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Fathy A, Abdelrazek MA, Attallah AM, Abouzid A, El-Far M. Hepatitis C virus may accelerate breast cancer progression by increasing mutant p53 and c-Myc oncoproteins circulating levels. Breast Cancer 2024; 31:116-123. [PMID: 37973687 PMCID: PMC10764473 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-023-01519-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) was reported to relate to polymorphous and frequent extrahepatic manifestation. Despite the limited studies, HCV viral oncoproteins may be implicated in breast cancer (BC) tumor aggressiveness. In a trial to elucidate a mechanistic link, this study aimed to investigate a mutant p53 and c-Myc oncoprotein expression levels in BC patients with and without HCV infection. METHODS A total of 215 BC patients (119 infected and 96 non-infected with HCV) were collected. ELISA was used for detection of anti-HCV antibodies, mutant p53, c-Myc, HCV-NS4, CEA, CA 125, and CA-15.3. RESULTS HCV infection was related to BC late stages, lymph-node invasion, distant metastasis, high grades, and large size. HCV-infected patients had a significantly (P < 0.05) higher WBCs, ALT and AST activity, bilirubin CEA, CA125 and CA15.3 levels, and reduced hemoglobin, albumin, and RBCs count. Regardless of tumor severity, HCV infection was associated with significant elevated levels of mutant p53 (22.5 ± 3.5 µg/mL; 1.9-fold increase) and c-Myc (21.4 ± 1.8 µg/mL; 1.5-fold increase). Among HCV-infected patients, elevated levels of p53 and c-Myc were significantly correlated with elevated tumor markers (CEA, CA 125, and CA15.3) and HCV-NS4 levels. CONCLUSIONS This study concluded that HCV infection may be accompanied with BC severity behavior and this may be owing to elevated expression of mutant p53 and c-Myc oncoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Fathy
- Research and Development Department, Biotechnology Research Center, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Abdelrazek
- Research and Development Department, Biotechnology Research Center, New Damietta, Egypt.
| | | | - Amr Abouzid
- Surgical Oncology Department, Mansoura Oncology Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Far
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
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2
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Mohamed HI, Abdelrahim EM, Elsayed AM, Shaaban SM, Eldahrouty HA. Relationship between hepatitis C virus infection and extrahepatic malignancies. Clin Exp Hepatol 2023; 9:202-209. [PMID: 37790685 PMCID: PMC10544054 DOI: 10.5114/ceh.2023.130783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the most common causes of liver-related deaths worldwide. Non-hepatic cancers such as lung and pancreatic cancers have been linked to HCV infection. This study aimed to determine whether HCV seropositivity was related to the development of extrahepatic malignancies and whether this had an impact on patients' survival. Material and methods This retrospective case control study included 1476 patients with lung, colorectal, pancreatic and breast cancers compared to 1550 age- and sex-matched controls regarding HCV seropositivity. In the cancer group, HCV seropositive and seronegative subjects were compared for TNM staging, histologic grading and survival. Results There was no significant difference between cancer patients and controls regarding age and sex. The percentage of HCV seropositivity was significantly higher in the total cancer group compared to that in the control group (11.6% vs. 7.3%) [OR = 1.67, p < 0.001] and in cancer types: lung (20.1%) [OR = 3.20, p < 0.001], colorectal (11.8%) [OR = 1.70, p = 0.025], pancreatic (25.4%) [OR = 4.33, p < 0.001] and breast cancer (8.1%) [OR = 1.47, p = 0.03]. There was a significant decrease in survival among HCV seropositive subjects compared to seronegatives in colorectal [HR = 2.77, p = 0.002] and pancreatic cancer [HR = 2.2, p = 0.004], a non-significant decrease in lung cancer [HR = 1.02, p = 0.93] and a non-significant increase in breast cancer [HR = 0.79, p = 0.51]. Conclusions HCV seropositivity was associated with increased risk of lung, colorectal, pancreatic and breast cancer development; it was also associated with reduced survival in colorectal and pancreatic but not in lung and breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala I. Mohamed
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Egypt
| | - Ehab M. Abdelrahim
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Egypt
| | - Amr M. Elsayed
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Egypt
| | - Saeed M. Shaaban
- Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni Suef University, Egypt
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3
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Sarantis P, Trifylli EM, Koustas E, Papavassiliou KA, Karamouzis MV, Papavassiliou AG. Immune Microenvironment and Immunotherapeutic Management in Virus-Associated Digestive System Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13612. [PMID: 36362398 PMCID: PMC9655697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of cancer is a multifactorial phenomenon, while it constitutes a major global health problem. Viruses are an important factor that is involved in tumorigenesis and is associated with 12.1% of all cancer cases. Major examples of oncogenic viruses which are closely associated with the digestive system are HBV, HCV, EBV, HPV, JCV, and CMV. EBV, HPV, JCV, and CMV directly cause oncogenesis by expressing oncogenic proteins that are encoded in their genome. In contrast, HBV and HCV are correlated indirectly with carcinogenesis by causing chronic inflammation in the infected organs. In addition, the tumor microenvironment contains various immune cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts, as well as several growth factors, cytokines, and other tumor-secreted molecules that play a key role in tumor growth, progression, and migration, while they are closely interrelated with the virus. The presence of T-regulatory and B-regulatory cells in the tumor microenvironment plays an important role in the anti-tumor immune reaction. The tumor immune microenvironments differ in each type of cancer and depend on viral infection. The alterations in the immune microenvironment caused by viruses are also reflected in the effectiveness of immunotherapy. The present review aims at shedding light on the association between viruses and digestive system malignancies, the characteristics of the tumor immune microenvironment that develop, and the possible treatments that can be administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Sarantis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni-Myrto Trifylli
