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Wang Y, Li R, Yuan R, Wang L, Qiao Q, Han Z, Li Q, Li Y, Guo Y, Guo C. Dehydroepiandrosterone attenuated the immune escape of oral squamous cell carcinoma through NF-κB p65/miR-15b-5p/B7-H4 axis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112480. [PMID: 38885603 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to explore the effects and mechanisms of action of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on immune evasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to provide evidence for enhancing the effect of immunotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A xenograft mouse model and immunohistochemistry were used to reveal the patterns of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). The CAL27 and SCC VII cell lines were used for the in vitro study. Western blotting, qPCR, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the expression of B7-H4. Recombinant mouse B7-H4 protein (rmB7-H4) and PG490, an inhibitor of NF-κB p65 were used for the "rescue study." Gain- and loss-of-function, luciferase reporter, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were performed to verify this mechanism. RESULTS DHEA inhibited tumor growth in an OSCC xenograft mouse model, increased CD8 + cells, and decreased FOXP3 + cells in TILs. DHEA reduced the expression of B7-H4 in CAL27 and SCC VII cells RmB7-H4 reverses the effect of DHEA on tumor growth and TIL patterns. DHEA increased the expression of miR-15b-5p and activated its transcriptional factor NF-κB p65. Further experiments demonstrated that miR-15b-5p inhibited B7-H4 expression by binding to its 3'-UTR regions, and NF-κB p65 activated miR-15b transcription. PG490 reversed the effects of DHEA on tumor growth, antitumor immunity in the OSCC xenograft model, and the expression/phosphorylation of NF-κB p65, miR-15b-5p, and B7-H4. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that DHEA attenuates the immune escape of OSCC cells by inhibiting B7-H4 expression, providing new insights for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, No. 22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Ruiliu Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, No. 22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Ruoshui Yuan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, No. 22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, No. 22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Qiao Qiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, No. 22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Zhenyuan Han
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, No. 22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Qingxiang Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, No. 22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yuke Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, No. 22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yuxing Guo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, No. 22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Chuanbin Guo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, No. 22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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Lu Z, Chen X, Wang C, Luo X, Wu X, Zhao X, Xiao S. Self-Assembled Nanocomposite DOX/TPOR 4@CB[7] 4 for Enhanced Synergistic Photodynamic Therapy and Chemotherapy in Neuroblastoma. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:822. [PMID: 38931942 PMCID: PMC11207937 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
DOX/TPOR4@CB[7]4 was synthesized via self-assembly, and its physicochemical properties and ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated. The impact of photodynamic therapy on SH-SY5Y cells was assessed using the MTT assay, while flow cytometry analysis was employed to detect cell apoptosis. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was utilized to observe the intracellular distribution of DOX/TPOR4@CB[7]4 in SH-SY5Y cells. Additionally, fluorescence imaging of DOX/TPOR4@CB[7]4 in nude mice bearing SH-SY5Y tumors and examination of the combined effects of photodynamic and chemical therapies were conducted. The incorporation of CB[7] significantly enhanced the optical properties of DOX/TPOR4@CB[7]4, resulting in increased ROS production and pronounced toxicity towards SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, both the apoptotic and mortality rates exhibited significant elevation. In vivo experiments demonstrated that tumor growth inhibition was most prominent in the DOX/TPOR4@CB[7]4 group. π-π interactions facilitated the binding between DOX and photosensitizer TPOR, with TPOR's naphthalene hydrophilic groups encapsulated within CB[7]'s cavity through host-guest interactions with CB[7]. Therefore, CB[7] can serve as a nanocarrier to enhance the combined application of chemical therapy and photodynamic therapy, thereby significantly improving treatment efficacy against neuroblastoma tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouxia Lu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (X.L.); (X.W.)
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (X.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Conghui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (X.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Xuelian Luo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (X.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaohan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (X.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Xing Zhao
- Tumor Immunotherapy Technology Engineering Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 5500025, China;
| | - Song Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (X.L.); (X.W.)
