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M Saini V, Oner E, Ward MP, Hurley S, Henderson BD, Lewis F, Finn SP, Fitzmaurice GJ, O'Leary JJ, O'Toole S, O'Driscoll L, Gately K. A comparative study of circulating tumor cell isolation and enumeration technologies in lung cancer. Mol Oncol 2024. [PMID: 39105395 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have potential as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers in solid tumors. Despite Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of CTC devices in various cancers, the rarity and heterogeneity of CTCs in lung cancer make them technically challenging to isolate and analyze, hindering their clinical integration. Establishing a consensus through comparative analysis of different CTC systems is warranted. This study aimed to evaluate seven different CTC enrichment methods across five technologies using a standardized spike-in protocol: the CellMag™ (EpCAM-dependent enrichment), EasySep™ and RosetteSep™ (blood cell depletion), and the Parsortix® PR1 and the new design Parsortix® Prototype (PP) (size- and deformability-based enrichment). The Parsortix® systems were also evaluated for any differences in recovery rates between cell harvest versus in-cassette staining. Healthy donor blood (5 mL) was spiked with 100 fluorescently labeled EpCAMhigh H1975 cells, processed through each system, and the isolation efficiency was calculated. The CellMag™ had the highest recovery rate (70 ± 14%), followed by Parsortix® PR1 in-cassette staining, while the EasySep™ had the lowest recovery (18 ± 8%). Additional spike-in experiments were performed with EpCAMmoderate A549 and EpCAMlow H1299 cells using the CellMag™ and Parsortix® PR1 in-cassette staining. The recovery rate of CellMag™ significantly reduced to 35 ± 14% with A549 cells and 1 ± 1% with H1299 cells. However, the Parsortix® PR1 in-cassette staining showed cell phenotype-independent and consistent recovery rates among all lung cancer cell lines: H1975 (49 ± 2%), A549 (47 ± 10%), and H1299 (52 ± 10%). Furthermore, we demonstrated that the Parsortix® PR1 in-cassette staining method is capable of isolating heterogeneous single CTCs and cell clusters from patient samples. The Parsortix® PR1 in-cassette staining, capable of isolating different phenotypes of CTCs as either single cells or cell clusters with consistent recovery rates, is considered optimal for CTC enrichment for lung cancer, albeit needing further optimization and validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volga M Saini
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ezgi Oner
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark P Ward
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sinead Hurley
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian David Henderson
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Faye Lewis
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - John J O'Leary
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sharon O'Toole
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lorraine O'Driscoll
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kathy Gately
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
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Mok ETY, Chitty JL, Cox TR. miRNAs in pancreatic cancer progression and metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2024; 41:163-186. [PMID: 38240887 PMCID: PMC11213741 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-023-10256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Small non-coding RNA or microRNA (miRNA) are critical regulators of eukaryotic cells. Dysregulation of miRNA expression and function has been linked to a variety of diseases including cancer. They play a complex role in cancers, having both tumour suppressor and promoter properties. In addition, a single miRNA can be involved in regulating several mRNAs or many miRNAs can regulate a single mRNA, therefore assessing these roles is essential to a better understanding in cancer initiation and development. Pancreatic cancer is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide, in part due to the lack of diagnostic tools and limited treatment options. The most common form of pancreatic cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), is characterised by major genetic mutations that drive cancer initiation and progression. The regulation or interaction of miRNAs with these cancer driving mutations suggests a strong link between the two. Understanding this link between miRNA and PDAC progression may give rise to novel treatments or diagnostic tools. This review summarises the role of miRNAs in PDAC, the downstream signalling pathways that they play a role in, how these are being used and studied as therapeutic targets as well as prognostic/diagnostic tools to improve the clinical outcome of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie T Y Mok
- Matrix & Metastasis Lab, Cancer Ecosystems Program, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jessica L Chitty
- Matrix & Metastasis Lab, Cancer Ecosystems Program, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.
- School of Clinical Medicine, St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Thomas R Cox
- Matrix & Metastasis Lab, Cancer Ecosystems Program, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.
- School of Clinical Medicine, St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Merteroglu M, Santoro MM. Exploiting the metabolic vulnerability of circulating tumour cells. Trends Cancer 2024; 10:541-556. [PMID: 38580535 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Metastasis has a major part in the severity of disease and lethality of cancer. Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) represent a reservoir of metastatic precursors in circulation, most of which cannot survive due to hostile conditions in the bloodstream. Surviving cells colonise a secondary site based on a combination of physical, metabolic, and oxidative stress protection states required for that environment. Recent advances in CTC isolation methods and high-resolution 'omics technologies are revealing specific metabolic pathways that support this selection of CTCs. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of CTC biology and discoveries of adaptations in metabolic pathways during their selection. Understanding these traits and delineating mechanisms by which they confer acquired resistance or vulnerability in CTCs is crucial for developing successful prognostic and therapeutic strategies in cancer.
