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Cano A, Eraso P, Mazón MJ, Portillo F. LOXL2 in Cancer: A Two-Decade Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14405. [PMID: 37762708 PMCID: PMC10532419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysyl Oxidase Like 2 (LOXL2) belongs to the lysyl oxidase (LOX) family, which comprises five lysine tyrosylquinone (LTQ)-dependent copper amine oxidases in humans. In 2003, LOXL2 was first identified as a promoter of tumour progression and, over the course of two decades, numerous studies have firmly established its involvement in multiple cancers. Extensive research with large cohorts of human tumour samples has demonstrated that dysregulated LOXL2 expression is strongly associated with poor prognosis in patients. Moreover, investigations have revealed the association of LOXL2 with various targets affecting diverse aspects of tumour progression. Additionally, the discovery of a complex network of signalling factors acting at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels has provided insights into the mechanisms underlying the aberrant expression of LOXL2 in tumours. Furthermore, the development of genetically modified mouse models with silenced or overexpressed LOXL2 has enabled in-depth exploration of its in vivo role in various cancer models. Given the significant role of LOXL2 in numerous cancers, extensive efforts are underway to identify specific inhibitors that could potentially improve patient prognosis. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of two decades of research on the role of LOXL2 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amparo Cano
- Departamento de Bioquímica UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (P.E.); (M.J.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz—IdiPAZ, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Área de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Eraso
- Departamento de Bioquímica UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (P.E.); (M.J.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz—IdiPAZ, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María J. Mazón
- Departamento de Bioquímica UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (P.E.); (M.J.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz—IdiPAZ, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Portillo
- Departamento de Bioquímica UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (P.E.); (M.J.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz—IdiPAZ, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Área de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Carvalho D, Diaz-Amarilla P, Dapueto R, Santi MD, Duarte P, Savio E, Engler H, Abin-Carriquiry JA, Arredondo F. Transcriptomic Analyses of Neurotoxic Astrocytes Derived from Adult Triple Transgenic Alzheimer's Disease Mice. J Mol Neurosci 2023; 73:487-515. [PMID: 37318736 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-023-02105-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease have been classically studied from a purely neuronocentric point of view. More recent evidences support the notion that other cell populations are involved in disease progression. In this sense, the possible pathogenic role of glial cells like astrocytes is increasingly being recognized. Once faced with tissue damage signals and other stimuli present in disease environments, astrocytes suffer many morphological and functional changes, a process referred as reactive astrogliosis. Studies from murine models and humans suggest that these complex and heterogeneous responses could manifest as disease-specific astrocyte phenotypes. Clear understanding of disease-associated astrocytes is a necessary step to fully disclose neurodegenerative processes, aiding in the design of new therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. In this work, we present the transcriptomics characterization of neurotoxic astrocytic cultures isolated from adult symptomatic animals of the triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (3xTg-AD). According to the observed profile, 3xTg-AD neurotoxic astrocytes show various reactivity features including alteration of the extracellular matrix and release of pro-inflammatory and proliferative factors that could result in harmful effects to neurons. Moreover, these alterations could be a consequence of stress responses at the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria as well as of concomitant metabolic adaptations. Present results support the hypothesis that adaptive changes of astrocytic function induced by a stressed microenvironment could later promote harmful astrocyte phenotypes and further accelerate or induce neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Carvalho
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pablo Diaz-Amarilla
- Área I+D Biomédica, Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rosina Dapueto
- Área I+D Biomédica, Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Daniela Santi
- Área I+D Biomédica, Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
- College of Dentistry, Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University, New York, 10010, USA
| | - Pablo Duarte
- Área I+D Biomédica, Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Eduardo Savio
- Área I+D Biomédica, Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Henry Engler
- Área I+D Biomédica, Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 1800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Juan A Abin-Carriquiry
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
- Laboratorio de Biofármacos, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Florencia Arredondo
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