- Tumor Immunotherapy Technology Engineering Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 5500025, China;
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Hu Y, Li Q, Qian Z, BeiXiao, Luo K, Luo N. Joint Analysis of Genome-wide DNA Methylation and Transcription Sequencing Identifies the Role of BAX Gene in Heat Stress-Induced-Sertoli Cells Apoptosis. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:1311-1322. [PMID: 38180610 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01430-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The problem of male infertility is a global health crisis and poses a serious threat to the well-being of families. Under heat stress (HS), the reduction of Sertoli cells (SCs) inhibits energy transport and nutrient supply to germ cells, leading to spermatogenesis failure. DNA methylation of genes is a central epigenetic regulatory mechanism in mammalian reproduction. However, it remains unclear how DNA methylation regulates gene expression in heat-stressed SCs. In this study, we investigated whether the decrease in SC levels during HS could be related to epigenetic DNA modifications. The cells exposed to HS showed changes in differential methylation cytosines and regions (DMCs/DMRs) and differential expression genes (DEGs), but not in global DNA methylations. One of the most important biological processes affected by HS is cell apoptosis induced by the intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway (GO: 2,001,244, P < 0.05) by enrichment in the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). The joint analysis showed that several gene expressions in RNA-seq and WGBS overlapped and the shortlisted genes BAX, HSPH1, HSF1B, and BAG were strongly correlated with stress response and apoptosis. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and flow cytometry (FCM) analyzes showed that reduced promoter methylation and enhanced gene expression of BAX with a consequence of apoptosis. The activity of BAX, as well as an increase in its expression, is likely to result in a reduction of SCs population which could further impair ATP supply and adversely affect membrane integrity. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms through which stressors cause male reproductive dysfunction and a new molecular etiology of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - QingHan Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - ZhengLi Qian
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - BeiXiao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - KeYan Luo
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
| | - NanJian Luo
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
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Yang J, Song Y, Xu S, Ge S, Haiwen Z. CircHLA-C: A significantly upregulated circRNA co-existing in oral leukoplakia and oral lichen planus. Organogenesis 2023; 19:2234504. [PMID: 37531467 PMCID: PMC10399473 DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2023.2234504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral leukoplakia (OLK) and oral lichen planus (OLP) are common precancerous lesions of the oral mucosa. The role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in OLK and OLP is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the circRNA expression profiles of OLK and OLP, and further explore the potential role of circRNAs in the pathogenesis of these two diseases. METHODS High throughput sequencing technology was performed to detect the differentially expressed circRNA in OLK (n = 6), OLP (n = 6), oral squamous cell carcinoma (n = 6), and normal oral mucosa tissues (n = 6). Expression of selected circRNAs was validated by qRT-PCR, enzyme tolerance assay, and Sanger sequencing. Expanded sample size validation was done in 20 tissue pairs. The biological processes and signal pathways involved in differential circRNA were analyzed by GO and KEGG enrichment. TargetScan and MiRanda were used to predict miRNAs downstream of circRNA and draw competitive endogenous RNA network diagram. RESULTS Forty-nine circRNAs were significantly altered in OLK and OLP, including 30 upregulated and 19 downregulated circRNAs. The five selected circRNAs were validated by qRT-PCR, Sanger sequencing, and RNase R assay. GO and KEGG analyses indicated that the upregulated circHLA-C may be involved in the biological process of immune function of OLK and OLP. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that circHLA-C may be involved in the progression of OLK and OLP as a ceRNA. In validation with expanded sample size, PCR results showed that circHLA-C expression was significantly upregulated in OLK and OLP. ROC analysis indicated that circHLA-C has potential diagnostic value with good accuracy and specificity. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that circHLA-C is the most significantly upregulated circRNA co-existing in OLK and OLP, and we preliminarily discuss the role of circHLA-C in the etiopathogenesis and progression of OLK and OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Yang
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityNational Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhan Song
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityNational Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Siming Xu
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityNational Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyun Ge
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityNational Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou Haiwen
