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Le TNQ, Le MK, Dang MX, Kondo T. CXCL5 expression is associated with active signals of macrophages in the microenvironment of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 261:155474. [PMID: 39067172 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5) is a chemokine molecule that is secreted by immune cells in attracting granulocytes. Studies showed that CXCL5 was related to the progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) tumor cells. However, the in vivo effects of CXCL5 on PTC tumor cells and their microenvironment have not been elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the biological effects of CXCL5 on tumor cells, microenvironment, and clinical progression of PTC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The PTC patients from The Human Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) - thyroid carcinoma (THCA) were retrieved. There were a total of 500 patients who met the criteria of our study. Differential expression (DEA) and pathway analyses were used to explore the biological effects of CXCL5 gene expression. RESULTS In DEA, we found that CXCL5 was mostly associated with PBPP, SLC11A1, and MRC1 (adjusted p<0.001). Samples with CXCL5 FPKM≥1 were related to a different immune profile (p<0.001). In pathway analyses, samples with higher CXCL5 expression possessed higher activities of RAS-RAF, NF-kB, PRC2, IL2, IL5, and Wnt pathways (adjusted p<0.001). In microenvironment analysis, CXCL5 was highly correlated with the activity of macrophage (Rho=0.76; adjusted p<0.001). Clinically, high level of CXCL5 expression was an indicator of tumor stages (p<0.001), nodal metastasis (AUC=0.68), and prognosis (p=0.001). CONCLUSION CXCL5 was a significant biomarker of PTC. CXCL5 was highly associated with tumor immunology and microenvironment. Samples with higher CXCL5 expression had more advanced disease status and worse prognosis. CXCL5 target therapy is potentially helpful in advanced PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tho Ngoc-Quynh Le
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Viet Nam.
| | - Minh-Khang Le
- Department of Pathology, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3821, Japan.
| | - Minh-Xuan Dang
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Viet Nam.
| | - Tetsuo Kondo
- Department of Pathology, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3821, Japan.
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Fattahi AS, Jafari M, Farahavar G, Abolmaali SS, Tamaddon AM. Expanding horizons in cancer therapy by immunoconjugates targeting tumor microenvironments. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 201:104437. [PMID: 38977144 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunoconjugates are promising molecules combining antibodies with different agents, such as toxins, drugs, radionuclides, or cytokines that primarily aim to target tumor cells. However, tumor microenvironment (TME), which comprises a complex network of various cells and molecular cues guiding tumor growth and progression, remains a major challenge for effective cancer therapy. Our review underscores the pivotal role of TME in cancer therapy with immunoconjugates, examining the intricate interactions with TME and recent advancements in TME-targeted immunoconjugates. We explore strategies for targeting TME components, utilizing diverse antibodies such as neutralizing, immunomodulatory, immune checkpoint inhibitors, immunostimulatory, and bispecific antibodies. Additionally, we discuss different immunoconjugates, elucidating their mechanisms of action, advantages, limitations, and applications in cancer immunotherapy. Furthermore, we highlight emerging technologies enhancing the safety and efficacy of immunoconjugates, such as antibody engineering, combination therapies, and nanotechnology. Finally, we summarize current advancements, perspectives, and future developments of TME-targeted immunoconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Saamaan Fattahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mahboobeh Jafari
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
| | - Ghazal Farahavar
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
| | - Samira Sadat Abolmaali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
| | - Ali Mohammad Tamaddon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
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3
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Cheng H, Lee W, Hsu F, Lai Y, Huang S, Lim CSH, Lin Z, Hsu S, Chiang C, Jeng L, Shyu W, Chen S. Manipulating the Crosstalk between Cancer and Immunosuppressive Cells with Phototherapeutic Gold-Nanohut for Reprogramming Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2404347. [PMID: 38923327 PMCID: PMC11348132 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202404347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Photoimmunotherapy faces challenges due to insufficient intratumoral accumulation of photothermal agents and the reversion of the cancer-immunity cycle during treatment. In this study, an anti-PD-L1-immobilized magnetic gold nanohut, AuNH-2-Ab, with photoresponsive, thermosensitive, and immunomodulatory properties to effectively suppress the growth of primary tumors, elevate immunogenic cell death (ICD) levels, reverse the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), and consequently inhibit metastases are developed. AuNH-2-Ab achieves high tumor accumulation (9.54% injected dose) following systemic administration, allowing the modulation of hyperthermia dose of over 50 °C in the tumor. By optimizing the hyperthermia dose, AuNH-2-Ab simultaneously target and eliminate cancer cells and tumor-associated macrophages, thereby activating potent antitumor immunity without being compromised by immunosuppressive elements. Hyperthermia/pH induced morphological transformation of AuNH-2-Ab involving the detachment of the surface antibody for in situ PD-L1 inhibition, and exposure of the inner fucoidan layer for natural killer (NK) cell activation. This precision photoimmunotherapy approach reprograms the TIME, significantly prolongs survival in a murine hepatocellular carcinoma model (Hep55.1c), and harnesses the synergistic effects of ICD production and checkpoint inhibitors by utilizing a single nanoplatform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung‐Wei Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
| | - Wei Lee
- Cell Therapy CenterChina Medical University HospitalTaichung40447Taiwan
| | - Fei‐Ting Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and TechnologyChina Medical UniversityTaichung406040Taiwan
| | - Yen‐Ho Lai
- Cell Therapy CenterChina Medical University HospitalTaichung40447Taiwan
| | - Shu‐Rou Huang
- Translational Medicine Research CenterNew Drug development Center and Department of NeurologyChina Medical University HospitalTaichung40447Taiwan
| | - Chris Seh Hong Lim
- Department of Physician Assistant StudiesSchool of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesMGH InstituteBostonMassachusetts02114USA
| | - Zhen‐Kai Lin
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
| | - Shih‐Chao Hsu
- Department of SurgeryChina Medical University HospitalTaichung40447Taiwan
| | - Chih‐Sheng Chiang
- Cell Therapy CenterChina Medical University HospitalTaichung40447Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical ScienceChina Medical UniversityTaichung406040Taiwan
- Neuroscience and Brain Disease CenterChina Medical UniversityTaichung40447Taiwan
| | - Long‐Bin Jeng
- Cell Therapy CenterChina Medical University HospitalTaichung40447Taiwan
- Organ Transplantation CenterChina Medical University HospitalTaichung40447Taiwan
- School of MedicineChina Medical UniversityTaichung406040Taiwan
| | - Woei‐Cherng Shyu
- Translational Medicine Research CenterNew Drug development Center and Department of NeurologyChina Medical University HospitalTaichung40447Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical ScienceChina Medical UniversityTaichung406040Taiwan
- Neuroscience and Brain Disease CenterChina Medical UniversityTaichung40447Taiwan