- Área I+D Biomédica, Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Prasansuklab A, Sukjamnong S, Theerasri A, Hu VW, Sarachana T, Tencomnao T. Transcriptomic analysis of glutamate-induced HT22 neurotoxicity as a model for screening anti-Alzheimer's drugs. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7225. [PMID: 37142620 PMCID: PMC10160028 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34183-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in the HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line has been recognized as a valuable cell model for the study of neurotoxicity associated with neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the relevance of this cell model for AD pathogenesis and preclinical drug screening remains to be more elucidated. While there is increasing use of this cell model in a number of studies, relatively little is known about its underlying molecular signatures in relation to AD. Here, our RNA sequencing study provides the first transcriptomic and network analyses of HT22 cells following glutamate exposure. Several differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their relationships specific to AD were identified. Additionally, the usefulness of this cell model as a drug screening system was assessed by determining the expression of those AD-associated DEGs in response to two medicinal plant extracts, Acanthus ebracteatus and Streblus asper, that have been previously shown to be protective in this cell model. In summary, the present study reports newly identified AD-specific molecular signatures in glutamate-injured HT22 cells, suggesting that this cell can be a valuable model system for the screening and evaluation of new anti-AD agents, particularly from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchalee Prasansuklab
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Suporn Sukjamnong
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- SYstems Neuroscience of Autism and PSychiatric Disorders (SYNAPS) Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Atsadang Theerasri
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Valerie W Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tewarit Sarachana
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- SYstems Neuroscience of Autism and PSychiatric Disorders (SYNAPS) Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Li L, Leng W, Chen J, Li S, Lei B, Zhang H, Zhao H. Identification of a copper metabolism-related gene signature for predicting prognosis and immune response in glioma. Cancer Med 2023; 12:10123-10137. [PMID: 36856182 PMCID: PMC10166918 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliomas are highly refractory intracranial cancers characterized by genetic and transcriptional heterogeneity. However, therapeutic options are limited. In the last years, copper-induced cell death is becoming a prospective treatment strategy for gliomas and other solid tumors, but copper metabolism-related genes associated with cancer development remain unclear. METHODS We first collected gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to identify significantly differentially expressed copper metabolism-related genes in gliomas. Using these genes, we performed COX regression and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression to construct the prognostic model. The prognostic value of the model was further validated by CGGA testing set. Subsequently, functional analyses were carried out, including gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), immune infiltration analysis, and mutation analysis. Finally, the expression levels of these genes were verified by immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS The prognostic model consisted of 7 genes: CDK1, LOXL2, LOXL3, NFE2L2, SLC31A1, SUMF1 and FDX1. According to this prognosis model, glioma patients could be split into the high-risk group or low-risk group, and the low-risk group showed significantly better prognostic survival (p < 0.001). Moreover, the high-risk group had higher levels of immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint genes expression, and higher tumor mutational burden (TMB), which indicates that they might benefit more from immunotherapy. Finally, we confirmed the expression level of FDX1, SUMF1, and SLC31A1 protein as significantly different in glioblastoma, lower-grade glioma, and non-tumor brain tissues by immunohistochemical analysis, and the high expression of FDX1 and SLC31A1 protein was related to poor survival in glioma patients. CONCLUSIONS Our study could contribute to the prognosis prediction and decision-making in patients with gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Department of Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyuan Leng
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junying Chen
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoying Li
- Department of Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingxi Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huasong Zhang
- Department of Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Longgang E.N.T hospital & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of E.N.T, Institute of E.N.T, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huiying Zhao
- Department of Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Copper Exposure Induces Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition-Related Fibrotic Change via Autophagy and Increase Risk of Lung Fibrosis in Human. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020532. [PMID: 36830091 PMCID: PMC9952124 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper is an essential trace element involved in several vital biological processes of the human body. However, excess exposure to copper caused by occupational hazards and environmental contamination, such as food, water, and air, damages human health. In this study, in vitro cell culture model and epidemiologic studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of copper on lung fibrosis. In vitro, treatment of CuSO4 in lung epithelial cells at 100 μM consistently decreases cell viability in alveolar type (A549) and human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. CuSO4 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as shown by increased cell migration and increased EMT marker and fibrotic gene expressions. Besides, CuSO4 induced cell autophagy, with an increased LC3, PINK, and decreased p62 expression. Inhibition of ROS by N-acetylcysteine reversed the CuSO4-induced PINK1, LC3, and Snail expressions. Inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine reverses the CuSO4-induced EMT changes. Nature flavonoids, especially kaempferol, and fustin, were shown to inhibit Copper-induced EMT. In humans, a unit increase in urinary copper concentration was significantly associated with an increased risk of lung fibrotic changes (odds ratio [OR] = 1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01-1.36, p = 0.038). These results indicated that Copper is a risk factor for lung fibrosis through activation of the ROS-autophagy-EMT pathway, which can be reversed by flavonoids.
