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Xue Y, Ruan Y, Wang Y, Xiao P, Xu J. Signaling pathways in liver cancer: pathogenesis and targeted therapy. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2024; 5:20. [PMID: 38816668 PMCID: PMC11139849 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-024-00184-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer remains one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide with high incidence and mortality rates. Due to its subtle onset, liver cancer is commonly diagnosed at a late stage when surgical interventions are no longer feasible. This situation highlights the critical role of systemic treatments, including targeted therapies, in bettering patient outcomes. Despite numerous studies on the mechanisms underlying liver cancer, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the only widely used clinical inhibitors, represented by sorafenib, whose clinical application is greatly limited by the phenomenon of drug resistance. Here we show an in-depth discussion of the signaling pathways frequently implicated in liver cancer pathogenesis and the inhibitors targeting these pathways under investigation or already in use in the management of advanced liver cancer. We elucidate the oncogenic roles of these pathways in liver cancer especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as well as the current state of research on inhibitors respectively. Given that TKIs represent the sole class of targeted therapeutics for liver cancer employed in clinical practice, we have particularly focused on TKIs and the mechanisms of the commonly encountered phenomena of its resistance during HCC treatment. This necessitates the imperative development of innovative targeted strategies and the urgency of overcoming the existing limitations. This review endeavors to shed light on the utilization of targeted therapy in advanced liver cancer, with a vision to improve the unsatisfactory prognostic outlook for those patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangtao Xue
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Innovation and Application of Minimally Invasive Instruments, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease, Zhejiang Research and Development Engineering Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Technology and Equipment, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yeling Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Innovation and Application of Minimally Invasive Instruments, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease, Zhejiang Research and Development Engineering Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Technology and Equipment, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Innovation and Application of Minimally Invasive Instruments, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease, Zhejiang Research and Development Engineering Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Technology and Equipment, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
| | - Junjie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Innovation and Application of Minimally Invasive Instruments, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease, Zhejiang Research and Development Engineering Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Technology and Equipment, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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2
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Costanzo V, Ratre YK, Andretta E, Acharya R, Bhaskar LVKS, Verma HK. A Comprehensive Review of Cancer Drug-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Blood Cancer Patients: Current Perspectives and Therapeutic Strategies. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2024; 25:465-495. [PMID: 38372853 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-023-01175-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Cardiotoxicity has emerged as a serious outcome catalyzed by various therapeutic targets in the field of cancer treatment, which includes chemotherapy, radiation, and targeted therapies. The growing significance of cancer drug-induced cardiotoxicity (CDIC) and radiation-induced cardiotoxicity (CRIC) necessitates immediate attention. This article intricately unveils how cancer treatments cause cardiotoxicity, which is exacerbated by patient-specific risks. In particular, drugs like anthracyclines, alkylating agents, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors pose a risk, along with factors such as hypertension and diabetes. Mechanistic insights into oxidative stress and topoisomerase-II-B inhibition are crucial, while cardiac biomarkers show early damage. Timely intervention and prompt treatment, especially with specific agents like dexrazoxane and beta-blockers, are pivotal in the proactive management of CDIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Costanzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Emanuela Andretta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Rakesh Acharya
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - L V K S Bhaskar
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Henu Kumar Verma
- Department of Immunopathology, Institute of Lungs Health and Immunity, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Zentrum, Neuherberg, 85764, Munich, Germany.
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3
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Radhakrishnan V, Golla U, Kudva AK. Role of Immune Cells and Immunotherapy in Multiple Myeloma. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:461. [PMID: 38672732 PMCID: PMC11050867 DOI: 10.3390/life14040461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The clinical signs of multiple myeloma, a plasma cell (PC) dyscrasia, include bone loss, renal damage, and paraproteinemia. It can be defined as the uncontrolled growth of malignant PCs within the bone marrow. The distinctive bone marrow milieu that regulates the progression of myeloma disease involves interactions between plasma and stromal cells, and myeloid and lymphoid cells. These cells affect the immune system independently or because of a complicated web of interconnections, which promotes disease development and immune evasion. Due to the importance of these factors in the onset of disease, various therapeutic strategies have been created that either target or improve the immunological processes that influence disease progression. The immune system has a role in the mechanism of action of multiple myeloma treatments. The main contributions of immune cells to the bone marrow microenvironment, as well as how they interact and how immune regulation might lead to therapeutic effects, are covered in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Radhakrishnan
- Department of Surgery, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, Roy Blunt NextGen Precision Health Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
| | - Upendarrao Golla
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| | - Avinash Kundadka Kudva
- Department of Biochemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Mangaluru 574199, India
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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4
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Pelon M, Krzeminski P, Tracz-Gaszewska Z, Misiewicz-Krzeminska I. Factors determining the sensitivity to proteasome inhibitors of multiple myeloma cells. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1351565. [PMID: 38500772 PMCID: PMC10944964 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1351565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is an incurable cancer that originates from antibody-producing plasma cells. It is characterized by an intrinsic ability to produce large amounts of immunoglobulin-like proteins. The high rate of synthesis makes myeloma cells dependent on protein processing mechanisms related to the proteasome. This dependence made proteasome inhibitors such as bortezomib and carfilzomib one of the most important classes of drugs used in multiple myeloma treatment. Inhibition of the proteasome is associated with alteration of a number of important biological processes leading, in consequence, to inhibition of angiogenesis. The effect of drugs in this group and the degree of patient response to the treatment used is itself an extremely complex process that depends on many factors. At cellular level the change in sensitivity to proteasome inhibitors may be related to differences in the expression level of proteasome subunits, the degree of proteasome loading, metabolic adaptation, transcriptional or epigenetic factors. These are just some of the possibilities that may influence differences in response to proteasome inhibitors. This review describes the main cellular factors that determine the degree of response to proteasome inhibitor drugs, as well as information on the key role of the proteasome and the performance characteristics of the inhibitors that are the mainstay of multiple myeloma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pelon
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patryk Krzeminski
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Biology Institute, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Tracz-Gaszewska
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
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5