| | - San‐Yuan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical ScienceChina Medical UniversityTaichung406040Taiwan
- School of DentistryCollege of Dental MedicineKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung807Taiwan
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4
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Li X, Sun X, Chen H, Wang Y, Chen H, Gao Y. Boron Dipyrromethene-Based Nanotheranostic System for Sonophotoassisted Therapy and Simultaneous Monitoring of Tumor Immune Microenvironment Reprogramming. ACS NANO 2024; 18:18230-18245. [PMID: 38950337 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Therapy-induced modulation of the tumor microenvironment (TME) to overcome the immunosuppressive TME is considered to be an opportunity for cancer treatment. However, monitoring of TME modulation during the therapeutic process to accurately determine immune responses and adjust treatment plans in a timely manner remains to be challenging. Herein, we report a carrier-free nanotheranostic system (CANPs) assembled by two boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes, a sonophotosensitizer C-BDP, and a nitric oxide (NO) probe amino-BODIPY (A-BDP). CANPs can exert combined sonophototherapeutic effects of C-BDP under ultrasound and light irradiation and simultaneously induce inflammatory TME, as well as emit bright fluorescence via A-BDP by monitoring tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) repolarization through the released NO in vitro and in vivo. Of note, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) could be the key cytokine involved in the sonophototherapy-induced TME reprogramming. By virtue of high physiological stability, good biocompatibility, and effective tumor targetability, CANPs could be a potential nanotheranostic system for the simultaneous induction and detection of TME reprogramming triggered by sonophototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Li
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xianbin Sun
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Haijun Chen
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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Syrnioti A, Petousis S, Newman LA, Margioula-Siarkou C, Papamitsou T, Dinas K, Koletsa T. Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Molecular Subtype-Specific Immune Landscapes with Therapeutic Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2094. [PMID: 38893213 PMCID: PMC11171372 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is characterized by distinct molecular subtypes with unique biological and clinical features. This systematic review aimed to identify articles examining the differences in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) across different TNBC molecular subtypes. Six studies meeting inclusion criteria were analyzed, utilizing gene expression profiling and bioinformatic analyses to classify TNBC samples into molecular subtypes, as well as immunohistochemistry and cell deconvolution methods to characterize the TIME. Results revealed significant heterogeneity in immune cell composition among TNBC subtypes, with the immunomodulatory (IM) subtype demonstrating robust immune infiltration, composed mainly of adaptive immune cells along with an increased density of CTLA-4+ and PD-1+ TILs, high PD-L1 tumor cell expression, and upregulation of FOXP3+ Tregs. A more immunosuppressive TIME with a predominance of innate immune cells and lower levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was observed in luminal androgen receptor (LAR) tumors. In mesenchymal stem-like (MSL) tumors, the TIME was mainly composed of innate immune cells, with a high number of M2 tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), while the BL and M tumors displayed poor adaptive and innate immune responses, indicating an "immune-cold" phenotype. Differential activation of signaling pathways, genomic diversity, and metabolic reprogramming were identified as contributors to TIME heterogeneity. Understanding this interplay is crucial for tailoring therapeutic strategies, especially regarding immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Syrnioti
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Stamatios Petousis
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.P.); (K.D.)
| | - Lisa A. Newman
- Department of Breast Surgery, New York Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Chrysoula Margioula-Siarkou
- MSc Program in Gynaecologic Oncology and Breast Oncology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Theodora Papamitsou
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Dinas
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.P.); (K.D.)
| | - Triantafyllia Koletsa
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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Shukla AK, Yoon S, Oh SO, Lee D, Ahn M, Kim BS. Advancement in Cancer Vasculogenesis Modeling through 3D Bioprinting Technology. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:306. [PMID: 38786516 PMCID: PMC11118135 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9050306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer vasculogenesis is a pivotal focus of cancer research and treatment given its critical role in tumor development, metastasis, and the formation of vasculogenic microenvironments. Traditional approaches to investigating cancer vasculogenesis face significant challenges in accurately modeling intricate microenvironments. Recent advancements in three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology present promising solutions to these challenges. This review provides an overview of cancer vasculogenesis and underscores the importance of precise modeling. It juxtaposes traditional techniques with 3D bioprinting technologies, elucidating the advantages of the latter in developing cancer vasculogenesis models. Furthermore, it explores applications in pathological investigations, preclinical medication screening for personalized treatment and cancer diagnostics, and envisages future prospects for 3D bioprinted cancer vasculogenesis models. Despite notable advancements, current 3D bioprinting techniques for cancer vasculogenesis modeling have several limitations. Nonetheless, by overcoming these challenges and with technological advances, 3D bioprinting exhibits immense potential for revolutionizing the understanding of cancer vasculogenesis and augmenting treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Kumar Shukla
- School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sik Yoon
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Sciences, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Immune Reconstitution Research Center of Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Ock Oh
- Research Center for Molecular Control of Cancer Cell Diversity, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjun Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjun Ahn
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Soo Kim
- School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
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7
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Yao Y, Shen Y, Yao JC, Zuo X. Editorial: New advancement in tumor microenvironment remodeling and cancer therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1384567. [PMID: 38516127 PMCID: PMC10955374 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1384567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yao
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Research Center for Precision Medicine of Cancer, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Guangzhou, China
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - James C. Yao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xiangsheng Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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8