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Zhu Q, Shen S, Yang C, Li M, Zhang X, Li H, Zhao X, Li M, Cui Y, Ren X, Lin S. A prognostic estimation model based on mRNA-sequence data for patients with oligodendroglioma. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1074593. [PMID: 36588901 PMCID: PMC9795846 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1074593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The diagnosis of oligodendroglioma based on the latest World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (WHO CNS 5) criteria requires the codeletion of chromosome arms 1p and 19q and isocitrate dehydrogenase gene (IDH) mutation (mut). Previously identified prognostic indicators may not be completely suitable for patients with oligodendroglioma based on the new diagnostic criteria. To find potential prognostic indicators for oligodendroglioma, we analyzed the expression of mRNAs of oligodendrogliomas in Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA). Methods We collected 165 CGGA oligodendroglioma mRNA-sequence datasets and divided them into two cohorts. Patients in the two cohorts were further classified into long-survival and short-survival subgroups. The most predictive mRNAs were filtered out of differentially expressed mRNAs (DE mRNAs) between long-survival and short-survival patients in the training cohort by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and risk scores of patients were calculated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to screen factors associated with survival and establish the prognostic model. qRT-PCR was used to validate the expression differences of mRNAs. Results A total of 88 DE mRNAs were identified between the long-survival and the short-survival groups in the training cohort. Seven RNAs were selected to calculate risk scores. Univariate analysis showed that risk level, age, and primary-or-recurrent status (PRS) type were statistically correlated with survival and were used as factors to establish a prognostic model for patients with oligodendroglioma. The model showed an optimal predictive accuracy with a C-index of 0.912 (95% CI, 0.679-0.981) and harbored a good agreement between the predictions and observations in both training and validation cohorts. Conclusion We established a prognostic model based on mRNA-sequence data for patients with oligodendroglioma. The predictive ability of this model was validated in a validation cohort, which demonstrated optimal accuracy. The 7 mRNAs included in the model would help predict the prognosis of patients and guide personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgical Oncology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoping Shen
- Department of Neurosurgical Oncology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanwei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgical Oncology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxiao Li
- Department of Neurosurgical Oncology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaokang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgical Oncology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haoyi Li
- Department of Neurosurgical Oncology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuzhe Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgical Oncology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Neurosurgical Oncology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Neurosurgical Oncology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Ren
- Department of Neurosurgical Oncology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Neurosurgical Oncology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Song Lin
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Wang M, Han X, Zha W, Wang X, Liu L, Li Z, Shi Y, Kan X, Wang G, Gao D, Zhang B. GDNF Promotes Astrocyte Abnormal Proliferation and Migration Through the GFRα1/RET/MAPK/pCREB/LOXL2 Signaling Axis. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6321-6340. [PMID: 35925441 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02978-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a powerful astroglioma (AG) proliferation and migration factor that is highly expressed in AG cells derived from astrocytes. However, it is still unclear whether high levels of GDNF promote AG occurrence or if they are secondary to AG formation. We previously reported that high concentrations of GDNF (200 and 500 ng/mL) can inhibit DNA damage-induced rat primary astrocytes (RA) apoptosis, suggesting that high concentrations of GDNF may be involved in the malignant transformation of astrocytes to AG cells. Here we show that 200 ng/mL GDNF significantly increased the proliferation and migration ability of RA cells and human primary astrocytes (HA). This treatment also induced RA cells to highly express Pgf, Itgb2, Ibsp, Loxl2, Lif, Cxcl10, Serpine1, and other genes that enhance AG proliferation and migration. LOXL2 is an important AG occurrence and development promotion factor and was highly expressed in AG tissues and cells. High