuo Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryInstitute of Advanced Surgical Technology and EngineeringThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityChina
| | - Shisheng Sun
- College of Life ScienceNorthwest UniversityXi'anChina
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly malignant disease and early diagnosis rates remain to be unsatisfactory. Owing to this limitation, advances in treatment options including liver transplantation (LT) are limited to improve survival. Recent HCC guidelines no longer recommend alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) as a surveillance and diagnostic tool for HCC. Hence, utilization of novel biomarkers has become imperative to improve disease management strategies. Noninvasive, serum-based biomarkers are potential options to aid early diagnosis as well as prompting treatment. However, further studies are required to find out the accuracy and potential of these approaches and introduce into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dincer Ozgor
- Department of Surgery and Liver Transplant Institute, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, 244280, Malatya, Turkey. .,Department of Surgery and Liver Transplant Institute, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Elazig Yolu 10. Km, 44280, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Emrah Otan
- Department of Surgery and Liver Transplant Institute, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, 244280, Malatya, Turkey
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7
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Wan L, Guo L, Hu Y, Huang H, Zhang M, Xu K, De G, Zheng F, Wu Z, Hu C, Wen Z. Comparing the diagnostic value of serum oligosaccharide chain (G-test) and alpha-fetoprotein for hepatitis B virus-related liver cancer. Clin Biochem 2020; 89:44-50. [PMID: 33309517 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study compared the diagnostic efficiency of serum oligosaccharide chain (G-test) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) for hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Serum samples from 100 patients (divided into five groups of 20 each, namely the hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, health, and interference groups) who were admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from October 2019 to January 2020 were collected, and the levels of G-test and AFP were determined. The sensitivity and specificity of the two indicators were compared, and the receiver operating characteristic curve of the subjects was drawn to evaluate the diagnostic values of G-test and AFP for HCC. RESULTS The diagnostic ability of G-test (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.88 ± 0.05) was better than that of AFP (AUC: 0.76 ± 0.05). When G-test and AFP were combined for detection, the AUC was larger than that of either indicator. The G-test was superior to AFP in the differential diagnosis of early HCC and cirrhosis. A combination of the two indicators (AUC: 0.769 ± 0.05) significantly improved the diagnostic rate for early HCC, indicating that G-test and AFP complemented each other. CONCLUSION G-test was better than AFP for screening HCC in patients with chronic hepatitis B and cirrhosis. The combination of the two further improved the diagnostic rate of hepatitis B-related liver cancer. The G-test improves the screening rate of early HCC in patients with cirrhosis. Therefore, these markers are of great clinical significance and can improve the sensitivity of HCC detection and reduce missed diagnosis rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Youwen Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongyan Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Moran Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kedong Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Gejirifu De
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fengfei Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhengqiang Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chungen Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhili Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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Xu L, Zhao Q, Luo J, Ma W, Jin Y, Li C, Hou Y, Feng M, Wang Y, Chen J, Zhao J, Zheng Y, Yu D. Integration of proteomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics reveals novel metabolic mechanisms underlying N, N-dimethylformamide induced hepatotoxicity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 205:111166. [PMID: 32827966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) is a universal organic solvent which widely used in various industries, and a considerable amount of DMF is detected in industrial effluents. Accumulating animal and epidemiological studies have identified liver injury as an early toxic effect of DMF exposure; however, the detailed mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we systematically integrated the quantitative proteomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics data obtained from the primary human hepatocytes exposed to DMF, to depict the complicated biochemical reactions correlated to liver damage. Eventually, we identified 284 deregulated proteins (221 downregulated and 63 upregulated) and 149 deregulated lipids or metabolites (99 downregulated and 50 upregulated) induced by DMF exposure. Further, the integration of the protein-metabolite (lipid) interactions revealed that N-glycan biosynthesis (involved in the endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response), bile acid metabolism (involved in the lipid metabolism and the inflammatory process), and mitochondrial dysfunction and glutathione depletion (both contributed to reactive oxygen species) were the typical biochemical reactions disturbed by DMF exposure. In summary, our study identified the versatile protein, lipid, and metabolite molecules in multiple signaling and metabolic pathways involved in DMF induced liver injury, and provided new insights to elucidate the toxic mechanisms of DMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qianwen Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiao Luo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wanli Ma
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan Jin