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Thakur D, Sengupta D, Mahapatra E, Das S, Sarkar R, Mukherjee S. Glucocorticoid receptor: a harmonizer of cellular plasticity in breast cancer-directs the road towards therapy resistance, metastatic progression and recurrence. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:481-499. [PMID: 38170347 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Recent therapeutic advances have significantly uplifted the quality of life in breast cancer patients, yet several impediments block the road to disease-free survival. This involves unresponsiveness towards administered therapy, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and metastatic progression with the eventual appearance of recurrent disease. Attainment of such characteristics is a huge adaptive challenge to which tumour cells respond by acquiring diverse phenotypically plastic states. Several signalling networks and mediators are involved in such a process. Glucocorticoid receptor being a mediator of stress response imparts prognostic significance in the context of breast carcinoma. Involvement of the glucocorticoid receptor in the signalling cascade of breast cancer phenotypic plasticity needs further elucidation. This review attempted to shed light on the inter-regulatory interactions of the glucocorticoid receptor with the mediators of the plasticity program in breast cancer; which may provide a hint for strategizing therapeutics against the glucocorticoid/glucocorticoid receptor axis so as to modulate phenotypic plasticity in breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjan Thakur
- Department of Environmental Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700 026, India
| | - Debomita Sengupta
- Department of Environmental Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700 026, India
| | - Elizabeth Mahapatra
- Department of Environmental Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700 026, India
| | - Salini Das
- Department of Environmental Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700 026, India
| | - Ruma Sarkar
- B. D. Patel Institute of Paramedical Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, Gujarat, 388421, India
| | - Sutapa Mukherjee
- Department of Environmental Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700 026, India.
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Donkor M, Choe JY, Reid DM, Fiadjoe HK, Quinn B, Ranjan A, Pulse M, Chaudhary P, Basha R, Jones HP. Surgical Primary Tumor Resection Reduces Accumulation of CD11b + Myeloid Cells in the Lungs Augmenting the Efficacy of an Intranasal Cancer Vaccination against Secondary Lung Metastasis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 17:51. [PMID: 38256885 PMCID: PMC10821475 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of effective cancer treatment is the prevention of tumor reoccurrence and metastasis to distal organs, which are responsible for most cancer deaths. However, primary tumor resection is expected to be curative as most solid tumors have been shown both experimentally and clinically to accelerate metastasis to distal organs including the lungs. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of our engineered nasal nano-vaccine (CpG-NP-Tag) in reducing accelerated lung metastasis resulting from primary tumor resection. Cytosine-phosphate-guanine oligonucleotide [CpG ODN]-conjugated nanoparticle [NP] encapsulating tumor antigen [Tag] (CpG-NP-Tag) was manufactured and tested in vivo using a syngeneic mouse mammary tumor model following intranasal delivery. We found that our nasal nano-vaccine (CpG-NP-Tag), compared to control NPs administered after primary mammary tumor resection, significantly reduced lung metastasis in female BALB/c mice subjected to surgery (surgery mice). An evaluation of vaccine efficacy in both surgery and non-surgery mice revealed that primary tumor resection reduces CD11b+ monocyte-derived suppressor-like cell accumulation in the lungs, allowing increased infiltration of vaccine-elicited T cells (IFN-γ CD8+ T cells) in the lungs of surgery mice compared to non-surgery mice. These findings suggest that the combination of the target delivery of a nasal vaccine in conjunction with the standard surgery of primary tumors is a plausible adjunctive treatment against the establishment of lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Donkor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA (D.M.R.); (H.K.F.); (A.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Jamie Y. Choe
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA (D.M.R.); (H.K.F.); (A.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Danielle Marie Reid
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA (D.M.R.); (H.K.F.); (A.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Hope K. Fiadjoe
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA (D.M.R.); (H.K.F.); (A.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Byron Quinn
- Department of Biology, Langston University, Langston, OK 73050, USA
| | - Amalendu Ranjan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA (D.M.R.); (H.K.F.); (A.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Mark Pulse
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Pankaj Chaudhary
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA (D.M.R.); (H.K.F.); (A.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Riyaz Basha
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA (D.M.R.); (H.K.F.); (A.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Harlan P. Jones
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA (D.M.R.); (H.K.F.); (A.R.); (P.C.)