concentrations of GDNF promote LOXL2 expression and secretion in RA cells through GDNF family receptor alpha-1(GFRα1)/rearranged during transfection proto-oncogene (RET)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/phosphorylated cyclic AMP response element binding protein (pCREB) signaling. GDNF-induced LOXL2 significantly promotes RA and HA cell proliferation and migration, and increases the expression of Ccl2, Gbp5, MMP11, TNN, and other genes that regulate the extracellular microenvironment in RA cells. Our results demonstrate that high concentrations of GDNF activate LOXL2 expression and secretion via the GFRα1/RET/MAPK/pCREB signal axis, which leads to remodeling of the astrocyte extracellular microenvironment through molecules such as Ccl2, Gbp5, MMP11, TNN. This ultimately results in abnormal astrocyte proliferation and migration. Collectively, these findings suggest that high GDNF concentrations may promote the malignant transformation of astrocytes to AG cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zha
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liyun Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zimu Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yefeng Shi
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xugang Kan
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gui Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dianshuai Gao
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Baole Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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Liu Y, Zhu J, Yang L, Wu Q, Zhou Z, Zhang X, Zeng W. Lysyl Oxidase-Like Protein-2 Silencing Suppresses the Invasion and Proliferation of Esophageal Cancer Cells. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.3082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
This study explores the effect of silencing lysyl oxidase-like protein-2 (LOXL2) gene on TE-1 cells. TE-1 cells were transfected by LOXL2-siRNA. E-cadherin, LOXL2, and Snail were detected using Western blot and Real-time PCR. Transwell invasion and migration assay was performed. Flow
cytometry detected apoptosis. Cell growth was analyzed with CCK-8 and colony formation. After48 h of transfection, compared with control groups, LOXL2 mRNA in the LOXL2-siRNA group (0.40±0.01) lowered significantly (P < 0.05). Consistently, LOXL2 protein in LOXL2-siRNA group
was (0.48± 0.02), significantly lower than that in blank control (1.04± 0.03) and negative control (1.02± 0.02) (P < 0.05). After 72 h of cell culture, the absorbance of LOXL2-siRNA group was (0.43±0.04), which reduced significantly than blank control
(0.81±0.05) and negative control (0.84±0.06) (P < 0.05). Similarly, cell clone number after LOXL2-siRNA transfection (72.3±4.2)increased significantly than the negative control (178.8±4.6) and blank control (167.3±3.5) (P < 0.05). However,
LOXL2 silencing did not significantly affect cell apoptosis. Furthermore, LOXL2 silencing inhibited Snail while increased E-cadherin (P < 0.05). Conclusively, LOXL2 silencing may suppress the invasion and proliferation of esophageal cancer cells via down-regulating Snail, and up-regulating
E-cadherin to inhibit EMT in esophageal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Longhai Yang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Zizi Zhou
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
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Bioinformatics Strategies to Identify Shared Molecular Biomarkers That Link Ischemic Stroke and Moyamoya Disease with Glioblastoma. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081573. [PMID: 36015199 PMCID: PMC9413912 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Expanding data suggest that glioblastoma is accountable for the growing prevalence of various forms of stroke formation, such as ischemic stroke and moyamoya disease. However, the underlying deterministic details are still unspecified. Bioinformatics approaches are designed to investigate the relationships between two pathogens as well as fill this study void. Glioblastoma is a form of cancer that typically occurs in the brain or spinal cord and is highly destructive. A stroke occurs when a brain region starts to lose blood circulation and prevents functioning. Moyamoya disorder is a recurrent and recurring arterial disorder of the brain. To begin, adequate gene expression datasets on glioblastoma, ischemic stroke, and moyamoya disease were gathered from various repositories. Then, the association between glioblastoma, ischemic stroke, and moyamoya was established using the existing pipelines. The framework was developed as a generalized workflow to allow for the aggregation of transcriptomic gene expression across specific tissue; Gene Ontology (GO) and biological pathway, as well as the validation of such data, are carried out using enrichment studies such as protein–protein interaction and gold benchmark databases. The results contribute to a more profound knowledge of the disease mechanisms and unveil the projected correlations among the diseases.