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Giurini EF, Godla A, Gupta KH. Redefining bioactive small molecules from microbial metabolites as revolutionary anticancer agents. Cancer Gene Ther 2024; 31:187-206. [PMID: 38200347 PMCID: PMC10874892 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00715-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Cancer treatment remains a significant challenge due to issues such as acquired resistance to conventional therapies and the occurrence of adverse treatment-related toxicities. In recent years, researchers have turned their attention to the microbial world in search of novel and effective drugs to combat this devastating disease. Microbial derived secondary metabolites have proven to be a valuable source of biologically active compounds, which exhibit diverse functions and have demonstrated potential as treatments for various human diseases. The exploration of these compounds has provided valuable insights into their mechanisms of action against cancer cells. In-depth studies have been conducted on clinically established microbial metabolites, unraveling their anticancer properties, and shedding light on their therapeutic potential. This review aims to comprehensively examine the anticancer mechanisms of these established microbial metabolites. Additionally, it highlights the emerging therapies derived from these metabolites, offering a glimpse into the immense potential they hold for anticancer drug discovery. Furthermore, this review delves into approved treatments and major drug candidates currently undergoing clinical trials, focusing on specific molecular targets. It also addresses the challenges and issues encountered in the field of anticancer drug research and development. It also presents a comprehensive exposition of the contemporary panorama concerning microbial metabolites serving as a reservoir for anticancer agents, thereby illuminating their auspicious prospects and the prospect of forthcoming strides in the domain of cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileena F Giurini
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Aishvarya Godla
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Kajal H Gupta
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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6
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Zhang CW, Wang YN, Ge XL. Lenalidomide use in multiple myeloma (Review). Mol Clin Oncol 2024; 20:7. [PMID: 38125742 PMCID: PMC10729307 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2023.2705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lenalidomide is a second-generation new immunomodulatory medication used to treat multiple myeloma (MM). Its mechanism of action involves affecting the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukin-6, cytochrome c, caspase-8, as well as other factors including immunological modulation and the direct killing of cells, among others, rendering it a fundamental medication, useful for the treatment of MM. Combining lenalidomide with other medications such dexamethasone, bortezomib, ixazomib, carfilzomib and daratumumab can markedly alleviate MM. When autologous-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) cannot be utilized to treat newly diagnosed individuals with MM (NDMM), monotherapy maintenance following lenalidomide and dexamethasone may be employed. Following ASCT, single-agent maintenance with lenalidomide can be performed as an additional treatment. The combination of bortezomib and lenalidomide has been demonstrated to be associated with favorable response rates, tolerable toxicity, and therapeutic benefits although caution is warranted to prevent the onset of peripheral neuropathy with its use. A new-generation oral drug with an excellent safety profile, ixazomib, is more practical and therapeutically applicable in relapsed refractory MM. However, the frequent occurrence of cardiovascular events, hematocrit, and infections with it require flexible adjustment in its clinical application. Carfilzomib produces a rapid and profound response in patients with NDMM eligible for transplantation, but its cardiovascular side effects need to be closely monitored. The primary aim of the present review was to examine the pharmacological properties and pharmacokinetics of lenalidomide, as well as the efficacy and safety of lenalidomide-based treatments with reference to data from clinical trials and real-world studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Wei Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Nan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Ling Ge
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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7
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ZHAO JIE, YANG XUANTAO, ZHANG HAIXI, GU XUEZHONG. Identification of TNFRSF1A as a novel regulator of carfilzomib resistance in multiple myeloma. Oncol Res 2023; 32:325-337. [PMID: 38186567 PMCID: PMC10765120 DOI: 10.32604/or.2023.030770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological tumor with high mortality and recurrence rate. Carfilzomib is a new-generation proteasome inhibitor that is used as the first-line therapy for MM. However, the development of drug resistance is a pervasive obstacle to treating MM. Therefore, elucidating the drug resistance mechanisms is conducive to the formulation of novel therapeutic therapies. To elucidate the mechanisms of carfilzomib resistance, we retrieved the GSE78069 microarray dataset containing carfilzomib-resistant LP-1 MM cells and parental MM cells. Differential gene expression analyses revealed major alterations in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and cell adhesion molecules. The upregulation of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily member 1A (TNFRSF1A) gene was accompanied by the downregulation of MHC genes and cell adhesion molecules. Furthermore, to investigate the roles of these genes, we established a carfilzomib-resistant cell model and observed that carfilzomib resistance induced TNFRSF1A overexpression and TNFRSF1A silencing reversed carfilzomib resistance and reactivated the expression of cell adhesion molecules. Furthermore, TNFRSF1A silencing suppressed the tumorigenesis of MM cells in immunocompetent mice, indicating that TNFRSF1A may lead to carfilzomib resistance by dampening antitumor immunity. Furthermore, our results indicated that TNFRSF1A overexpression conferred carfilzomib resistance in MM cells and suppressed the expression of MHC genes and cell adhesion molecules. The suppression of MHC genes and cell adhesion molecules may impair the interaction between immune cells and cancer cells to impair antitumor immunity. Future studies are warranted to further investigate the signaling pathway underlying the regulatory role of TNFRSF1A in MM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- JIE ZHAO
- Department of Hematology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Yunnan Province Clinical Center for Hematologic Disease, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - XUANTAO YANG
- Department of Pathology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - HAIXI ZHANG
- Department of Hematology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Yunnan Province Clinical Center for Hematologic Disease, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - XUEZHONG GU
- Department of Hematology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Yunnan Province Clinical Center for Hematologic Disease, Kunming, 650032, China
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8
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Tilmont R, Yakoub-Agha I, Eikema DJ, Zinger N, Haenel M, Schaap N, Arroyo CH, Schuermans C, Besemer B, Engelhardt M, Kuball J, Michieli M, Schub N, Wilson KMO, Bourhis JH, Mateos MV, Rabin N, Jost E, Kröger N, Moraleda JM, Za T, Hayden PJ, Beksac M, Mclornan D, Schönland S, Manier S. Carfilzomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone followed by a second ASCT is an effective strategy in first relapse multiple myeloma: a study on behalf of the Chronic malignancies working party of the EBMT. Bone Marrow Transplant 2023; 58:1182-1188. [PMID: 37543712 PMCID: PMC10622318 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-023-02048-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
In the setting of a first relapse of multiple myeloma (MM), a second autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) following carfilzomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone (KRd) is an option, although there is scarce data concerning this approach. We performed a retrospective study involving 22 EBMT-affiliated centers. Eligible MM patients had received a second-line treatment with KRd induction followed by a second ASCT between 2016 and 2018. Primary objective was to estimate progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Secondary objectives were to assess the response rate and identify significant variables affecting PFS and OS. Fifty-one patients were identified, with a median age of 62 years. Median PFS after ASCT was 29.5 months while 24- and 36-months OS rates were 92.1% and 84.5%, respectively. Variables affecting PFS were an interval over four years between transplants and the achievement of a very good partial response (VGPR) or better before the relapse ASCT. Our study suggests that a relapse treatment with ASCT after KRd induction is an effective strategy for patients with a lenalidomide-sensitive first relapse. Patients with at least four years of remission after a frontline ASCT and who achieved at least a VGPR after KRd induction appear to benefit the most from this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Tilmont
- Hematologie Clinique, CHU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Ibrahim Yakoub-Agha
- Hematologie Clinique, CHU de Lille, Lille, France
- CHU de Lille, Univ Lille, INSERM U1286, Infinite, Lille, France
| | | | | | | | - Nicolaas Schaap
- Radboud University, Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Natalie Schub
- University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Neil Rabin
- University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Edgar Jost
- University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | - Tommaso Za
- Section of Hematology, Catholic University, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrick J Hayden
- Department of Haematology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Meral Beksac
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Donal Mclornan
- University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Schönland
- Medizinische Klinik u. Poliklinik V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Salomon Manier
- Hematologie Clinique, CHU de Lille, Lille, France.
- Univ Lille, Canther, INSERM UMR-S1277 CNRS UMR9020, Lille, France.
