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Yang L, Shao Y, Gao T, Bajinka O, Yuan X. Current advances in cancer energy metabolism under dietary restriction: a mini review. Med Oncol 2024; 41:209. [PMID: 39060824 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02452-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The manipulation of the energy or source of food for cancer cells has attracted significant attention in oncology research. Metabolic reprogramming of the immune system allows for a deeper understanding of cancer cell mechanisms, thereby impeding their progression. A more targeted approach is the restriction of cancer cells through dietary restriction (CR), which deprives cancer cells of the preferred energy sources within the tumor microenvironment, thereby enhancing immune cell efficacy. Although there is a plethora of CR strategies that can be employed to impede cancer progression, there is currently no comprehensive review that delineates the specific dietary restrictions that target the diverse metabolic pathways of cancer cells. This mini-review introduces amino acids as anti-cancer agents and discusses the role of dietary interventions in cancer prevention and treatment. It highlights the potential of a ketogenic diet as a therapeutic approach for cancer, elucidating its distinct mechanisms of action in tumor progression. Additionally, the potential of plant-based diets as anti-cancer agents and the role of polyphenols and vitamins in anti-cancer therapy were also discussed, along with some prospective interventions for CR as anti-tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuxin Yang
- First Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24 Heping Street, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yudian Shao
- Second Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24 Heping Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 33 Xidazhi Street, Harbin, 150006, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ousman Bajinka
- School of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of The Gambia, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Xingxing Yuan
- First Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24 Heping Street, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 33 Xidazhi Street, Harbin, 150006, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Mojanaga OO, Acharya KR, Lloyd MD. Recombinant protein production for structural and kinetic studies: A case study using M. tuberculosis α-methylacyl-CoA racemase (MCR). Methods Enzymol 2023; 690:1-37. [PMID: 37858526 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Modern drug discovery is a target-driven approach in which a particular protein such as an enzyme is implicated in the disease process. Commonly, small-molecule drugs are identified using screening, rational design, and structural biology approaches. Drug screening, testing and optimization is typically conducted in vitro, and copious amounts of protein are required. The advent of recombinant DNA technologies has resulted in a rise in proteins purified by affinity techniques, typically by incorporating an "affinity tag" at the N- or C-terminus. Use of these tagged proteins and affinity techniques comes with a host of issues. This chapter describes the production of an untagged enzyme, α-methylacyl-CoA racemase (MCR) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, using a recombinant E. coli system. Purification of the enzyme on a 100 mg scale using tandem anion-exchange chromatographies (DEAE-sepharose and RESOURCE-Q columns), and size-exclusion chromatographies is described. A modified protocol allowing the purification of cationic proteins is also described, based on tandem cation-exchange chromatographies (using CM-sepharose and RESOURCE-S columns) and size-exclusion chromatographies. The resulting MCR protein is suitable for biochemical and structural biology applications. The described protocols have wide applicability to the purification of other recombinant proteins and enzymes without using affinity chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otsile O Mojanaga
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - K Ravi Acharya
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, United Kingdom.
| | - Matthew D Lloyd
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, United Kingdom.
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3
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Wei J, Zhang H, Ma X, Li Y, Zhou W, Guo J, Jin T, Hu M. Effect of OR51E1 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms on Glioma Susceptibility in the Chinese Han Population. Gene 2023; 875:147489. [PMID: 37207826 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma is one of the common primary intracranial tumors, which is heterogeneous among individuals with a low cure rate. Our study aimed to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the OR51E1 gene and glioma susceptibility in the Chinese Han population. METHODS A total of six SNPs on OR51E1 in 1,026 subjects (526 cases and 500 controls) were genotyped by MassARRAY iPLEX GOLD assay. The association between these SNPs and glioma susceptibility was analyzed using logistic regression, and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were also calculated. The multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method was applied to detect "SNP-SNP" interactions. RESULTS In the overall sample, polymorphisms rs10768148, rs7102992, and rs10500608 were identified to be associated with glioma risk. In the stratified analysis based on gender, only polymorphism rs10768148 was observed to be associated with the risk of glioma. In the age-stratified analysis, rs7102992, rs74052483, and rs10500609 contributed to the risk of glioma in subjects aged > 40 years. And polymorphisms rs10768148 and rs7102992 were associated with the risk of glioma in subjects aged ≤ 40 years and subjects with astrocytoma. In addition, a strong synergistic relationship between rs74052483 and rs10768148, and a strong redundant relationship between rs7102992 and rs10768148 were identified in the study. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the association of OR51E1 polymorphisms with glioma susceptibility, providing a basis for assessing glioma risk-associated variants in the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wei
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xiaoya Ma
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yujie Li
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Wenqian Zhou
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jinping Guo
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Tianbo Jin
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Mingjun Hu
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Xi'an Changan District Hospital, Xi'an 710199, China.