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Ashrafizadeh M, Paskeh MDA, Mirzaei S, Gholami MH, Zarrabi A, Hashemi F, Hushmandi K, Hashemi M, Nabavi N, Crea F, Ren J, Klionsky DJ, Kumar AP, Wang Y. Targeting autophagy in prostate cancer: preclinical and clinical evidence for therapeutic response. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:105. [PMID: 35317831 PMCID: PMC8939209 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and new estimates revealed prostate cancer as the leading cause of death in men in 2021. Therefore, new strategies are pertinent in the treatment of this malignant disease. Macroautophagy/autophagy is a “self-degradation” mechanism capable of facilitating the turnover of long-lived and toxic macromolecules and organelles. Recently, attention has been drawn towards the role of autophagy in cancer and how its modulation provides effective cancer therapy. In the present review, we provide a mechanistic discussion of autophagy in prostate cancer. Autophagy can promote/inhibit proliferation and survival of prostate cancer cells. Besides, metastasis of prostate cancer cells is affected (via induction and inhibition) by autophagy. Autophagy can affect the response of prostate cancer cells to therapy such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, given the close association between autophagy and apoptosis. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that upstream mediators such as AMPK, non-coding RNAs, KLF5, MTOR and others regulate autophagy in prostate cancer. Anti-tumor compounds, for instance phytochemicals, dually inhibit or induce autophagy in prostate cancer therapy. For improving prostate cancer therapy, nanotherapeutics such as chitosan nanoparticles have been developed. With respect to the context-dependent role of autophagy in prostate cancer, genetic tools such as siRNA and CRISPR-Cas9 can be utilized for targeting autophagic genes. Finally, these findings can be translated into preclinical and clinical studies to improve survival and prognosis of prostate cancer patients. • Prostate cancer is among the leading causes of death in men where targeting autophagy is of importance in treatment; • Autophagy governs proliferation and metastasis capacity of prostate cancer cells; • Autophagy modulation is of interest in improving the therapeutic response of prostate cancer cells; • Molecular pathways, especially involving non-coding RNAs, regulate autophagy in prostate cancer; • Autophagy possesses both diagnostic and prognostic roles in prostate cancer, with promises for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, 34396, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Farid Hashemi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417466191, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urological Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Francesco Crea
- Cancer Research Group-School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute & Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore. .,NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Urological Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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11
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Tumor Cell Glycolysis—At the Crossroad of Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Autophagy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11061041. [PMID: 35326492 PMCID: PMC8947107 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of glycolysis, induction of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy), are phenotypic changes that occur in tumor cells, in response to similar stimuli, either tumor cell-autonomous or from the tumor microenvironment. Available evidence, herein reviewed, suggests that glycolysis can play a causative role in the induction of EMT and autophagy in tumor cells. Thus, glycolysis has been shown to induce EMT and either induce or inhibit autophagy. Glycolysis-induced autophagy occurs both in the presence (glucose starvation) or absence (glucose sufficiency) of metabolic stress. In order to explain these, in part, contradictory experimental observations, we propose that in the presence of stimuli, tumor cells respond by upregulating glycolysis, which will then induce EMT and inhibit autophagy. In the presence of stimuli and glucose starvation, upregulated glycolysis leads to adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and autophagy induction. In the presence of stimuli and glucose sufficiency, upregulated glycolytic enzymes (e.g., aldolase or glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) or decreased levels of glycolytic metabolites (e.g., dihydroxyacetone phosphate) may mimic a situation of metabolic stress (herein referred to as “pseudostarvation”), leading, directly or indirectly, to AMPK activation and autophagy induction. We also discuss possible mechanisms, whereby glycolysis can induce a mixed mesenchymal/autophagic phenotype in tumor cells. Subsequently, we address unresolved problems in this field and possible therapeutic consequences.
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12
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Yi B, Li H, Cai H, Lou X, Yu M, Li Z. LOXL1-AS1 communicating with TIAR modulates vasculogenic mimicry in glioma via regulation of the miR-374b-5p/MMP14 axis. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 26:475-490. [PMID: 34890108 PMCID: PMC8743654 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, growing evidence indicates that long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in the progression of glioma. The function of LOXL1‐AS1 in vasculogenic mimicry (VM) in glioma remains unclear. First, the expressions of TIAR, the lncRNA LOXL1‐AS1, miR‐374b‐5p and MMP14 were examined by qRT‐PCR and Western blot in both, glioma tissues and glioma cell lines. Proliferation, migration, invasion and tube formation assays were conducted to evaluate the roles of TIAR, LOXL1‐AS1, miR‐374b‐5p and MMP14 in malignant cellular behaviours in glioma cells. A nude mouse xenograft model and dual staining for CD34 and PAS were used to assess whether VM was affected by TIAR, LOXL1‐AS1 or miR‐374b‐5p in vivo. In this study, low levels of TIAR and high levels of LOXL1‐AS1 were found in glioma cells and tissues. TIAR downregulated the expression of LOXL1‐AS1 by destabilizing it. LOXL1‐AS1 acted like a miRNA sponge towards miR‐374b‐5p so that downregulation of the former greatly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion and VM. Additionally, miR‐374b‐5p overexpression repressed malignant biological behaviours and VM in glioma by modifying MMP14. In summary, we demonstrated that TIAR combined with LOXL1‐AS1 modulates VM in glioma via the miR‐374b‐5p/MMP14 axis, revealing novel targets for glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolong Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Commend, Shenyang
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Heng Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Lou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingjun Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
