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Dahal S, Chaudhary P, Kim JA. Induction of promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein by miR-200c-3p restores sensitivity to anti-androgen therapy in androgen-refractory prostate cancer and inhibits the cancer progression via down-regulation of integrin α3β4. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023:10.1007/s13402-023-00803-y. [PMID: 36995683 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00803-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Androgen-refractory prostate cancer (ARPC) is one of the aggressive human cancers with metastatic capacity and resistance to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). The present study investigated the genes responsible for ARPC progression and ADT resistance, and their regulatory mechanisms. METHODS Transcriptome analysis, co-immunoprecipitation, confocal microscopy, and FACS analysis were performed to determine differentially-expressed genes, integrin α3β4 heterodimer, and cancer stem cell (CSC) population. miRNA array, 3'-UTR reporter assay, ChIP assay, qPCR, and immunoblotting were used to determine differentially-expressed microRNAs, their binding to integrin transcripts, and gene expressions. A xenograft tumor model was used to assess tumor growth and metastasis. RESULTS Metastatic ARPC cell lines (PC-3 and DU145) exhibiting significant downregulation of ZBTB16 and AR showed significantly upregulated ITGA3 and ITGB4. Silencing either one of the integrin α3β4 heterodimer significantly suppressed ARPC survival and CSC population. miRNA array and 3'-UTR reporter assay revealed that miR-200c-3p, the most strongly downregulated miRNA in ARPCs, directly bound to 3'-UTR of ITGA3 and ITGB4 to inhibit the gene expression. Concurrently, miR-200c-3p also increased PLZF expression, which, in turn, inhibited integrin α3β4 expression. Combination treatment with miR-200c-3p mimic and AR inhibitor enzalutamide showed synergistic inhibitory effects on ARPC cell survival in vitro and tumour growth and metastasis of ARPC xenografts in vivo, and the combination effect was greater than the mimic alone. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that miR-200c-3p treatment of ARPC is a promising therapeutic approach to restore the sensitivity to anti-androgen therapy and inhibit tumor growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadan Dahal
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Prakash Chaudhary
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Castellón EA, Indo S, Contreras HR. Cancer Stemness/Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Axis Influences Metastasis and Castration Resistance in Prostate Cancer: Potential Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314917. [PMID: 36499245 PMCID: PMC9736174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer death in men, worldwide. Mortality is highly related to metastasis and hormone resistance, but the molecular underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We have studied the presence and role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the Epithelial-Mesenchymal transition (EMT) in PCa, using both in vitro and in vivo models, thereby providing evidence that the stemness-mesenchymal axis seems to be a critical process related to relapse, metastasis and resistance. These are complex and related processes that involve a cooperative action of different cancer cell subpopulations, in which CSCs and mesenchymal cancer cells (MCCs) would be responsible for invading, colonizing pre-metastatic niches, initiating metastasis and an evading treatments response. Manipulating the stemness-EMT axis genes on the androgen receptor (AR) may shed some light on the effect of this axis on metastasis and castration resistance in PCa. It is suggested that the EMT gene SNAI2/Slug up regulates the stemness gene Sox2, and vice versa, inducing AR expression, promoting metastasis and castration resistance. This approach will provide new sight about the role of the stemness-mesenchymal axis in the metastasis and resistance mechanisms in PCa and their potential control, contributing to develop new therapeutic strategies for patients with metastatic and castration-resistant PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique A. Castellón
- Correspondence: (E.A.C.); (H.R.C.); Tel.: +56-229-786-863 (E.A.C.); +56-229-786-862 (H.R.C.)
| | | | - Héctor R. Contreras
- Correspondence: (E.A.C.); (H.R.C.); Tel.: +56-229-786-863 (E.A.C.); +56-229-786-862 (H.R.C.)