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityNational Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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Chen K, Zheng T, Chen C, Liu L, Guo Z, Peng Y, Zhang X, Yang Z. Pregnancy Zone Protein Serves as a Prognostic Marker and Favors Immune Infiltration in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1978. [PMID: 37509617 PMCID: PMC10377424 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a public enemy with a very high incidence and mortality rate, for which there is no specific detectable biomarker. Pregnancy zone protein (PZP) is an immune-related protein; however, the functions of PZP in LUAD are unclear. In this study, a series of bioinformatics methods, combined with immunohistochemistry (IHC), four-color multiplex fluorescence immunohistochemistry (mIHC), quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were utilized to explore the prognostic value and potential role of PZP in LUAD. Our data revealed that PZP expression was markedly reduced in LUAD tissues, tightly correlated with clinical stage and could be an independent unfavorable prognostic factor. In addition, pathway analysis revealed that high expression of PZP in LUAD was mainly involved in immune-related molecules. Tumor immune infiltration analysis by CIBERSORT showed a significant correlation between PZP expression and several immune cell infiltrations, and IHC further confirmed a positive correlation with CD4+ T-cell infiltration and a negative correlation with CD68+ M0 macrophage infiltration. Furthermore, mIHC demonstrated that PZP expression gave rise to an increase in CD86+ M1 macrophages and a decrease in CD206+ M2 macrophages. Therefore, PZP can be used as a new biomarker for the prediction of prognosis and may be a promising immune-related molecular target for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehong Chen
- Department of Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Taihao Zheng
- Department of Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Cai Chen
- Department of Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Liangzhong Liu
- Department of Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Zhengjun Guo
- Department of Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Department of Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- Department of Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Zhenzhou Yang
- Department of Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
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Harris A, Andl T. Precancerous Lesions of the Head and Neck Region and Their Stromal Aberrations: Piecemeal Data. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082192. [PMID: 37190121 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) develop through a series of precancerous stages from a pool of potentially malignant disorders (PMDs). Although we understand the genetic changes that lead to HNSCC, our understanding of the role of the stroma in the progression from precancer to cancer is limited. The stroma is the primary battleground between the forces that prevent and promote cancer growth. Targeting the stroma has yielded promising cancer therapies. However, the stroma at the precancerous stage of HNSCCs is poorly defined, and we may miss opportunities for chemopreventive interventions. PMDs already exhibit many features of the HNSCC stroma, such as inflammation, neovascularization, and immune suppression. Still, they do not induce cancer-associated fibroblasts or destroy the basal lamina, the stroma's initial structure. Our review aims to summarize the current understanding of the transition from precancer to cancer stroma and how this knowledge can reveal opportunities and limitations for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic decisions to benefit patients. We will discuss what may be needed to fulfill the promise of the precancerous stroma as a target to prevent progression to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee Harris
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, 12722 Research Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Thomas Andl
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, 12722 Research Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
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Venkatesiah SS, Augustine D, Mishra D, Gujjar N, Haragannavar VC, Awan KH, Patil S. Immunology of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma-A Comprehensive Insight with Recent Concepts. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1807. [PMID: 36362963 PMCID: PMC9695443 DOI: 10.3390/life12111807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to understand the concept of oral cancer immunology through the notion of immune profiling, immunoediting and immunotherapy, and to gain knowledge regarding its application for the management of oral cancer patients. Oral cancer is an immunogenic tumor where the cells of the tumor microenvironment play an important role in tumorigenesis. Understanding the mechanism of these modulations can help design immunotherapeutic strategies in oral cancer patients. This article gives an overview of immunomodulation in the oral cancer tumor microenvironment, with concepts of immune profiling, immunoediting and immunotherapy. English literature searches via Google Scholar, Web of Science, EBSCO, Scopus, and PubMed database were performed with the key words immunology, tumor microenvironment, cells, cross talk, immune profiling, biomarkers, inflammation, gene expression, techniques, immunoediting, immunosurveillance, tumor escape, immunotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, vaccines in cancer, oral cancer, and head and neck cancer. Original research articles, reviews, and case reports published from 2016-2021 (n = 81) were included to appraise different topics, and were discussed under the following subsections. Literature published on oral cancer immunology reveals that oral cancer immune profiling with appropriate markers and techniques and knowledge on immunoediting concepts can help design and play an effective role in immunotherapeutic management of oral cancer patients. An evaluation of oral cancer immunology helps to determine its role in tumorigenesis, and immunotherapy could be the emerging drift in the effective management of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Samudrala Venkatesiah