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4
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Aina T, Salifu AA, Kizhakkepura S, Danyuo Y, Obayemi JD, Oparah JC, Ezenwafor TC, Onwudiwe KC, Ani CJ, Biswas SS, Onyekanne C, Odusanya OS, Madukwe J, Soboyejo WO. Sustained release of alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) antibody-conjugated and free doxorubicin from silica nanoparticles for prostate cancer cell growth inhibition. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023; 111:665-683. [PMID: 36314600 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This article presents silica nanoparticles for the sustained release of AMACR antibody-conjugated and free doxorubicin (DOX) for the inhibition of prostate cancer cell growth. Inorganic MCM-41 silica nanoparticles were synthesized, functionalized with phenylboronic acid groups (MCM-B), and capped with dextran (MCM-B-D). The nanoparticles were then characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, zeta potential analysis, nitrogen sorption, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis, before exploring their potential for drug loading and controlled drug release. This was done using a model prostate cancer drug, DOX, and a targeted prostate cancer drug, α-Methyl Acyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) antibody-conjugated DOX, which attaches specifically to AMACR proteins that are overexpressed on the surfaces of prostate cancer cells. The kinetics of sustained drug release over 30 days was then studied using zeroth order, first order, second order, Higuchi, and the Korsmeyer-Peppas models, while the thermodynamics of drug release was elucidated by determining the entropy and enthalpy changes. The flux of the released DOX was also simulated using the COMSOL Multiphysics software package. Generally, the AMACR antibody-conjugated DOX drug-loaded nanoparticles were more effective than the free DOX drug-loaded formulations in inhibiting the growth of prostate cancer cells in vitro over a 96 h period. The implications of the results are then discussed for the development of drug-eluting structures for the localized and targeted treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyin Aina
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and Technology, Abuja, Nigeria.,Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Life Sciences and Bioengineering Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ali A Salifu
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Life Sciences and Bioengineering Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sonu Kizhakkepura
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit (CPMU), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur, Bengaluru, India
| | - Yiporo Danyuo
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ashesi University, Accra, Ghana
| | - John D Obayemi
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Life Sciences and Bioengineering Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Josephine C Oparah
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and Technology, Abuja, Nigeria.,Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Life Sciences and Bioengineering Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Theresa C Ezenwafor
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and Technology, Abuja, Nigeria.,Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Killian C Onwudiwe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and Technology, Abuja, Nigeria.,Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Life Sciences and Bioengineering Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chukwuemeka J Ani
- Department of Civil Engineering, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Suchi S Biswas
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit (CPMU), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur, Bengaluru, India
| | - Chinyerem Onyekanne
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and Technology, Abuja, Nigeria.,Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Life Sciences and Bioengineering Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Olushola S Odusanya
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Advanced Laboratory, Sheda Science and Technology Complex (SHESTCO), Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Jonathan Madukwe
- Department of Histopathology, National Hospital Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Winston O Soboyejo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and Technology, Abuja, Nigeria.,Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Life Sciences and Bioengineering Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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5
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Jin X, Ji J, Niu D, Yang Y, Tao S, Wan L, Xu B, Chen S, Wang F, Chen M. Urine Exosomal AMACR Is a Novel Biomarker for Prostate Cancer Detection at Initial Biopsy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:904315. [PMID: 35795046 PMCID: PMC9251007 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.904315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study is to identify and validate urine exosomal AMACR (UE-A) as a novel biomarker to improve the detection of prostate cancer (PCa) and clinically significant PCa (Gleason score ≥ 7) at initial prostate biopsy. Methods A total of 289 first-catch urine samples after the digital rectal exam (DRE) were collected from patients who underwent prostatic biopsy, and 17 patients were excluded due to incomplete clinical information. Urine exosomes were purified, and urinary exosomal AMACR (UE-A) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The diagnostic performance of UE-A was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, decision curve analysis (DCA), and waterfall plots. Results The expression of AMACR in PCa and csPCa was significantly higher than that in BPH and non-aggressive (p < 0.001). The UE-A presented good performance in distinguishing PCa from BPH or BPH plus non-significant PCa (nsPCa) from csPCa with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.832 and 0.78, respectively. The performance of UE-A was further validated in a multi-center cohort of patients with an AUC of 0.800 for detecting PCa and 0.749 for detecting csPCa. The clinical utility assessed by DCA showed that the benefit of patients using UE-A was superior to PSA, f/t PSA, and PSAD in both the training cohort and the validation cohort in terms of all threshold probabilities. Setting 95% sensitivity as the cutoff value, UE-A could avoid 27.57% of unnecessary biopsies, with only 4 (1.47%) csPCa patients missed. Conclusions We demonstrated the great performance of UE-A for the early diagnosis of PCa and csPCa. UE-A could be a novel non-invasive diagnostic biomarker to improve the detection of PCa and csPCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Department of Urology, Taizhou People’s Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Jin Ji