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13
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Abstract
The proliferation, metastasis and therapy response of tumour cells are tightly regulated by interaction among various signalling networks. The microRNAs (miRNAs) can bind to 3'-UTR of mRNA and down-regulate expression of target gene. The miRNAs target various molecular pathways in regulating biological events such as apoptosis, differentiation, angiogenesis and migration. The aberrant expression of miRNAs occurs in cancers and they have both tumour-suppressor and tumour-promoting functions. On the contrary, SOX proteins are capable of binding to DNA and regulating gene expression. SOX2 is a well-known member of SOX family that its overexpression in different cancers to ensure progression and stemness. The present review focuses on modulatory impact of miRNAs on SOX2 in affecting growth, migration and therapy response of cancers. The lncRNAs and circRNAs can function as upstream mediators of miRNA/SOX2 axis in cancers. In addition, NF-κB, TNF-α and SOX17 are among other molecular pathways regulating miRNA/SOX2 axis in cancer. Noteworthy, anti-cancer compounds including bufalin and ovatodiolide are suggested to regulate miRNA/SOX2 axis in cancers. The translation of current findings to clinical course can pave the way to effective treatment of cancer patients and improve their prognosis.
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14
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Nan Y, Guo L, Lu Y, Guo G, Hong R, Zhao L, Wang L, Ren B, Yu K, Zhong Y, Huang Q. miR-451 suppresses EMT and metastasis in glioma cells. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:1270-1278. [PMID: 34048322 PMCID: PMC8331032 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1933303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The metastasis of tumor cells is a challenge for the clinical treatment of glioma. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to glioma cell invasiveness. Our previous study confirmed that the expression of miRNA-451, which inhibits the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by directly targeting CAB39 and plays a repressive role in glioma, is downregulated in glioma. However, the specific mechanism of miRNA-451 regulation in glioma is unclear. In this study, we investigated whether miRNA-451 blocks the processes of EMT and metastasis in glioma cells in vivo and in vitro. By targeting CAB39, miRNA-451 likely triggers the PI3K/Akt/Snail signaling pathway to reduce glioma proliferation, invasion, migration and EMT. We used Western blotting experiments to demonstrate that overexpression of miRNA-451 significantly reduced p-AKT(Ser473), N-cadherin, Vimentin, Twist, Snail and Cyclin D1 expression and increased E-cadherin expression. We demonstrated that overexpression of miR-451 suppressed glioma cell proliferation, invasion, migration and EMT by MTT and colony formation assays, Transwell assays, wound healing assays and animal experiments. Taken together, these results suggest that miRNA-451 can reduce EMT and metastasis in glioma cells through the suppression of the PI3K/Akt/Snail signaling pathway by targeting CAB39 in vitro and in vivo. miR-451 may be a new target for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Nan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Site, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Liyun Guo
- Department of Hemodialysis Center, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Site, Tianjin, China
| | - Yalin Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Gaochao Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rujun Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Liwen Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Site, Tianjin, China
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Site, Tianjin, China
| | - Bingcheng Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Site, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Site, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Site, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
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15
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A Theoretical Approach to Coupling the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) to Extracellular Matrix (ECM) Stiffness via LOXL2. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071609. [PMID: 33807227 PMCID: PMC8037024 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key process in cancer progression through which cells weaken their cell-cell adhesion and gain mobility and invasive traits. Besides chemical signaling, recent studies have established the connection of EMT to mechanical microenvironment, such as the stiffness of extracellular matrix (ECM). LOXL2 is representative of a family of enzymes that promotes fiber cross-linking in ECM. With increased cross-linking comes increased stiffness, which induces EMT that can, in turn, elevate LOXL2 levels. As such, a positive feedback loop among EMT, LOXL2, and ECM stiffness can be formed. We built a mathematical model on a core biochemical reaction network featuring this feedback loop, and showed how strongly it drives EMT. We also illustrated mechanistically how cross-linking connects with stiffness, using a mechanical model of collagen (a major component of ECM). Using this theoretical framework, we demonstrated the heterogeneity of LOXL2/stiffness and its implications on migrating cancer cells that could seed metastasis, the growth of secondary malignant tumors. This framework can inspire experimental studies of more fine-grained mechanotransduction and biomechanical heterogeneity in cancers. Abstract The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a critical role in cancer progression, being responsible in many cases for the onset of the metastatic cascade and being integral in the ability of cells to resist drug treatment. Most studies of EMT focus on its induction via chemical signals such as TGF-β or Notch ligands, but it has become increasingly clear that biomechanical features of the microenvironment such as extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness can be equally important. Here, we introduce a coupled feedback loop connecting stiffness to the EMT transcription factor ZEB1, which acts via increasing the secretion of LOXL2 that leads to increased cross-linking of collagen fibers in the ECM. This increased cross-linking can effectively increase ECM stiffness and increase ZEB1 levels, thus setting a positive feedback loop between ZEB1 and ECM stiffness. To investigate the impact of this non-cell-autonomous effect, we introduce a computational approach capable of connecting LOXL2 concentration to increased stiffness and thereby to higher ZEB1 levels. Our results indicate that this positive feedback loop, once activated, can effectively lock the cells in a mesenchymal state. The spatial-temporal heterogeneity of the LOXL2 concentration and thus the mechanical stiffness also has direct implications for migrating cells that attempt to escape the primary tumor.