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, MSR Nagar, Bengaluru 560054, India
| | - Dominic Augustine
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, MSR Nagar, Bengaluru 560054, India
| | - Deepika Mishra
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Delhi 110608, India
| | - Neethi Gujjar
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, MSR Nagar, Bengaluru 560054, India
| | - Vanishri C. Haragannavar
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, MSR Nagar, Bengaluru 560054, India
| | - Kamran Habib Awan
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT 84095, USA
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT 84095, USA
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences University, Chennai 600077, India
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González-Moles MÁ, Keim-del Pino C, Ramos-García P. Hallmarks of Cancer Expression in Oral Lichen Planus: A Scoping Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13099. [PMID: 36361889 PMCID: PMC9658487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology and likely autoimmune nature that is currently considered an oral potentially malignant disorder, implying that patients suffering from this process are at risk of developing oral cancer in their lifetime. The molecular alterations that develop in OLP and that make the affected oral epithelium predisposed to malignancy are unknown, although, as in other autoimmune diseases (ulcerative colitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, etc.), they may be linked to oncogenesis-promoting effects mediated by the inflammatory infiltrate. So far there is no in-depth knowledge on how these hallmarks of cancer are established in the cells of the oral epithelium affected by OLP. In this scoping review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses the state of evidence based knowledge in this field is presented, to point out gaps of evidence and to indicate future lines of research. MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and Dare were searched for secondary-level studies published before October 2022. The results identified 20 systematic reviews and meta-analyses critically appraising the hallmarks tumor-promoting inflammation (n = 17, 85%), sustaining proliferative signaling (n = 2, 10%), and evading growth suppressors (n = 1, 5%). No evidence was found for the other hallmarks of cancer in OLP. In conclusion, OLP malignization hypothetically derives from the aggressions of the inflammatory infiltrate and a particular type of epithelial response based on increased epithelial proliferation, evasion of growth-suppressive signals and lack of apoptosis. Future evidence-based research is required to support this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel González-Moles
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Keim-del Pino
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo Ramos-García
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
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Cerro PA, Mascaraque M, Gallego-Rentero M, Almenara-Blasco M, Nicolás-Morala J, Santiago JL, González S, Gracia-Cazaña T, Juarranz Á, Gilaberte Y. Tumor microenvironment in non-melanoma skin cancer resistance to photodynamic therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:970279. [PMID: 36338755 PMCID: PMC9634550 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.970279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancer has recently seen an increase in prevalence, and it is estimated that this grow will continue in the coming years. In this sense, the importance of therapy effectiveness has increased, especially photodynamic therapy. Photodynamic therapy has attracted much attention as a minimally invasive, selective and repeatable approach for skin cancer treatment and prevention. Although its high efficiency, this strategy has also faced problems related to tumor resistance, where the tumor microenvironment has gained a well-deserved role in recent years. Tumor microenvironment denotes a wide variety of elements, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts, immune cells, endothelial cells or the extracellular matrix, where their interaction and the secretion of a wide diversity of cytokines. Therefore, the need of designing new strategies targeting elements of the tumor microenvironment to overcome the observed resistance has become evident. To this end, in this review we focus on the role of cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor-associated macrophages in the resistance to photodynamic therapy. We are also exploring new approaches consisting in the combination of new and old drugs targeting these cells with photodynamic therapy to enhance treatment outcomes of non-melanoma skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina A. Cerro
- Department of Dermatology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria (IIS), Zaragoza, Aragón, Spain
| | - Marta Mascaraque
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experminetal Dermatology and Skin Biology, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Gallego-Rentero
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experminetal Dermatology and Skin Biology, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Almenara-Blasco
- Department of Dermatology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria (IIS), Zaragoza, Aragón, Spain
| | - Jimena Nicolás-Morala
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experminetal Dermatology and Skin Biology, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Santiago
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital General de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Salvador González
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tamara Gracia-Cazaña