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- First Department of Internal Medicine, 417 Army Share Fund Hospital, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Koustas
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- First Department of Internal Medicine, 417 Army Share Fund Hospital, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Kostas A. Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Michalis V. Karamouzis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G. Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Firoz A, Ali HM, Rehman S, Rather IA. Gastric Cancer and Viruses: A Fine Line between Friend or Foe. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040600. [PMID: 35455349 PMCID: PMC9025827 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a significant health concern worldwide, with a GLOBOCAN estimate of 1.08 million novel cases in 2020. It is the leading cause of disability-adjusted life years lost to cancer, with the fourth most common cancer in males and the fifth most common cancer in females. Strategies are pursued across the globe to prevent gastric cancer progression as a significant fraction of gastric cancers have been linked to various pathogenic (bacterial and viral) infections. Early diagnosis (in Asian countries), and non-invasive and surgical treatments have helped manage this disease with 5-year survival for stage IA and IB tumors ranging between 60% and 80%. However, the most prevalent aggressive stage III gastric tumors undergoing surgery have a lower 5-year survival rate between 18% and 50%. These figures point to a need for more efficient diagnostic and treatment strategies, for which the oncolytic viruses (OVs) appear to have some promise. OVs form a new therapeutic agent class that induces anti-tumor immune responses by selectively killing tumor cells and inducing systemic anti-tumor immunity. On the contrary, several oncogenic viruses have been shown to play significant roles in malignancy progression in the case of gastric cancer. Therefore, this review evaluates the current state of research and advances in understanding the dual role of viruses in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Firoz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.F.); (H.M.A.)
- Princess Dr Najla Bint Saud Al-Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Mohammed Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.F.); (H.M.A.)
- Princess Dr Najla Bint Saud Al-Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suriya Rehman
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (I.A.R.)
| | - Irfan A. Rather
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.F.); (H.M.A.)
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (I.A.R.)
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5
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Chan L, Karimi N, Morovati S, Alizadeh K, Kakish JE, Vanderkamp S, Fazel F, Napoleoni C, Alizadeh K, Mehrani Y, Minott JA, Bridle BW, Karimi K. The Roles of Neutrophils in Cytokine Storms. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112318. [PMID: 34835125 PMCID: PMC8624379 DOI: 10.3390/v13112318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A cytokine storm is an abnormal discharge of soluble mediators following an inappropriate inflammatory response that leads to immunopathological events. Cytokine storms can occur after severe infections as well as in non-infectious situations where inflammatory cytokine responses are initiated, then exaggerated, but fail to return to homeostasis. Neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, and natural killer cells are among the innate leukocytes that contribute to the pathogenesis of cytokine storms. Neutrophils participate as mediators of inflammation and have roles in promoting homeostatic conditions following pathological inflammation. This review highlights the advances in understanding the mechanisms governing neutrophilic inflammation against viral and bacterial pathogens, in cancers, and in autoimmune diseases, and how neutrophils could influence the development of cytokine storm syndromes. Evidence for the destructive potential of neutrophils in their capacity to contribute to the onset of cytokine storm syndromes is presented across a multitude of clinical scenarios. Further, a variety of potential therapeutic strategies that target neutrophils are discussed in the context of suppressing multiple inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Chan
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (J.E.K.); (S.V.); (F.F.); (C.N.); (Y.M.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Negar Karimi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91779-4897, Iran;
| | - Solmaz Morovati
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71557-13876, Iran;
| | - Kasra Alizadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Julia E. Kakish
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (J.E.K.); (S.V.); (F.F.); (C.N.); (Y.M.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Sierra Vanderkamp
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (J.E.K.); (S.V.); (F.F.); (C.N.); (Y.M.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Fatemeh Fazel
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (J.E.K.); (S.V.); (F.F.); (C.N.); (Y.M.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Christina Napoleoni
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (J.E.K.); (S.V.); (F.F.); (C.N.); (Y.M.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Kimia Alizadeh
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
| | - Yeganeh Mehrani
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (J.E.K.); (S.V.); (F.F.); (C.N.); (Y.M.); (J.A.M.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91779-4897, Iran;
| | - Jessica A. Minott
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (J.E.K.); (S.V.); (F.F.); (C.N.); (Y.M.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Byram W. Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (J.E.K.); (S.V.); (F.F.); (C.N.); (Y.M.); (J.A.M.)