- Institute for Health Disparities UNTHC 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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Kan CM, Pei XM, Yeung MHY, Jin N, Ng SSM, Tsang HF, Cho WCS, Yim AKY, Yu ACS, Wong SCC. Exploring the Role of Circulating Cell-Free RNA in the Development of Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11026. [PMID: 37446204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor RNA (ctRNA) has recently emerged as a novel and attractive liquid biomarker. CtRNA is capable of providing important information about the expression of a variety of target genes noninvasively, without the need for biopsies, through the use of circulating RNA sequencing. The overexpression of cancer-specific transcripts increases the tumor-derived RNA signal, which overcomes limitations due to low quantities of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). The purpose of this work is to present an up-to-date review of current knowledge regarding ctRNAs and their status as biomarkers to address the diagnosis, prognosis, prediction, and drug resistance of colorectal cancer. The final section of the article discusses the practical aspects involved in analyzing plasma ctRNA, including storage and isolation, detection technologies, and their limitations in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chau-Ming Kan
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiao Meng Pei
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Martin Ho Yin Yeung
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nana Jin
- Codex Genetics Limited, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Simon Siu Man Ng
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hin Fung Tsang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - William Chi Shing Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | | | - Sze Chuen Cesar Wong
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Clack K, Soda N, Kasetsirikul S, Mahmudunnabi RG, Nguyen NT, Shiddiky MJA. Toward Personalized Nanomedicine: The Critical Evaluation of Micro and Nanodevices for Cancer Biomarker Analysis in Liquid Biopsy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205856. [PMID: 36631277 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy for the analysis of circulating cancer biomarkers (CBs) is a major advancement toward the early detection of cancer. In comparison to tissue biopsy techniques, liquid biopsy is relatively painless, offering multiple sampling opportunities across easily accessible bodily fluids such as blood, urine, and saliva. Liquid biopsy is also relatively inexpensive and simple, avoiding the requirement for specialized laboratory equipment or trained medical staff. Major advances in the field of liquid biopsy are attributed largely to developments in nanotechnology and microfabrication that enables the creation of highly precise chip-based platforms. These devices can overcome detection limitations of an individual biomarker by detecting multiple markers simultaneously on the same chip, or by featuring integrated and combined target separation techniques. In this review, the major advances in the field of portable and semi-portable micro, nano, and multiplexed platforms for CB detection for the early diagnosis of cancer are highlighted. A comparative discussion is also provided, noting merits and drawbacks of the platforms, especially in terms of portability. Finally, key challenges toward device portability and possible solutions, as well as discussing the future direction of the field are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley Clack
- School of Environment and Science (ESC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Narshone Soda
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Surasak Kasetsirikul
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Rabbee G Mahmudunnabi
- School of Environment and Science (ESC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Muhammad J A Shiddiky
- School of Environment and Science (ESC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
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Feigelman G, Simanovich E, Brockmeyer P, Rahat MA. Knocking-Down CD147/EMMPRIN Expression in CT26 Colon Carcinoma Forces the Cells into Cellular and Angiogenic Dormancy That Can Be Reversed by Interactions with Macrophages. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030768. [PMID: 36979746 PMCID: PMC10044868 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis in colorectal cancer is responsible for most of the cancer-related deaths. For metastasis to occur, tumor cells must first undergo the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is driven by the transcription factors (EMT-TFs) Snail, Slug twist1, or Zeb1, to promote their migration. In the distant organs, tumor cells may become dormant for years, until signals from their microenvironment trigger and promote their outgrowth. Here we asked whether CD147/EMMPRIN controls entry and exit from dormancy in the aggressive and proliferative (i.e., non-dormant) CT26 mouse colon carcinoma cells, in its wild-type form (CT26-WT cells). To this end, we knocked down EMMPRIN expression in CT26 cells (CT26-KD), and compared their EMT and cellular dormancy status (e.g., proliferation, pERK/pP38 ratio, vimentin expression, expression of EMT-TFs and dormancy markers), and angiogenic dormancy (e.g., VEGF and MMP-9 secretion, healing of the wounded bEND3 mouse endothelial cells), to the parental cells (CT26-WT). We show that knocking-down EMMPRIN expression reduced the pERK/pP38 ratio, enhanced the expression of vimentin, the EMT-TFs and the dormancy markers, and reduced the proliferation and angiogenic potential, cumulatively indicating that cells were pushed towards dormancy. When macrophages were co-cultured with both types of CT26 cells, the CT26-WT cells increased their angiogenic potential, but did not change their proliferation, state of EMT, or dormancy, whereas the CT26-KD cells exhibited values mostly similar to those of the co-cultured CT26-WT cells. Addition of recombinant TGFβ or EMMPRIN that simulated the presence of macrophages yielded similar results. Combinations of low concentrations of TGFβ and EMMPRIN had a minimal additive effect only in the CT26-KD cells, suggesting that they work along the same signaling pathway. We conclude that EMMPRIN is important as a gatekeeper that prevents cells from entering a dormant state, and that macrophages can promote an exit from dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Feigelman
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa 3436212, Israel
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Elina Simanovich
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa 3436212, Israel
| | - Phillipp Brockmeyer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michal A. Rahat
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa 3436212, Israel
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel
- Correspondence:
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Cui S, Liu W, Wang W, Miao K, Guan X. Advances in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Minimal Residual Lesions of Breast Cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 245:154428. [PMID: 37028109 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To review the latest research of minimal residual disease (MRD) in breast cancer as well as some emerging or potential detection methods for MRD in breast cancer. METHODS Springer, Wiley, and PubMed databases were searched for the electronic literature with search terms of breast cancer, minimal residual disease, circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), exosomes, etc. RESULTS: Minimal residual disease refers to the occult micrometastasis or minimal residual lesions detected in patients with tumor after radical treatment. An early and dynamic monitoring of breast cancer MRD can contribute to clinical treatment decision-making, improving the diagnosis accuracy and prognosis of breast cancer patients. The updated knowledge regarding MRD in breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis were summarized, followed by the review of several emerging or potential detection technologies for MRD in breast cancer. With the developed new MRD detection technologies referring to CTCs, ctDNA and exosomes, the role of MRD in breast cancer has been growingly verified, which is expected to serve as a new risk stratification factor and prognostic indicator for breast cancer. CONCLUSION This paper systematically reviews the research progress, opportunities and challenges in MRD in breast cancer in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyun Cui
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weici Liu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Keyan Miao
- Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Guan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China.