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9
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Xia D, Zhu X, Wang Y, Gong P, Su HS, Xu X. Implications of ubiquitination and the maintenance of replication fork stability in cancer therapy. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:BSR20222591. [PMID: 37728310 PMCID: PMC10550789 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20222591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA replication forks are subject to intricate surveillance and strict regulation by sophisticated cellular machinery. Such close regulation is necessary to ensure the accurate duplication of genetic information and to tackle the diverse endogenous and exogenous stresses that impede this process. Stalled replication forks are vulnerable to collapse, which is a major cause of genomic instability and carcinogenesis. Replication stress responses, which are organized via a series of coordinated molecular events, stabilize stalled replication forks and carry out fork reversal and restoration. DNA damage tolerance and repair pathways such as homologous recombination and Fanconi anemia also contribute to replication fork stabilization. The signaling network that mediates the transduction and interplay of these pathways is regulated by a series of post-translational modifications, including ubiquitination, which affects the activity, stability, and interactome of substrates. In particular, the ubiquitination of replication protein A and proliferating cell nuclear antigen at stalled replication forks promotes the recruitment of downstream regulators. In this review, we describe the ubiquitination-mediated signaling cascades that regulate replication fork progression and stabilization. In addition, we discuss the targeting of replication fork stability and ubiquitination system components as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Xia
- Shenzhen University General Hospital-Dehua Hospital Joint Research Center on Precision Medicine (sgh-dhhCPM), Dehua Hospital, Dehua, Quanzhou 362500, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, Carson International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-biotechnology and MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefei Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors and Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-biotechnology and MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors and Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Hong-Shu Su
- Shenzhen University General Hospital-Dehua Hospital Joint Research Center on Precision Medicine (sgh-dhhCPM), Dehua Hospital, Dehua, Quanzhou 362500, China
| | - Xingzhi Xu
- Shenzhen University General Hospital-Dehua Hospital Joint Research Center on Precision Medicine (sgh-dhhCPM), Dehua Hospital, Dehua, Quanzhou 362500, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, Carson International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
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10
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Rossino G, Marchese E, Galli G, Verde F, Finizio M, Serra M, Linciano P, Collina S. Peptides as Therapeutic Agents: Challenges and Opportunities in the Green Transition Era. Molecules 2023; 28:7165. [PMID: 37894644 PMCID: PMC10609221 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptides are at the cutting edge of contemporary research for new potent, selective, and safe therapeutical agents. Their rise has reshaped the pharmaceutical landscape, providing solutions to challenges that traditional small molecules often cannot address. A wide variety of natural and modified peptides have been obtained and studied, and many others are advancing in clinical trials, covering multiple therapeutic areas. As the demand for peptide-based therapies grows, so does the need for sustainable and environmentally friendly synthesis methods. Traditional peptide synthesis, while effective, often involves environmentally draining processes, generating significant waste and consuming vast resources. The integration of green chemistry offers sustainable alternatives, prioritizing eco-friendly processes, waste reduction, and energy conservation. This review delves into the transformative potential of applying green chemistry principles to peptide synthesis by discussing relevant examples of the application of such approaches to the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) with a peptide structure and how these efforts are critical for an effective green transition era in the pharmaceutical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Rossino
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.R.); (E.M.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Emanuela Marchese
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.R.); (E.M.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Galli
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.R.); (E.M.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Francesca Verde
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.R.); (E.M.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Matteo Finizio
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.R.); (E.M.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Massimo Serra
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.R.); (E.M.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Pasquale Linciano
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.R.); (E.M.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Simona Collina
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.R.); (E.M.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
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11
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Meenaghan T, Hayat A, Walpole G, Dowling M. Advances in the management of myeloma: an update. BRITISH JOURNAL OF NURSING (MARK ALLEN PUBLISHING) 2023; 32:S4-S12. [PMID: 37737854 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2023.32.17.s4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Myeloma is an aggressive B-cell malignancy resulting from an uncontrolled production of plasma cells in the bone marrow. A multitude of drugs and combinations of drugs are now approved for use to treat this complex disease and nurses require knowledge and skills in recognising and managing new side effects associated with these treatments. This article presents an overview of some of the newer and recently approved drugs and the important side effects that have been associated with them. Clinical nurse specialists and advanced nurse practitioners are at the forefront of patients' treatment journeys and play a central role in supporting patients and families to manage side effects. Through this support, patients can continue the treatments for as long as possible with the aim of maintaining a good quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Meenaghan
- Advanced Nurse Practitioner, Haematology Department, Galway University Hospital, Ireland
| | - Amjad Hayat
- Consultant Haematologist and Director of Blood and Tissue Establishment and the Stem Cell Lab, Haematology Department, Galway University Hospital, Ireland
| | - Geraldine Walpole
- Advanced Nurse Practitioner, Haematology, Sligo University Hospital, Ireland
| | - Maura Dowling
- Associate Professor, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Galway, Ireland
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12
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Nhàn NTT, Yamada T, Yamada KH. Peptide-Based Agents for Cancer Treatment: Current Applications and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12931. [PMID: 37629112 PMCID: PMC10454368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide-based strategies have received an enormous amount of attention because of their specificity and applicability. Their specificity and tumor-targeting ability are applied to diagnosis and treatment for cancer patients. In this review, we will summarize recent advancements and future perspectives on peptide-based strategies for cancer treatment. The literature search was conducted to identify relevant articles for peptide-based strategies for cancer treatment. It was performed using PubMed for articles in English until June 2023. Information on clinical trials was also obtained from ClinicalTrial.gov. Given that peptide-based strategies have several advantages such as targeted delivery to the diseased area, personalized designs, relatively small sizes, and simple production process, bioactive peptides having anti-cancer activities (anti-cancer peptides or ACPs) have been tested in pre-clinical settings and clinical trials. The capability of peptides for tumor targeting is essentially useful for peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs), diagnosis, and image-guided surgery. Immunomodulation with peptide vaccines has been extensively tested in clinical trials. Despite such advantages, FDA-approved peptide agents for solid cancer are still limited. This review will provide a detailed overview of current approaches, design strategies, routes of administration, and new technological advancements. We will highlight the success and limitations of peptide-based therapies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyễn Thị Thanh Nhàn
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Tohru Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Richard & Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois College of Engineering, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Kaori H. Yamada
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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13
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Guedes RA, Grilo JH, Carvalho AN, Fernandes PMP, Ressurreição AS, Brito V, Santos AO, Silvestre S, Gallerani E, Gama MJ, Gavioli R, Salvador JAR, Guedes RC. New Scaffolds of Proteasome Inhibitors: Boosting Anticancer Potential by Exploiting the Synergy of In Silico and In Vitro Methodologies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1096. [PMID: 37631011 PMCID: PMC10458307 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex multifactorial disease whose pathophysiology involves multiple metabolic pathways, including the ubiquitin-proteasome system, for which several proteasome inhibitors have already been approved for clinical use. However, the resistance to existing therapies and the occurrence of severe adverse effects is still a concern. The purpose of this study was the discovery of novel scaffolds of proteasome inhibitors with anticancer activity, aiming to overcome the limitations of the existing proteasome inhibitors. Thus, a structure-based virtual screening protocol was developed using the structure of the human 20S proteasome, and 246 compounds from virtual databases were selected for in vitro evaluation, namely proteasome inhibition assays and cell viability assays. Compound 4 (JHG58) was shortlisted as the best hit compound based on its potential in terms of proteasome inhibitory activity and its ability to induce cell death (both with IC50 values in the low micromolar range). Molecular docking studies revealed that compound 4 interacts with key residues, namely with the catalytic Thr1, Ala20, Thr21, Lys33, and Asp125 at the chymotrypsin-like catalytic active site. The hit compound is a good candidate for additional optimization through a hit-to-lead campaign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina A. Guedes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal or (R.A.G.); (J.H.G.); (A.N.C.); (P.M.P.F.); (A.S.R.); (M.J.G.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge H. Grilo
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal or (R.A.G.); (J.H.G.); (A.N.C.); (P.M.P.F.); (A.S.R.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Andreia N. Carvalho
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal or (R.A.G.); (J.H.G.); (A.N.C.); (P.M.P.F.); (A.S.R.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Pedro M. P. Fernandes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal or (R.A.G.); (J.H.G.); (A.N.C.); (P.M.P.F.); (A.S.R.); (M.J.G.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana S. Ressurreição
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal or (R.A.G.); (J.H.G.); (A.N.C.); (P.M.P.F.); (A.S.R.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Vanessa Brito
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (V.B.); (A.O.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Adriana O. Santos
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (V.B.); (A.O.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Samuel Silvestre
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (V.B.); (A.O.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Eleonora Gallerani
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Maria João Gama
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal or (R.A.G.); (J.H.G.); (A.N.C.); (P.M.P.F.); (A.S.R.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Riccardo Gavioli
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Jorge A. R. Salvador
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rita C. Guedes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal or (R.A.G.); (J.H.G.); (A.N.C.); (P.M.P.F.); (A.S.R.); (M.J.G.)