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3
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Gao W, Wang Y, Yu S, Wang Z, Ma T, Chan AML, Chiu PKF, Ng CF, Wu D, Chan FL. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-NO signaling axis functions to promote the growth of prostate cancer stem-like cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:188. [PMID: 35526071 PMCID: PMC9080127 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02864-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence supports that prostate cancer stem-like cells (PCSCs) play significant roles in therapy resistance and metastasis of prostate cancer. Many studies also show that nitric oxide (NO) synthesized by NO synthases can function to promote tumor progression. However, the exact roles of NOSs and NO signaling in the growth regulation of PCSCs and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) are still not fully understood. METHODS The regulatory functions of NOS-NO signaling were evaluated in prostate cancer cells, especially in PCSCs enriched by 3D spheroid culture and CD133/CD44 cell sorting. The molecular mechanisms of NOS-NO signaling in PCSCs growth regulation and tumor metastasis were investigated in PCSCs and mice orthotopic prostate tumor model. RESULTS Endothelial NOS (eNOS) exhibited a significant upregulation in high-grade prostate cancer and metastatic CRPC. Xenograft models of CRPC exhibited notable increased eNOS expression and higher intracellular NO levels. PCSCs isolated from various models displayed significant enhanced eNOS-NO signaling. Functional analyses demonstrated that increased eNOS expression could promote in vivo tumorigenicity and metastatic potential of prostate cancer cells. Characterization of eNOS-NO involved downstream pathway which confirmed that enhanced eNOS signaling could promote the growth of PCSCs and antiandrogen-resistant prostate cancer cells via an activated downstream NO-sGC-cGMP-PKG effector signaling pathway. Interestingly, eNOS expression could be co-targeted by nuclear receptor ERRα and transcription factor ERG in prostate cancer cells and PCSCs. CONCLUSIONS Enhanced eNOS-NO signaling could function to promote the growth of PCSCs and also the development of metastatic CRPC. Besides eNOS-NO as potential targets, targeting its upstream regulators (ERRα and ERG) of eNOS-NO signaling could also be the therapeutic strategy for the management of advanced prostate cancer, particularly the aggressive cancer carrying with the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shan Yu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhu Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Taiyang Ma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andrew Man-Lok Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peter Ka-Fung Chiu
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Fai Ng
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dinglan Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, The Clinical Innovation & Research Center (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Franky Leung Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
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The ETS Homologous Factor (EHF) Represents a Useful Immunohistochemical Marker for Predicting Prostate Cancer Metastasis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12040800. [PMID: 35453848 PMCID: PMC9025154 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12040800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to investigate the risk of prostate cancer metastasis formation associated with the expression of ETS homologous factor (EHF) in a cohort of bioptic samples. To this end, the expression of EHF was evaluated in a cohort of 152 prostate biopsies including primary prostate cancers that developed metastatic lesions, primary prostate cancers that did not develop metastasis, and benign lesions. Data here reported EHF as a candidate immunohistochemical prognostic biomarker for prostate cancer metastasis formation regardless of the Gleason scoring system. Indeed, our data clearly show that primary lesions with EHF positive cells ≥40% had a great risk of developing metastasis within five years from the first diagnosis. Patients with these lesions had about a 40-fold increased risk of developing metastasis as compared with patients with prostate lesions characterized by a percentage of EHF positive cells ≤30%. In conclusion, the immunohistochemical evaluation of EHF could significantly improve the management of prostate cancer patients by optimizing the diagnostic and therapeutic health procedures and, more important, ameliorating the patient’s quality of life.