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10
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Christenson JL, Williams MM, Richer JK. The underappreciated role of resident epithelial cell populations in metastatic progression: contributions of the lung alveolar epithelium. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1777-C1790. [PMID: 36252127 PMCID: PMC9744653 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00181.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic cancer is difficult to treat and is responsible for the majority of cancer-related deaths. After cancer cells initiate metastasis and successfully seed a distant site, resident cells in the tissue play a key role in determining how metastatic progression develops. The lung is the second most frequent site of metastatic spread, and the primary site of metastasis within the lung is alveoli. The most abundant cell type in the alveolar niche is the epithelium. This review will examine the potential contributions of the alveolar epithelium to metastatic progression. It will also provide insight into other ways in which alveolar epithelial cells, acting as immune sentinels within the lung, may influence metastatic progression through their various interactions with cells in the surrounding microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Christenson
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michelle M Williams
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jennifer K Richer
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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11
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Noubissi Nzeteu GA, Geismann C, Arlt A, Hoogwater FJH, Nijkamp MW, Meyer NH, Bockhorn M. Role of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition for the Generation of Circulating Tumors Cells and Cancer Cell Dissemination. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225483. [PMID: 36428576 PMCID: PMC9688619 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-related death is primarily caused by metastasis; consequently, understanding, preventing, and treating metastasis is essential to improving clinical outcomes. Metastasis is mainly governed by the dissemination of tumor cells in the systemic circulation: so-called circulating tumor cells (CTCs). CTCs typically arise from epithelial tumor cells that undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), resulting in the loss of cell-cell adhesions and polarity, and the reorganization of the cytoskeleton. Various oncogenic factors can induce EMT, among them the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, as well as Wnt and Notch signaling pathways. This entails the activation of numerous transcription factors, including ZEB, TWIST, and Snail proteins, acting as transcriptional repressors of epithelial markers, such as E-cadherin and inducers of mesenchymal markers such as vimentin. These genetic and phenotypic changes ultimately facilitate cancer cell migration. However, to successfully form distant metastases, CTCs must primarily withstand the hostile environment of circulation. This includes adaption to shear stress, avoiding being trapped by coagulation and surviving attacks of the immune system. Several applications of CTCs, from cancer diagnosis and screening to monitoring and even guided therapy, seek their way into clinical practice. This review describes the process leading to tumor metastasis, from the generation of CTCs in primary tumors to their dissemination into distant organs, as well as the importance of subtyping CTCs to improve personalized and targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetan Aime Noubissi Nzeteu
- University Hospital of General and Visceral Surgery, Department of Human Medicine, University of Oldenburg and Klinikum Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Geismann
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, UKSH-Campus Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexander Arlt
- Department for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Oldenburg, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, European Medical School (EMS), 26133 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Frederik J. H. Hoogwater
- Section of HPB Surgery & Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten W. Nijkamp
- Section of HPB Surgery & Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - N. Helge Meyer
- University Hospital of General and Visceral Surgery, Department of Human Medicine, University of Oldenburg and Klinikum Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-441-798-5041
| | - Maximilian Bockhorn
- University Hospital of General and Visceral Surgery, Department of Human Medicine, University of Oldenburg and Klinikum Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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12
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Zhu S, Xie Z, Chen Y, Liu S, Kwan YW, Zeng S, Yuan W, Ho HP. Real-Time Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells in Bloodstream Using Plasmonic Fiber Sensors. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12110968. [PMID: 36354476 PMCID: PMC9687831 DOI: 10.3390/bios12110968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are single cancer cells or cancer cell clusters that are present in the circulatory system. Assessing CTC levels in patients can aid in the early detection of cancer metastasis and is essential for the purposes of accurate cancer prognosis. However, current in vitro blood tests are limited by the insufficient blood samples and low concentration levels of CTCs, which presents a major challenge for practical biosensing devices. In this work, we propose the first surface plasmon resonance (SPR) fiber probe to work intravenously, which offers a real-time detection of CTCs in bloodstreams. By exposing the protein-functionalized fiber probe to circulating blood, a continuous capture of CTCs ensures a constant increase in enrichment and hence greatly enhances enumeration accuracy. The performance of our plasmonic fiber probe was demonstrated to specifically detect Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) breast cancer cells in flowing whole mouse blood. Further, a detection limit of ~1.4 cells per microliter was achieved by using an epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) antibody-based receptor layer and a 15 minute enrichment period. This pilot study validates real-time CTC detection directly in the bloodstream by using plasmonic fiber probes, which exhibit promising clinical potential for in vivo diagnostic tests involving low concentration biomarkers in circulating blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaodi Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong 999077, China
- Light, Nanomaterials & Nanotechnologies (L2n), CNRS-EMR 7004, University of Technology of Troyes, 10000 Troyes, France
| | - Zhenming Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yuzhi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong 999077, China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shiyue Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yiu-Wa Kwan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Shuwen Zeng
- Light, Nanomaterials & Nanotechnologies (L2n), CNRS-EMR 7004, University of Technology of Troyes, 10000 Troyes, France
| | - Wu Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ho-Pui Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong 999077, China
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13
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Malignancy Assessment Using Gene Identification in Captured Cells Algorithm for the Prediction of Malignancy in Women With a Pelvic Mass. Obstet Gynecol 2022; 140:631-642. [PMID: 36075062 PMCID: PMC9484762 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000004927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the detection of malignancy in women with a pelvic mass by using multiplexed gene expression analysis of cells captured from peripheral blood. METHODS This was an IRB-approved, prospective clinical study. Eligible patients had a pelvic mass and were scheduled for surgery or biopsy. Rare cells were captured from peripheral blood obtained preoperatively by using a microfluidic cell capture device. Isolated mRNA from the captured cells was analyzed for expression of 72 different gene transcripts. Serum levels for several commonly assayed biomarkers were measured. All patients had a tissue diagnosis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses for the prediction of malignancy using gene expression and serum biomarker levels were performed, and receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed and compared. RESULTS A total of 183 evaluable patients were enrolled (average age 56 years, range 19-91 years). There were 104 benign tumors, 17 low malignant potential tumors, and 62 malignant tumors. Comparison of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for individual genes and various combinations of genes with or without serum biomarkers to differentiate between benign conditions (excluding low malignant potential tumors) and malignant tumors showed that a multivariate model combining the expression levels of eight genes and four serum biomarkers achieved the highest area under the curve (AUC) (95.1%, 95% CI 92.0-98.2%). The MAGIC (Malignancy Assessment using Gene Identification in Captured Cells) algorithm significantly outperformed all individual genes (AUC 50.2-65.2%; all P <.001) and a multivariate model combining 14 different genes (AUC 88.0%, 95% CI 82.9-93.0%; P =.005). Further, the MAGIC algorithm achieved an AUC of 89.5% (95% CI 81.3-97.8%) for stage I-II and 98.9% (95% CI 96.7-100%) for stage III-IV patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. CONCLUSION Multiplexed gene expression evaluation of cells captured from blood, with or without serum biomarker levels, accurately detects malignancy in women with a pelvic mass. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02781272. FUNDING SOURCE This study was funded by ANGLE Europe Limited (Surrey Research Park, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom).