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14
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Kim YJ, Lee Y, Shin H, Hwang S, Park J, Song EJ. Ubiquitin-proteasome system as a target for anticancer treatment-an update. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:573-597. [PMID: 37541992 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01455-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
As the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) regulates almost every biological process, the dysregulation or aberrant expression of the UPS components causes many pathological disorders, including cancers. To find a novel target for anticancer therapy, the UPS has been an active area of research since the FDA's first approval of a proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in 2003 for treating multiple myeloma (MM). Here, we summarize newly described UPS components, including E3 ubiquitin ligases, deubiquitinases (DUBs), and immunoproteasome, whose malfunction leads to tumorigenesis and whose inhibitors have been investigated in clinical trials as anticancer therapy since 2020. We explain the mechanism and effects of several inhibitors in depth to better comprehend the advantages of targeting UPS components for cancer treatment. In addition, we describe attempts to overcome resistance and limited efficacy of some launched proteasome inhibitors, as well as an emerging PROTAC-based tool targeting UPS components for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Jung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjoo Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungkyung Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - SuA Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Park
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio‑Medical Science and Technology, KIST‑School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Song
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Antony ML, Chang D, Noble-Orcutt KE, Kay A, Jensen JL, Mohei H, Myers CL, Sachs K, Sachs Z. CD69 marks a subpopulation of acute myeloid leukemia with enhanced colony forming capacity and a unique signaling activation state. Leuk Lymphoma 2023; 64:1262-1274. [PMID: 37161853 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2023.2207698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), leukemia stem cells (LSCs) have self-renewal potential and are responsible for relapse. We previously showed that, in Mll-AF9/NRASG12V murine AML, CD69 expression marks an LSC-enriched subpopulation with enhanced in vivo self-renewal capacity. Here, we used CyTOF to define activated signaling pathways in LSC subpopulations in Mll-AF9/NRASG12V AML. Furthermore, we compared the signaling activation states of CD69High and CD36High subsets of primary human AML. The human CD69High subset expresses low levels of Ki67 and high levels of NFκB and pMAPKAPKII. Additionally, the human CD69High AML subset also has enhanced colony-forming capacity. We applied Bayesian network modeling to compare the global signaling network within the human AML subsets. We find that distinct signaling states, distinguished by NFκB and pMAPKAPKII levels, correlate with divergent functional subsets, defined by CD69 and CD36 expression, in human AML. Targeting NFκB with proteasome inhibition diminished colony formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Lue Antony
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Daniel Chang
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Klara E Noble-Orcutt
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Anna Kay
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Jensen
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hesham Mohei
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chad L Myers
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Karen Sachs
- Next Generation Analytics, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Zohar Sachs
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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16
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Gupta S, Lee HO, Wang L, Kruger WD. Examination of two different proteasome inhibitors in reactivating mutant human cystathionine β-synthase in mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286550. [PMID: 37319242 PMCID: PMC10270616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Classic homocystinuria is an inborn error of metabolism caused mainly by missense mutations leading to misfolded and/or unstable human cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) protein, causing the accumulation of excess total homocysteine (tHcy) in tissues. Previously, it has been shown that certain missense containing human CBS proteins can be functionally rescued in mouse models of CBS deficiency by treatment with proteasome inhibitors. The rescue by proteasome inhibitors is thought to work both by inhibiting the degradation of misfolded CBS protein and by inducing the levels of heat-shock chaperone proteins in the liver. Here we examine the effectiveness of two FDA approved protease inhibitors, carfilzomib and bortezomib, on various transgenic mouse models of human CBS deficiency. Our results show that although both drugs are effective in inducing the liver chaperone proteins Hsp70 and Hsp27, and are effective in inhibiting proteasome function, bortezomib was somewhat more robust in restoring the mutant CBS function. Moreover, there was no significant correlation between proteasome inhibition and CBS activity, suggesting that some of bortezomib's effects are via other mechanisms. We also test the use of low-doses of bortezomib and carfilzomib on various mouse models for extended periods of time and find that while low-doses are less toxic, they are also less effective at restoring CBS function. Overall, these results show that while restoration of mutant CBS function is possible with proteasome inhibitors, the exact mechanism is complicated and it will likely be too toxic for long-term patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Gupta
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Hyung-Ok Lee
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Liqun Wang
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Warren D. Kruger
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
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17
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Doran S, Mysore M, Kassaian SE, Kotloff E, Kamangar F, Emadi A, Apata J, Barr B. Hypertension, smoking, and preexistence of multiple cardiac risk factors correlate with carfilzomib-induced cardiovascular adverse events in a racially diverse population. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1129943. [PMID: 37363095 PMCID: PMC10285053 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1129943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Use of the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib has become a standard of care in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. An association between carfilzomib and cardiovascular adverse events has been well documented, but this had not been investigated in a racially diverse population. Black patients in particular are underrepresented in the reported outcomes of treatment with carfilzomib. Objective The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for carfilzomib-associated cardiovascular events in a diverse, single-center population. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of 161 patients with multiple myeloma treated with carfilzomib between 2011 and 2020 at the University of Maryland Medical Center. Over half (86) were Black patients, with the remainder (75) being White patients. We did a multivariate analysis to determine risk factors for developing cardiovascular events during treatment with carfilzomib. Results There was no statistically significant association with cardiotoxicity and race, gender, or age at first dose of carfilzomib. In multivariable analysis, patients with history of hypertension had a higher risk of cardiotoxicity [adjusted odds ratio (OR): 2.5; 95% CI: 1.1-5.9; P = 0.03] as did those with a history of smoking [OR: 2.8; 95% CI: 1.3-6.4; P = 0.01]. Conclusions Here we report the largest cohort of Black patients treated with carfilzomib as yet reported. The results of this single center retrospective study show history of hypertension and smoking are associated with carfilzomib associated cardiotoxicity in a diverse patient population. There is a need for well-designed prospective studies enrolling a diverse population to investigate potential interventions to prevent carfilzomib-associated cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Doran
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Manu Mysore
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Seyed Ebrahim Kassaian
- Medstar Heart and Vascular Institute, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Ethan Kotloff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Farin Kamangar
- Department of Biology, School of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ashkan Emadi
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jummai Apata
- Center for Urban Health Disparities Research & Innovation, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Brian Barr
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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18
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Costa BA, Mouhieddine TH, Ortiz RJ, Richter J. Revisiting the Role of Alkylating Agents in Multiple Myeloma: Up-to-Date Evidence and Future Perspectives. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 187:104040. [PMID: 37244325 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
From the 1960s to the early 2000s, alkylating agents (e.g., melphalan, cyclophosphamide, and bendamustine) remained a key component of standard therapy for newly-diagnosed or relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM). Later on, their associated toxicities (including second primary malignancies) and the unprecedented efficacy of novel therapies have led clinicians to increasingly consider alkylator-free approaches. Meanwhile, new alkylating agents (e.g., melflufen) and new applications of old alkylators (e.g., lymphodepletion before chimeric antigen receptor T-cell [CAR-T] therapy) have emerged in recent years. Given the expanding use of antigen-directed modalities (e.g., monoclonal antibodies, bispecific antibodies, and CAR-T therapy), this review explores the current and future role of alkylating agents in different treatment settings (e.g., induction, consolidation, stem cell mobilization, pre-transplant conditioning, salvage, bridging, and lymphodepleting chemotherapy) to ellucidate the role of alkylator-based regimens in modern-day MM management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Almeida Costa
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Morningside and West, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tarek H Mouhieddine
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ricardo J Ortiz
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Morningside and West, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua Richter