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chuanhai Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yufei Hou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meiyao Feng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinquan Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Dianke Yu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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de Haan N, Wuhrer M, Ruhaak L. Mass spectrometry in clinical glycomics: The path from biomarker identification to clinical implementation. CLINICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY (DEL MAR, CALIF.) 2020; 18:1-12. [PMID: 34820521 PMCID: PMC8600986 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinms.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, the genome and proteome have been widely explored for biomarker discovery and personalized medicine. However, there is still a large need for improved diagnostics and stratification strategies for a wide range of diseases. Post-translational modification of proteins by glycosylation affects protein structure and function, and glycosylation has been implicated in many prevalent human diseases. Numerous proteins for which the plasma levels are nowadays evaluated in clinical practice are glycoproteins. While the glycosylation of these proteins often changes with disease, their glycosylation status is largely ignored in the clinical setting. Hence, the implementation of glycomic markers in the clinic is still in its infancy. This is for a large part caused by the high complexity of protein glycosylation itself and of the analytical techniques required for their robust quantification. Mass spectrometry-based workflows are particularly suitable for the quantification of glycans and glycoproteins, but still require advances for their transformation from a biomedical research setting to a clinical laboratory. In this review, we describe why and how glycomics is expected to find its role in clinical tests and the status of current mass spectrometry-based methods for clinical glycomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. de Haan
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - L.R. Ruhaak
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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10
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Protein Glycosylation Investigated by Mass Spectrometry: An Overview. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091986. [PMID: 32872358 PMCID: PMC7564411 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein glycosylation is a post-translational modification of crucial importance for its involvement in molecular recognition, protein trafficking, regulation, and inflammation. Indeed, abnormalities in protein glycosylation are correlated with several disease states such as cancer, inflammatory diseases, and congenial disorders. The understanding of cellular mechanisms through the elucidation of glycan composition encourages researchers to find analytical solutions for their detection. Actually, the multiplicity and diversity of glycan structures bond to the proteins, the variations in polarity of the individual saccharide residues, and the poor ionization efficiencies make their detection much trickier than other kinds of biopolymers. An overview of the most prominent techniques based on mass spectrometry (MS) for protein glycosylation (glycoproteomics) studies is here presented. The tricks and pre-treatments of samples are discussed as a crucial step prodromal to the MS analysis to improve the glycan ionization efficiency. Therefore, the different instrumental MS mode is also explored for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of glycopeptides and the glycans structural composition, thus contributing to the elucidation of biological mechanisms.
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11
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Cao X, Shang QH, Chi XL, Zhang W, Xiao HM, Sun MM, Chen G, An Y, Lv CL, Wang L, Nan YM, Chen CY, Tan ZN, Liu XE, Zhuang H. Serum N-glycan markers for diagnosing liver fibrosis induced by hepatitis B virus. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:1067-1079. [PMID: 32205997 PMCID: PMC7080998 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i10.1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the primary cause of hepatitis with chronic HBV infection, which may develop into liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Detection of early-stage fibrosis related to HBV infection is of great clinical significance to block the progression of liver lesion. Direct liver biopsy is regarded as the gold standard to detect and assess fibrosis; however, this method is invasive and prone to clinical sampling error. In order to address these issues, we attempted to find more convenient and effective serum markers for detecting HBV-induced early-stage liver fibrosis.
AIM To investigate serum N-glycan profiling related to HBV-induced liver fibrosis and verify multiparameter diagnostic models related to serum N-glycan changes.
METHODS N-glycan profiles from the sera of 432 HBV-infected patients with liver fibrosis were analyzed. Significant changed N-glycan levels (peaks) (P < 0.05) in different fibrosis stages were selected in the modeling group, and multiparameter diagnostic models were established based on changed N-glycan levels by logistic regression analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate diagnostic efficacy of N-glycans models. These models were then compared with the aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) , fibrosis index based on the four factors (FIB-4), glutamyltranspeptidase platelet albumin index (S index), GlycoCirrho-test, and GlycoFibro-test. Furthermore, we combined multiparameter diagnostic models with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and platelet (PLT) tests and compared their diagnostic power. In addition, the diagnostic accuracy of N-glycan models was also verified in the validation group of patients.
RESULTS Multiparameter diagnostic models constructed based on N-glycan peak 1, 3, 4 and 8 could distinguish between different stages of liver fibrosis. The area under ROC curves (AUROCs) of Model A and Model B were 0.890 and 0.752, respectively differentiating fibrosis F0-F1 from F2-F4, and F0-F2 from F3-F4, and surpassing other serum panels. However, AUROC (0.747) in Model C used for the diagnosis of F4 from F0-F3 was lower than AUROC (0.795) in FIB-4. In combination with ALT and PLT, the multiparameter models showed better diagnostic power (AUROC = 0.912, 0.829, 0.885, respectively) when compared with other models. In the validation group, the AUROCs of the three combined models (0.929, 0.858, and 0.867, respectively) were still satisfactory. We also applied the combined models to distinguish adjacent fibrosis stages of 432 patients (F0-F1/F2/F3/F4), and the AUROCs were 0.917, 0.720 and 0.785.