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14
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Geus PF, Hehnen F, Krakowski S, Lücke K, Hoon DSB, Frost N, Kertzscher U, Wendt G. Verification of a Novel Minimally Invasive Device for the Isolation of Rare Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC) in Cancer Patients’ Blood. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194753. [PMID: 36230675 PMCID: PMC9562020 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood can be used to diagnose cancer or monitor treatment response for various cancers. However, these cells are rare in the bloodstream in the early stages of cancers, and it, therefore, remains a technical challenge to isolate them. To overcome the limitations of a blood draw, we introduce a minimally invasive device, called the BMProbe™, for the isolation of CTCs directly from the bloodstream. Thereby a large volume of blood is screened. This study first shows how the geometry of the in vivo BMProbe™ causes improved cell deposition conditions. We then performed a verification of the in vivo device using blood samples from lung cancer patients. The results indicate the functionality of the BMProbe™ to isolate CTCs in blood samples. The future step is to use the BMProbe™ in various types of cancer patients to detect CTCs. Abstract Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) exist in low quantities in the bloodstream in the early stages of cancers. It, therefore, remains a technical challenge to isolate them in large enough quantities for a precise diagnosis and downstream analysis. We introduce the BMProbe™, a minimally invasive device that isolates CTCs during a 30-minute incubation in the median cubital vein. The optimized geometry of the device creates flow conditions for improved cell deposition. The CTCs are isolated using antibodies that are bound to the surface of the BMProbe™. In this study, flow experiments using cell culture cells were conducted. They indicate a 31 times greater cell binding efficiency of the BMProbe™ compared to a flat geometry. Further, the functionality of isolating CTCs from patient blood was verified in a small ex vivo study that compared the cell count from seven non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients compared to nine healthy controls with 10 mL blood samples. The median cell count was 1 in NSCLC patients and 0 in healthy controls. In conclusion, the BMProbe™ is a promising method to isolate CTCs in large quantities directly from the venous bloodstream without removing blood from a patient. The future step is to verify the functionality in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Friedrich Geus
- Biofluid Mechanics Laboratory, Institute of Computer-assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Felix Hehnen
- Biofluid Mechanics Laboratory, Institute of Computer-assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophia Krakowski
- Biofluid Mechanics Laboratory, Institute of Computer-assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Lücke
- Invicol GmbH, Müllerstraße 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- HaimaChek Inc., 2200 Santa Monica Blvd, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | - Dave S. B. Hoon
- HaimaChek Inc., 2200 Santa Monica Blvd, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, Saint John’s Cancer Institute (SJCI), Providence Saint John’s Health Center (SJHC), Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | - Nikolaj Frost
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kertzscher
- Biofluid Mechanics Laboratory, Institute of Computer-assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabi Wendt
- Invicol GmbH, Müllerstraße 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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15
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Lou C, Wu K, Shi J, Dai Z, Xu Q. N-cadherin protects oral cancer cells from NK cell killing in the circulation by inducing NK cell functional exhaustion via the KLRG1 receptor. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-005061. [PMID: 36096526 PMCID: PMC9472211 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can survive in the circulation and return to primary tumors through a self-seeding process. However, the mechanisms underlying CTCs escape from natural killer (NK) cell-mediated immune surveillance remain unclear. METHOD Self-seeded tumor cells were isolated and characterized using a modified contralateral seeding model. A comparison of transcriptional profiles was performed between the parental cells and self-seeded cells. The molecular mechanism of self-seeded tumor cells escaping from NK cell was demonstrated through in vitro experiments and verified in a CTC-mimicking in vivo model. Then, the expression level of key protein mediating CTCs immune escape was detected in 24 paired primary and recurrent tumor samples of patients with oral cancer by the immunohistochemical method. RESULT Self-seeded cells displayed resistance to NK cell-mediated lysis and a higher tumor seeding ability than their parental cells. Elevated expression levels of the CDH2 gene and its protein product, N-cadherin were found in self-seeded cells. NK cells secreted cytokines, and fluid shear stress facilitated N-cadherin release by promoting A disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) translation or converting the precursor ADAM10 to the mature form. Soluble N-cadherin triggered NK cell functional exhaustion by interacting with the killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily G member 1 (KLRG1) receptor and therefore protected tumor cells from NK cell killing in the circulation. In vivo experimental results showed that overexpression of N-cadherin promoted tumor self-seeding and facilitated the survival of CTCs. Compared with primary tumors, N-cadherin expression was significantly increased in matched recurrent tumor tissues. CONCLUSION Together, our findings illustrate an unknown mechanism by which CTCs evaded NK cell-mediated immune surveillance, and indicate that targeting N-cadherin is an effective strategy to prevent CTCs from homing to primary tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Kailiu Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbo Shi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenlin Dai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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16
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Cucciniello L, Gerratana L, Puglisi F. Liquid Biopsy, an Everchanging Balance between Clinical Utility and Emerging Technologies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4277. [PMID: 36077819 PMCID: PMC9454764 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, tissue biopsy still represents the mainstay for tumor diagnosis and molecular characterization [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Cucciniello
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gerratana
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Fabio Puglisi
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
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17
