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Little MP, Bazyka D, de Gonzalez AB, Brenner AV, Chumak VV, Cullings HM, Daniels RD, French B, Grant E, Hamada N, Hauptmann M, Kendall GM, Laurier D, Lee C, Lee WJ, Linet MS, Mabuchi K, Morton LM, Muirhead CR, Preston DL, Rajaraman P, Richardson DB, Sakata R, Samet JM, Simon SL, Sugiyama H, Wakeford R, Zablotska LB. A Historical Survey of Key Epidemiological Studies of Ionizing Radiation Exposure. Radiat Res 2024; 202:432-487. [PMID: 39021204 PMCID: PMC11316622 DOI: 10.1667/rade-24-00021.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
In this article we review the history of key epidemiological studies of populations exposed to ionizing radiation. We highlight historical and recent findings regarding radiation-associated risks for incidence and mortality of cancer and non-cancer outcomes with emphasis on study design and methods of exposure assessment and dose estimation along with brief consideration of sources of bias for a few of the more important studies. We examine the findings from the epidemiological studies of the Japanese atomic bomb survivors, persons exposed to radiation for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes, those exposed to environmental sources including Chornobyl and other reactor accidents, and occupationally exposed cohorts. We also summarize results of pooled studies. These summaries are necessarily brief, but we provide references to more detailed information. We discuss possible future directions of study, to include assessment of susceptible populations, and possible new populations, data sources, study designs and methods of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P. Little
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-9778, USA
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Dimitry Bazyka
- National Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, 53 Melnikov Street, Kyiv 04050, Ukraine
| | | | - Alina V. Brenner
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan
| | - Vadim V. Chumak
- National Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, 53 Melnikov Street, Kyiv 04050, Ukraine
| | - Harry M. Cullings
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan
| | - Robert D. Daniels
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Benjamin French
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Eric Grant
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hamada
- Biology and Environmental Chemistry Division, Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), 1646 Abiko, Chiba 270-1194, Japan
| | - Michael Hauptmann
- Institute of Biostatistics and Registry Research, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Gerald M. Kendall
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Dominique Laurier
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Fontenay aux Roses France
| | - Choonsik Lee
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-9778, USA
| | - Won Jin Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Martha S. Linet
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-9778, USA
| | - Kiyohiko Mabuchi
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-9778, USA
| | - Lindsay M. Morton
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-9778, USA
| | | | | | - Preetha Rajaraman
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan
| | - David B. Richardson
- Environmental and Occupational Health, 653 East Peltason, University California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-3957 USA
| | - Ritsu Sakata
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan
| | - Jonathan M. Samet
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Steven L. Simon
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-9778, USA
| | - Hiromi Sugiyama
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan
| | - Richard Wakeford
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Manchester, Ellen Wilkinson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Lydia B. Zablotska
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16 Street, 2 floor, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Gregg KW, Ruff C, Koenig G, Penev KI, Shepard A, Kreissler G, Amatuzio M, Owens C, Nagpal P, Glide-Hurst CK. Development and first implementation of a novel multi-modality cardiac motion and dosimetry phantom for radiotherapy applications. Med Phys 2024. [PMID: 39042362 DOI: 10.1002/mp.17315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac applications in radiation therapy are rapidly expanding including magnetic resonance guided radiation therapy (MRgRT) for real-time gating for targeting and avoidance near the heart or treating ventricular tachycardia (VT). PURPOSE This work describes the development and implementation of a novel multi-modality and magnetic resonance (MR)-compatible cardiac phantom. METHODS The patient-informed 3D model was derived from manual contouring of a contrast-enhanced Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography scan, exported as a Stereolithography model, then post-processed to simulate female heart with an average volume. The model was 3D-printed using Elastic50A to provide MR contrast to water background. Two rigid acrylic modules containing cardiac structures were designed and assembled, retrofitting to an MR-safe programmable motor to supply cardiac and respiratory motion in superior-inferior directions. One module contained a cavity for an ion chamber (IC), and the other was equipped with multiple interchangeable cavities for plastic scintillation detectors (PSDs). Images were acquired on a 0.35 T MR-linac for validation of phantom geometry, motion, and simulated online treatment planning and delivery. Three motion profiles were prescribed: patient-derived cardiac (sine waveform, 4.3 mm peak-to-peak, 60 