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Deng K, Wu M. Leucine-rich repeats containing 4 protein (LRRC4) in memory, psychoneurosis, and glioblastoma. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:4-12. [PMID: 36780420 PMCID: PMC10106153 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Leucine-rich repeats containing 4 ( LRRC4 , also named netrin-G ligand 2 [NGL-2]) is a member of the NetrinGs ligands (NGLs) family. As a gene with relatively high and specific expression in brain, it is a member of the leucine-rich repeat superfamily and has been proven to be a suppressor gene for gliomas, thus being involved in gliomagenesis. LRRC4 is the core of microRNA-dependent multi-phase regulatory loops that inhibit the proliferation and invasion of glioblastoma (GB) cells, including LRRC4/NGL2-activator protein 2 (AP2)-microRNA (miR) 182-LRRC4 and LRRC4-miR185-DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1)-LRRC4/specific protein 1 (SP1)-DNMT1-LRRC4. In this review, we demonstrated LRRC4 as a new member of the partitioning-defective protein (PAR) polarity complex that promotes axon differentiation, mediates the formation and plasticity of synapses, and assists information input to the hippocampus and storage of memory. As an important synapse regulator, aberrant expression of LRRC4 has been detected in autism, spinal injury and GBs. LRRC4 is a candidate susceptibility gene for autism and a neuro-protective factor in spinal nerve damage. In GBs, LRRC4 is a novel inhibitor of autophagy, and an inhibitor of protein-protein interactions involving in temozolomide resistance, tumor immune microenvironment, and formation of circular RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Deng
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Minghua Wu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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Huang P, Xu M, Han H, Zhao X, Li MD, Yang Z. Integrative Analysis of Epigenome and Transcriptome Data Reveals Aberrantly Methylated Promoters and Enhancers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:769390. [PMID: 34858848 PMCID: PMC8631276 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.769390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a key transcription regulator, whose aberration was ubiquitous and important in most cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) was conducted for comparison of DNA methylation in tumor and adjacent tissues from 33 HCC patients, accompanying RNA-seq to determine differentially methylated region-associated, differentially expressed genes (DMR-DEGs), which were independently replicated in the TCGA-LIHC cohort and experimentally validated via 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (5-azadC) demethylation. A total of 9,867,700 CpG sites showed significantly differential methylation in HCC. Integrations of mRNA-seq, histone ChIP-seq, and WGBS data identified 611 high-confidence DMR-DEGs. Enrichment analysis demonstrated activation of multiple molecular pathways related to cell cycle and DNA repair, accompanying repression of several critical metabolism pathways such as tyrosine and monocarboxylic acid metabolism. In TCGA-LIHC, we replicated about 53% of identified DMR-DEGs and highlighted the prognostic significance of combinations of methylation and expression of nine DMR-DEGs, which were more efficient prognostic biomarkers than considering either type of data alone. Finally, we validated 22/23 (95.7%) DMR-DEGs in 5-azadC-treated LO2 and/or HepG2 cells. In conclusion, integration of epigenome and transcriptome data depicted activation of multiple pivotal cell cycle-related pathways and repression of several metabolic pathways triggered by aberrant DNA methylation of promoters and enhancers in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengxiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haijun Han
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming D Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongli Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Feng J, Ren X, Fu H, Li D, Chen X, Zu X, Liu Q, Wu M. LRRC4 mediates the formation of circular RNA CD44 to inhibitGBM cell proliferation. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:473-487. [PMID: 34631278 PMCID: PMC8479294 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence reveals that dysregulation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) is involved in the development of glioblastoma. Leucine-rich repeat-containing 4 (LRRC4) has been shown to suppress tumors in glioblastoma. However, whether LRRC4 can regulate the formation of circRNA is not yet understood. In this study, LRRC4 was found to interact with SAM68. LRRC4 promoted the generation of circCD44 by inhibiting the binding between SAM68 and CD44 pre-mRNA. Moreover, downregulated expression of circCD44 was found in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tissues and GBM primary cells. Re-expression of circCD44 significantly suppressed the proliferation, colony formation, and invasion of GBM cells and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, circCD44 could regulate the expression of SMAD6 via sponging miR-326 and miR-330-5p involved in the progression of GBM. Thus, the LRRC4/SAM68/circCD44/miR-326/miR-330-5p/SMAD6 signaling axis could be a potential target for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Feng
- Cancer Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Xing Ren
- Cancer Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Haijuan Fu
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Di Li
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Xiguang Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xuyu Zu
- Cancer Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Corresponding author: Qing Liu, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
| | - Minghua Wu
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Corresponding author: Minghua Wu, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.