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Deng Z, Wu S, Wang Y, Shi D. Circulating tumor cell isolation for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. EBioMedicine 2022; 83:104237. [PMID: 36041264 PMCID: PMC9440384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are tumor cells that shed from the primary tumor and intravasate into the peripheral blood circulation system responsible for metastasis. Sensitive detection of CTCs from clinical samples can serve as an effective tool in cancer diagnosis and prognosis through liquid biopsy. Current CTC detection technologies mainly reply on the biomarker-mediated platforms including magnetic beads, microfluidic chips or size-sensitive microfiltration which can compromise detection sensitivity due to tumor heterogeneity. A more sensitive, biomarker independent CTCs isolation technique has been recently developed with the surface-charged superparamagnetic nanoprobe capable of different EMT subpopulation CTC capture from 1 mL clinical blood. In this review, this new strategy is compared with the conventional techniques on biomarker specificity, impact of protein corona, effect of glycolysis on cell surface charge, and accurate CTC identification. Correlations between CTC enumeration and molecular profiling in clinical blood and cancer prognosis are provided for clinical cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicheng Deng
- The Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Shengming Wu
- The Institute for Translational Nanomedicine Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano Science, School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yilong Wang
- The Institute for Translational Nanomedicine Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano Science, School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Donglu Shi
- The Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA.
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18
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Wu M, Huang Y, Zhou Y, Zhao H, Lan Y, Yu Z, Jia C, Cong H, Zhao J. The Discovery of Novel Circulating Cancer-Related Cells in Circulation Poses New Challenges to Microfluidic Devices for Enrichment and Detection. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200226. [PMID: 35595707 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) enumeration has been widely used as a surrogate predictive marker for early diagnoses, the evaluation of chemotherapy efficacy, and cancer prognosis. Microfluidic technologies for CTCs enrichment and detection have been developed and commercialized as automation platforms. Currently, in addition to CTCs, some new types of circulating cancer-related cells (e.g., CCSCs, CTECs, CAMLs, and heterotypic CTC clusters) in circulation are also reported to be correlated to cancer diagnosis, metastasis, or prognosis. And they widely differ from the conventional CTCs in positive markers, cellular morphology, or size, which presents a new technological challenge to microfluidic devices that use affinity-based capture methods or size-based filtration methods for CTCs detection. This review focuses on the biological and physical properties as well as clinical significance of the novel circulating cancer-related cells, and discusses the challenges of their discovery to microfluidic chip for enrichment. Finally, the current challenges of CTCs detection in clinical application and future opportunities are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuhang Huang
- Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuwei Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhibin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunping Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hui Cong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Jianlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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19
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Gonzalez-Avila G, Sommer B, García-Hernandez AA, Ramos C, Flores-Soto E. Nanotechnology and Matrix Metalloproteinases in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:918789. [PMID: 35720130 PMCID: PMC9198274 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.918789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is still one of the leading causes of death worldwide. This great mortality is due to its late diagnosis when the disease is already at advanced stages. Although the efforts made to develop more effective treatments, around 90% of cancer deaths are due to metastasis that confers a systemic character to the disease. Likewise, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are endopeptidases that participate in all the events of the metastatic process. MMPs’ augmented concentrations and an increased enzymatic activity have been considered bad prognosis markers of the disease. Therefore, synthetic inhibitors have been created to block MMPs’ enzymatic activity. However, they have been ineffective in addition to causing considerable side effects. On the other hand, nanotechnology offers the opportunity to formulate therapeutic agents that can act directly on a target cell, avoiding side effects and improving the diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment of cancer. The goal of the present review is to discuss novel nanotechnological strategies in which MMPs are used with theranostic purposes and as therapeutic targets to control cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Gonzalez-Avila
- Laboratorio Oncología Biomédica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Georgina Gonzalez-Avila,
| | - Bettina Sommer
- Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - A. Armando García-Hernandez
- Laboratorio Oncología Biomédica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carlos Ramos
- Departamento de Investigación en Fibrosis Pulmonar, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Edgar Flores-Soto
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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20
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De Angelis ML, Francescangeli F, Nicolazzo C, Signore M, Giuliani A, Colace L, Boe A, Magri V, Baiocchi M, Ciardi A, Scarola F, Spada M, La Torre F, Gazzaniga P, Biffoni M, De Maria R, Zeuner A. An organoid model of colorectal circulating tumor cells with stem cell features, hybrid EMT state and distinctive therapy response profile. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:86. [PMID: 35260172 PMCID: PMC8903172 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02263-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are responsible for the metastatic dissemination of colorectal cancer (CRC) to the liver, lungs and lymph nodes. CTCs rarity and heterogeneity strongly limit the elucidation of their biological features, as well as preclinical drug sensitivity studies aimed at metastasis prevention. METHODS We generated organoids from CTCs isolated from an orthotopic CRC xenograft model. CTCs-derived organoids (CTCDOs) were characterized through proteome profiling, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, tumor-forming capacity and drug screening assays. The expression of intra- and extracellular markers found in CTCDOs was validated on CTCs isolated from the peripheral blood of CRC patients. RESULTS CTCDOs exhibited a hybrid epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) state and an increased expression of stemness-associated markers including the two homeobox transcription factors Goosecoid and Pancreatic Duodenal Homeobox Gene-1 (PDX1), which were also detected in CTCs from CRC patients. Functionally, CTCDOs showed a higher migratory/invasive ability and a different response to pathway-targeted drugs as compared to xenograft-derived organoids (XDOs). Specifically, CTCDOs were more sensitive than XDOs to drugs affecting the Survivin pathway, which decreased the levels of Survivin and X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein (XIAP) inducing CTCDOs death. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that CTCDOs recapitulate several features of colorectal CTCs and may be used to investigate the features of metastatic CRC cells, to identify new prognostic biomarkers and to devise new potential strategies for metastasis prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura De Angelis
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Federica Francescangeli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Nicolazzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Liquid Biopsy Unit, Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Signore
- RPPA Unit, Proteomics Area, Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giuliani
- Environment and Health Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Lidia Colace
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I/Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Boe
- Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Magri
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Baiocchi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Ciardi
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Policlinico Umberto I/Sapienza University, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Scarola
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Policlinico Umberto I/Sapienza University, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Spada
- Center of Animal Research and Welfare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo La Torre
- Surgical Sciences and Emergency Department, Policlinico Umberto I/Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Gazzaniga
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Liquid Biopsy Unit, Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Biffoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ann Zeuner
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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21
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Cescon DW, Kalinsky K, Parsons HA, Smith KL, Spears PA, Thomas A, Zhao F, DeMichele A. Therapeutic Targeting of Minimal Residual Disease to Prevent Late Recurrence in Hormone-Receptor Positive Breast Cancer: Challenges and New Approaches. Front Oncol 2022; 11:667397. [PMID: 35223447 PMCID: PMC8867255 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.667397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
While the majority of breast cancers are diagnosed at a curable stage, approximately 20% of women will experience recurrence at a distant site during their lifetime. These metastatic recurrences are incurable with current therapeutic approaches. Over the past decade, the biologic mechanisms underlying these recurrences have been elucidated, establishing the existence of minimal residual disease in the form of circulating micrometastases and dormant disease, primarily in the bone marrow. Numerous technologies are now available to detect minimal residual disease (MRD) after breast cancer treatment, but it is yet unknown how to best target and eradicate these cells, and whether clearance of detectable disease prior to the formation of overt metastases can prevent ultimate progression and death. Clinical trials to test this hypothesis are challenging due to the rare nature of MRD in the blood and bone marrow, resulting in the need to screen a large number of survivors to identify those for study. Use of prognostic molecular tools may be able to direct screening to those patients most likely to harbor MRD, but the relationship between these predictors and MRD detection is as yet undefined. Further challenges include the lack of a definitive assay for MRD with established clinical utility, difficulty in selecting potential interventions due to limitations in understanding the biology of MRD, and the emotional impact of detecting MRD in patients who have completed definitive treatment and have no evidence of overt metastatic disease. This review provides a roadmap for tackling these challenges in the design and implementation of interventional clinical trials aimed at eliminating MRD and ultimately preventing metastatic disease to improve survival from this disease, with a specific focus on late recurrences in ER+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Cescon
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, CA, Canada
| | - Kevin Kalinsky
- Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Heather A Parsons
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Breast Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Karen Lisa Smith
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Patricia A Spears
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Alexandra Thomas
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Fengmin Zhao
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute - ECOG-ACRIN Biostatistics Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Angela DeMichele
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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22
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Descamps L, Le Roy D, Deman AL. Microfluidic-Based Technologies for CTC Isolation: A Review of 10 Years of Intense Efforts towards Liquid Biopsy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041981. [PMID: 35216097 PMCID: PMC8875744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The selection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) directly from blood as a real-time liquid biopsy has received increasing attention over the past ten years, and further analysis of these cells may greatly aid in both research and clinical applications. CTC analysis could advance understandings of metastatic cascade, tumor evolution, and patient heterogeneity, as well as drug resistance. Until now, the rarity and heterogeneity of CTCs have been technical challenges to their wider use in clinical studies, but microfluidic-based isolation technologies have emerged as promising tools to address these limitations. This review provides a detailed overview of latest and leading microfluidic devices implemented for CTC isolation. In particular, this study details must-have device performances and highlights the tradeoff between recovery and purity. Finally, the review gives a report of CTC potential clinical applications that can be conducted after CTC isolation. Widespread microfluidic devices, which aim to support liquid-biopsy-based applications, will represent a paradigm shift for cancer clinical care in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Descamps