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Mazzu YZ, Liao YR, Nandakumar S, Jehane LE, Koche RP, Rajanala SH, Li R, Zhao H, Gerke TA, Chakraborty G, Lee GSM, Nanjangud GJ, Gopalan A, Chen Y, Kantoff PW. Prognostic and therapeutic significance of COP9 signalosome subunit CSN5 in prostate cancer. Oncogene 2022; 41:671-682. [PMID: 34802033 PMCID: PMC9359627 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome 8q gain is associated with poor clinical outcomes in prostate cancer, but the underlying biological mechanisms remain to be clarified. CSN5, a putative androgen receptor (AR) partner that is located on chromosome 8q, is the key subunit of the COP9 signalosome, which deactivates ubiquitin ligases. Deregulation of CSN5 could affect diverse cellular functions that contribute to tumor development, but there has been no comprehensive study of its function in prostate cancer. The clinical significance of CSN5 amplification/overexpression was evaluated in 16 prostate cancer clinical cohorts. Its oncogenic activity was assessed by genetic and pharmacologic perturbations of CSN5 activity in prostate cancer cell lines. The molecular mechanisms of CSN5 function were assessed, as was the efficacy of the CSN5 inhibitor CSN5i-3 in vitro and in vivo. Finally, the transcription cofactor activity of CSN5 in prostate cancer cells was determined. The prognostic significance of CSN5 amplification and overexpression in prostate cancer was independent of MYC amplification. Inhibition of CSN5 inhibited its oncogenic function by targeting AR signaling, DNA repair, multiple oncogenic pathways, and spliceosome regulation. Furthermore, inhibition of CSN5 repressed metabolic pathways, including oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis in AR-negative prostate cancer cells. Targeting CSN5 with CSN5i-3 showed potent antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, CSN5i-3 synergizes with PARP inhibitors to inhibit prostate cancer cell growth. CSN5 functions as a transcription cofactor to cooperate with multiple transcription factors in prostate cancer. Inhibiting CSN5 strongly attenuates prostate cancer progression and could enhance PARP inhibition efficacy in the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Z. Mazzu
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Corresponding author name(s), contact info: Philip W. Kantoff, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA, Tel: 212-639-5851, Fax: 929-321-5023, , Ying Z. Mazzu, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA, Tel: 646-888-3190, Fax: 929-321-5023,
| | - Yu-Rou Liao
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Subhiksha Nandakumar
- Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lina E. Jehane
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Richard P. Koche
- Epigenetics Innovation Lab, Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sai Harisha Rajanala
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ruifang Li
- Epigenetics Innovation Lab, Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - HuiYong Zhao
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Goutam Chakraborty
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Gwo-Shu Mary Lee
- Department of Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gouri J. Nanjangud
- Molecular Cytogenetics Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Anuradha Gopalan
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Philip W. Kantoff
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Corresponding author name(s), contact info: Philip W. Kantoff, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA, Tel: 212-639-5851, Fax: 929-321-5023, , Ying Z. Mazzu, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA, Tel: 646-888-3190, Fax: 929-321-5023,
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Macedo-Silva C, Benedetti R, Ciardiello F, Cappabianca S, Jerónimo C, Altucci L. Epigenetic mechanisms underlying prostate cancer radioresistance. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:125. [PMID: 34103085 PMCID: PMC8186094 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the mainstay treatments for prostate cancer (PCa), a highly prevalent neoplasm among males worldwide. About 30% of newly diagnosed PCa patients receive RT with a curative intent. However, biochemical relapse occurs in 20–40% of advanced PCa treated with RT either alone or in combination with adjuvant-hormonal therapy. Epigenetic alterations, frequently associated with molecular variations in PCa, contribute to the acquisition of a radioresistant phenotype. Increased DNA damage repair and cell cycle deregulation decreases radio-response in PCa patients. Moreover, the interplay between epigenome and cell growth pathways is extensively described in published literature. Importantly, as the clinical pattern of PCa ranges from an indolent tumor to an aggressive disease, discovering specific targetable epigenetic molecules able to overcome and predict PCa radioresistance is urgently needed. Currently, histone-deacetylase and DNA-methyltransferase inhibitors are the most studied classes of chromatin-modifying drugs (so-called ‘epidrugs’) within cancer radiosensitization context. Nonetheless, the lack of reliable validation trials is a foremost drawback. This review summarizes the major epigenetically induced changes in radioresistant-like PCa cells and describes recently reported targeted epigenetic therapies in pre-clinical and clinical settings. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Macedo-Silva
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naplei, Italy.,Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center at Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, F Bdg, 1st Floor, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rosaria Benedetti
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naplei, Italy
| | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naplei, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cappabianca
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naplei, Italy
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center at Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, F Bdg, 1st Floor, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal. .,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology at School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal.
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naplei, Italy.