beats/min), respiratory (cos4 waveform, 30 mm peak-to-peak, 12 breaths/min), and a superposition of cardiac (sine waveform, 4 mm peak-to-peak, 70 beats/min) and respiratory (cos4 waveform, 24 mm peak-to-peak, 12 breaths/min). The amplitude of the motion profiles was evaluated from sagittal cine images at eight frames/s with a resolution of 2.4 mm × 2.4 mm. Gated dosimetry experiments were performed using the two module configurations for calculating dose relative to stationary. A CT-based VT treatment plan was delivered twice under cone-beam CT guidance and cumulative stationary doses to multi-point PSDs were evaluated. RESULTS No artifacts were observed on any images acquired during phantom operation. Phantom excursions measured 49.3 ± 25.8%/66.9 ± 14.0%, 97.0 ± 2.2%/96.4 ± 1.7%, and 90.4 ± 4.8%/89.3 ± 3.5% of prescription for cardiac, respiratory, and cardio-respiratory motion profiles for the 2-chamber (PSD) and 12-substructure (IC) phantom modules respectively. In the gated experiments, the cumulative dose was <2% from expected using the IC module. Real-time dose measured for the PSDs at 10 Hz acquisition rate demonstrated the ability to detect the dosimetric consequences of cardiac, respiratory, and cardio-respiratory motion when sampling of different locations during a single delivery, and the stability of our phantom dosimetric results over repeated cycles for the high dose and high gradient regions. For the VT delivery, high dose PSD was <1% from expected (5-6 cGy deviation of 5.9 Gy/fraction) and high gradient/low dose regions had deviations <3.6% (6.3 cGy less than expected 1.73 Gy/fraction). CONCLUSIONS A novel multi-modality modular heart phantom was designed, constructed, and used for gated radiotherapy experiments on a 0.35 T MR-linac. Our phantom was capable of mimicking cardiac, cardio-respiratory, and respiratory motion while performing dosimetric evaluations of gated procedures using IC and PSD configurations. Time-resolved PSDs with small sensitive volumes appear promising for low-amplitude/high-frequency motion and multi-point data acquisition for advanced dosimetric capabilities. Illustrating VT planning and delivery further expands our phantom to address the unmet needs of cardiac applications in radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth W Gregg
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Chase Ruff
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Grant Koenig
- Modus Medical Devices, Inc. (IBA QUASAR), London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kalin I Penev
- Modus Medical Devices, Inc. (IBA QUASAR), London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Shepard
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Grace Kreissler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Margo Amatuzio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Cameron Owens
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Prashant Nagpal
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Carri K Glide-Hurst
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Jahng JWS, Little MP, No HJ, Loo BW, Wu JC. Consequences of ionizing radiation exposure to the cardiovascular system. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024:10.1038/s41569-024-01056-4. [PMID: 38987578 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-024-01056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is widely used in various industrial and medical applications, resulting in increased exposure for certain populations. Lessons from radiation accidents and occupational exposure have highlighted the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risks associated with radiation exposure. In addition, radiation therapy for cancer has been linked to numerous cardiovascular complications, depending on the distribution of the dose by volume in the heart and other relevant target tissues in the circulatory system. The manifestation of symptoms is influenced by numerous factors, and distinct cardiac complications have previously been observed in different groups of patients with cancer undergoing radiation therapy. However, in contemporary radiation therapy, advances in treatment planning with conformal radiation delivery have markedly reduced the mean heart dose and volume of exposure, and these variables are therefore no longer sole surrogates for predicting the risk of specific types of heart disease. Nevertheless, certain cardiac substructures remain vulnerable to radiation exposure, necessitating close monitoring. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the consequences of radiation exposure on the cardiovascular system, drawing insights from various cohorts exposed to uniform, whole-body radiation or to partial-body irradiation, and identify potential risk modifiers in the development of radiation-associated cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W S Jahng
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Mark P Little
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Hyunsoo J No