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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19
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Martin T, Dimopoulos MA, Mikhael J, Yong K, Capra M, Facon T, Hajek R, Špička I, Baker R, Kim K, Martinez G, Min CK, Pour L, Leleu X, Oriol A, Koh Y, Suzuki K, Casca F, Macé S, Risse ML, Moreau P. Isatuximab, carfilzomib, and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma: updated results from IKEMA, a randomized Phase 3 study. Blood Cancer J 2023; 13:72. [PMID: 37156782 PMCID: PMC10166682 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-023-00797-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Longer-term outcomes with the anti-CD38 antibody isatuximab in combination with carfilzomib-dexamethasone (Isa-Kd) were evaluated in the randomized Phase 3 trial IKEMA (NCT03275285), in a prespecified, follow-up analysis of progression-free survival (PFS, primary study endpoint), final complete response (CR) using Hydrashift Isa immunofixation assay, minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity, and safety. Enrolled patients had relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (1-3 prior treatment lines). Isa 10 mg/kg was administered intravenously weekly in cycle 1 then biweekly. Efficacy analyses were performed in the intent-to-treat population (Isa-Kd: n = 179, Kd: n = 123) and safety evaluated in treated patients (Isa-Kd: n = 177, Kd: n = 122). Consistent with the primary interim analysis, the addition of Isa to Kd prolonged PFS (HR 0.58, 95.4% CI: 0.42-0.79; median PFS 35.7 [95% CI: 25.8-44.0] vs 19.2 [95% CI: 15.8-25.0] months). PFS benefit was observed with Isa-Kd across subgroups, including patients with poor prognosis. The stringent CR/CR rate was 44.1% vs 28.5% (odds-ratio: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.26-3.48), the MRD negativity rate 33.5% vs 15.4% (odds-ratio: 2.78, 95% CI: 1.55-4.99) and the MRD negativity CR rate 26.3% vs 12.2%, with Isa-Kd vs Kd. The safety profile of Isa-Kd was similar to that reported in the prior interim analysis. These findings further support Isa-Kd as a standard-of-care treatment for relapsed multiple myeloma patients.Clinical trial information: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03275285.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Martin
- Department of Hematology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | | | - Joseph Mikhael
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, City of Hope Cancer Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Kwee Yong
- Department of Haematology, University College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Marcelo Capra
- Centro Integrado de Hematologia e Oncologia, Hospital Mãe de Deus, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Thierry Facon
- Department of Haematology, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Roman Hajek
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, University Hospital Ostrava and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Špička
- Department of Hematology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ross Baker
- Perth Blood Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Kihyun Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gracia Martinez
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Chang-Ki Min
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ludek Pour
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Xavier Leleu
- Service d'Hématologie et Thérapie Cellulaire, CHU and CIC Inserm, 1402, Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Albert Oriol
- Institut Josep Carreras and Institut Catala d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Youngil Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kenshi Suzuki
- Myeloma/Amyloidosis Center, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Philippe Moreau
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, France
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20
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Mir RH, Mir PA, Uppal J, Chawla A, Patel M, Bardakci F, Adnan M, Mohi-ud-din R. Evolution of Natural Product Scaffolds as Potential Proteasome Inhibitors in Developing Cancer Therapeutics. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040509. [PMID: 37110167 PMCID: PMC10142660 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeostasis between protein synthesis and degradation is a critical biological function involving a lot of precise and intricate regulatory systems. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) is a large, multi-protease complex that degrades most intracellular proteins and accounts for about 80% of cellular protein degradation. The proteasome, a massive multi-catalytic proteinase complex that plays a substantial role in protein processing, has been shown to have a wide range of catalytic activity and is at the center of this eukaryotic protein breakdown mechanism. As cancer cells overexpress proteins that induce cell proliferation, while blocking cell death pathways, UPP inhibition has been used as an anticancer therapy to change the balance between protein production and degradation towards cell death. Natural products have a long history of being used to prevent and treat various illnesses. Modern research has shown that the pharmacological actions of several natural products are involved in the engagement of UPP. Over the past few years, numerous natural compounds have been found that target the UPP pathway. These molecules could lead to the clinical development of novel and potent anticancer medications to combat the onslaught of adverse effects and resistance mechanisms caused by already approved proteasome inhibitors. In this review, we report the importance of UPP in anticancer therapy and the regulatory effects of diverse natural metabolites, their semi-synthetic analogs, and SAR studies on proteasome components, which may aid in discovering a new proteasome regulator for drug development and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyaz Hassan Mir
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Prince Ahad Mir
- Khalsa College of Pharmacy, G.T. Road, Amritsar 143001, Punjab, India
| | - Jasreen Uppal
- Khalsa College of Pharmacy, G.T. Road, Amritsar 143001, Punjab, India
| | - Apporva Chawla
- Khalsa College of Pharmacy, G.T. Road, Amritsar 143001, Punjab, India
| | - Mitesh Patel
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, Gujarat, India
| | - Fevzi Bardakci
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roohi Mohi-ud-din
- Department of General Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar 190001, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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21
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Heinrich L, Kumbier K, Li L, Altschuler SJ, Wu LF. Selection of Optimal Cell Lines for High-Content Phenotypic Screening. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:679-685. [PMID: 36920184 PMCID: PMC10127200 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
High-content microscopy offers a scalable approach to screen against multiple targets in a single pass. Prior work has focused on methods to select "optimal" cellular readouts in microscopy screens. However, methods to select optimal cell line models have garnered much less attention. Here, we provide a roadmap for how to select the cell line or lines that are best suited to identify bioactive compounds and their mechanism of action (MOA). We test our approach on compounds targeting cancer-relevant pathways, ranking cell lines in two tasks: detecting compound activity ("phenoactivity") and grouping compounds with similar MOA by similar phenotype ("phenosimilarity"). Evaluating six cell lines across 3214 well-annotated compounds, we show that optimal cell line selection depends on both the task of interest (e.g., detecting phenoactivity vs inferring phenosimilarity) and distribution of MOAs within the compound library. Given a task of interest and a set of compounds, we provide a systematic framework for choosing optimal cell line(s). Our framework can be used to reduce the number of cell lines required to identify hits within a compound library and help accelerate the pace of early drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Heinrich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Fancisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Karl Kumbier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Fancisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Fancisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Steven J Altschuler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Fancisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Lani F Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Fancisco, California 94158, United States
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22
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Teramachi J, Miki H, Nakamura S, Hiasa M, Harada T, Abe M. Myeloma bone disease: pathogenesis and management in the era of new anti-myeloma agents. J Bone Miner Metab 2023; 41:388-403. [PMID: 36856824 PMCID: PMC9975874 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-023-01403-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of plasma cells with characteristic bone disease. Despite recent great strides achieved in MM treatment owing to the implementation of new anti-MM agents, MM is still incurable and bone destruction remains a serious unmet issue in patients with MM. APPROACH In this review, we will summarize and discuss the mechanisms of the formation of bone disease in MM and the available preclinical and clinical evidence on the treatment for MM bone disease. CONCLUSIONS MM cells produce a variety of cytokines to stimulate receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand-mediated osteoclastogenesis and suppress osteoblastic differentiation from bone marrow stromal cells, leading to extensive bone destruction with rapid loss of bone. MM cells alter the microenvironment through bone destruction where they colonize, which in turn favors tumor growth and survival, thereby forming a vicious cycle between tumor progression and bone destruction. Denosumab or zoledronic acid is currently recommended to be administered at the start of treatment in newly diagnosed patients with MM with bone disease. Proteasome inhibitors and the anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody daratumumab have been demonstrated to exert bone-modifying activity in responders. Besides their anti-tumor activity, the effects of new anti-MM agents on bone metabolism should be more precisely analyzed in patients with MM. Because prognosis in patients with MM has been significantly improved owing to the implementation of new agents, the therapeutic impact of bone-modifying agents should be re-estimated in the era of these new agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Teramachi
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
- Department of Oral Function and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School, 2-5-1 Shikata, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan.