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7
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Giacobino C, Canta M, Fornaguera C, Borrós S, Cauda V. Extracellular Vesicles and Their Current Role in Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092280. [PMID: 34068657 PMCID: PMC8126043 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In recent years, immunotherapy has shown great advancement, becoming a powerful tool to combat cancer. In this context, the use of biologically derived vesicles has also acquired importance for cancer immunotherapy. Extracellular vesicles are thus proposed to transport molecules able to trigger an immune response and thus fight cancer cells. As a particular immunotherapeutic approach, a new technique also consists in the exploitation of extracellular vesicles as new cancer vaccines. The present review provides basic notions on cancer immunotherapy and describes several clinical trials in which therapeutic anticancer vaccines are tested. In particular, the potential of extracellular vesicles-based therapeutic vaccines in the treatment of cancer patients is highlighted, even with advanced stage-cancer. A focus on the clinical studies, already completed or still in progress, is offered and a systematic collection and reorganization of the present literature on this topic is proposed to the reader. Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are natural particles formed by the lipid bilayer and released from almost all cell types to the extracellular environment both under physiological conditions and in presence of a disease. EVs are involved in many biological processes including intercellular communication, acting as natural carriers in the transfer of various biomolecules such as DNA, various RNA types, proteins and different phospholipids. Thanks to their transfer and targeting abilities, they can be employed in drug and gene delivery and have been proposed for the treatment of different diseases, including cancer. Recently, the use of EVs as biological carriers has also been extended to cancer immunotherapy. This new technique of cancer treatment involves the use of EVs to transport molecules capable of triggering an immune response to damage cancer cells. Several studies have analyzed the possibility of using EVs in new cancer vaccines, which represent a particular form of immunotherapy. In the literature there are only few publications that systematically group and collectively discuss these studies. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to illustrate and give a partial reorganization to what has been produced in the literature so far. We provide basic notions on cancer immunotherapy and describe some clinical trials in which therapeutic cancer vaccines are tested. We thus focus attention on the potential of EV-based therapeutic vaccines in the treatment of cancer patients, overviewing the clinically relevant trials, completed or still in progress, which open up new perspectives in the fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Giacobino
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy; (C.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Marta Canta
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy; (C.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Cristina Fornaguera
- Grup d’Enginyeria de Materials (Gemat), Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull (URL), Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (C.F.); (S.B.)
| | - Salvador Borrós
- Grup d’Enginyeria de Materials (Gemat), Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull (URL), Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (C.F.); (S.B.)
| | - Valentina Cauda
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy; (C.G.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Li J, Wang J, Xie D, Pei Q, Wan X, Xing H, Ye T. Characteristics of the PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK pathways involved in the maintenance of self-renewal in lung cancer stem-like cells. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:1191-1202. [PMID: 33867839 PMCID: PMC8040472 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.57871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide due to its early asymptomatic and late metastasis. While cancer stem cells (CSCs) may play a vital role in oncogenesis and development of lung cancer, mechanisms underlying CSCs self-renewal remain less clear. In the present study, we constructed a clinically relevant CSCs enrichment recognition model and evaluated the potential functions of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway (PI3K/AKT) and mitogen-activated protein kinases/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathways in lung cancer via bioinformatic analysis, providing the basis for in depth mechanistic inquisition. Experimentally, we confirmed that PI3K/AKT pathway predominantly promotes proliferation through anti-apoptosis in lung adenocarcinoma cells, while MAPK/ERK pathway has an overwhelming superiority in regulating the proliferation in lung CSCs. Further, utilizing stemness score model, LLC-Symmetric Division (LLC-SD) cells and mouse orthotopic lung transplantation model, we elucidated an intricate cross-talk between the oncogenic pathway and the stem cell reprograming pathway that impact stem cell characteristics as well as cancer biology features of lung CSCs both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, our findings uncovered a new insight that PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK pathways as oncogenic signaling pathway and/or stem cell signaling pathway act distinctively and synergistically to regulate lung CSCs self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianyu Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Pei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Wan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China
| | - H.Rosie Xing
- College of Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China
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9
