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Wang X, An J, Cao T, Guo M, Han F. Application of Biosurfactants in Medical Sciences. Molecules 2024; 29:2606. [PMID: 38893481 PMCID: PMC11173561 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Biosurfactants derived from microorganisms have attracted widespread attention in scientific research due to their unique surface activity, low toxicity, biodegradability, antibacterial properties, and stability under extreme conditions. Biosurfactants are widely used in many fields, such as medicine, agriculture, and environmental protection. Therefore, this review aims to comprehensively review and analyze the various applications of biosurfactants in the medical field. The central roles of biosurfactants in crucial medical areas are explored, like drug delivery, induction of tumor cell differentiation or death, treating bacterial and viral effects, healing wounds, and immune regulation. Moreover, a new outlook is introduced on optimizing the capabilities of biosurfactants through modification and gene recombination for better use in medicine. The current research challenges and future research directions are described, aiming to provide valuable insights for continuous study of biosurfactants in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fu Han
- School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (X.W.); (J.A.); (T.C.); (M.G.)
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Miao Y, To MH, Siddiqui MA, Wang H, Lodens S, Chopra SS, Kaur G, Roelants SLKW, Lin CSK. Sustainable biosurfactant production from secondary feedstock-recent advances, process optimization and perspectives. Front Chem 2024; 12:1327113. [PMID: 38312346 PMCID: PMC10834756 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1327113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Biosurfactants have garnered increased attention lately due to their superiority of their properties over fossil-derived counterparts. While the cost of production remains a significant hurdle to surpass synthetic surfactants, biosurfactants have been anticipated to gain a larger market share in the coming decades. Among these, glycolipids, a type of low-molecular-weight biosurfactant, stand out for their efficacy in reducing surface and interfacial tension, which made them highly sought-after for various surfactant-related applications. Glycolipids are composed of hydrophilic carbohydrate moieties linked to hydrophobic fatty acid chains through ester bonds that mainly include rhamnolipids, trehalose lipids, sophorolipids, and mannosylerythritol lipids. This review highlights the current landscape of glycolipids and covers specific glycolipid productivity and the diverse range of products found in the global market. Applications such as bioremediation, food processing, petroleum refining, biomedical uses, and increasing agriculture output have been discussed. Additionally, the latest advancements in production cost reduction for glycolipid and the challenges of utilizing second-generation feedstocks for sustainable production are also thoroughly examined. Overall, this review proposes a balance between environmental advantages, economic viability, and societal benefits through the optimized integration of secondary feedstocks in biosurfactant production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Miao
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China
| | - Ming Ho To
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China
| | - Muhammad Ahmar Siddiqui
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China
- Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, China
| | - Huaimin Wang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
| | - Sofie Lodens
- Bio Base Europe Pilot Plant, Ghent, Belgium
- Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis (InBio.be), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Shauhrat S Chopra
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China
| | - Guneet Kaur
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Sophie L K W Roelants
- Bio Base Europe Pilot Plant, Ghent, Belgium
- Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis (InBio.be), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carol Sze Ki Lin
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China
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Ceresa C, Fracchia L, Sansotera AC, De Rienzo MAD, Banat IM. Harnessing the Potential of Biosurfactants for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2156. [PMID: 37631370 PMCID: PMC10457971 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Biosurfactants (BSs) are microbial compounds that have emerged as potential alternatives to chemical surfactants due to their multifunctional properties, sustainability and biodegradability. Owing to their amphipathic nature and distinctive structural arrangement, biosurfactants exhibit a range of physicochemical properties, including excellent surface activity, efficient critical micelle concentration, humectant properties, foaming and cleaning abilities and the capacity to form microemulsions. Furthermore, numerous biosurfactants display additional biological characteristics, such as antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral effects, and antioxidant, anticancer and immunomodulatory activities. Over the past two decades, numerous studies have explored their potential applications, including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents, wound healing, anticancer treatments, immune system modulators and drug/gene carriers. These applications are particularly important in addressing challenges such as antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formations in clinical, hygiene and therapeutic settings. They can also serve as coating agents for surfaces, enabling antiadhesive, suppression, or eradication strategies. Not least importantly, biosurfactants have shown compatibility with various drug formulations, including nanoparticles, liposomes, micro- and nanoemulsions and hydrogels, improving drug solubility, stability and bioavailability, and enabling a targeted and controlled drug release. These qualities make biosurfactants promising candidates for the development of next-generation antimicrobial, antibiofilm, anticancer, wound-healing, immunomodulating, drug or gene delivery agents, as well as adjuvants to other antibiotics. Analysing the most recent literature, this review aims to update the present understanding, highlight emerging trends, and identify promising directions and advancements in the utilization of biosurfactants within the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ceresa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.C.); (L.F.); (A.C.S.)