| | - Hirokazu Miki
- Division of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shingen Nakamura
- Department of Community Medicine and Medical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hiasa
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Harada
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masahiro Abe
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
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23
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Ibrahim B, Akere TH, Chakraborty S, Valsami-Jones E, Ali-Boucetta H. Gold Nanoparticles Induced Size Dependent Cytotoxicity on Human Alveolar Adenocarcinoma Cells by Inhibiting the Ubiquitin Proteasome System. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020432. [PMID: 36839757 PMCID: PMC9961554 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are widely used in biomedicine due to their remarkable therapeutic applications. However, little is known about their cytotoxic effects on the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). Herein, the cytotoxicity of different sizes of AuNPs (5, 10, and 80 nm) on the UPS was investigated with a particular focus on deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) such as ubiquitin-specific proteases (USP) and ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolases (UCHL-1) in human alveolar epithelial adenocarcinoma (A549). It was found that all sizes of AuNPs reduced the percentage of viable A549 cells and increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, measured using the MTT and LDH assays, respectively. Furthermore, the 5 nm AuNPs were found to exhibit greater cytotoxicity than the 10 and 80 nm AuNPs. In addition, apoptosis and necrosis were activated through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation due to AuNPs exposure. The internalisation of AuNPs in A549 cells increased with increasing particle size (80 > 10 > 5 nm). Interestingly, the expression of USP7, USP8, USP10, and UCHL-1 was significantly (p < 0.001) downregulated upon treatment with 5-30 µg/mL of all the AuNPs sizes compared to control cells. Moreover, the inhibition of these proteins triggered mitochondrial-related apoptosis through the upregulation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), caspase-3, and caspase-9. Collectively, these results indicate that AuNPs suppress the proliferation of A549 cells and can potentially be used as novel inhibitors of the proteasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashiru Ibrahim
- Nanomedicine, Drug Delivery & Nanotoxicology (NDDN) Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Taiwo Hassan Akere
- Nanomedicine, Drug Delivery & Nanotoxicology (NDDN) Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Swaroop Chakraborty
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Eugenia Valsami-Jones
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Correspondence: (E.V.-J.); (H.A.-B.)
| | - Hanene Ali-Boucetta
- Nanomedicine, Drug Delivery & Nanotoxicology (NDDN) Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Correspondence: (E.V.-J.); (H.A.-B.)
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24
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Anwar IJ, Ezekian B, DeLaura I, Manook M, Schroder P, Yoon J, Curfman V, Branum E, Messina J, Harnois M, Permar SR, Farris AB, Kwun J, Knechtle SJ. Addition of interleukin-6 receptor blockade to carfilzomib-based desensitization in a highly sensitized nonhuman primate model. Am J Transplant 2022; 22 Suppl 4:1-11. [PMID: 36239200 PMCID: PMC9722597 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.17208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Sensitized patients, those who had prior exposure to foreign human leukocyte antigens, are transplanted at lower rates due to challenges in finding suitable organs. Desensitization strategies have permitted highly sensitized patients to undergo kidney transplantation, albeit with higher rates of rejection. This study assesses targeting plasma cell and interleukin (IL)-6 receptor for desensitization in a sensitized nonhuman primate kidney transplantation model. All animals were sensitized using two sequential skin transplants from maximally major histocompatibility complex-mismatched donors. Carfilzomib (CFZ)/tocilizumab (TCZ) desensitization (N = 6) successfully decreased donor-specific antibody (DSA) titers and prevented the expansion of B cells compared to CFZ monotherapy (N = 3). Dual desensitization further delayed, but did not prevent humoral rebound, as evidenced by a delayed increase in post-kidney transplant DSA titers. Accordingly, CFZ/TCZ desensitization conferred a significant survival advantage over CFZ monotherapy. A trend toward increased T follicular helper cells was also observed in the dual therapy group along the same timeline as an increase in DSA and subsequent graft loss. Cytomegalovirus reactivation also occurred in the CFZ/TCZ group but was prevented with ganciclovir prophylaxis. In accordance with prior studies of CFZ-based dual desensitization strategies, the addition of IL-6 receptor blockade resulted in desensitization with further suppression of posttransplant humoral response compared to CFZ monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran J Anwar
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Brian Ezekian
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Isabel DeLaura
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Miriam Manook
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Paul Schroder
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Janghoon Yoon
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Verna Curfman
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Evelyn Branum
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Julia Messina
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Melissa Harnois
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Sallie R. Permar
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Alton B. Farris
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Jean Kwun
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Stuart J. Knechtle
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
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25
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Li Q, Zhang W. Progress in Anticancer Drug Development Targeting Ubiquitination-Related Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315104. [PMID: 36499442 PMCID: PMC9737479 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is extensively involved in critical signaling pathways through monitoring protein stability, subcellular localization, and activity. Dysregulation of this process results in severe diseases including malignant cancers. To develop drugs targeting ubiquitination-related factors is a hotspot in research to realize better therapy of human diseases. Ubiquitination comprises three successive reactions mediated by Ub-activating enzyme E1, Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and Ub ligase E3. As expected, multiple ubiquitination enzymes have been highlighted as targets for anticancer drug development due to their dominant effect on tumorigenesis and cancer progression. In this review, we discuss recent progresses in anticancer drug development targeting enzymatic machinery components.
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26
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Dao A, McDonald MM, Savage PB, Little DG, Schindeler A. Preventing osteolytic lesions and osteomyelitis in multiple myeloma. J Bone Oncol 2022; 37:100460. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2022.100460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Cecarini V, Selmi S, Cuccioloni M, Gong C, Bonfili L, Zheng Y, Cortese M, Angeletti M, Kilani S, Eleuteri AM. Targeting Proteolysis with Cyanogenic Glycoside Amygdalin Induces Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:7591. [PMID: 36364419 PMCID: PMC9657530 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer among women, and its incidence and mortality are rapidly growing worldwide. In this regard, plant-derived natural compounds have been shown to be effective as chemotherapeutic and preventative agents. Apricot kernels are a rich source of nutrients including proteins, lipids, fibers, and phenolic compounds and contain the aromatic cyanogenic glycoside amygdalin that has been shown to exert a cytotoxic effect on cancer cells by affecting the cell cycle, inducing apoptosis, and regulating the immune function. METHODS Here, we describe a previously unexplored proapoptotic mechanism of action of amygdalin in breast cancer (MCF7) cells that involves the modulation of intracellular proteolysis. For comparative purposes, the same investigations were also conducted upon cell treatment with two apricot kernel aqueous extracts from Prunus armeniaca L. RESULTS We observed that both the 20S and 26S proteasome activities were downregulated in the MCF7 cells upon 24 h treatments. Simultaneously, the autophagy cascade resulted in being impaired due to cathepsin B and L inhibition that also contributed to a reduction in cancer cell migration. The inhibition of these proteolytic systems finally promoted the activation of apoptotic events in the MCF7 cells. CONCLUSION Collectively, our data unveil a novel mechanism of the anticancer activity of amygdalin, prompting further investigations for potential application in cancer preventative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cecarini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Salima Selmi
- Research Unit for Bioactive Natural Products and Biotechnology UR17ES49, Faculty of Dental Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences A, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, Monastir 5019, Tunisia
| | - Massimiliano Cuccioloni
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Chunmei Gong
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Laura Bonfili
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Yadong Zheng
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Manuela Cortese
- CHiP Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Mauro Angeletti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Soumaya Kilani
- Research Unit for Bioactive Natural Products and Biotechnology UR17ES49, Faculty of Dental Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences A, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, Monastir 5019, Tunisia
| | - Anna Maria Eleuteri
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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28
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The Chemotherapeutic Potentials of Compounds Isolated from the Plant, Marine, Fungus, and Microorganism: Their Mechanism of Action and Prospects. J Trop Med 2022; 2022:5919453. [PMID: 36263439 PMCID: PMC9576449 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5919453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on natural products mainly focuses on developing a suitable drug to treat human disease. There has been a sharp increase in the development of drugs from natural products. Most of the drugs that are available are from the terrestrial origin. Marine natural products are less explored. Oceans are considered as a vast ecosystem with a wide variety of living organisms and natural products that are unexplored. Large numbers of antitumor drugs are from natural sources such as plants, marine, and microorganisms. 80% new chemical entities that were launched over the past 60 decades were from a natural source. In this article, the anticancer potential from the natural source such as plants, fungi, microorganisms, marine, and endophytes has been reviewed. Emphasis is given on the compound from the marine, plant, and of bacterial origin. Finally, we consider the future and how we might achieve better sustainability to alleviate human cancer suffering while having fewer side effects, more efficacies, and causing less harm than the present treatments.