- Department of Dermatology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria (IIS), Zaragoza, Aragón, Spain
| | - Ángeles Juarranz
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experminetal Dermatology and Skin Biology, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Ángeles Juarranz, ; Yolanda Gilaberte,
| | - Yolanda Gilaberte
- Department of Dermatology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria (IIS), Zaragoza, Aragón, Spain
- *Correspondence: Ángeles Juarranz, ; Yolanda Gilaberte,
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10
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Zeng X, Luo X, Mao X, Wen D, Zhang H, Wang J. Inflammatory and immune-related factor Caspase 1 contributes to the development of oral lichen planus. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 131:105244. [PMID: 34481194 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed at underlying the potential regulatory mechanism and overall biological functions of caspase 1 (CASP1) in oral lichen planus (OLP). DESIGN Buccal mucosa tissue samples were gained from healthy subjects or patients diagnosed with OLP. Immunochemical staining was applied to detect CASP1 in OLP tissues. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to construct OLP in vitro models. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry assay were applied to detecte cell viability and apoptosis. RESULTS The upregulation of CASP1 in OLP has been identified through comprehensive bioinformatics analysis and verified in clinical samples. In OLP tissues, inflammation-related factors, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-18, were elevated and positively correlated with CASP1. In HaCaT cells, LPS stimulation induced CASP1 upregulation, suppressed cell viability, facilitated cell apoptosis, and elevated the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18; silencing of CASP1 attenuated LPS-induced damages to HaCaT cells. Pearson's correlation analysis identified that 45 immune-related genes were positively correlated with CASP1; these 45 genes were enriched in the immune system process, associated with combined immunodeficiency, and spleen-specific and CD56 + NK cell-specific. PPI network among CASP1 and correlated immune-related factors was constructed, and CASP1 was positively correlated with RAC2, CYBB, and ARHGDIB. In HaCaT cells, LPS stimulation induced RAC2, CYBB, and ARHGDIB expression, whereas knocking down CASP1 attenuated LPS-induced increases in RAC2, CYBB, and ARHGDIB. CONCLUSION CASP1 is upregulated in OLP tissues. Knockdown of CASP1 in HaCaT cells could protect HaCaT cells from LPS-induced inflammatory injury. Comprehensive bioinformatics indicates that the interaction of CASP1 with RAC2, CYBB, and ARHGDIB, might be the potential molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefang Zeng
- Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China; Department of Immunology, Yueyang Vocational Technigal College, Yueyang, 414000, Hunan, China
| | - Xue Luo
- Department of Immunology, Yueyang Vocational Technigal College, Yueyang, 414000, Hunan, China
| | - Xia Mao
- Department of Immunology, Yueyang Vocational Technigal College, Yueyang, 414000, Hunan, China
| | - Dada Wen
- Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Huamin Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
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11
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Yoshimura K, Tsujikawa T, Mitsuda J, Ogi H, Saburi S, Ohmura G, Arai A, Shibata S, Thibault G, Chang YH, Clayburgh DR, Yasukawa S, Miyagawa-Hayashino A, Konishi E, Itoh K, Coussens LM, Hirano S. Spatial Profiles of Intratumoral PD-1 + Helper T Cells Predict Prognosis in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:769534. [PMID: 34777389 PMCID: PMC8581667 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.769534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Functional interactions between immune cells and neoplastic cells in the tumor immune microenvironment have been actively pursued for both biomarker discovery for patient stratification, as well as therapeutic anti-cancer targets to improve clinical outcomes. Although accumulating evidence indicates that intratumoral infiltration of immune cells has prognostic significance, limited information is available on the spatial infiltration patterns of immune cells within intratumoral regions. This study aimed to understand the intratumoral heterogeneity and spatial distribution of immune cell infiltrates associated with cell phenotypes and prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods A total of 88 specimens of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, categorized into discovery (n = 38) and validation cohorts (n = 51), were analyzed for immune contexture by multiplexed immunohistochemistry (IHC) and image cytometry-based quantification. Tissue segmentation was performed according to a mathematical morphological approach using neoplastic cell IHC images to dissect intratumoral regions into tumor cell nests versus intratumoral stroma. Results Tissue segmentation revealed heterogeneity in intratumoral T cells, varying from tumor cell nest-polarized to intratumoral stroma-polarized distributions. Leukocyte composition analysis revealed higher ratios of TH1/TH2 in tumor cell nests with higher percentages of helper T cells, B cells, and CD66b+ granulocytes within intratumoral stroma. A discovery and validation approach revealed a high density of programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1)+ helper T cells in tumor cell nests as a negative prognostic factor for short overall survival. CD163+ tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) provided the strongest correlation with PD-1+ helper T cells, and cases with a high density of PD-1+ helper T cells and CD163+ TAM had a significantly shorter overall survival than other cases. Conclusion This study reveals the significance of analyzing intratumoral cell nests and reports that an immune microenvironment with a high density of PD-1+ helper T cells in tumoral cell nests is a poor prognostic factor for HNSCC.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Female
