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Kang J, Wu J, Liu Q, Jiang H, Li W, Li Y, Li X, Ni C, Wu L, Liu M, Liu H, Deng L, Lin Z, Wu X, Zhao Y, Ren J. FASN regulates STING palmitoylation via malonyl-CoA in macrophages to alleviate sepsis-induced liver injury. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167299. [PMID: 38878833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
STING (stimulator of interferon genes) is a critical immunoregulatory protein in sepsis and is regulated by various mechanisms, especially palmitoylation. FASN (fatty acid synthase) is the rate-limiting enzyme to generate cellular palmitic acid (PA) via acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA and participates in protein palmitoylation. However, the mechanisms underlying the interaction between STING and FASN have not been completely understood. In this study, STING-knockout mice were used to confirm the pivotal role of STING in sepsis-induced liver injury. Metabolomics confirmed the dyslipidemia in septic mice and patients. The compounds library was screened, revealing that FASN inhibitors exerted a significant inhibitory effect on the STING pathway. Mechanically, the regulatory effect of FASN on the STING pathway was dependent on palmitoylation. Further experiments indicated that the upstream of FASN, malonyl-CoA inhibited STING pathway possibly due to C91 (palmitoylated residue) of STING. Overall, this study reveals a novel paradigm of STING regulation and provides a new perspective on immunity and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Kang
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of General Surgery, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Qinjie Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Weizhen Li
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Yangguang Li
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xuanheng Li
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Chujun Ni
- Surgical Research Laboratory, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Lei Wu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Mingda Liu
- The Core Laboratory, Nanjing BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Haiqing Liu
- Surgical Research Laboratory, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Liting Deng
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zexing Lin
- Department of General Surgery, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiuwen Wu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Jianan Ren
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China.
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Vanauberg D, Schulz C, Lefebvre T. Involvement of the pro-oncogenic enzyme fatty acid synthase in the hallmarks of cancer: a promising target in anti-cancer therapies. Oncogenesis 2023; 12:16. [PMID: 36934087 PMCID: PMC10024702 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-023-00460-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
An accelerated de novo lipogenesis (DNL) flux is a common characteristic of cancer cells required to sustain a high proliferation rate. The DNL enzyme fatty acid synthase (FASN) is overexpressed in many cancers and is pivotal for the increased production of fatty acids. There is increasing evidences of the involvement of FASN in several hallmarks of cancer linked to its ability to promote cell proliferation via membranes biosynthesis. In this review we discuss about the implication of FASN in the resistance to cell death and in the deregulation of cellular energetics by increasing nucleic acids, protein and lipid synthesis. FASN also promotes cell proliferation, cell invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis by enabling the building of lipid rafts and consequently to the localization of oncogenic receptors such as HER2 and c-Met in membrane microdomains. Finally, FASN is involved in immune escape by repressing the activation of pro-inflammatory cells and promoting the recruitment of M2 macrophages and T regulatory cells in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we provide an overview of the involvement of the pro-oncogenic enzyme in the hallmarks of cancer making FASN a promising target in anti-cancer therapy to circumvent resistance to chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Vanauberg
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Céline Schulz
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Tony Lefebvre
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France.
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Second malignant neoplasms in lymphomas, secondary lymphomas and lymphomas in metabolic disorders/diseases. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:30. [PMID: 35279210 PMCID: PMC8917635 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00763-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
With inconsistent findings, evidence has been obtained in recent years that metabolic disorders are closely associated with the development of lymphomas. Studies and multiple analyses have been published also indicating that some solid tumor survivors develop a secondary lymphoma, whereas some lymphoma survivors subsequently develop a second malignant neoplasm (SMN), particularly solid tumors. An interaction between the multiple etiologic factors such as genetic factors and late effects of cancer therapy may play an important role contributing to the carcinogenesis in patients with metabolic diseases or with a primary cancer. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the multiple etiologic factors for lymphomagenesis, focusing on the SMN in lymphoma, secondary lymphomas in primary cancers, and the lymphomas associated to metabolic disorders/diseases, which have been received less attention previously. Further, we also review the data of coexistence of lymphomas and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with infection of hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus.
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An Analysis of Transcriptomic Burden Identifies Biological Progression Roadmaps for Hematological Malignancies and Solid Tumors. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112720. [DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological paths of tumor progression are difficult to predict without time-series data. Using median shift and abacus transformation in the analysis of RNA sequencing data sets, natural patient stratifications were found based on their transcriptomic burden (TcB). Using gene-behavior analysis, TcB groups were evaluated further to discover biological courses of tumor progression. We found that solid tumors and hematological malignancies (n = 4179) share conserved biological patterns, and biological network complexity decreases at increasing TcB levels. An analysis of gene expression datasets including pediatric leukemia patients revealed TcB patterns with biological directionality and survival implications. A prospective interventional study with PI3K targeted therapy in canine lymphomas proved that directional biological responses are dynamic. To conclude, TcB-enriched biological mechanisms detected the existence of biological trajectories within tumors. Using this prognostic informative novel informatics method, which can be applied to tumor transcriptomes and progressive diseases inspires the design of progression-specific therapeutic approaches.