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Wada F, Kamijo K, Shimomura Y, Yamashita D, Hara S, Ishikawa T. PD-1 expression on tumour-infiltrating cells is a prognostic factor for relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Immunology 2024; 171:224-234. [PMID: 37904615 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumour microenvironment (TME), which is modulated after immune-chemotherapy, is involved in tumour growth and metastasis. Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) expressed on tumour-infiltrating non-malignant cells plays an important role in the TME through the PD-1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) signalling pathway. However, its impact in patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains unclear. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study using tissue samples at relapse for patients with R/R DLBCL (n = 45) and evaluated the clinical impact of PD-1 expression on tumour-infiltrating non-malignant cells (microenvironmental PD-1, mPD-1). In addition, corresponding 27 samples at diagnosis were analysed to evaluate the changes in PD-1/PD-L1 expression in the TME after chemotherapy. RESULTS Patients with mPD-1+ DLBCL showed significantly better overall survival compared with patients with mPD-1- DLBCL (hazard ratio, 0.30, p = 0.03). Among patients with mPD-1- DLBCL, those positive for neoplastic or microenvironmental PD-L1 (nPD-L1+ or mPD-L1+ ) showed significantly worse outcomes. Microenvironmental PD-1 and PD-L1 expression has high correlation at relapse, although none was found at diagnosis. CONCLUSION We determined the clinical impact of microenvironmental PD-1 expression and its relationship with neoplastic or microenvironmental expression of PD-L1 in patients with R/R DLBCL. The expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in the TME dramatically changes during the chemotherapy. Therefore, evaluating TME at relapse, not at diagnosis is useful to predict the outcomes of R/R DLBCL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiya Wada
- Department of Hematology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kimimori Kamijo
- Department of Hematology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Shimomura
- Department of Hematology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Population Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamashita
- Department of Pathology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shigeo Hara
- Department of Pathology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ishikawa
- Department of Hematology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
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Jeon Y, Lim SH, Lee J, Kang WK, Jang JY, Jeong SY, Choi D, Kim ST. The role of ramucirumab plus paclitaxel as second-line therapy after failure of nivolumab plus doublet chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 14:2346-2353. [PMID: 38196521 PMCID: PMC10772697 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-23-598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Adding nivolumab to fluoropyrimidines and platinum agents has been considered a new standard first-line treatment in previously untreated human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative advanced gastric cancer (AGC). However, there were few data on the role of ramucirumab plus paclitaxel as second-line treatment after failure of nivolumab plus doublet chemotherapy. Herein, we analyzed the efficacy and safety of second-line ramucirumab plus paclitaxel in AGC patients refractory to nivolumab plus chemotherapy. Methods This analysis included AGC patients with ramucirumab plus paclitaxel as second-line therapy after failing to respond to nivolumab plus doublet chemotherapy [capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (XELOX) or 5-fluorouracil plus oxaliplatin (FOLFOX)] at Samsung Medical Center, Korea. Twenty patients who progressed on nivolumab plus chemotherapy as first-line therapy were treated with ramucirumab plus paclitaxel between December 2021 and September 2022. Results The median age was 56 (range, 24-76) years, and 13 (65.0%) were men. Of the 20 patients, 15 (75.0%) patients received nivolumab plus capecitabine, and oxaliplatin, while 5 (25.0%) patients received nivolumab plus 5-fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin. Two showed a partial response (PR) to ramucirumab plus paclitaxel, a response rate of 10%. Patients with stable disease (SD) accounted for a disease control rate (DCR) of 55.0%. The median progression-free survival (PFS) to ramucirumab plus paclitaxel was 2.7 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.7-3.7]. Subgroup analysis showed that responders (n=7) to first-line therapy had a PFS of 6.9 months compared to 2.3 months in non-responders (n=13) to first-line therapy. The median overall survival (OS) was 6.3 months (95% CI: 5.5-8.3), representing 6.9 months (95% CI: not calculated) in responders and 6.3 months (95% CI: 3.7-8.9) in non-responders (P=0.401). Conclusions This analysis suggested that ramucirumab plus paclitaxel as second-line therapy might be further studied in AGC patients after failure of nivolumab plus chemotherapy. A new second-line therapy is needed in AGC patients after nivolumab plus chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngkyung Jeon
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sung Hee Lim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeeyun Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Ki Kang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Yeon Jang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Young Jeong
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Daeho Choi
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Tae Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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10
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Challa K, Paysan D, Leiser D, Sauder N, Weber DC, Shivashankar GV. Imaging and AI based chromatin biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy evaluation from liquid biopsies. NPJ Precis Oncol 2023; 7:135. [PMID: 38092866 PMCID: PMC10719365 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00484-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple genomic and proteomic studies have suggested that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) respond to tumor secretomes and thus could provide possible avenues for tumor prognosis and treatment evaluation. We hypothesized that the chromatin organization of PBMCs obtained from liquid biopsies, which integrates secretome signals with gene expression programs, provides efficient biomarkers to characterize tumor signals and the efficacy of proton therapy in tumor patients. Here, we show that chromatin imaging of PBMCs combined with machine learning methods provides such robust and predictive chromatin biomarkers. We show that such chromatin biomarkers enable the classification of 10 healthy and 10 pan-tumor patients. Furthermore, we extended our pipeline to assess the tumor types and states of 30 tumor patients undergoing (proton) radiation therapy. We show that our pipeline can thereby accurately distinguish between three tumor groups with up to 89% accuracy and enables the monitoring of the treatment effects. Collectively, we show the potential of chromatin biomarkers for cancer diagnostics and therapy evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Challa
- Mechano-Genomic Group, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul-Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Paysan
- Mechano-Genomic Group, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul-Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominic Leiser
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul-Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Sauder
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul-Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Damien C Weber
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul-Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland.
- Department of Radio-Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Radio-Oncology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - G V Shivashankar
- Mechano-Genomic Group, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul-Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland.