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Lu L, Ling W, Ruan Z. TAM-derived extracellular vesicles containing microRNA-29a-3p explain the deterioration of ovarian cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 25:468-482. [PMID: 34589270 PMCID: PMC8463289 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted from tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are known to generate an immune-suppressive environment conducive to the development of ovarian cancer (OC). We tried to elucidate the role of TAM-derived exosomal microRNA (miR)-29a-3p in OC. miR-29a-3p, forkhead box protein O3 (FOXO3), and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression was determined and their interactions evaluated. EVs were isolated, followed by determination of the uptake of EVs by OC cells, after which the proliferation and immune escape facilities of the OC cells were determined. OC xenograft models were constructed with EVs in correspondence with in vivo experiments. Overexpressed miR-29a-3p was detected in OC, and miR-29a-3p promoted OC cell proliferation and immune escape. EVs derived from TAMs enhanced the proliferation of OC cells. miR-29a-3p was enriched in TAM-EVs, and TAM-EVs delivered miR-29a-3p into OC cells. Downregulated FOXO3 was identified in OC, whereas miR-29a-3p targeted FOXO3 to suppress glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) activity via the serine/threonine protein kinase (AKT)/GSK3β pathway. Inhibition of TAM-derived exosomal miR-29a-3p decreased PD-L1 to inhibit OC progression through the FOXO3-AKT/GSK3β pathway in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, the current studies highlight the FOXO3-AKT/GSK3β pathway and the mechanism by which TAM-derived exosomal miR-29a-3p enhances the expression of PD-L1 to facilitate OC cell proliferation and immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai 200011, PRC China
| | - Wanwen Ling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai 200011, PRC China
| | - Zhengyi Ruan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai 200011, PRC China
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Yang X, Lei P, Huang L, Tang X, Wei B, Wei H. Prognostic value of LRRC4C in Colon and Gastric Cancers correlates with Tumour Microenvironment Immunity. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:1413-1427. [PMID: 33867855 PMCID: PMC8040466 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.58876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to use ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT computational methods to analyse transcriptional information on COAD and STAD in TCGA. We downloaded transcriptome RNA-seq data of 446 patients with colon cancer from TCGA and estimated the amount of immune and stromal components in the COAD samples using CIBERSORT algorithms. We analysed differentially expressed genes in 446 TCGA samples and 585 Series GSE39582 samples, in high- and low-scoring groups, using Cox regression. The expression of LRRC4C, correlated positively with clinicopathological characteristics and negatively with the survival of patients with COAD. Single-gene survival analysis using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2.0 and Kaplan-Meier plotter revealed an association between high levels of LRRC4C expression and poor prognosis in patients with colon and gastric cancers. Gene set enrichment analysis of COAD and STAD samples indicated that genes in groups expressing high and low LRRC4C levels were mainly enriched in immune-related activities and metabolic pathways, respectively. Difference and correlation analyses of the relationship between LRRC4C expression and tumour-infiltrating immune cells, determined using CIBERSORT algorithms, revealed that monocytes, resting mast cells, and M2 macrophages were positively correlated with LRRC4C expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoFeng Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Purun Lei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Lijun Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xiao Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - HongBo Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou 510630, China
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Kutova OM, Sencha LM, Pospelov AD, Dobrynina OE, Brilkina AA, Cherkasova EI, Balalaeva IV. Comparative Analysis of Cell-Cell Contact Abundance in Ovarian Carcinoma Cells Cultured in Two- and Three-Dimensional In Vitro Models. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9120446. [PMID: 33291824 PMCID: PMC7761996 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumor resistance to therapy is a crucial problem of today’s oncology. The emerging data indicate that tumor microenvironment is the key participant in the resistance development. One of the most basic aspect of tumor microenvironment is intercellular adhesion. Our data obtained using monolayer culture, matrix-free and matrix-based three-dimensional in vitro models indicate that the abundance of cell-cell contact proteins is varying depending on the microenvironment. These differences coincided with the degree of the resistance to therapeutics. The importance of adhesion proteins in tumor resistance may provide the fundamental basis for improving cancer treatment approaches and must be taken into account when screening candidate drugs. Abstract Tumor resistance to therapy is associated with the 3D organization and peculiarities of the tumor microenvironment, of which intercellular adhesion is a key participant. In this work, the abundance of contact proteins was compared in SKOV-3 and SKOV-3.ip human ovarian adenocarcinoma cell lines, cultivated in monolayers, tumor spheroids and collagen hydrogels. Three-dimensional models were characterized by extremely low expression of basic molecules of adherens junctions E-cadherin and demonstrated a simultaneous decrease in desmosomal protein desmoglein-2, gap junction protein connexin-43 and tight junction proteins occludin and ZO-1. The reduction in the level of contact proteins was most pronounced in collagen hydrogel, accompanied by significantly increased resistance to treatment with doxorubicin and targeted anticancer toxin DARPin-LoPE. Thus, we suggest that 3D models of ovarian cancer, especially matrix-based models, tend to recapitulate tumor microenvironment and treatment responsiveness to a greater extent than monolayer culture, so they can be used as a highly relevant platform for drug efficiency evaluation.
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