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Billy W Loo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Greenstone Biosciences, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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Little MP, Boerma M, Bernier MO, Azizova TV, Zablotska LB, Einstein AJ, Hamada N. Effects of confounding and effect-modifying lifestyle, environmental and medical factors on risk of radiation-associated cardiovascular disease. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1601. [PMID: 38879521 PMCID: PMC11179258 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18701-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. It has been known for some considerable time that radiation is associated with excess risk of CVD. A recent systematic review of radiation and CVD highlighted substantial inter-study heterogeneity in effect, possibly a result of confounding or modifications of radiation effect by non-radiation factors, in particular by the major lifestyle/environmental/medical risk factors and latent period. METHODS We assessed effects of confounding by lifestyle/environmental/medical risk factors on radiation-associated CVD and investigated evidence for modifying effects of these variables on CVD radiation dose-response, using data assembled for a recent systematic review. RESULTS There are 43 epidemiologic studies which are informative on effects of adjustment for confounding or risk modifying factors on radiation-associated CVD. Of these 22 were studies of groups exposed to substantial doses of medical radiation for therapy or diagnosis. The remaining 21 studies were of groups exposed at much lower levels of dose and/or dose rate. Only four studies suggest substantial effects of adjustment for lifestyle/environmental/medical risk factors on radiation risk of CVD; however, there were also substantial uncertainties in the estimates in all of these studies. There are fewer suggestions of effects that modify the radiation dose response; only two studies, both at lower levels of dose, report the most serious level of modifying effect. CONCLUSIONS There are still large uncertainties about confounding factors or lifestyle/environmental/medical variables that may influence radiation-associated CVD, although indications are that there are not many studies in which there are substantial confounding effects of these risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Little
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Room 7E546, 9609 Medical Center Drive MSC 9778, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9778, USA.
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK.
| | - Marjan Boerma
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Marie-Odile Bernier
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire, Fontenay Aux Roses, France
| | - Tamara V Azizova
- Clinical Department, Southern Urals Biophysics Institute, Chelyabinsk Region, Ozyorskoe Shosse 19, Ozyorsk, 456780, Russia
| | - Lydia B Zablotska
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th St 2nd floor, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Andrew J Einstein
- Seymour, Paul, and Gloria Milstein Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Hamada
- Biology and Environmental Chemistry Division, Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), 1646 Abiko, Chiba 270-1194, Japan
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Berbée M, Muijs CT, Voncken FEM, Wee L, Sosef M, van Etten B, van Sandick JW, Warmerdam FARM, de Haan JJ, Oldehinkel E, van Dieren JM, Boersma L, Langendijk JA, van der Schaaf A, Reitsma JB, Schuit E. External validation of a lung cancer-based prediction model for two-year mortality in esophageal cancer patient cohorts. Radiother Oncol 2024; 190:109979. [PMID: 37949374 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.109979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE Chemo-radiotherapy can improve the oncological outcome of esophageal cancer (EC) patients, but may cause long term radiation-induced toxicity, including an increased risk of non-cancer related death. For lung cancer patients, a model to predict 2-year total mortality using mean heart dose (MHD) and gross tumor volume (GTV) has previously been developed and validated. This project aimed to externally validate this model in EC patients. METHODS Five EC patient cohorts from 3 different Dutch centres were used for model validation. External validity of the model was assessed separately in definitive (n = 170) and neo-adjuvant (n = 568) chemoradiotherapy (dCRT and nCRT) patients. External validity was assessed in terms of calibration by calibration plots, calibration-in-the-large (CITL) and calibration slope (CS), and discrimination by assessment of the c-statistic. If suboptimal model performance was observed, the model was further updated accordingly. RESULTS For the dCRT patients, good calibration was found after adjustment of the intercept (CITL 0.00; CS 1.08). The c-statistic of the adjusted model was 0.67 (95%CI: 0.58 to 0.75). For nCRT patients the model needed adjustment of both the slope and the intercept because of initial miscalibration in the validation population (CITL 0.00; CS 1.72). After recalibration, the model showed perfect calibration (i.e., CITL 0, CS 1), as is common after recalibration. The c-statistic of the recalibrated model equaled 0.62 (95%CI: 0.57 to 0.67). CONCLUSION The existing model for 2-year mortality prediction in lung cancer patients, based on the predictive factors MHD and GTV, showed good performance in EC patients after updating the intercept and/or slope of the original model.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Berbée
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - C T Muijs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - F E M Voncken
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L Wee
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - M Sosef
- Department of Surgery, Zuyderland Medisch Centrum, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands
| | - B van Etten
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - J W van Sandick
- Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - F A R M Warmerdam
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zuyderland Medisch Centrum, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands
| | - J J de Haan
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - E Oldehinkel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - J M van Dieren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L Boersma