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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11
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Zhang W, Xu L, Zhang X, Xu J, Jin JO. Escherichia coli adhesion portion FimH polarizes M2 macrophages to M1 macrophages in tumor microenvironment via toll-like receptor 4. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1213467. [PMID: 37720226 PMCID: PMC10502728 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1213467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Macrophages are key effector cells of innate immunity and play a critical role in the immune balance of disease pathogenesis, especially in the tumor microenvironment. In previous studies, we showed that FimH, an Escherichia coli adhesion portion, promoted dendritic cell activation. However, the effect of FimH in macrophage polarization has yet to be fully examined. In this study, we investigated the potential effect of FimH on macrophages, as well as the polarization from M2 to M1 macrophages, contributing to the overall antitumor effect. Methods Mouse bone marrow derived macrophages and peritoneal macrophages were generated to test the effect of FimH in vitro. The expression of costimulatory molecules and production of cytokines were analyzed. The effect of FimH in the tumor-associated macrophages was examine in the B16F10-tumor bearing C57BL/6. Results FimH was found to promote M1 macrophage activation. In addition, FimH polarized M2 macrophages, which were induced by interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 into M1 macrophages were dependent on toll-like receptor 4 and myeloid differentiation factor 2. Moreover, FimH reprogramed the tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) into M1 macrophages in B16 melanoma tumor-bearing mice and promoted an inflammatory reaction in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Furthermore, FimH promoted M1 macrophage activation, as well as the reversion of M2 macrophages into M1 macrophages in humans. Finally, FimH treatment was found to enhance the anti-cancer immunity of anti-PD-L1 antibody by the induction of M1 polarization from TAM. Conclusion This study demonstrated the potential effect of FimH on the activation of macrophages, responsible for the repolarization of M2 macrophages into the M1 phenotype via the TLR4 signaling pathway. Moreover, FimH could also reprogram TAM polarization to the M1 status in the TME, as well as enhance the anti-tumor activity of immune checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- The Laboratory for Immunotherapy, Clinical Center for BioTherapy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqing Xu
- The Laboratory for Immunotherapy, Clinical Center for BioTherapy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Dpartment of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Guven DC, Yekeduz E, Erul E, Yazgan SC, Sahin TK, Karatas G, Aksoy S, Erman M, Yalcin S, Urun Y, Kilickap S. The benefit of treatment beyond progression with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a multi-center retrospective cohort study. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:3599-3606. [PMID: 35960374 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04268-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Treatment beyond progression (TBP) with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is an evolving field due to the limitations of conventional imaging in response evaluation. However, real-life data on the benefit of TBP is scarce, especially from the limited resource settings and patients treated in the later lines. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the survival benefit of TBP with ICIs in patients with advanced tumors from a limited resource setting. METHODS For this multi-center retrospective cohort study, we included 282 patients treated with ICIs and had radiological progression according to RECIST 1.1 criteria. We evaluated post-progression survival according to the use of TBP (TBP and non-TBP groups) with univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS The cohort's median age was 61, and 84.4% were treated in the second or later lines. 82 (29.1%) of 282 patients continued on ICIs following the initial progression. In multivariate analyses, patients in the TBP group had improved post-progression survival compared to non-TBP (13.18 vs. 4.63 months, HR: 0.500, 95% CI: 0.349-0.717, p < 0.001). The benefit of the TBP was independent of the tumor type, treatment line, and age. Furthermore, TBP with ICIs remained associated with improved post-progression survival (HR: 0.600, 95% CI: 0.380-0.947, p = 0.028) after excluding the patients with no further treatment after progression in the non-TBP arm. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we observed that patients receiving ICIs beyond progression had considerably longer survival. Continuation of ICIs after progression should be considered a reasonable management option for patients with advanced cancer, specifically for patients with limited alternative options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Can Guven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Emre Yekeduz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Enes Erul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sati Coskun Yazgan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Taha Koray Sahin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gokturk Karatas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sercan Aksoy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Erman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Suayib Yalcin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yuksel Urun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Saadettin Kilickap
- Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Medical Oncology Unit, Liv Hospital Ankara, Ankara, Turkey
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Valerio TI, Furrer CL, Sadeghipour N, Patrock SJX, Tillery SA, Hoover AR, Liu K, Chen WR. Immune modulations of the tumor microenvironment in response to phototherapy. JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE OPTICAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2023; 16:2330007. [PMID: 38550850 PMCID: PMC10976517 DOI: 10.1142/s1793545823300070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) promotes pro-tumor and anti-inflammatory metabolisms and suppresses the host immune system. It prevents immune cells from fighting against cancer effectively, resulting in limited efficacy of many current cancer treatment modalities. Different therapies aim to overcome the immunosuppressive TME by combining various approaches to synergize their effects for enhanced anti-tumor activity and augmented stimulation of the immune system. Immunotherapy has become a major therapeutic strategy because it unleashes the power of the immune system by activating, enhancing, and directing immune responses to prevent, control, and eliminate cancer. Phototherapy uses light irradiation to induce tumor cell death through photothermal, photochemical, and photo-immunological interactions. Phototherapy induces tumor immunogenic cell death, which is a precursor and enhancer for anti-tumor immunity. However, phototherapy alone has limited effects on long-term and systemic anti-tumor immune responses. Phototherapy can be combined with immunotherapy to improve the tumoricidal effect by killing target tumor cells, enhancing immune cell infiltration in tumors, and rewiring pathways in the TME from anti-inflammatory to pro-inflammatory. Phototherapy-enhanced immunotherapy triggers effective cooperation between innate and adaptive immunities, specifically targeting the tumor cells, whether they are localized or distant. Herein, the successes and limitations of phototherapy combined with other cancer treatment modalities will be discussed. Specifically, we will review the synergistic effects of phototherapy combined with different cancer therapies on tumor elimination and remodeling of the immunosuppressive TME. Overall, phototherapy, in combination with other therapeutic modalities, can establish anti-tumor pro-inflammatory phenotypes in activated tumor-infiltrating T cells and B cells and activate systemic anti-tumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha I. Valerio
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Coline L. Furrer
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Negar Sadeghipour
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Sophia-Joy X. Patrock
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Sayre A. Tillery
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Ashley R. Hoover
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Kaili Liu
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Wei R. Chen
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
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14