CONCLUSION Multiparameter models based on serum N-glycans are effective supplementary markers to distinguish between adjacent fibrosis stages of patients caused by HBV, especially in combination with ALT and PLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Cao
- Department of Microbiology and Center of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qing-Hua Shang
- Department of Liver Disease, No. 88 Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Tai'an 271000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Chi
- Department of Hepatology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Liver Disease, No. 88 Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Tai'an 271000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Huan-Ming Xiao
- Department of Hepatology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mi-Mi Sun
- Department of Liver Disease, No. 88 Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Tai'an 271000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Liver Disease, No. 88 Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Tai'an 271000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yong An
- Department of Liver Disease, No. 88 Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Tai'an 271000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chun-Lei Lv
- Department of Liver Disease, No. 88 Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Tai'an 271000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Center of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yue-Min Nan
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Cui-Ying Chen
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Research, Xian si-da Biotechnology Company Limited, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zong-Nan Tan
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Research, Xian si-da Biotechnology Company Limited, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xue-En Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Center of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hui Zhuang
- Department of Microbiology and Center of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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12
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Serum N-glycan profiling is a potential biomarker for castration-resistant prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16761. [PMID: 31727974 PMCID: PMC6856113 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53384-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the diagnostic and prognostic potential of serum N-glycan profiling for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). We retrospectively investigated serum N-glycan structural analysis by glycoblotting for 287 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 289 patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer (PC), 57 patients with PC treated with androgen-deprivation therapy without disease progression (PC-ADT), and 60 patients with CRPC. N-Glycan profiling was compared between the non-CRPC (BPH, newly diagnosed PC and PC-ADT) and CRPC patients. We obtained the quantitative score for CRPC (CRPC N-glycan score) by discriminant analysis based on the combination of 9 N-glycans that were significantly associated with CRPC. The median CRPC N-glycan score was found to be significantly greater in CRPC patients than in non-CRPC patients. The CRPC N-glycan score could classify CRPC patients with sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve of 87%, 69%, and 0.88, respectively. The CRPC N-glycan score >1.7 points was significantly associated with poor prognosis in patients with CRPC. The glycoprotein analysis showed that not immunoglobulins but α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) were a potential candidate for the carrier protein of N-glycans. The overexpression of specific N-glycans may be associated with their castration-resistant status and be a potential biomarker for CRPC.
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13
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Evaluation of AGP Fucosylation as a Marker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Three Different Etiologies. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11580. [PMID: 31399619 PMCID: PMC6689003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A mass spectrometric analysis platform has been developed to determine whether glycosylation patterns of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) could be used as a marker for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in different etiologies, i.e. non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), alcoholic liver disease (ALC), and hepatitis C virus (HCV). MALDI-MS profiling of N-glycans of AGP purified from 20 μL of patient serum in HCC (n = 72) and liver cirrhosis (n = 58) showed that a unique trifucosylated tetra-antennary glycan (m/z 3490.76) was predominantly identified in HCCs but was absent in healthy subjects and the majority of cirrhosis patients. Receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the trifucosylated N-glycan of AGP (triFc_AGP) could differentiate HCC from cirrhosis with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.707, 0.726 and 0.751 for NASH, ALC and HCV, respectively. When combining triFc_AGP with INR and AFP, the panel had the greatest benefit in detection of NASH-related HCCs, with a significantly improved AUC of 0.882 for all NASH HCCs and 0.818 for early NASH HCCs compared to AFP alone (0.761 and 0.641, respectively). Moreover, triFc_AGP could serve as a potential marker for monitoring AFP-negative HCC patients.