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, CPE Lyon, INL, UMR5270, 69622 Villeurbanne, France;
| | - Damien Le Roy
- Institut Lumière Matière ILM-UMR 5306, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France;
| | - Anne-Laure Deman
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, CPE Lyon, INL, UMR5270, 69622 Villeurbanne, France;
- Correspondence:
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23
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Chen Z, He X. Application of third-generation sequencing in cancer research. MEDICAL REVIEW (BERLIN, GERMANY) 2021; 1:150-171. [PMID: 37724303 PMCID: PMC10388785 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2021-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
In the past several years, nanopore sequencing technology from Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) and single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing technology from Pacific BioSciences (PacBio) have become available to researchers and are currently being tested for cancer research. These methods offer many advantages over most widely used high-throughput short-read sequencing approaches and allow the comprehensive analysis of transcriptomes by identifying full-length splice isoforms and several other posttranscriptional events. In addition, these platforms enable structural variation characterization at a previously unparalleled resolution and direct detection of epigenetic marks in native DNA and RNA. Here, we present a comprehensive summary of important applications of these technologies in cancer research, including the identification of complex structure variants, alternatively spliced isoforms, fusion transcript events, and exogenous RNA. Furthermore, we discuss the impact of the newly developed nanopore direct RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) approach in advancing epitranscriptome research in cancer. Although the unique challenges still present for these new single-molecule long-read methods, they will unravel many aspects of cancer genome complexity in unprecedented ways and present an encouraging outlook for continued application in an increasing number of different cancer research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiao Chen
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianghuo He
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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24
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Abstract
Sperm selection in the female reproductive tract (FRT) is sophisticated. Only about 1,000 sperm out of millions in an ejaculate reach the fallopian tube and thus have a chance of fertilizing an oocyte. In assisted reproduction techniques, sperm are usually selected using their density or motility, characteristics that do not reflect their fertilization competence and, therefore, might result in failure to fertilize the oocyte. Although sperm processing in in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intrauterine insemination (IUI) bypasses many of the selection processes in the FRT, selection by the cumulus mass and the zona pellucida remain intact. By contrast, the direct injection of a sperm into an oocyte in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) bypasses all natural selection barriers and, therefore, increases the risk of transferring paternal defects such as fragmented DNA and genomic abnormalities in sperm to the resulting child. Research into surrogate markers of fertilization potential and into simulating the natural sperm selection processes has progressed. However, methods of sperm isolation - such as hyaluronic acid-based selection and microfluidic isolation based on sperm tactic responses - use only one or two parameters and are not comparable with the multistep sperm selection processes naturally occurring within the FRT. Fertilization-competent sperm require a panel of molecules, including zona pellucida-binding proteins and ion channel proteins, that enable them to progress through the FRT to achieve fertilization. The optimal artificial sperm selection method will, therefore, probably need to use a multiparameter tool that incorporates the molecular signature of sperm with high fertilization potential, and their responses to external cues, within a microfluidic system that can replicate the physiological processes of the FRT in vitro.
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25
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Zhang T, Chen J, Niu L, Liu Y, Ye G, Jiang M, Qi Z. Clinical Safety and Efficacy of Locoregional Therapy Combined with Adoptive Transfer of Allogeneic γδ T Cells for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2021; 33:19-27.e3. [PMID: 34600129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the safety and efficacy of locoregional therapy plus adoptive transfer of allogeneic gamma delta (γδ) T cells for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). METHODS Thirty patients with HCC and 29 patients with ICC were randomly assigned to receive locoregional therapy (HCC, Group A, n = 15; ICC, Group C, n = 15) or locoregional therapy plus γδ T cell therapy (HCC, Group B, n = 15; ICC, Group D, n = 14). Groups A and C only received locoregional ablation (cryoablation or irreversible electroporation), whereas Groups B and D received locoregional therapy followed by adoptive transfer of allogeneic γδ T cells. The primary endpoints were safety, distant progression-free survival (PFS), local PFS, and overall survival (OS). RESULTS The median distant PFS was significantly longer in the combined treatment groups than the locoregional treatment groups (HCC: 8 vs 4 months, P = .04; ICC: 8 vs 4 months, P = .021). There was no significant difference in local PFS between the 2 treatment modalities. HCC patients in the combined treatment group had a longer OS (median OS: 13 vs 8 months, P = .029). However, there was no significant difference in OS in ICC patients between the 2 treatment modalities (median OS: 9.5 vs 8 months, P = .546). All adverse events were manageable with no significant difference in incidence between groups. CONCLUSIONS The novel combination of locoregional ablation with adoptive transfer of allogeneic γδ cells was safe, with encouraging clinical efficacy against HCC and ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jibing Chen
- Fuda Cancer Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lizhi Niu
- Fuda Cancer Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Medical College of Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Guangbin Ye
- Medical College of Guangxi University, Nanning, China; Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Minli Jiang
- Medical College of Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhongquan Qi
- Medical College of Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
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