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Liu Y, Lu S, Sun Y, Wang F, Yu S, Chen X, Wu LL, Yang H, Shi Y, Zhao K. Deciphering the role of QPCTL in glioma progression and cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1166377. [PMID: 37063864 PMCID: PMC10090505 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1166377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundGlioma is the most lethal and most aggressive brain cancer, and currently there is no effective treatment. Cancer immunotherapy is an advanced therapy by manipulating immune cells to attack cancer cells and it has been studied a lot in glioma treatment. Targeting the immune checkpoint CD47 or blocking the CD47-SIRPα axis can effectively eliminate glioma cancer cells but also brings side effects such as anemia. Glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase-like protein (QPCTL) catalyzes the pyroglutamylation of CD47 and is crucial for the binding between CD47 and SIRPα. Further study found that loss of intracellular QPCTL limits chemokine function and reshapes myeloid infiltration to augment tumor immunity. However, the role of QPCTL in glioma and the relationship between its expression and clinical outcomes remains unclear. Deciphering the role of QPCTL in glioma will provide a promising therapy for glioma cancer immunotherapy.MethodsQPCTL expression in glioma tissues and normal adjacent tissues was primarily analyzed in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and further validated in another independent cohort from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), and Human Protein Atlas (HPA). The relationships between QPCTL expression and clinicopathologic parameters and overall survival (OS) were assessed using multivariate methods and Kaplan-Meier survival curves. And the proteins network with which QPCTL interacted was built using the online STRING website. Meanwhile, we use Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) databases to investigate the relationships between QPCTL expression and infiltrated immune cells and their corresponding gene marker sets. We analyzed the Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) including GO/KEGG and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) based on QPCTL-high and -low expression tumors.ResultsIn contrast to normal tissue, QPCTL expression was higher in glioma tumor tissue (p < 0.05). Higher QPCTL expression was closely associated with high-grade malignancy and advanced tumor stage. Univariate and multivariate analysis indicated the overall survival of glioma patients with higher QPCTL expression is shorter than those with lower QPCTL expression (p < 0.05). Glioma with QPCTL deficiency presented the paucity of infiltrated immune cells and their matching marker sets. Moreover, QPCTL is essential for glioma cell proliferation and tumor growth and is a positive correlation with glioma cell stemness.ConclusionHigh QPCTL expression predicts high grades of gliomas and poor prognosis with impaired infiltration of adaptive immune cells in the tumor microenvironment as well as higher cancer stemness. Moreover, targeting QPCTL will be a promising immunotherapy in glioma cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu’e Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Kaijun Zhao, ; Yufeng Shi, ; Yu’e Liu,
| | - Shaojuan Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihong Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Pudong Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shibo Yu
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lei-lei Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufeng Shi
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Clinical Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Kaijun Zhao, ; Yufeng Shi, ; Yu’e Liu,
| | - Kaijun Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Kaijun Zhao, ; Yufeng Shi, ; Yu’e Liu,
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Minagawa H, Hashii Y, Nakajima H, Fujiki F, Morimoto S, Nakata J, Shirakawa T, Katayama T, Tsuboi A, Ozono K. Enhanced antitumor activity of a novel, oral, helper epitope-containing WT1 protein vaccine in a model of murine leukemia. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:167. [PMID: 36803483 PMCID: PMC9940413 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10547-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) oral vaccine, Bifidobacterium longum (B. longum) 420, in which the bacterium is used as a vector for WT1 protein, triggers immune responses through cellular immunity consisting of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and other immunocompetent cells (e.g., helper T cells). We developed a novel, oral, helper epitope-containing WT1 protein vaccine (B. longum 2656) to examine whether or not B. longum 420/2656 combination further accelerates the CD4+ T cell help-enhanced antitumor activity in a model of murine leukemia. METHODS C1498-murine WT1-a genetically-engineered, murine leukemia cell line to express murine WT1-was used as tumor cell. Female C57BL/6 J mice were allocated to the B. longum 420, 2656, and 420/2656 combination groups. The day of subcutaneous inoculation of tumor cells was considered as day 0, and successful engraftment was verified on day 7. The oral administration of the vaccine by gavage was initiated on day 8. Tumor volume, the frequency and phenotypes of WT1-specific CTLs in CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood (PB) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), as well as the proportion of interferon-gamma (INF-γ)-producing CD3+CD4+ T cells pulsed with WT135-52 peptide in splenocytes and TILs were determined. RESULTS Tumor volume was significantly smaller (p < 0.01) in the B. longum 420/2656 combination group than in the B. longum 420 group on day 24. WT1-specific CTL frequency in CD8+ T cells in PB was significantly greater in the B. longum 420/2656 combination group than in the B. longum 420 group at weeks 4 (p < 0.05) and 6 (p < 0.01). The proportion of WT1-specific, effector memory CTLs in PB increased significantly in the B. longum 420/2656 combination group than in the B. longum 420 group at weeks 4 and 6 (p < 0.05 each). WT1-specific CTL frequency in intratumoral CD8+ T cells and the proportion of IFN-γ-producing CD3+CD4+ T cells in intratumoral CD4+ T cells increased significantly (p < 0.05 each) in the B. longum 420/2656 combination group than in the 420 group. CONCLUSIONS B. longum 420/2656 combination further accelerated antitumor activity that relies on WT1-specific CTLs in the tumor compared with B. longum 420.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Minagawa
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Hashii
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan. .,Department of Pediatrics, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Hiroko Nakajima
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Fujiki
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Soyoko Morimoto
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Jun Nakata
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Toshiro Shirakawa
- grid.31432.370000 0001 1092 3077Kobe University Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation JP, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takane Katayama
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tsuboi
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ozono
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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16
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Muthukutty P, Woo HY, Ragothaman M, Yoo SY. Recent Advances in Cancer Immunotherapy Delivery Modalities. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020504. [PMID: 36839825 PMCID: PMC9967630 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is crucial in fighting cancer and achieving successful remission. Many novel strategies have recently developed, but there are still some obstacles to overcome before we can effectively attack the cancer cells and decimate the cancer environment by inducing a cascade of immune responses. To successfully demonstrate antitumor activity, immune cells must be delivered to cancer cells and exposed to the immune system. Such cutting-edge technology necessitates meticulously designed delivery methods with no loss or superior homing onto cancer environments, as well as high therapeutic efficacy and fewer adverse events. In this paper, we discuss recent advances in cancer immunotherapy delivery techniques, as well as their future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palaniyandi Muthukutty
- BIO-IT Foundry Technology Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Young Woo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Murali Ragothaman
- BIO-IT Foundry Technology Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Yoo
- BIO-IT Foundry Technology Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +82-51-510-3402
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17
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Jiang R, Cao M, Mei S, Guo S, Zhang W, Ji N, Zhao Z. Trends in metabolic signaling pathways of tumor drug resistance: A scientometric analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:981406. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.981406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundCancer chemotherapy resistance is one of the most critical obstacles in cancer therapy. Since Warburg O first observed alterations in cancer metabolism in the 1950s, people gradually found tumor metabolism pathways play a fundamental role in regulating the response to chemotherapeutic drugs, and the attempts of targeting tumor energetics have shown promising preclinical outcomes in recent years. This study aimed to summarize the knowledge structure and identify emerging trends and potential hotspots in metabolic signaling pathways of tumor drug resistance research.MethodsPublications related to metabolic signaling pathways of tumor drug resistance published from 1992 to 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. The document type was set to articles or reviews with language restriction to English. Two different scientometric software including Citespace and VOS viewer were used to conduct this scientometric analysis.ResultsA total of 2,537 publications including 1,704 articles and 833 reviews were retrieved in the final analysis. The USA made the most contributions to this field. The leading institution was the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. Avan A was the most productive author, and Hanahan D was the key researcher with the most co-citations, but there is no leader in this field yet. Cancers was the most influential academic journal, and Oncology was the most popular research field. Based on keywords occurrence analysis, these selected keywords could be roughly divided into five main topics: cluster 1 (study of cancer cell apoptosis pathway); cluster 2 (study of resistance mechanisms of different cancer types); cluster 3 (study of cancer stem cells); cluster 4 (study of tumor oxidative stress and inflammation signaling pathways); and cluster 5 (study of autophagy). The keywords burst detection identified several keywords as new research hotspots, including “tumor microenvironment,” “invasion,” and “target”.ConclusionTumor metabolic reprogramming of drug resistance research is advancing rapidly. This study serves as a starting point, providing a thorough overview, the development landscape, and future opportunities in this field.