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/immunology
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/metabolism
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry/methods
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prognosis
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/immunology
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/metabolism
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Yoshimura
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsujikawa
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Junichi Mitsuda
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ogi
- Department of Pathology and Applied Neurobiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- SCREEN Holdings Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sumiyo Saburi
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Gaku Ohmura
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihito Arai
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Guillaume Thibault
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Young Hwan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Computational Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Daniel R. Clayburgh
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Satoru Yasukawa
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daini Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Aya Miyagawa-Hayashino
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eiichi Konishi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kyoko Itoh
- Department of Pathology and Applied Neurobiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Lisa M. Coussens
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Shigeru Hirano
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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12
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Xie Y, Olkhov-Mitsel E, Alminawi S, Slodkowska E, Downes MR. Development of a multiplex immuno-oncology biomarker and digital pathology workflow for assessment of urothelial carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 226:153607. [PMID: 34509050 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) therapies have demonstrated significant benefit in the treatment of many tumors including high grade urothelial cancer (HGUC) of the bladder. However, variability in patients' clinical responses highlights the need for biomarkers to aid patient stratification. ICI relies on an intact host immune response. In this context, we hypothesize that key players in the antitumor immune response such as markers of activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8, granzyme-B) and immune suppression (FOXP3) may help to identify patients who will derive the greatest therapeutic benefit from ICI. A major obstacle for deployment of such a strategy is the limited quantities of tumor-derived biopsy material. Therefore, in this technical study, we develop a multiplex biomarker with digital workflow. We explored the (1) concordance of conventional single stain results using digital image analysis, and (2) agreement between digital scoring versus manual analysis. METHODS (1) For concordance study of single and multiplex stains, triplicate core tissue microarrays of 207 muscle invasive, HGUC of bladder had sequential 4-micron sections cut and stained with CD8, FOXP3 and granzyme-B. An inhouse developed tri-chromogen multiplex immunohistochemistry (m-IHC) assay consisting of CD8 (green), granzyme B (brown), and FOXP3 (red) was used to stain the next sequential tissue section. (2) Agreement between manual and digital analysis was performed on 19 whole slide sections of HGUC cystectomy specimens. All slides were scanned using Aperio ScanScope AT Digital Scanner at 40X. Quantitative digital image analysis was performed using QuPath version 0.2.3 open-source software. Scores from triplicate cores were averaged for each HGUC specimen for each marker. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to compare percent positive cells between the single- and multi-plex assays. Lin's concordance correlation coefficients were used for manual versus digital analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS m-IHC offers significant advantages in characterizing the host immune microenvironment particularly in limited biopsy tissue material. Utilizing a digital image workflow resulted in significant concordance between m-IHC and individual single stains (p < 0.001 for all assessments). Moderate to good agreements were achieved between manual and digital scoring. Our technical work demonstrated potential uses of multiplex marker in assessing the host immune status and could be used in conjunction with PD-L1 as a predictor of response to ICI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youheng Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 1 King's College Circle, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON M 5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ekaterina Olkhov-Mitsel
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Samira Alminawi
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Elzbieta Slodkowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 1 King's College Circle, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON M 5S 1A8, Canada; Division of Anatomic Pathology, Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Michelle R Downes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 1 King's College Circle, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON M 5S 1A8, Canada; Division of Anatomic Pathology, Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada.