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - J A Langendijk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - A van der Schaaf
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - J B Reitsma
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - E Schuit
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
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Walls GM, McCann C, Ball P, Atkins KM, Mak RH, Bedair A, O'Hare J, McAleese J, Harrison C, Tumelty KA, Crockett C, Black SL, Nelson C, O'Connor J, Hounsell AR, McGarry CK, Butterworth KT, Cole AJ, Jain S, Hanna GG. IA PULMONARY VEIN ATLAS FOR RADIOTHERAPY PLANNING. Radiother Oncol 2023; 184:109680. [PMID: 37105303 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.109680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cardiac arrhythmia is a recognised potential complication of thoracic radiotherapy, but the responsible cardiac substructures for arrhythmogenesis have not been identified. Arrhythmogenic tissue is commonly located in the pulmonary veins (PVs) of cardiology patients with arrhythmia, however these structures are not currently considered organs-at-risk during radiotherapy planning. A standardised approach to their delineation was developed and evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The gross and radiological anatomy relevant to atrial fibrillation was derived from cardiology and radiology literature by a multidisciplinary team. A region of interest and contouring instructions for radiotherapy computed tomography scans were iteratively developed and subsequently evaluated. Radiation oncologists (n=5) and radiation technologists (n=2) contoured the PVs on the four-dimensional planning datasets of five patients with locally advanced lung cancer treated with 1.8-2.75 Gy fractions. Contours were compared to reference contours agreed by the researchers using geometric and dosimetric parameters. RESULTS The mean dose to the PVs was 35% prescription dose. Geometric and dosimetric similarity of the observer contours with reference contours was fair, with an overall mean Dice of 0.80 ± 0.02. The right superior PV (mean DSC 0.83 ± 0.02) had better overlap than the left (mean DSC 0.80 ± 0.03), but the inferior PVs were equivalent (mean DSC of 0.78). The mean difference in mean dose was 0.79 Gy ± 0.71 (1.46% ± 1.25). CONCLUSION A PV atlas with multidisciplinary approval led to reproducible delineation for radiotherapy planning, supporting the utility of the atlas in future clinical radiotherapy cardiotoxicity research encompassing arrhythmia endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard M Walls
- Cancer Centre Belfast City Hospital, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland; Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Conor McCann
- Department of Cardiology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Peter Ball
- Department of Radiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, 274 Grosvenor Rd, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Katelyn M Atkins
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Raymond H Mak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ahmed Bedair
- North West Cancer Centre, ltnagelvin Hospital, Glenshane Road, Derry, Northern Ireland
| | - Jolyne O'Hare
- Cancer Centre Belfast City Hospital, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Jonathan McAleese
- Cancer Centre Belfast City Hospital, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Claire Harrison
- Cancer Centre Belfast City Hospital, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Karen A Tumelty
- Cancer Centre Belfast City Hospital, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Cathryn Crockett
- Cancer Centre Belfast City Hospital, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Sarah-Louise Black
- Cancer Centre Belfast City Hospital, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Catherine Nelson
- Cancer Centre Belfast City Hospital, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - John O'Connor
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Alan R Hounsell
- Cancer Centre Belfast City Hospital, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland; Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Conor K McGarry
- Cancer Centre Belfast City Hospital, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland; Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Karl T Butterworth
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Aidan J Cole
- Cancer Centre Belfast City Hospital, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland; Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Suneil Jain
- Cancer Centre Belfast City Hospital, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland; Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Gerard G Hanna
- Cancer Centre Belfast City Hospital, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland; Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
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7