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29
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Trouki C, Barcaro G, Monti S. Exploring the mechanisms of drug-delivery by decorated ZnO nanoparticles through predictive ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulations. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:13123-13131. [PMID: 36069262 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03941a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we study the assembling of a drug delivery nanocarrier through reactive molecular dynamics simulations based on an appropriately tuned force field. First, we focus on the combination of the various components (all selected in agreement with experiments), namely nanoparticle (ZnO), functional chains (oleic acid), drug (carfilzomib), and solvent molecules (ethanol), and then on the ability of the assembled nanotool to release its cargo in a physiological environment (water). The simulation results reveal that reactivity is crucial for characterizing the stability of the functionalized ZnONP, its dynamics, and its interactions with lipid chains and drug molecules. The chains are stably chemisorbed on the ZnONP through monodentate or bidentate binding of the carboxyls to the Zn atoms (the hydrogens are released to the surface oxygens). Chains' self-interactions reinforce the lipid cover's stability and distribution on the ZnONP interface. The added drug migrates from the solution to the nano assembly and is captured by the lipids. The molecules are entrapped among the oleic acid chains and adsorbed on the uncoated regions of the nanoparticle surface, partially physisorbed or chemisorbed. The analysis of the simulations confirms that the supramolecular assembly is compact and stable in ethanol. However, upon injection into the water, the size of the aggregate gradually increases, and the lipids start to swell with the aqueous medium. The system evolves towards an unpacked structure where the chains are elongated, separated, and prone to release the cargo depending on local water activity and depth of cargo insertion. All the results agree with the literature confirming the reliability of our predictive computational procedure for disclosing the structure and dynamics of complex materials relevant to the medicinal chemistry field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheherazade Trouki
- CNR-IPCF, Institute of Chemical and Physical Processes, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Giovanni Barcaro
- CNR-IPCF, Institute of Chemical and Physical Processes, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Susanna Monti
- CNR-ICCOM, Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds, Pisa 56124, Italy.
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30
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Hsu CM, Yen CH, Wang SC, Liu YC, Huang CT, Wang MH, Chuang TM, Ke YL, Yeh TJ, Gau YC, Du JS, Wang HC, Cho SF, Tsai Y, Hsiao CE, Hsiao SY, Hsiao HH. Emodin Ameliorates the Efficacy of Carfilzomib in Multiple Myeloma Cells via Apoptosis and Autophagy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071638. [PMID: 35884943 PMCID: PMC9312579 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Carfilzomib, the proteasome inhibitor, can increase the overall survival rate of multiple myeloma (MM) patients undergoing targeted therapy. However, relapse and toxicity present great challenges for such treatment, so an urgent need for effective combination therapy is necessary. Emodin is a natural chemical compound that inhibits the proliferation of various cancers and can effectively combine with other treatments. In this study, we evaluated the sensitizing effect of emodin combined with carfilzomib on MM cells. Methods: The cells were treated with emodin, carfilzomib, and a combination of drugs to determine their effects on cell proliferation and viability. The cell cycle distribution and reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression were measured by flow cytometry. The level of RNA and protein were analyzed through real-time qPCR and immunoblotting. Results: Emodin acted synergistically with carfilzomib to reduce the proliferation and viability of MM cell lines in vitro. Furthermore, the combination of emodin and carfilzomib increased ROS production, inducing apoptosis and autophagy pathways via caspase-3, PARP, p62, and LC3B. Conclusions: These results provide a molecular target for combination therapy in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Mu Hsu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-M.H.); (Y.-C.L.); (C.-T.H.); (M.-H.W.); (T.-M.C.); (Y.-L.K.); (T.-J.Y.); (Y.-C.G.); (J.-S.D.); (H.-C.W.); (S.-F.C.); (C.-E.H.)
| | - Chia-Hung Yen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Chang Liu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-M.H.); (Y.-C.L.); (C.-T.H.); (M.-H.W.); (T.-M.C.); (Y.-L.K.); (T.-J.Y.); (Y.-C.G.); (J.-S.D.); (H.-C.W.); (S.-F.C.); (C.-E.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Tzu Huang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-M.H.); (Y.-C.L.); (C.-T.H.); (M.-H.W.); (T.-M.C.); (Y.-L.K.); (T.-J.Y.); (Y.-C.G.); (J.-S.D.); (H.-C.W.); (S.-F.C.); (C.-E.H.)
| | - Min-Hong Wang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-M.H.); (Y.-C.L.); (C.-T.H.); (M.-H.W.); (T.-M.C.); (Y.-L.K.); (T.-J.Y.); (Y.-C.G.); (J.-S.D.); (H.-C.W.); (S.-F.C.); (C.-E.H.)
| | - Tzer-Ming Chuang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-M.H.); (Y.-C.L.); (C.-T.H.); (M.-H.W.); (T.-M.C.); (Y.-L.K.); (T.-J.Y.); (Y.-C.G.); (J.-S.D.); (H.-C.W.); (S.-F.C.); (C.-E.H.)
| | - Ya-Lun Ke
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-M.H.); (Y.-C.L.); (C.-T.H.); (M.-H.W.); (T.-M.C.); (Y.-L.K.); (T.-J.Y.); (Y.-C.G.); (J.-S.D.); (H.-C.W.); (S.-F.C.); (C.-E.H.)
| | - Tsung-Jang Yeh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-M.H.); (Y.-C.L.); (C.-T.H.); (M.-H.W.); (T.-M.C.); (Y.-L.K.); (T.-J.Y.); (Y.-C.G.); (J.-S.D.); (H.-C.W.); (S.-F.C.); (C.-E.H.)
| | - Yuh-Ching Gau
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-M.H.); (Y.-C.L.); (C.-T.H.); (M.-H.W.); (T.-M.C.); (Y.-L.K.); (T.-J.Y.); (Y.-C.G.); (J.-S.D.); (H.-C.W.); (S.-F.C.); (C.-E.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Shiun Du
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-M.H.); (Y.-C.L.); (C.-T.H.); (M.-H.W.); (T.-M.C.); (Y.-L.K.); (T.-J.Y.); (Y.-C.G.); (J.-S.D.); (H.-C.W.); (S.-F.C.); (C.-E.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Wang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-M.H.); (Y.-C.L.); (C.-T.H.); (M.-H.W.); (T.-M.C.); (Y.-L.K.); (T.-J.Y.); (Y.-C.G.); (J.-S.D.); (H.-C.W.); (S.-F.C.); (C.-E.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Feng Cho
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-M.H.); (Y.-C.L.); (C.-T.H.); (M.-H.W.); (T.-M.C.); (Y.-L.K.); (T.-J.Y.); (Y.-C.G.); (J.-S.D.); (H.-C.W.); (S.-F.C.); (C.-E.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yuhsin Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-En Hsiao
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-M.H.); (Y.-C.L.); (C.-T.H.); (M.-H.W.); (T.-M.C.); (Y.-L.K.); (T.-J.Y.); (Y.-C.G.); (J.-S.D.); (H.-C.W.); (S.-F.C.); (C.-E.H.)
| | - Samuel Yien Hsiao
- Department of Biology, University of Rutgers-Camden, Camden, NJ 08102, USA;
| | - Hui-Hua Hsiao
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-M.H.); (Y.-C.L.); (C.-T.H.); (M.-H.W.); (T.-M.C.); (Y.-L.K.); (T.-J.Y.); (Y.-C.G.); (J.-S.D.); (H.-C.W.); (S.-F.C.); (C.-E.H.)