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16
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Tan J, Zhu H, Tang G, Liu H, Wanggou S, Cao Y, Xin Z, Zhou Q, Zhan C, Wu Z, Guo Y, Jiang Z, Zhao M, Ren C, Jiang X, Yin W. Molecular Subtypes Based on the Stemness Index Predict Prognosis in Glioma Patients. Front Genet 2021; 12:616507. [PMID: 33732284 PMCID: PMC7957071 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.616507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the common histological subtype of malignancy in the central nervous system, with high morbidity and mortality. Glioma cancer stem cells (CSCs) play essential roles in tumor recurrence and treatment resistance. Thus, exploring the stem cell-related genes and subtypes in glioma is important. In this study, we collected the RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data and clinical information of glioma patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) databases. With the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA), we identified 86 mRNA expression-based stemness index (mRNAsi)-related genes in 583 samples from TCGA RNA-seq dataset. Furthermore, these samples from TCGA database could be divided into two significantly different subtypes with different prognoses based on the mRNAsi corresponding gene, which could also be validated in the CGGA database. The clinical characteristics and immune cell infiltrate distribution of the two stemness subtypes are different. Then, functional enrichment analyses were performed to identify the different gene ontology (GO) terms and pathways in the two different subtypes. Moreover, we constructed a stemness subtype-related risk score model and nomogram to predict the prognosis of glioma patients. Finally, we selected one gene (ETV2) from the risk score model for experimental validation. The results showed that ETV2 can contribute to the invasion, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process of glioma. In conclusion, we identified two distinct molecular subtypes and potential therapeutic targets of glioma, which could provide new insights for the development of precision diagnosis and prognostic prediction for glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hecheng Zhu
- Changsha Kexin Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Guihua Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Siyi Wanggou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yudong Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaoqi Xin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Quanwei Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chaohong Zhan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaoping Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Youwei Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhipeng Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Changsha Kexin Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Caiping Ren
- Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xingjun Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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17
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Zhang Q, Guan G, Cheng P, Cheng W, Yang L, Wu A. Characterization of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-related signature to evaluate immune features and predict prognosis in glioma. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:3870-3884. [PMID: 33611848 PMCID: PMC8051731 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has considerable impact on cell growth, proliferation, metastasis, invasion, angiogenesis and chemoradiotherapy resistance in various cancers. However, the effect of ER stress on the outcomes of glioma patients remains unclear. In this study, we established an ER stress risk model based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) glioma data set to reflect immune characteristics and predict the prognosis of glioma patients. Survival analysis indicated that there were significant differences in the overall survival (OS) of glioma patients with different ER stress-related risk scores. Moreover, the ER stress-related risk signature, which was markedly associated with the clinicopathological properties of glioma patients, could serve as an independent prognostic indicator. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the risk model correlated with immune and inflammation responses, as well as biosynthesis and degradation. In addition, the ER stress-related risk model indicated an immunosuppressive microenvironment. In conclusion, we present an ER stress risk model that is an independent prognostic factor and indicates the general immune characteristics in the glioma microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gefei Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lianhe Yang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Anhua Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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