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Labrie M, Brugge JS, Mills GB, Zervantonakis IK. Therapy resistance: opportunities created by adaptive responses to targeted therapies in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:323-339. [PMID: 35264777 PMCID: PMC9149051 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-022-00454-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Normal cells explore multiple states to survive stresses encountered during development and self-renewal as well as environmental stresses such as starvation, DNA damage, toxins or infection. Cancer cells co-opt normal stress mitigation pathways to survive stresses that accompany tumour initiation, progression, metastasis and immune evasion. Cancer therapies accentuate cancer cell stresses and invoke rapid non-genomic stress mitigation processes that maintain cell viability and thus represent key targetable resistance mechanisms. In this Review, we describe mechanisms by which tumour ecosystems, including cancer cells, immune cells and stroma, adapt to therapeutic stresses and describe three different approaches to exploit stress mitigation processes: (1) interdict stress mitigation to induce cell death; (2) increase stress to induce cellular catastrophe; and (3) exploit emergent vulnerabilities in cancer cells and cells of the tumour microenvironment. We review challenges associated with tumour heterogeneity, prioritizing actionable adaptive responses for optimal therapeutic outcomes, and development of an integrative framework to identify and target vulnerabilities that arise from adaptive responses and engagement of stress mitigation pathways. Finally, we discuss the need to monitor adaptive responses across multiple scales and translation of combination therapies designed to take advantage of adaptive responses and stress mitigation pathways to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyne Labrie
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Joan S Brugge
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ludwig Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ioannis K Zervantonakis
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Liu Y, Beeraka NM, Liu J, Chen K, Song B, Song Z, Luo J, Liu Y, Zheng A, Cui Y, Wang Y, Jia Z, Song X, Wang X, Wang H, Qi X, Ren J, Wu L, Cai J, Fang X, Wang X, Sinelnikov MY, Nikolenko VN, Greeshma MV, Fan R. Comparative clinical studies of primary chemoradiotherapy versus S-1 and nedaplatin chemotherapy against stage IVb oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a multicentre open-label randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e055273. [PMID: 35470188 PMCID: PMC9039379 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most commonly occurring devastating tumours worldwide, including in China. To date, the standard care of patients with stage IV OSCC is systemic chemotherapy and palliative care, which results in poor prognosis. However, no consensus has been established regarding the role of radiotherapy in targeting the primary tumour in patients with stage IVa OSCC. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of primary radiotherapy combined with S-1 and nedaplatin (NPD) chemotherapy in the patients with stage IV OSCC. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The study is a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial. A total of 180 eligible patients with stage IV OSCC will be randomised into a study group (90 patients) and a control group (90 patients). Patients in the study group will receive radiotherapy to the primary tumour at a dose of 50.4 Gy combined with 4-6 cycles of S-1 and NPD chemotherapy. In the control group, patients will only receive 4-6 cycles of S-1 and NPD chemotherapy. The primary and secondary outcomes will be measured. The differences between the two groups will be statistically analysed with regard to overall survival, the progression-free survival and safety. All outcomes will be ascertained before treatment, after treatment and after the follow-up period.The results of this study will provide evidence on the role of radiotherapy in patients with stage IV OSCC in China, which will show new options for patients with advanced oesophageal cancer. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of The First Hospital Affiliated of Zhengzhou University (approval number: SS-2018-04). TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial has been registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1800015765) on 1 November 2018; retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital/Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 230001, P.R. China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Narasimha M Beeraka
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Sechenov University, Moskva, Moskva, Russian Federation
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), JSS Medical College, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Junqi Liu
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kuo Chen
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Oncology, The Xinyang Central Hospital, Xinyang, China
| | - Zhang Song
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianchao Luo
- Department of Oncology, The Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Anping Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anyang Cancer Hospital, Anyang, China
| | - Yanhui Cui
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Nanyang Central Hospital, Nanyang, China
| | - Zhenhe Jia
- Department of Oncology, The Xixia County People's Hospital, xixia, China
| | - Xiangyu Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Linzhou People's Hospital, Linzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Hongqi Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, General Hospital of Pingmei Shenma Medical Group Pingdingshan 467000, Pingmei, China
| | - Xuefeng Qi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Linying County People's Hospital, Linying, China
| | - Jinshan Ren
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang, China
| | - Liping Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jixing Cai
- Department of Radiation oncology, the Linzhou Cancer Hospital, 456550, P.R, Linzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xainying Fang
- Department of Oncology, The Xinyang Central Hospital, Xinyang, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mikhail Y Sinelnikov
- Department of Human Anatomy, Sechenov University, Moskva, Moskva, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir N Nikolenko
- Department of Human Anatomy, Sechenov University, Moskva, Moskva, Russian Federation
- Department of Human anatomy, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - M V Greeshma
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), JSS Medical College, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ruitai Fan
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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20
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Dacheux MA, Lee SC, Shin Y, Norman DD, Lin KH, E S, Yue J, Benyó Z, Tigyi GJ. Prometastatic Effect of ATX Derived from Alveolar Type II Pneumocytes and B16-F10 Melanoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061586. [PMID: 35326737 PMCID: PMC8946623 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although metastases are the principal cause of cancer-related deaths, the molecular aspects of the role of stromal cells in the establishment of the metastatic niche remain poorly understood. One of the most prevalent sites for cancer metastasis is the lungs. According to recent research, lung stromal cells such as bronchial epithelial cells and resident macrophages secrete autotaxin (ATX), an enzyme with lysophospholipase D activity that promotes cancer progression. In fact, several studies have shown that many cell types in the lung stroma could provide a rich source of ATX in diseases. In the present study, we sought to determine whether ATX derived from alveolar type II epithelial (ATII) pneumocytes could modulate the progression of lung metastasis, which has not been evaluated previously. To accomplish this, we used the B16-F10 syngeneic melanoma model, which readily metastasizes to the lungs when injected intravenously. Because B16-F10 cells express high levels of ATX, we used the CRISPR-Cas9 technology to knock out the ATX gene in B16-F10 cells, eliminating the contribution of tumor-derived ATX in lung metastasis. Next, we used the inducible Cre/loxP system (Sftpc-CreERT2/Enpp2fl/fl) to generate conditional knockout (KO) mice in which ATX is specifically deleted in ATII cells (i.e., Sftpc-KO). Injection of ATX-KO B16-F10 cells into Sftpc-KO or Sftpc-WT control littermates allowed us to investigate the specific contribution of ATII-derived ATX in lung metastasis. We found that targeted KO of ATX in ATII cells significantly reduced the metastatic burden of ATX-KO B16-F10 cells by 30% (unpaired t-test, p = 0.028) compared to Sftpc-WT control mice, suggesting that ATX derived from ATII cells could affect the metastatic progression. We detected upregulated levels of cytokines such as IFNγ (unpaired t-test, p < 0.0001) and TNFα (unpaired t-test, p = 0.0003), which could favor the increase in infiltrating CD8+ T cells observed in the tumor regions of Sftpc-KO mice. Taken together, our results highlight the contribution of host ATII cells as a stromal source of ATX in the progression of melanoma lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie A. Dacheux
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (M.A.D.); (S.C.L.); (Y.S.); (D.D.N.); (K.-H.L.)