| | - Letizia Fracchia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.C.); (L.F.); (A.C.S.)
| | - Andrea Chiara Sansotera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.C.); (L.F.); (A.C.S.)
| | | | - Ibrahim M. Banat
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Group, Biomedical Science Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
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Adu SA, Twigg MS, Naughton PJ, Marchant R, Banat IM. Glycolipid Biosurfactants in Skincare Applications: Challenges and Recommendations for Future Exploitation. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114463. [PMID: 37298939 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The 21st century has seen a substantial increase in the industrial applications of glycolipid biosurfactant technology. The market value of the glycolipid class of molecules, sophorolipids, was estimated to be USD 409.84 million in 2021, with that of rhamnolipid molecules projected to reach USD 2.7 billion by 2026. In the skincare industry, sophorolipid and rhamnolipid biosurfactants have demonstrated the potential to offer a natural, sustainable, and skin-compatible alternative to synthetically derived surfactant compounds. However, there are still many barriers to the wide-scale market adoption of glycolipid technology. These barriers include low product yield (particularly for rhamnolipids) and potential pathogenicity of some native glycolipid-producing microorganisms. Additionally, the use of impure preparations and/or poorly characterised congeners as well as low-throughput methodologies in the safety and bioactivity assessment of sophorolipids and rhamnolipids challenges their increased utilisation in both academic research and skincare applications. This review considers the current trend towards the utilisation of sophorolipid and rhamnolipid biosurfactants as substitutes to synthetically derived surfactant molecules in skincare applications, the challenges associated with their application, and relevant solutions proposed by the biotechnology industry. In addition, we recommend experimental techniques/methodologies, which, if employed, could contribute significantly to increasing the acceptance of glycolipid biosurfactants for use in skincare applications while maintaining consistency in biosurfactant research outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simms A Adu
- The Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Matthew S Twigg
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Group, Biomedical Science Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Patrick J Naughton
- The Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Roger Marchant
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Group, Biomedical Science Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Ibrahim M Banat
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Group, Biomedical Science Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
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Hu Y, Wen Q, Cai Y, Liu Y, Ma W, Li Q, Song F, Guo Y, Zhu L, Ge J, Zeng Q, Wang J, Yin C, Zheng G, Ge M. Alantolactone induces concurrent apoptosis and GSDME-dependent pyroptosis of anaplastic thyroid cancer through ROS mitochondria-dependent caspase pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 108:154528. [PMID: 36343549 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the fatal cancers and has not effective treatments. Alantolactone (ATL), a terpenoid extracted from traditional Chinese medicinal herb Inula helenium L., confers significant anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antitumor activity. However, the activity and mechanisms of ATL in ATC remain unclear. PURPOSE To investigate the potential anti-ATC effects in vitro and in vivo and the mechanisms involved. METHODS The anti-proliferative activity of Alantolactone (ATL) against ATC cells was analyzed through CCK-8 and colony formation assays. Flow cytometry assay was performed to assess the cell cycle, cell apoptosis, ROS, and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), whereas the cellular localization of cytochrome c and calreticulin were determined using cellular immunofluorescence assays. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme activity in the cell culture medium was measured using a commercial LDH kit, whereas ELISA was conducted to assess the secretory function of IL-1β. Western blot assays were conducted to determine the expression or regulation of proteins associated with apoptosis and pyroptosis. Subcutaneous tumor model of nude mice was established to evaluate the anticancer activity of ATL in vivo. The expression of Ki67, cyclin B1, cleaved-PARP, cleaved-caspase 3, and IL-1β in the animal tumor tissues was profiled using immunohistochemistry analyses. RESULTS Our data showed that ATL significantly inhibited the proliferation and colony formation activity of ATC cells. ATL induced ATC cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, and downregulated the expression of cyclin B1 and CDC2. Furthermore, ATL induced concurrent apoptosis and pyroptosis in the ATC cells, and the cleavage of PARP and GSDME. It also significantly increased the release of LDH and IL-1β. Mechanically, ATL-mediated increase in ROS suppressed the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, downregulated the mitochondrial membrane potential and increased the release of cytochrome c, leading to caspase 9 and caspase 3 cleavage. We also found that ATL induced the translocation of an immunogenic cell death marker (calreticulin) to the cell membrane. In addition, it inhibited the growth of the ATC subcutaneous xenograft model, and activated proteins associated with apoptosis and pyroptosis, with a high safety profile. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results firstly demonstrated that ATL exerted an anti-ATC activity by inducing concurrent apoptosis and GSDME-dependent pyroptosis through ROS-mediated mitochondria-dependent caspase activation. Meanwhile, these cell deaths exhibited obvious characteristics of immunogenic cell death, which may synergistically increase the potential of cancer immunotherapy in ATC. Further studies are needed to explore deeper mechanisms for the anti- ATC activity of ATL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Hu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qingliang Wen
- Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China; Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Yefeng Cai
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Yunye Liu
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Wenli Ma
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Qinglin Li
- Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China; Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Fahuan Song
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Department of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yawen Guo
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Department of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Fifth Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Central Hospital, Lishui City, Zhejiang Province 323000, China
| | - Jingyan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Qian Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Changtian Yin
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Guowan Zheng
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Minghua Ge
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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Callaghan B, Twigg MS, Baccile N, Van Bogaert INA, Marchant R, Mitchell CA, Banat IM. Microbial sophorolipids inhibit colorectal tumour cell growth in vitro and restore haematocrit in Apc min+/- mice. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:6003-6016. [PMID: 35965289 PMCID: PMC9467956 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12115-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Sophorolipids are glycolipid biosurfactants consisting of a carbohydrate sophorose head with a fatty acid tail and exist in either an acidic or lactonic form. Sophorolipids are gaining interest as potential cancer chemotherapeutics due to their inhibitory effects on a range of tumour cell lines. Currently, most anti-cancer studies reporting the effects of sophorolipids have focused on lactonic preparations with the effects of acidic sophorolipids yet to be elucidated. We produced a 94% pure acidic sophorolipid preparation which proved to be non-toxic to normal human colonic and lung cells. In contrast, we observed a dose-dependent reduction in viability of colorectal cancer lines treated with the same preparation. Acidic sophorolipids induced apoptosis and necrosis, reduced migration, and inhibited colony formation in all cancer cell lines tested. Furthermore, oral administration of 50 mg kg−1 acidic sophorolipids over 70 days to Apcmin+/− mice was well tolerated and resulted in an increased haematocrit, as well as reducing splenic size and red pulp area. Oral feeding did not affect tumour numbers or sizes in this model. This is the first study to show that acidic sophorolipids dose-dependently and specifically reduces colon cancer cell viability in addition to reducing tumour-associated bleeding in the Apcmin+/− mouse model. Key points • Acidic sophorolipids are produced by yeast species such as Starmerella bombicola. • Acidic sophorolipids selectively killed colorectal cells with no effect on healthy gut epithelia. • Acidic sophorolipids reduced tumour-associated gut bleed in a colorectal mouse model. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-022-12115-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breedge Callaghan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Matthew S Twigg
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Niki Baccile
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France UMR 7574, Chimie de La Matière Condensée de Paris, UMR 7574, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Inge N A Van Bogaert
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roger Marchant
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK
| | | | - Ibrahim M Banat
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK.