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Cai G, Li C, Li J, Yang J, Li C, Sun L, Li J, Yu J, Meng X. Cardiac Substructures Dosimetric Predictors for Cardiac Toxicity After Definitive Radiotherapy in Esophageal Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 115:366-381. [PMID: 35973623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the predictive value of the cardiac substructures (CSs) dosimetric parameters for cardiac toxicity after definitive radiation therapy in locally advanced esophageal cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS Between August 2010 and January 2016, 716 patients with stage 2-3 esophageal cancer receiving definitive radiation therapy at 2 institutions were divided into training (n = 432) and external validation (n = 284) cohorts. Dose-volume histogram parameters for the whole heart (WH) and CSs were extracted. Competing risks and Cox regressions analyses were performed. The predictive performance of the models was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and the Brier score. RESULTS With a median follow-up of 93 months, 68 patients (15.7%) developed grade ≥3 cardiac events (G3+ CEs), with a median of 13.5 months to the first event. Multivariable analysis showed left ventricle, left anterior descending (LAD), and mean left circumflex (LCX) variables were significantly associated with G3+ CEs. The AUCs and Brier scores demonstrated favorable predictive accuracies of the models integrating these CS variables when predicting G3+ CEs in the training and validation cohorts. However, compared with the WH variables, the CS variables did not significantly improve the prediction of G3+ CEs. Nevertheless, when G3+ acute coronary syndrome and/or congestive heart failure (ACS/CHF) CE was the outcome of interest, models based on the LAD or LCX variables were superior to the WH variable models in training and validation cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Models based on CS variables showed favorable predictive accuracy for G3+ CEs. The LAD and LCX variables significantly improved the prediction of G3+ ACS/CHF events compared with the WH variables. Radiation doses to CSs, such as LCX and LAD, should be monitored to help reduce the occurrence of significant CEs in patients with esophageal cancer undergoing definitive radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxin Cai
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanbao Li
- Department of Emergency, Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jisheng Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chengming Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Liangchao Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianing Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xue Meng
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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8
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Thijssen SV, Boersma LJ, Heising L, Swart RR, X J Ou C, Roumen C, J G Jacobs M. Clues to address barriers for access to proton therapy in the Netherlands. Radiother Oncol 2023; 178:109432. [PMID: 36464178 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2022.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The Netherlands has National Indication Protocols on proton therapy (PT) to select patients who benefit most from PT. However, referrals to proton therapy centres (PTCs) are lagging. The objective of this research is to identify the barriers for access to PT and to design interventions to address these barriers. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a nationwide survey among radiation oncologists (ROs), and semi- structured in-depth interviews with ROs and patients. Subsequently, four workshops were held, in which ROs from one PTC and ROs from referring hospitals participated. The workshops were based on design-thinking research, where ideas were co-created on a multidisciplinary basis to encourage joint problem ownership. Kruskal Wallis and X2 tests were used to analyze data. RESULTS The most prominent barriers mentioned by ROs were patient selection, poor logistics, and logistical worries about the combination of radiation treatment with chemotherapy. Patients pointed out the inefficient coordination between organisations, poor communication, travel issues and discomfort during treatment. Clues to increase referrals revealed the need for additional tools for patient selection and innovative ways to improve logistics. A case manager was identified as beneficial to the patients' journey as part of a multidisciplinary approach. Such an approach should include the active involvement of medical oncologists, surgeons and pulmonologists. CONCLUSION Barriers for access to PT were identified and prioritized in the inter-organisational care- pathway of proton therapy patients in The Netherlands. Innovative solutions were co- designed to solve the barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salina V Thijssen
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth J Boersma
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Luca Heising
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Tilburg School of Economics and Management, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Rachelle R Swart
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Carol X J Ou
- Tilburg School of Economics and Management, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Cheryl Roumen
- Department of Health Services Research, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Maria J G Jacobs
- Tilburg School of Economics and Management, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Maastro, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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9
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Baseline cardiac risk profile determines radiation-induced cardiac toxicity in patients with mid-lower esophageal cancer. JOURNAL OF RADIOTHERAPY IN PRACTICE 2023. [DOI: 10.1017/s146039692200036x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
The radiotherapy techniques are evolving. Besides optimal tumour coverage, considering organs at risk (OAR) is pertinent to radiation oncologists. In mid-lower esophageal cancer (MLEC) radiotherapy, heart is the main OAR. Studies on excess absolute risk (EAR) of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in MLEC radiotherapy are limited in the main literature. Therefore, this study was conducted to estimate the EAR of CVD in patients with MLEC treated with the intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) technique.