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13
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He Y, Liu Z, Sheng S, Gao W, Tang X, Li X, Ma C. Salvage surgery for patients with residual/persistent diseases after improper or insufficient treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma: can we rectify these mistakes? BMC Cancer 2021; 21:878. [PMID: 34332566 PMCID: PMC8325844 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08600-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patterns of failure after treatment of oral and squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) are diversified, with recurrences being one of the common causes. A special group of patients are sometimes encountered in the outpatient clinic for improper or insufficient initial treatment with reports of positive margins, implying residual/persistent diseases. The question of whether these patients can be surgically salvaged remain unanswered. METHODS A retrospective study was performed between January 2013 and December 2017 for patients with residual or rapid recurrent (within 3 months) OSCCs, who received salvage surgeries in our institution. The patients with residual/persistent OSCCs were those with microscopic or macroscopic positive surgical margins, while those with rapid recurrent OSCCs were those with close or negative margins, but unabated painful symptoms right after treatment. Both clinicopathological and prognostic variables were analyzed. The focus was also directed towards lessons for possible initial mistakes, resulting in these residual/persistent diseases. RESULTS Of 103 patients, 68 (66%) were men, with mean age of 56.3 years. The overall survival reached 60.2%. Regarding the primary OSCC status, most of our patients (n = 75, 72.8%) were diagnosed with ycT2-3 stages. Besides, most patients were found with macroscopic residual diseases (52.4%) before our salvage surgery. The sizes of the residual/persistent OSCCs were generally under 4 cm (87.3%) with minimally residual in 21 (20.4%). Among all the variables, primary T stage (p = 0.003), and residual lesion size (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with the prognosis in multivariate analysis. Though the causes for the initial surgical failure were multifactorial, most were stemmed from poor planning and unstandardized execution. CONCLUSIONS Cases with residual/persistent OSCCs were mostly due to mistakes which could have been avoided under well-round treatment plans and careful surgical practice. Salvage surgery for cases with smaller residual/persistent OSCCs is still feasible with acceptable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue He
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial - Head & Neck Oncology, 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 639, Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhonglong Liu
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial - Head & Neck Oncology, 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 639, Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, Shanghai, China
| | - Surui Sheng
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial - Head & Neck Oncology, 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 639, Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijin Gao
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial - Head & Neck Oncology, 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 639, Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Tang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial - Head & Neck Oncology, 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 639, Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial - Head & Neck Oncology, 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 639, Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chunyue Ma
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial - Head & Neck Oncology, 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 639, Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Hyperion Image Analysis Depicts a Preliminary Landscape of Tumor Immune Microenvironment in OSCC with Lymph Node Metastasis. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:9975423. [PMID: 34239944 PMCID: PMC8238606 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9975423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) constitutes the most common types of oral cancer. Because its prognosis varies significantly, identification of a tumor immune microenvironment could be a critical tool for treatment planning and predicting a more accurate prognosis. This study is aimed at utilizing the Hyperion imaging system to depict a preliminary landscape of the tumor immune microenvironment in OSCC with lymph node metastasis. Methods We collected neoplasm samples from OSCC patients. Their formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections were obtained and stained utilizing a panel of 26 clinically relevant metal-conjugated antibodies. Detection and analysis were performed for these stained cells with the Hyperion imaging system. Results Four patients met our inclusion criteria. We depicted a preliminary landscape of their tumor immune microenvironment and identified 25 distinct immune cell subsets from these OSCC patients based on phenotypic similarity. All these patients had decreased expression of CD8+ T cells in tumor specimens. Variety in cell subsets was seen, and more immune activated cells were found in patient A and patient B than those in patient C and patient D. Such differences in tumor immune microenvironments can contribute to forecasting of individual prognoses. Conclusion The Hyperion imaging system helped to delineate a preliminary and multidimensional landscape of the tumor immune microenvironment in OSCC with lymph node metastasis and provided insights into the influence of the immune microenvironment in determination of prognoses. These results reveal possible contributory factors behind different prognoses of OSCC patients with lymph node metastasis and provide reference for individual treatment planning.
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