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Miceli RT, Corr DT, Barroso M, Dogra N, Gross RA. Sophorolipids: Anti-cancer activities and mechanisms. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 65:116787. [PMID: 35526504 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sophorolipids (SLs) are biosurfactants synthesized as secondary metabolites by non-pathogenic yeasts and other microorganisms. They are members of glycolipid microbial surfactant family that consists of a sophorose polar head group and, most often, an ω-1 hydroxylated fatty acid glycosidically linked to the sophorose moiety. Since the fermentative production of SLs is high (>200 g/L), SLs have the potential to provide low-cost therapeutics. Natural and modified SLs possess anti-cancer activity against a wide range of cancer cell lines such as those derived from breast, cervical, colon, liver, brain, and the pancreas. Corresponding data on their cytotoxicity against noncancerous cell lines including human embryo kidney, umbilical vein, and mouse fibroblasts is also discussed. These results are compiled to elucidate trends in SL-structures that lead to higher efficacy against cancer cell lines and lower cytotoxicity for normal cell lines. While extrapolation of these results provides some insights into the design of SLs with optimal therapeutic indices, we also provide a critical assessment of gaps and inconsistencies in the literature as well as the lack of data connecting structure-to-anticancer and cytotoxicity on normal cells. Furthermore, SL-mechanism of action against cancer cell lines, that includes proliferation inhibition, induction of apoptosis, membrane disruption and mitochondria mediated pathways are discussed. Perspectives on future research to develop SL anticancer therapeutics is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca T Miceli
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Sciences and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY 12180, United States; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY 12180, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY 12180, United States
| | - David T Corr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY 12180, United States
| | - Margardia Barroso
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, United States
| | - Navneet Dogra
- Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Richard A Gross
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Sciences and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY 12180, United States; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY 12180, United States.
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Riccio G, Martinez KA, Martín J, Reyes F, D’Ambra I, Lauritano C. Jellyfish as an Alternative Source of Bioactive Antiproliferative Compounds. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20060350. [PMID: 35736153 PMCID: PMC9227539 DOI: 10.3390/md20060350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Jellyfish are commonly considered a nuisance for their negative effects on human activities (e.g., fisheries, power plants and tourism) and human health. However, jellyfish provide several benefits to humans and are commonly eaten in eastern countries. Additionally, recent studies have suggested that jellyfish may become a source of high-value molecules. In this study, we tested the effects of the methanolic extracts and enriched fractions, obtained by solid-phase extraction fractionation, from the scyphomedusae Pelagia noctiluca, Rhizostoma pulmo, Cotylorhiza tuberculata and the cubomedusa Caryddea marsupialis on different human cancer cell lines in order to evaluate a potential antiproliferative activity. Our results indicated that fraction C from Caryddea marsupialis-(CM) and C. tuberculata oral arms (CTOA) were the most active to reduce cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. LC/MS based dereplication analyses highlighted that both bioactive fractions contained mainly fatty acids and derivatives, with CM additionally containing small peptides (0.7–0.8 kDa), which might contribute to its higher biological activity. The mechanism of action behind the most active fraction was investigated using PCR arrays. Results showed that the fraction C of CM can reduce the expression of genes involved in apoptosis inhibition in melanoma-treated cells, which makes jellyfish a potential new source of antiproliferative drugs to be exploited in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Riccio
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Kevin A. Martinez
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Avda. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain; (K.A.M.); (J.M.); (F.R.)
| | - Jesús Martín
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Avda. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain; (K.A.M.); (J.M.); (F.R.)
| | - Fernando Reyes
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Avda. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain; (K.A.M.); (J.M.); (F.R.)
| | - Isabella D’Ambra
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Chiara Lauritano
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0815833221
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Biosurfactants as Anticancer Agents: Glycolipids Affect Skin Cells in a Differential Manner Dependent on Chemical Structure. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020360. [PMID: 35214090 PMCID: PMC8874633 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanomas account for 80% of skin cancer deaths. Due to the strong relationship between melanomas and U.V. radiation, sunscreens have been recommended for use as a primary preventative measure. However, there is a need for targeted, less invasive treatment strategies. Glycolipids such as sophorolipids and rhamnolipids are microbially derived biosurfactants possessing bioactive properties such as antimicrobial, immunomodulatory and anticancer effects. This study aimed to ascertain the differing effects of glycolipids on skin cells. Highly purified and fully characterized preparations of sophorolipids and rhamnolipids were used to treat spontaneously transformed human keratinocyte (HaCaT) and the human malignant melanocyte (SK-MEL-28) cell lines. Cell viability and morphological analyses revealed that glycolipids have differential effects on the skin cells dependent on their chemical structure. Lactonic sophorolipids and mono-rhamnolipids were shown to have a significantly detrimental effect on melanoma cell viability compared to healthy human keratinocytes. These glycolipids were shown to induce cell death via necrosis. Additionally, sophorolipids were shown to significantly inhibit SK-MEL-28 cell migration. These findings suggest that glycolipids could be used as bioactive agents with selective inhibitory effects. As such, glycolipids could be a substitute for synthetically derived surfactants in sunscreens to provide additional benefit and have the potential as novel anti-skin-cancer therapies.