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Bhatt R, Ravi D, Evens AM, Parekkadan B. Scaffold-mediated switching of lymphoma metabolism in culture. Cancer Metab 2022; 10:15. [PMID: 36224623 PMCID: PMC9559005 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-022-00291-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and accounts for about a third of all NHL cases. A significant proportion (~40%) of treated DLBCL patients develop refractory or relapsed disease due to drug resistance which can be attributed to metabolomic and genetic variations amongst diverse DLBCL subtypes. An assay platform that reproduces metabolic patterns of DLBCL in vivo could serve as a useful model for DLBCL. Methods This report investigated metabolic functions in 2D and 3D cell cultures using parental and drug-resistant DLBCL cell lines as compared to patient biopsy tissue. Results A 3D culture model controlled the proliferation of parental and drug-resistant DLBCL cell lines, SUDHL-10, SUDHL-10 RR (rituximab resistant), and SUDHL-10 OR (obinutuzumab resistant), as well as retained differential sensitivity to CHOP. The results from metabolic profiling and isotope tracer studies with d-glucose-13C6 indicated metabolic switching in 3D culture when compared with a 2D environment. Analysis of DLBCL patient tumor tissue revealed that the metabolic changes in 3D grown cells were shifted towards that of clinical specimens. Conclusion 3D culture restrained DLBCL cell line growth and modulated metabolic pathways that trend towards the biological characteristics of patient tumors. Counter-intuitively, this research thereby contends that 3D matrices can be a tool to control tumor function towards a slower growing and metabolically dormant state that better reflects in vivo tumor physiology. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40170-022-00291-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Bhatt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Dashnamoorthy Ravi
- Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Andrew M Evens
- Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Biju Parekkadan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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Fatty acid metabolism in aggressive B-cell lymphoma is inhibited by tetraspanin CD37. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5371. [PMID: 36100608 PMCID: PMC9470561 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33138-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of fatty acid (FA) metabolism in cancer is well-established, yet the mechanisms underlying metabolic reprogramming remain elusive. Here, we identify tetraspanin CD37, a prognostic marker for aggressive B-cell lymphoma, as essential membrane-localized inhibitor of FA metabolism. Deletion of CD37 on lymphoma cells results in increased FA oxidation shown by functional assays and metabolomics. Furthermore, CD37-negative lymphomas selectively deplete palmitate from serum in mouse studies. Mechanistically, CD37 inhibits the FA transporter FATP1 through molecular interaction. Consequently, deletion of CD37 induces uptake and processing of exogenous palmitate into energy and essential building blocks for proliferation, and inhibition of FATP1 reverses this phenotype. Large lipid deposits and intracellular lipid droplets are observed in CD37-negative lymphoma tissues of patients. Moreover, inhibition of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 A significantly compromises viability and proliferation of CD37-deficient lymphomas. Collectively, our results identify CD37 as a direct gatekeeper of the FA metabolic switch in aggressive B-cell lymphoma. Tetraspanin CD37 deficiency has been reported as a prognostic marker for aggressive B-cell lymphoma. Here, the authors show that CD37 interacts with the fatty acid transporter 1 to inhibit palmitate uptake and its deficiency leads to increased fatty acid metabolism which promotes tumorigenesis in B-cell lymphoma.
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Ward AV, Anderson SM, Sartorius CA. Advances in Analyzing the Breast Cancer Lipidome and Its Relevance to Disease Progression and Treatment. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2021; 26:399-417. [PMID: 34914014 PMCID: PMC8883833 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-021-09505-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal lipid metabolism is common in breast cancer with the three main subtypes, hormone receptor (HR) positive, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) positive, and triple negative, showing common and distinct lipid dependencies. A growing body of studies identify altered lipid metabolism as impacting breast cancer cell growth and survival, plasticity, drug resistance, and metastasis. Lipids are a class of nonpolar or polar (amphipathic) biomolecules that can be produced in cells via de novo synthesis or acquired from the microenvironment. The three main functions of cellular lipids are as essential components of membranes, signaling molecules, and nutrient storage. The use of mass spectrometry-based lipidomics to analyze the global cellular lipidome has become more prevalent in breast cancer research. In this review, we discuss current lipidomic methodologies, highlight recent breast cancer lipidomic studies and how these findings connect to disease progression and therapeutic development, and the potential use of lipidomics as a diagnostic tool in breast cancer. A better understanding of the breast cancer lipidome and how it changes during drug resistance and tumor progression will allow informed development of diagnostics and novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley V Ward
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Steven M Anderson
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Carol A Sartorius
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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