- Correspondence: (B.W.B.); (K.K.); Tel.: +1-519-824-4120 (ext. 54657) (B.W.B.); +1-519-824-4120 (ext. 54668) (K.K.)
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (J.E.K.); (S.V.); (F.F.); (C.N.); (Y.M.); (J.A.M.)
- Correspondence: (B.W.B.); (K.K.); Tel.: +1-519-824-4120 (ext. 54657) (B.W.B.); +1-519-824-4120 (ext. 54668) (K.K.)
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6
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Yang Y, Jiang Z, Wu W, Ruan L, Yu C, Xi Y, Wang L, Wang K, Mo J, Zhao S. Chronic Hepatitis Virus Infection Are Associated With High Risk of Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Cumulative Analysis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:703558. [PMID: 34307172 PMCID: PMC8297975 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.703558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting studies demonstrated both chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection might be associated not only with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma but also extrahepatic malignancies, i.e., gastric cancer (GC). However, a quantitative result addressing the association between HBV/HCV infection and GC development is scarce. A systematic search to identify the eligible studies was performed in four databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and the PsychINFO. The relationship between HBV/HCV infection and the risk of GC was quantified by calculating the hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). More methodologies of this study were available in the PROSPERO (ID: CRD42021243719). Thirteen included studies involving 7,027,546 individuals (mean age, 42.6-71.9 years) were enrolled in the pooled analyses. Two articles provided the clinical data of both HBV and HCV infections. The proportion of high methodological quality studies was 76.9% (10/13). Synthetic results from 10 eligible studies of HBV showed that HBV infection was associated with a significantly higher risk of GC when compared with the healthy controls without HBV infection (pooled HR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.08–1.47; P = 0.003; heterogeneity, I2 = 89.3%; P< 0.001). In line with this finding, the combined effect derived from five included studies of HCV also supported a significant positive association between chronic HBV infection and GC development (pooled HR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.28–2.76; P = 0.001; heterogeneity, I2 = 74.7%; P = 0.003). In conclusion, both chronic HBV and HCV infections were related to a high risk of GC. The plausible mechanisms underlying such association might be correlated to HBV/HCV infection-induced persistent inflammation, immune dysfunction, and cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusha Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Zufu Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Weizhou Wu
- Department of Urology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Libin Ruan
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Chengyang Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Yuning Xi
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Liling Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Kunpeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Jinggang Mo
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Shankun Zhao
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
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Hussein O, El-Ghitany EM, Omran M, Matariek G, Elbadaly EA, Hamdy R, Gamal A, Zayed MM, Nasr A, Hamdy O, Elbasiony M, Abdelwahab K. High Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Antibody in Breast Cancer Patients in Egypt. BREAST CANCER-BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2021; 15:11782234211002499. [PMID: 33814915 PMCID: PMC7995286 DOI: 10.1177/11782234211002499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a known risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma. Several epidemiological studies have pointed out to an association of HCV infection with other extrahepatic malignancies. The role of chronic HCV in breast cancer causation is less clear. Egypt is an endemic area of HCV infection with resulting significant morbidity. The association between HCV status and breast cancer risk in Egyptian women is hitherto unknown. Methods: A retrospective study was performed. The prevalence of anti-HCV seropositivity was estimated in a sample of women with a breast cancer diagnosis, retrieved from the hospital records, and was compared to the raw data of a population study in Egypt. Anti-HCV negative and positive patients were compared regarding the disease course and outcome. Results: Retrospective analysis revealed a markedly high prevalence of anti-HCV seropositivity in young breast cancer patients. In patients younger than 45 years, 13.4% were anti-HCV positive. Seropositivity was 6-fold higher in these patients than in adult females of the same age without cancer diagnosis (P = .003). The biological type, tumor size, nodal status, and disease-free survival were not affected by the patients’ HCV status. Conclusion: Young Egyptian breast cancer patients have a dramatically high prevalence of HCV seropositivity. Further population studies are strongly required to investigate the epidemiological association of these two significant health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Hussein
- Oncology Center and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Engy Mohamed El-Ghitany
- Tropical Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mawadda Omran
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | | | - Rana Hamdy
- Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amira Gamal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed Nasr
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Omar Hamdy
- Oncology Center and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elbasiony
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Khaled Abdelwahab
- Oncology Center and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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