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Dierickx S, Maes K, Roelants SLKW, Pomian B, Van Meulebroek L, De Maeseneire SL, Vanhaecke L, Soetaert WK. A multi-omics study to boost continuous bolaform sophorolipid production. N Biotechnol 2022; 66:107-115. [PMID: 34774786 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable and biobased surface active agents are renewable and environmentally friendly alternatives to petroleum derived or oleochemical surfactants. However, they are accompanied by relatively high production costs. In this study, the aim was to reduce the production costs for an innovative type of microbial biosurfactant: bolaform sophorolipids, produced by the yeast Starmerella bombicola ΔsbleΔat. A novel continuous retentostat set-up was performed whereby continuous broth microfiltration retained the biomass in the bioreactor while performing an in situ product separation of bolaform sophorolipids. Although a mean volumetric productivity of 0.56 g L-1 h-1 was achieved, it was not possible to maintain this productivity, which collapsed to almost 0 g L-1 h-1. Therefore, two process adaptations were evaluated, a sequential batch strategy and a phosphate limitation alleviation strategy. The sequential batch set-up restored the mean volumetric productivity to 0.66 g L-1 h-1 for an additional 132 h but was again followed by a productivity decline. A similar result was obtained with the phosphate limitation alleviation strategy where a mean volumetric productivity of 0.54 g L-1 h-1 was reached, but a productivity decline was also observed. Whole genome variant analysis uncovered no evidence for genomic variations for up to 1306 h of retentostat cultivation. Untargeted metabolomics analysis identified 8-hydroxyguanosine, a biomarker for oxidative RNA damage, as a key metabolite correlating with high bolaform sophorolipid productivity. This study showcases the application of a retentostat to increase bolaform sophorolipid productivity and lays the basis of a multi-omics platform for in depth investigation of microbial biosurfactant production with S. bombicola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Dierickx
- Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis (InBio.be), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Lab of Chemical Analysis (LCA), Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Karolien Maes
- Bio Base Europe Pilot Plant (BBEPP), Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Sophie L K W Roelants
- Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis (InBio.be), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Bio Base Europe Pilot Plant (BBEPP), Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Beata Pomian
- Lab of Chemical Analysis (LCA), Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | | | - Sofie L De Maeseneire
- Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis (InBio.be), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Lynn Vanhaecke
- Lab of Chemical Analysis (LCA), Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Wim K Soetaert
- Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis (InBio.be), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Bio Base Europe Pilot Plant (BBEPP), Ghent, Belgium.
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Mishra N, Rana K, Seelam SD, Kumar R, Pandey V, Salimath BP, Agsar D. Characterization and Cytotoxicity of Pseudomonas Mediated Rhamnolipids Against Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cell Line. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:761266. [PMID: 34950641 PMCID: PMC8691732 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.761266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A biosurfactant producing bacterium was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa DNM50 based on molecular characterization (NCBI accession no. MK351591). Structural characterization using MALDI-TOF revealed the presence of 12 different congeners of rhamnolipid such as Rha-C8-C8:1, Rha-C10-C8:1, Rha-C10-C10, Rha-C10-C12:1, Rha-C16:1, Rha-C16, Rha-C17:1, Rha-Rha-C10:1-C10:1, Rha-Rha-C10-C12, Rha-Rha-C10-C8, Rha-Rha-C10-C8:1, and Rha-Rha-C8-C8. The radical scavenging activity of rhamnolipid (DNM50RL) was determined by 2, 3-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay which showed an IC50 value of 101.8 μg/ ml. The cytotoxic activity was investigated against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line by MTT (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay which showed a very low IC50 of 0.05 μg/ ml at 72 h of treatment. Further, its activity was confirmed by resazurin and trypan blue assay with IC50 values of 0.01 μg/ml and 0.64 μg/ ml at 72 h of treatment, respectively. Thus, the DNM50RL would play a vital role in the treatment of breast cancer targeting inhibition of p38MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Mishra
- Department of Microbiology, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga, India
| | - Kavita Rana
- Department of Toxicology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
| | | | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kadaganchi, India
| | - Vijyendra Pandey
- Department of Psychology, School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kadaganchi, India
| | - Bharathi P Salimath
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Mysore, India.,Sanorva Biotech Pvt. Ltd., Mysuru, India
| | - Dayanand Agsar
- Department of Microbiology, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga, India
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