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Liu C, Sheng M, Lin L, Li H, Guo S, Zhang J, Chen G, Chen H. NANOG regulates the proliferation of PCSCs via the TGF-β1/SMAD pathway. Open Med (Wars) 2020; 15:841-849. [PMID: 33336042 PMCID: PMC7712027 DOI: 10.1515/med-2020-0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In prostate cancer, castration resistance is a factor that frequently leads to death in individuals with this disease. Recent studies have suggested that prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) are pivotal regulators in the establishment of castration resistance. The nanog homeobox (NANOG) and the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic protein (SMAD) signaling pathways are involved in several cancer stem cells but are not involved in PCSCs. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of NANOG on the proliferation of PCSCs regulated by the TGF-β1/SMAD signaling pathway. Methods In this study, we used flow cytometry to isolate CD44+/CD133+/NANOG+ PCSCs from DU145 prostate cancer cells. Then we used short hairpin RNA to silence NANOG and observed the biological behavior and the TGF-β1/SMAD signal of PCSCs. Results NANOG decreased PCSC proliferation, increased apoptosis, and blocked cell cycling at G0/G1. Furthermore, reduction in the TGF-β1, p15, and p-SMAD2 expression was observed. Conclusion These findings suggest that NANOG positively regulates the growth of PCSCs through the TGF-β1/SMAD signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changming Liu
- The Department of Urology, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuan, Fujian 355000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxiong Sheng
- The Department of Urology, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuan, Fujian 355000, People's Republic of China
| | - Liheng Lin
- The Department of Urology, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuan, Fujian 355000, People's Republic of China
| | - Huizhang Li
- The Department of Urology, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuan, Fujian 355000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanming Guo
- The Department of Urology, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuan, Fujian 355000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiabin Zhang
- The Department of Urology, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuan, Fujian 355000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangbing Chen
- The Department of Urology, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuan, Fujian 355000, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihong Chen
- The Department of Urology, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuan, Fujian 355000, People's Republic of China
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10
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Giacomini A, Grillo E, Rezzola S, Ribatti D, Rusnati M, Ronca R, Presta M. The FGF/FGFR system in the physiopathology of the prostate gland. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:569-610. [PMID: 32730114 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00005.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a family of proteins possessing paracrine, autocrine, or endocrine functions in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, angiogenesis, tissue homeostasis, wound repair, and cancer. Canonical FGFs bind and activate tyrosine kinase FGF receptors (FGFRs), triggering intracellular signaling cascades that mediate their biological activity. Experimental evidence indicates that FGFs play a complex role in the physiopathology of the prostate gland that ranges from essential functions during embryonic development to modulation of neoplastic transformation. The use of ligand- and receptor-deleted mouse models has highlighted the requirement for FGF signaling in the normal development of the prostate gland. In adult prostate, the maintenance of a functional FGF/FGFR signaling axis is critical for organ homeostasis and function, as its disruption leads to prostate hyperplasia and may contribute to cancer progression and metastatic dissemination. Dissection of the molecular landscape modulated by the FGF family will facilitate ongoing translational efforts directed toward prostate cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Giacomini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Grillo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Rezzola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Rusnati
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Ronca
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Presta
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Hu J, Ishihara M, Chin AI, Wu L. Establishment of xenografts of urological cancers on chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) to study metastasis. PRECISION CLINICAL MEDICINE 2019; 2:140-151. [PMID: 31598385 PMCID: PMC6770283 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbz018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer of the urological system commonly occurs in the kidney, bladder, and prostate
gland. The clear cell subtype of renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) constitutes the great
majority of kidney cancer. Metastatic ccRCC portends a very poor outcome with no effective
treatment available. Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in males in the US. Despite
recent advances in selective kinase inhibitors and immunotherapies, the rate of developing
new treatment from bench to bedside is slow. A time-consuming step is at the animal drug
testing stage, in which the mouse model is the gold standard. In the pursuit to streamline
the in vivo cancer biology research and drug development, we explored the
feasibility of the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model to establish xenografts.
The CAM model greatly shortens the time of tumor growth and lowers the cost comparing to
immunocompromised mice. We generated CAM xenografts from ccRCC, bladder and prostate
cancer, with established cancer cell lines and freshly isolated patient-derived tissues,
either as primary tumor cells or small pieces of tumors. The successful CAM engraftment
rate from the different tumor sources is 70% or above. Using our previously established
metastatic ccRCC mouse model, we showed that the CAM xenograft maintains the same tumor
growth pattern and metastatic behavior as observed in mice. Taken together, CAM can serve
as a valuable platform to establish new patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) to study tumor
biology, thus accelerating the development of individualized treatment to halt the deadly
metastatic stage of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Hu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology
| | - Moe Ishihara
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology
| | - Arnold I Chin
- Department of Urology.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lily Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology.,Department of Urology.,Department of Pediatrics.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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