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14
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Morsiani C, Bacalini MG, Santoro A, Garagnani P, Collura S, D'Errico A, de Eguileor M, Grazi GL, Cescon M, Franceschi C, Capri M. The peculiar aging of human liver: A geroscience perspective within transplant context. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 51:24-34. [PMID: 30772626 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An appraisal of recent data highlighting aspects inspired by the new Geroscience perspective are here discussed. The main findings are summarized as follows: i) liver has to be considered an immunological organ, and new studies suggest a role for the recently described cells named telocytes; ii) the liver-gut axis represents a crucial connection with environment and life style habits and may influence liver diseases onset; iii) the physiological aging of liver shows relatively modest alterations. Nevertheless, several molecular changes appear to be relevant: a) an increase of microRNA-31-5p; -141-3p; -200c-3p expressions after 60 years of age; b) a remodeling of genome-wide DNA methylation profile evident until 60 years of age and then plateauing; c) changes in transcriptome including the metabolic zones of hepatocyte lobules; d) liver undergoes an accelerated aging in presence of chronic inflammation/liver diseases in a sort of continuum, largely as a consequence of unhealthy life styles and exposure to environmental noxious agents. We argue that chronic liver inflammation has all the major characteristics of "inflammaging" and likely sustains the onset and progression of liver diseases. Finally, we propose to use a combination of parameters, mostly obtained by omics such as transcriptomics and epigenomics, to evaluate in deep both the biological age of liver (in comparison with the chronological age) and the effects of donor-recipient age-mismatches in the context of liver transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Morsiani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | | | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; CIG-Interdepartmental Center "Galvani", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; CIG-Interdepartmental Center "Galvani", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Clinical Chemistry Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Laboratory of Cell Biology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy; CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Salvatore Collura
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonia D'Errico
- Pathology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Magda de Eguileor
- DBSV-Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Cescon
- DIMEC-Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Applied Mathematics of the Institute of ITMM, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Miriam Capri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; CIG-Interdepartmental Center "Galvani", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; CSR-Centro di Studio per la Ricerca dell'Invecchiamento, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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15
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Sun L, Dong Z, Gu H, Guo Z, Yu Z. TINAGL1 promotes hepatocellular carcinogenesis through the activation of TGF-β signaling-medicated VEGF expression. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:767-775. [PMID: 30697069 PMCID: PMC6339651 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s190390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Tubulointerstitial nephritis antigen-like 1 (TINAGL1) is an extracellular matrix protein that plays an important role in cell adhesion and therefore modulates cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. In addition, it is frequently upregulated in highly metastatic tumors. The aim of our study was to determine the role of TINAGL1 in the progression and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and methods TINAGL1 mRNA levels were analyzed in HCC and adjacent non-tumorous samples by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Human HCC cell lines were transfected with lentiviral plasmids expressing either si-TINAGL1 or TINAGL1 and subjected to CCK-8, colony forming, transwell migration, Annexin V/propidium iodide, and 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine uptake assays. Suitably transfected HCC cells were injected into athymic nude mice to establish xenograft tumors that were imaged and measured on a weekly basis. Mediators of the TGF-β signaling pathway were analyzed by Western blot. Results TINAGL1 was upregulated in human HCC tissues and associated with poor prognosis. TINAGL1 knockdown suppressed HCC cell growth, proliferation, and migration and induced apoptosis in HCC cells, whereas TINAGL1 overexpression had opposite effects. In addition, inhibition of TINAGL1 retarded xenograft tumor growth in a nude mouse model. Mechanistically, TINAGL1 activated the TGF-β signaling pathway and increased VEGF secretion. Conclusion TINAGL1 promotes hepatocellular carcinogenesis and metastasis via the TGF-β/Smad3/VEGF axis and is a potential new biomarker of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,
| | - Zihui Dong
- Department of Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongli Gu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,
| | - Zhixian Guo
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,
| | - Zujiang Yu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,
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16
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Zhu J, Chen Z, Zhang J, An M, Wu J, Yu Q, Skilton SJ, Bern M, Sen KI, Li L, Lubman DM. Differential Quantitative Determination of Site-Specific Intact N-Glycopeptides in Serum Haptoglobin between Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Cirrhosis Using LC-EThcD-MS/MS. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:359-371. [PMID: 30370771 PMCID: PMC6465142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intact N-glycopeptide analysis remains challenging due to the complexity of glycopeptide structures, low abundance of glycopeptides in protein digests, and difficulties in data interpretation/quantitation. Herein, we developed a workflow that involved advanced methodologies, the EThcD-MS/MS fragmentation method and data interpretation software, for differential analysis of the microheterogeneity of site-specific intact N-glycopeptides of serum haptoglobin between early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver cirrhosis. Haptoglobin was immunopurified from 20 μL of serum in patients with early HCC, liver cirrhosis, and healthy controls, respectively, followed by trypsin/GluC digestion, glycopeptide enrichment, and LC-EThcD-MS/MS analysis. Identification and differential quantitation of site-specific N-glycopeptides were performed using a combination of Byonic and Byologic software. In total, 93, 87, and 68 site-specific N-glycopeptides were identified in early HCC, liver cirrhosis, and healthy controls, respectively, with high confidence. The increased variety of N-glycopeptides in liver diseases compared to healthy controls was due to increased branching with hyper-fucosylation and sialylation. Differential quantitation analysis showed that 5 site-specific N-glycopeptides on sites N184 and N241 were significantly elevated in early HCC compared to cirrhosis ( p < 0.05) and normal controls ( p ≤ 0.001). The result demonstrates that the workflow provides a strategy for detailed profiles of N-glycopeptides of patient samples as well as for relative quantitation to determine the level changes in site-specific N-glycopeptides between disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Zhengwei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mingrui An
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Qing Yu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - St. John Skilton
- Protein Metrics Incorporated, San Carlos, California 94070, United States
| | - Marshall Bern
- Protein Metrics Incorporated, San Carlos, California 94070, United States
| | - K. Ilker Sen
- Protein Metrics Incorporated, San Carlos, California 94070, United States
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - David M. Lubman
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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17
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Fast and facile analysis of glycosylation and phosphorylation of fibrinogen from human plasma-correlation with liver cancer and liver cirrhosis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:7965-7977. [PMID: 30397756 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1418-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest cancers due to its late diagnosis with the main risk factor being liver cirrhosis (LC). Glycan structures from glycoproteins are usually altered in cancer. Blood plasma from 111 healthy and sick donors was analyzed to determine the post-translational modifications (PTM) of intact Aα-, Bβ-, and γ-subunits of fibrinogen, a glycoprotein predominantly produced in liver cells. Glycosylation and phosphorylation of the protein species were quantified by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry to correlate PTMs to pathological cases. Quantities of the PTMs were used for statistical classification by principal component analysis (PCA) and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). As relevant clinical finding, patients with liver disease (HCC and/or LC) were distinguished from individuals without relevant chronic liver disease with 91% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Within the group of patients with liver disease, a robust separation between LC and HCC was not possible. In more detail, the phosphorylation of Aα-subunit is decreased in HCC patients, whereas the monophosphorylated state is significantly increased in LC patients. In terms of glycosylation, the amount of O-glycans in the Aα-subunit is decreased in LC patients, while sialylation and fucosylation of N-type glycans of Bβ- and γ-subunits are increased in LC and HCC. Based on PTM of fibrinogen, starting from plasma we can assign the status of an individual as healthy or as liver disease in less than 3 h.
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18
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Mato JM, Elortza F, Lu SC, Brun V, Paradela A, Corrales FJ. Liver cancer-associated changes to the proteome: what deserves clinical focus? Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 15:749-756. [PMID: 30204005 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1521277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is recognized as the fifth most common neoplasm and currently represents the second leading form of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite great progress has been done in the understanding of its pathogenesis, HCC represents a heavy societal and economic burden as most patients are still diagnosed at advanced stages and the 5-year survival rate remain below 20%. Early detection and revolutionary therapies that rely on the discovery of new molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets are therefore urgently needed to develop precision medicine strategies for a more efficient management of patients. Areas covered: This review intends to comprehensively analyse the proteomics-based research conducted in the last few years to address some of the principal still open riddles in HCC biology, based on the identification of molecular drivers of tumor progression and metastasis. Expert commentary: The technical advances in mass spectrometry experienced in the last decade have significantly improved the analytical capacity of proteome wide studies. Large-scale protein and protein variant (post-translational modifications) identification and quantification have allowed detailed dissections of molecular mechanisms underlying HCC progression and are already paving the way for the identification of clinically relevant proteins and the development of their use on patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Mato
- a CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, ProteoRed-ISCIII, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park , Derio , Spain.,b National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health , Madrid , Spain
| | - Félix Elortza
- a CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, ProteoRed-ISCIII, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park , Derio , Spain.,b National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health , Madrid , Spain
| | - Shelly C Lu
- c Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases , Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , LA , CA , USA
| | - Virginie Brun
- d Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, BIG, Biologie à Grande Echelle, Inserm , Grenoble , France
| | - Alberto Paradela
- e Functional Proteomics Laboratory , Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Proteored-ISCIII, CIBERehd , Madrid , Spain
| | - Fernando J Corrales
- b National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health , Madrid , Spain.,e Functional Proteomics Laboratory , Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Proteored-ISCIII, CIBERehd , Madrid , Spain
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