Results:
Family history of heart disease and smoking increased the EAR of CVD significantly compared to the cholesterol and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. The 10-year EAR of the high-risk group was more than four times of the low-risk group at all ages. In the low-risk group, EAR of CVD after radiotherapy of esophageal cancer can increase by up to 9·1%, while in the high-risk group, EAR increased by 34·89%.
Conclusions:
Adding the baseline CVD risk factors improved the estimation of EAR of heart disease after MLEC radiotherapy with the IMRT technique.
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Draguet C, Barragán-Montero AM, Vera MC, Thomas M, Populaire P, Defraene G, Haustermans K, Lee JA, Sterpin E. Automated clinical decision support system with deep learning dose prediction and NTCP models to evaluate treatment complications in patients with esophageal cancer. Radiother Oncol 2022; 176:101-107. [PMID: 36167194 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2022.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This study aims to investigate how accurate our deep learning (DL) dose prediction models for intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and pencil beam scanning (PBS) treatments, when chained with normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models, are at identifying esophageal cancer patients who are at high risk of toxicity and should be switched to proton therapy (PT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Two U-Net were created, for photon (XT) and proton (PT) plans, respectively. To estimate the dose distribution for each patient, they were trained on a database of 40 uniformly planned patients using cross validation and a circulating test set. These models were combined with a NTCP model for postoperative pulmonary complications. The NTCP model used the mean lung dose, age, histology type, and body mass index as predicting variables. The treatment choice is then done by using a ΔNTCP threshold between XT and PT plans. Patients with ΔNTCP ≥ 10% were referred to PT. RESULTS Our DL models succeed in predicting dose distributions with a mean error on the mean dose to the lungs (MLD) of 1.14 ± 0.93% for XT and 0.66 ± 0.48% for PT. The complete automated workflow (DL chained with NTCP) achieved 100% accuracy in patient referral. The average residual (ΔNTCP ground truth - ΔNTCP predicted) is 1.43 ± 1.49%. CONCLUSION This study evaluates our DL dose prediction models in a broader patient referral context and demonstrates their ability to support clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Draguet
- UCLouvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Molecular Imaging Radiotherapy and Oncology (MIRO), Brussels, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ana M Barragán-Montero
- UCLouvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Molecular Imaging Radiotherapy and Oncology (MIRO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Macarena Chocan Vera
- UCLouvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Molecular Imaging Radiotherapy and Oncology (MIRO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Melissa Thomas
- KU Leuven, Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Leuven, Belgium; University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Radiation Oncology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Populaire
- KU Leuven, Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Leuven, Belgium; University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Radiation Oncology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gilles Defraene
- KU Leuven, Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karin Haustermans
- KU Leuven, Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Leuven, Belgium; University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Radiation Oncology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - John A Lee
- UCLouvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Molecular Imaging Radiotherapy and Oncology (MIRO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Edmond Sterpin
- UCLouvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Molecular Imaging Radiotherapy and Oncology (MIRO), Brussels, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
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11
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Cui Y, Pan Y, Li Z, Wu Q, Zou J, Han D, Yin Y, Ma C. Dosimetric analysis and biological evaluation between proton radiotherapy and photon radiotherapy for the long target of total esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:954187. [PMID: 36263217 PMCID: PMC9574336 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.954187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study is to compare the dosimetric and biological evaluation differences between photon and proton radiation therapy. Methods Thirty esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients were generated for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) planning and intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) planning to compare with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) planning. According to dose–volume histogram (DVH), dose–volume parameters of the plan target volume (PTV) and homogeneity index (HI), conformity index (CI), and gradient index (GI) were used to analyze the differences between the various plans. For the organs at risk (OARS), dosimetric parameters were compared. Tumor control probability (TCP) and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) was also used to evaluate the biological effectiveness of different plannings. Results CI, HI, and GI of IMPT planning were significantly superior in the three types of planning (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). Compared to IMRT and VMAT planning, IMPT planning improved the TCP (p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively). As for OARs, IMPT reduced the bilateral lung and heart accepted irradiation dose and volume. The dosimetric parameters, such as mean lung dose (MLD), mean heart dose (MHD), V5, V10, and V20, were significantly lower than IMRT or VMAT. IMPT afforded a lower maximum dose (Dmax) of the spinal cord than the other two-photon plans. What’s more, the radiation pneumonia of the left lung, which was caused by IMPT, was lower than IMRT and VMAT. IMPT achieved the pericarditis probability of heart is only 1.73% ± 0.24%. For spinal cord myelitis necrosis, there was no significant difference between the three different technologies. Conclusion Proton radiotherapy is an effective technology to relieve esophageal cancer, which could improve the TCP and spare the heart, lungs, and spinal cord. Our study provides a prediction of radiotherapy outcomes and further guides the individual treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Cui
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yuteng Pan
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jingmin Zou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Dali Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Yin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Yin, ; Changsheng Ma,
| | - Changsheng Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Yin, ; Changsheng Ma,
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Abravan A, Price G, Banfill K, Marchant T, Craddock M, Wood J, Aznar MC, McWilliam A, van Herk M, Faivre-Finn C. Role of Real-World Data in Assessing Cardiac Toxicity After Lung Cancer Radiotherapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:934369. [PMID: 35928875 PMCID: PMC9344971 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.934369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) is a recent concern in patients with lung cancer after being treated with radiotherapy. Most of information we have in the field of cardiac toxicity comes from studies utilizing real-world data (RWD) as randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are generally not practical in this field. This article is a narrative review of the literature using RWD to study RIHD in patients with lung cancer following radiotherapy, summarizing heart dosimetric factors associated with outcome, strength, and limitations of the RWD studies, and how RWD can be used to assess a change to cardiac dose constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Abravan
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiotherapy Related Research, The Christie National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Price
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiotherapy Related Research, The Christie National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn Banfill
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Marchant
- Department of Radiotherapy Related Research, The Christie National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Craddock
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiotherapy Related Research, The Christie National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Wood
- Christie Medical Physics and Engineering, The Christie National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Marianne C. Aznar
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiotherapy Related Research, The Christie National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alan McWilliam
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiotherapy Related Research, The Christie National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Marcel van Herk
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiotherapy Related Research, The Christie National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Corinne Faivre-Finn
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiotherapy Related Research, The Christie National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
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13
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Impact of Blood Parameters and Normal Tissue Dose on Treatment Outcome in Esophageal Cancer Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Radiochemotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143504. [PMID: 35884564 PMCID: PMC9320742 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite technological advances, normal tissue sparing in photon beam irradiation is still challenging. Since in esophageal cancer this may inflict damage on the lungs, heart and bone marrow, possibly impacting on outcome, the aim of this study was to investigate the association of normal tissue dose and blood parameters on the survival of patients having undergone neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (RCTx) followed by surgery. This retrospective study included 125 patients irradiated to 40−41.4 Gy with photons or protons combined with concurrent chemotherapy. On initial and restaging 18F-FDG-PET/CT, the lungs and heart were contoured as organs at risk for which standardized uptake values (SUV) were evaluated. The mean radiation dose (Dmean) to the lungs and heart, the volume of the lungs receiving at least 20 Gy (V20Gy_lung) and various pre- and per-treatment blood parameters were included in the Cox regression analyses. Results: The median follow-up time was 19.8 months and median overall survival 37 months (95% confidence interval: 16−58.9 months). In multivariate analysis, higher radiation doses to the lungs and heart were statistically significantly associated with decreased overall survival (Dmean_lung: p < 0.001; V20Gy_lung: p < 0.002; Dmean_heart: p = 0.005). Neither the 18F-FDG-PET nor blood parameters were predictive for overall survival. In patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer treated with RCTx, the radiation dose to the heart and lungs was significantly associated with overall survival.