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Decao Niu
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchen Yang
- Nursing Department, Naval Hospital of Eastern Theater Command of People's Liberation Army of China (PLA), Zhoushan, China
| | - Shuchun Tao
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Lilin Wan
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuqiu Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Fubo Wang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Fubo Wang, ; Ming Chen,
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Fubo Wang, ; Ming Chen,
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Geibel C, Zhang L, Serafimov K, Gross H, Lämmerhofer M. Towards enantioselective ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics of branched‐chain fatty acids and
anteiso
‐fatty acids under reversed‐phase conditions using sub‐2‐μm amylose‐ and cellulose‐derived chiral stationary phases. Chirality 2022; 34:484-497. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.23413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Geibel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio‐)Analysis University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio‐)Analysis University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Kristian Serafimov
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio‐)Analysis University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Harald Gross
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Biology University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio‐)Analysis University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
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Lloyd MD, Yevglevskis M, Nathubhai A, James TD, Threadgill MD, Woodman TJ. Racemases and epimerases operating through a 1,1-proton transfer mechanism: reactivity, mechanism and inhibition. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:5952-5984. [PMID: 34027955 PMCID: PMC8142540 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00540a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Racemases and epimerases catalyse changes in the stereochemical configurations of chiral centres and are of interest as model enzymes and as biotechnological tools. They also occupy pivotal positions within metabolic pathways and, hence, many of them are important drug targets. This review summarises the catalytic mechanisms of PLP-dependent, enolase family and cofactor-independent racemases and epimerases operating by a deprotonation/reprotonation (1,1-proton transfer) mechanism and methods for measuring their catalytic activity. Strategies for inhibiting these enzymes are reviewed, as are specific examples of inhibitors. Rational design of inhibitors based on substrates has been extensively explored but there is considerable scope for development of transition-state mimics and covalent inhibitors and for the identification of inhibitors by high-throughput, fragment and virtual screening approaches. The increasing availability of enzyme structures obtained using X-ray crystallography will facilitate development of inhibitors by rational design and fragment screening, whilst protein models will facilitate development of transition-state mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Lloyd
- Drug & Target Discovery, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Maksims Yevglevskis
- Drug & Target Discovery, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK. and CatSci Ltd., CBTC2, Capital Business Park, Wentloog, Cardiff CF3 2PX, UK
| | - Amit Nathubhai
- Drug & Target Discovery, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK. and University of Sunderland, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sciences Complex, Sunderland SR1 3SD, UK
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael D Threadgill
- Drug & Target Discovery, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK. and Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3BY, UK
| | - Timothy J Woodman
- Drug & Target Discovery, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
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Zheng Y, Luo Y, Chen X, Li H, Huang B, Zhou B, Zhu L, Kang X, Geng W. The role of mRNA in the development, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of neural tumors. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:49. [PMID: 33673851 PMCID: PMC7934508 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01341-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural tumors can generally be divided into central nervous system tumors and peripheral nervous tumors. Because this type of tumor is located in the nerve, even benign tumors are often difficult to remove by surgery. In addition, the majority of neural tumors are malignant, and it is particular the same for the central nervous system tumors. Even treated with the means such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, they are also difficult to completely cure. In recent years, an increasingly number of studies have focused on the use of mRNA to treat tumors, representing an emerging gene therapy. The use of mRNA can use the expression of some functional proteins for the treatment of genetic disorders or tissue repair, and it can also be applied to immunotherapy through the expression of antigens, antibodies or receptors. Therefore, although these therapies are not fully-fledged enough, they have a broad research prospect. In addition, there are many ways to treat tumors using mRNA vaccines and exosomes carrying mRNA, which have drawn much attention. In this study, we reviewed the current research on the role of mRNA in the development, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of neural tumors, and examine the future research prospects of mRNA in neural tumors and the opportunities and challenges that will arise in the future application of clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People's Republic of China.,School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xixi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiting Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Baojun Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Baofeng Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqing Zhu
- Department of clinical laboratory, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xianhui Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Wujun Geng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People's Republic of China.
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