| | - Sue Chin Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (M.A.D.); (S.C.L.); (Y.S.); (D.D.N.); (K.-H.L.)
| | - Yoojin Shin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (M.A.D.); (S.C.L.); (Y.S.); (D.D.N.); (K.-H.L.)
| | - Derek D. Norman
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (M.A.D.); (S.C.L.); (Y.S.); (D.D.N.); (K.-H.L.)
| | - Kuan-Hung Lin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (M.A.D.); (S.C.L.); (Y.S.); (D.D.N.); (K.-H.L.)
| | - Shuyu E
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (S.E.); (J.Y.)
| | - Junming Yue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (S.E.); (J.Y.)
| | - Zoltán Benyó
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1428 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Gábor J. Tigyi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (M.A.D.); (S.C.L.); (Y.S.); (D.D.N.); (K.-H.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-901-448-4793
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21
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Chen Q, Chen AZ, Jia G, Li J, Zheng C, Chen K. Molecular Imaging of Tumor Microenvironment to Assess the Effects of Locoregional Treatment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Hepatol Commun 2021; 6:652-664. [PMID: 34738743 PMCID: PMC8948593 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide. Among all primary liver cancers, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type, representing 75%‐85% of all primary liver cancer cases. Median survival following diagnosis of HCC is approximately 6 to 20 months due to late diagnosis in its course and few effective treatment options. Interventional therapy with minimal invasiveness is recognized as a promising treatment for HCC. However, due to the heterogeneity of HCC and the complexity of the tumor microenvironment, the long‐term efficacy of treatment for HCC remains a challenge in the clinic. Tumor microenvironment, including factors such as hypoxia, angiogenesis, low extracellular pH, interstitial fluid pressure, aerobic glycolysis, and various immune responses, has emerged as a key contributor to tumor residual and progression after locoregional treatment for HCC. New approaches to noninvasively assess the treatment response and assist in the clinical decision‐making process are therefore urgently needed. Molecular imaging tools enabling such an assessment may significantly advance clinical practice by allowing real‐time optimization of treatment protocols for the individual patient. This review discusses recent advances in the application of molecular imaging technologies for noninvasively assessing changes occurring in the microenvironment of HCC after locoregional treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Chen
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Austin Z Chen
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Guorong Jia
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jindian Li
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chuansheng Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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22
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Muñoz R, Girotti A, Hileeto D, Arias FJ. Metronomic Anti-Cancer Therapy: A Multimodal Therapy Governed by the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215414. [PMID: 34771577 PMCID: PMC8582362 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Metronomic chemotherapy with different mechanisms of action against cancer cells and their microenvironment represents an exceptional holistic cancer treatment. Each type of tumor has its own characteristics, including each individual tumor in each patient. Understanding the complexity of the dynamic interactions that take place between tumor and stromal cells and the microenvironment in tumor progression and metastases, as well as the response of the host and the tumor itself to anticancer therapy, will allow therapeutic actions with long-lasting effects to be implemented using metronomic regimens. This study aims to highlight the complexity of cellular interactions in the tumor microenvironment and summarize some of the preclinical and clinical results that explain the multimodality of metronomic therapy, which, together with its low toxicity, supports an inhibitory effect on the primary tumor and metastases. We also highlight the possible use of nano-therapeutic agents as good partners for metronomic chemotherapy. Abstract The concept of cancer as a systemic disease, and the therapeutic implications of this, has gained special relevance. This concept encompasses the interactions between tumor and stromal cells and their microenvironment in the complex setting of primary tumors and metastases. These factors determine cellular co-evolution in time and space, contribute to tumor progression, and could counteract therapeutic effects. Additionally, cancer therapies can induce cellular and molecular responses in the tumor and host that allow them to escape therapy and promote tumor progression. In this study, we describe the vascular network, tumor-infiltrated immune cells, and cancer-associated fibroblasts as sources of heterogeneity and plasticity in the tumor microenvironment, and their influence on cancer progression. We also discuss tumor and host responses to the chemotherapy regimen, at the maximum tolerated dose, mainly targeting cancer cells, and a multimodal metronomic chemotherapy approach targeting both cancer cells and their microenvironment. In a combination therapy context, metronomic chemotherapy exhibits antimetastatic efficacy with low toxicity but is not exempt from resistance mechanisms. As such, a better understanding of the interactions between the components of the tumor microenvironment could improve the selection of drug combinations and schedules, as well as the use of nano-therapeutic agents against certain malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Muñoz
- Department of Biochemistry, Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Smart Biodevices for NanoMed Group, University of Valladolid, LUCIA Building, Paseo de Belén, 47011 Valladolid, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessandra Girotti
- BIOFORGE (Group for Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology), University of Valladolid, CIBER-BBN, LUCIA Building, Paseo de Belén, 47011 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Denise Hileeto
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 361, Canada;
| | - Francisco Javier Arias
- Smart Biodevices for NanoMed Group, University of Valladolid, LUCIA Building, Paseo de Belén, 47011 Valladolid, Spain;
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23