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14
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de Groot C, Beukema JC, Langendijk JA, van der Laan HP, van Luijk P, van Melle JP, Muijs CT, Prakken NHJ. Radiation-Induced Myocardial Fibrosis in Long-Term Esophageal Cancer Survivors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021; 110:1013-1021. [PMID: 33577960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation-induced cardiac toxicity is a potential lethal complication. The aim of this study was to assess whether there is a dose-dependent relationship between radiation dose and myocardial fibrosis in patients who received neoadjuvant chemoradiation (nCRT) for esophageal cancer (EC). METHODS AND MATERIALS Forty patients with EC treated with a transthoracic esophagectomy with (n = 20) or without (n = 20) nCRT (CROSS study regimen) were included. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (1.5 Tesla) for left ventricular (LV) function, late gadolinium enhancement, and T1 mapping were performed. Extracellular volume (ECV), as a surrogate for collagen burden, was measured for all LV segments separately. The dose-response relationship between ECV and mean radiation dose per LV myocardial segment was evaluated using a mixed-model analysis. RESULTS Seventeen nCRT and 16 control patients were suitable for analysis. The mean time after treatment was 67.6 ± 8.1 (nCRT) and 122 ± 35 (controls) months (P = .02). In nCRT patients, we found a significantly higher mean global ECV of 28.2% compared with 24.0% in the controls (P < .001). After nCRT, LV myocardial segments with elevated ECV had received significantly higher radiation doses. In addition, a linear dose-effect relation was found with a 0.136% point increase of ECV for each Gy (P < .001). There were no differences in LV function measures and late gadolinium enhancement between both groups. CONCLUSIONS Myocardial ECV was significantly higher in long-term EC survivors after nCRT compared with surgery only. Moreover, this ECV increase was linear with the radiation dose per LV segment, indicating radiation-induced myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal de Groot
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center, Groningen, Netherlands.
| | - Jannet C Beukema
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Peter van Luijk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Joost P van Melle
- Department of Cardialogy, University Medical Center, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Christina T Muijs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Niek H J Prakken
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center, Groningen, Netherlands
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Ono T, Wada H, Ishikawa H, Tamamura H, Tokumaru S. Proton beam therapy is a safe and effective treatment in elderly patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:2170-2177. [PMID: 32510875 PMCID: PMC7396394 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are many elderly patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, there are currently few articles regarding the clinical outcome following proton beam therapy in these patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical results of proton beam therapy in elderly patients with ESCC. Methods Between January 2009 and December 2013, patients aged ≥75 years who underwent proton beam therapy were examined using multi‐institutional data from Japan. Results There were 38 inoperable patients (70.4%) and 16 operable patients (29.6%). More than 40% of patients had stage III/IV ESCC. The five‐year overall and cancer‐specific survival rates were 56.2% and 71.7%, respectively. Performance status was the only factor that significantly influenced overall survival during the multivariate analysis. The five‐year local control rate was 61.8%, and local recurrence occurred within 13 months in 82.4% of patients,. There was no grade 3 or higher toxicity, excluding three patients with grade 3 esophageal ulcers. Conclusions In conclusion, proton beam therapy may become an alternative treatment with lower toxicity in elderly patients with ESCC, compared to surgery or conventional X‐ray radiotherapy. This includes inoperable patients. Key points Significant findings of the study Proton beam therapy was a safe and effective treatment for elderly patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) including inoperable patients. What this study adds Proton beam therapy may be a safer treatment choice for elderly patients with ESCC compared to conventional X‐ray radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ono
- Department of Radiation Oncology, QST Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Wada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Southern Tohoku Proton Therapy Center, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ishikawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Tamamura
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Proton Therapy Center, Fukui Prefectural Hospital, Fukui-ken, Japan
| | - Sunao Tokumaru
- Department of Radiology, Hyogo Ion Beam Medical Center, Tatsuno City, Japan
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