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Improvement in Redox Homeostasis after Cytoreductive Surgery in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8864905. [PMID: 34381561 PMCID: PMC8352694 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8864905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) as one the most common cancer type is associated with oxidative stress. Surgery is the only curative modality for early-stage CRC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oxidative damage biomarkers as well as enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants in patients with CRC before and after tumor resection and in healthy controls. 60 patients with stage I/II colorectal adenocarcinoma and 43 healthy controls were recruited in this study. We measured plasma levels of oxidative damage biomarkers, including advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), malondialdehyde (MDA), and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) at baseline and after tumor removal. We also evaluated the plasma activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) as enzymatic antioxidants and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay for nonenzymatic antioxidant capacity. Patients with CRC had significantly higher AGE, AOPP, MDA, and ox-LDL and also FRAP levels and higher SOD and GPx and lower CAT activity levels compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05). We did not observe any statistically significant correlation between redox biomarkers and the size and stage of the tumor. AGEs (72.49 ± 4.7 vs. 67.93 ± 8.8, p < 0.001), AOPP (137.64 ± 21.9 vs. 119.08 ± 33.1, p < 0.001), MDA (3.56 ± 0.30 vs. 3.05 ± 0.33, p < 0.001), and ox-LDL (19.78 ± 0.97 vs. 16.94 ± 1.02, p < 0.001) concentrations reduced significantly after tumor removal. The largest effect sizes were found in ox-LDL (d = -2.853, 95% CI 2.50-3.19) and MDA (d = -1.617, 95% CI 0.43-0.57). Serum FRAP levels (1097.5 ± 156.7 vs. 1239.3 ± 290, p < 0.001) and CAT (2.34 ± 0.34 vs. 2.63 ± 0.38, p < 0.001), GPx (102.37 ± 6.58 vs. 108.03 ± 6.95, p < 0.001), and SOD (5.13 ± 0.39 vs. 5.53 ± 0.31, p < 0.001) activity levels increased significantly after surgery. The largest effect sizes among antioxidants were seen in SOD (d = 1.135, 95% CI 0.46-0.34) and GPx (d = 0.836, 95% CI 0.35-0.23). This study indicated that patients with colorectal cancer had higher levels of oxidative stress and antioxidant activity compared to healthy controls. After surgical resection of tumor, we observed a substantial improvement in redox homeostasis.
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Adelani IB, Rotimi OA, Maduagwu EN, Rotimi SO. Vitamin D: Possible Therapeutic Roles in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:642653. [PMID: 34113565 PMCID: PMC8185231 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.642653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a unique type of liver cancer instigated by underlying liver diseases. Pre-clinical evidence suggests that HCC progression, like other cancers, could be aided by vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D is a lipid-soluble hormone usually obtained through sunlight. Vitamin D elucidates its biological responses by binding the vitamin D receptor; thus, promoting skeletal mineralization, and maintain calcium homeostasis. Other reported Vitamin D functions include specific roles in proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, inflammation, and cell differentiation. This review highlighted studies on vitamin D's functional roles in HCC and discussed the specific therapeutic targets from various in vivo, in vitro and clinical studies over the years. Furthermore, it described recent advancements in vitamin D's anticancer effects and its metabolizing enzymes' roles in HCC development. In summary, the review elucidated specific vitamin D-associated target genes that play critical functions in the inhibition of tumorigenesis through inflammation, oxidative stress, invasion, and apoptosis in HCC progression.
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25
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Metabolic Classification and Intervention Opportunities for Tumor Energy Dysfunction. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11050264. [PMID: 33922558 PMCID: PMC8146396 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive view of cell metabolism provides a new vision of cancer, conceptualized as tissue with cellular-altered metabolism and energetic dysfunction, which can shed light on pathophysiological mechanisms. Cancer is now considered a heterogeneous ecosystem, formed by tumor cells and the microenvironment, which is molecularly, phenotypically, and metabolically reprogrammable. A wealth of evidence confirms metabolic reprogramming activity as the minimum common denominator of cancer, grouping together a wide variety of aberrations that can affect any of the different metabolic pathways involved in cell physiology. This forms the basis for a new proposed classification of cancer according to the altered metabolic pathway(s) and degree of energy dysfunction. Enhanced understanding of the metabolic reprogramming pathways of fatty acids, amino acids, carbohydrates, hypoxia, and acidosis can bring about new therapeutic intervention possibilities from a metabolic perspective of cancer.
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26
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Lee YH, Yu CF, Yang YC, Hong JH, Chiang CS. Ablative Radiotherapy Reprograms the Tumor Microenvironment of a Pancreatic Tumor in Favoring the Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2091. [PMID: 33669885 PMCID: PMC7923299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The low overall survival rate of patients with pancreatic cancer has driven research to seek a new therapeutic protocol. Radiotherapy (RT) is frequently an option in the neoadjuvant or palliative settings for pancreatic cancer treatment. This study explored the effect of RT protocols on the tumor microenvironment (TME) and their consequent impact on anti-programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) therapy. Using a murine orthotopic pancreatic tumor model, UN-KC-6141, RT-disturbed TME was examined by immunohistochemical staining. The results showed that ablative RT is more effective than fractionated RT at recruiting T cells. On the other hand, fractionated RT induces more myeloid-derived suppressor cell infiltration than ablative RT. The RT-disturbed TME presents a higher perfusion rate per vessel. The increase in vessel perfusion is associated with a higher amount of anti-PD-L1 antibody being delivered to the tumor. Animal survival is increased by anti-PD-L1 therapy after ablative RT, with 67% of treated animals surviving more than 30 days after tumor inoculation compared to a median survival time of 16.5 days for the control group. Splenocytes isolated from surviving animals were specifically cytotoxic for UN-KC-6141 cells. We conclude that the ablative RT-induced TME is more suited than conventional RT-induced TME to combination therapy with immune checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Fang Yu
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiologic Research, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan; (C.-F.Y.); (J.-H.H.)
| | - Ying-Chieh Yang
- Radiation Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu City 300195, Taiwan;
| | - Ji-Hong Hong
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiologic Research, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan; (C.-F.Y.); (J.-H.H.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Shiun Chiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
- Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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