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7312-1101 (ext. 6110)
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Ignatz-Hoover JJ, Murphy EV, Driscoll JJ. Targeting Proteasomes in Cancer and Infectious Disease: A Parallel Strategy to Treat Malignancies and Microbes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:925804. [PMID: 35873166 PMCID: PMC9302482 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.925804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential core pathways of cellular biology are preserved throughout evolution, highlighting the importance of these pathways for both bacteria and human cancer cells alike. Cell viability requires a proper balance between protein synthesis and degradation in order to maintain integrity of the proteome. Proteasomes are highly intricate, tightly regulated multisubunit complexes that are critical to achieve protein homeostasis (proteostasis) through the selective degradation of misfolded, redundant and damaged proteins. Proteasomes function as the catalytic core of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) which regulates a myriad of essential processes including growth, survival, differentiation, drug resistance and apoptosis. Proteasomes recognize and degrade proteins that have been marked by covalently attached poly-ubiquitin chains. Deregulation of the UPP has emerged as an essential etiology of many prominent diseases, including cancer. Proteasome inhibitors selectively target cancer cells, including those resistant to chemotherapy, while sparing healthy cells. Proteasome inhibition has emerged as a transformative anti-myeloma strategy that has extended survival for certain patient populations from 3 to 8 years. The structural architecture and functional activity of proteasomes is conserved from Archaea to humans to support the concept that proteasomes are actionable targets that can be inhibited in pathogenic organisms to improve the treatment of infectious diseases. Proteasomes have an essential role during all stages of the parasite life cycle and features that distinguish proteasomes in pathogens from human forms have been revealed. Advancement of inhibitors that target Plasmodium and Mycobacterial proteasomes is a means to improve treatment of malaria and tuberculosis. In addition, PIs may also synergize with current frontline agents support as resistance to conventional drugs continues to increase. The proteasome represents a highly promising, actionable target to combat infectious diseases that devastate lives and livelihoods around the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Ignatz-Hoover
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Adult Hematologic Malignancies & Stem Cell Transplant Section, Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Elena V. Murphy
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biochemistry, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - James J. Driscoll
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Adult Hematologic Malignancies & Stem Cell Transplant Section, Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: James J. Driscoll, ; orcid.org/0000-0002-6916-5490
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Ran Q, Xu D, Wang Q, Wang D. Hypermethylation of the Promoter Region of miR-23 Enhances the Metastasis and Proliferation of Multiple Myeloma Cells via the Aberrant Expression of uPA. Front Oncol 2022; 12:835299. [PMID: 35707350 PMCID: PMC9189361 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.835299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma has a long course, with no obvious symptoms in the early stages. However, advanced stages are characterized by injury to the bone system and represent a severe threat to human health. The results of the present work indicate that the hypermethylation of miR-23 promoter mediates the aberrant expression of uPA/PLAU (urokinase plasminogen activator, uPA) in multiple myeloma cells. miR-23, a microRNA that potentially targets uPA’s 3’UTR, was predicted by the online tool miRDB. The endogenous expressions of uPA and miR-23 are related to disease severity in human patients, and the expression of miR-23 is negatively related to uPA expression. The hypermethylation of the promoter region of miR-23 is a promising mechanism to explain the low level of miR-23 or aberrant uPA expression associated with disease severity. Overexpression of miR-23 inhibited the expression of uPA by targeting the 3’UTR of uPA, not only in MM cell lines, but also in patient-derived cell lines. Overexpression of miR-23 also inhibited in vitro and in vivo invasion of MM cells in a nude mouse model. The results therefore extend our knowledge about uPA in MM and may assist in the development of more effective therapeutic strategies for MM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijie Ran
- Department of Hematology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Qijie Ran, ; Dongsheng Wang,
| | - Dehong Xu
- Department of Hematology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Hematology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, China
- *Correspondence: Qijie Ran, ; Dongsheng Wang,
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Feng Y, Cheng X, Wu S, Mani Saravanan K, Liu W. Hybrid drug-screening strategy identifies potential SARS-CoV-2 cell-entry inhibitors targeting human transmembrane serine protease. Struct Chem 2022; 33:1503-1515. [PMID: 35571866 PMCID: PMC9091140 DOI: 10.1007/s11224-022-01960-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The spread of coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19) is associated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has risked public health more than any other infectious disease. Researchers around the globe use multiple approaches to identify an effective approved drug (drug repurposing) that treats viral infections. Most of the drug repurposing approaches target spike protein or main protease. Here we use transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) as a target that can prevent the virus entry into the cell by interacting with the surface receptors. By hypothesizing that the TMPRSS2 binders may help prevent the virus entry into the cell, we performed a systematic drug screening over the current approved drug database. Furthermore, we screened the Enamine REAL fragments dataset against the TMPRSS2 and presented nine potential drug-like compounds that give us clues about which kinds of groups the pocket prefers to bind, aiding future structure-based drug design for COVID-19. Also, we employ molecular dynamics simulations, binding free energy calculations, and well-tempered metadynamics to validate the obtained candidate drug and fragment list. Our results suggested three potential FDA-approved drugs against human TMPRSS2 as a target. These findings may pave the way for more drugs to be exposed to TMPRSS2, and testing the efficacy of these drugs with biochemical experiments will help improve COVID-19 treatment.
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Daniely D, Forouzan E, Spektor TM, Cohen A, Bitran JD, Chen G, Moezi MM, Bessudo A, Hrom J, Eshaghian S, Swift RA, Eades BM, Kim C, Lim S, Berenson JR. A phase 1/2 study of ixazomib in place of bortezomib or carfilzomib in a subsequent line of therapy for patients with multiple myeloma refractory to their last bortezomib or carfilzomib combination regimen. Exp Hematol 2022; 111:79-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ishii K, Fusegi M, Mori T, Teshima K, Ninomiya N, Kohno K, Sato A, Ishida T, Miyakoshi Y, Yano T. A Redox-Silent Analogue of Tocotrienol May Break the Homeostasis of Proteasomes in Human Malignant Mesothelioma Cells by Inhibiting STAT3 and NRF1. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052655. [PMID: 35269802 PMCID: PMC8910454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
6-O-Carboxypropyl-alpha-tocotrienol (α-T3E) is a multi-target redox-silent analogue of tocotrienol that exhibits cytotoxicity against many cancer cells, including malignant mesothelioma (MM) cells. α-T3E has several molecular targets to effectively induce cytotoxicity against MM cells; however, the mechanisms underlying this cytotoxicity remain unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated that the α-T3E-dependent disruption of the homeostasis of proteasomes strongly induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which resulted in effective cytotoxicity against MM cells. The α-T3E-dependent disruption of the homeostasis of proteasomes depended on decreases in proteasome subunits via the inactivation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor-1 (NRF1), which inhibited protease activity, such as chymotrypsin-like activity, in proteasomes. The α-T3E-dependent inhibition of this activity also induced severe ER stress and ultimately resulted in effective cytotoxicity against MM cells with chemoresistance. The present results indicate that α-T3E acts as an effective anti-mesothelioma agent by disrupting the homeostasis of proteasomes through the simultaneous inactivation of STAT3 and NRF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyota Ishii
- Laboratory of Molecular Bromacology, Graduate School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, Oura District, Gunma, Itakura Town 374-0193, Japan; (K.I.); (M.F.)
| | - Momoka Fusegi
- Laboratory of Molecular Bromacology, Graduate School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, Oura District, Gunma, Itakura Town 374-0193, Japan; (K.I.); (M.F.)
| | - Tatsuki Mori
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, Faculty of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, Oura District, Gunma, Itakura Town 374-0193, Japan; (T.M.); (K.T.); (N.N.)
| | - Kosuke Teshima
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, Faculty of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, Oura District, Gunma, Itakura Town 374-0193, Japan; (T.M.); (K.T.); (N.N.)
| | - Nanako Ninomiya
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, Faculty of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, Oura District, Gunma, Itakura Town 374-0193, Japan; (T.M.); (K.T.); (N.N.)
| | - Kakeru Kohno
- Research Institute of Life Innovation, Toyo University, Oura District, Gunma, Itakura Town 374-0193, Japan; (K.K.); (A.S.); (T.I.); (Y.M.)
| | - Ayami Sato
- Research Institute of Life Innovation, Toyo University, Oura District, Gunma, Itakura Town 374-0193, Japan; (K.K.); (A.S.); (T.I.); (Y.M.)
| | - Tatsuya Ishida
- Research Institute of Life Innovation, Toyo University, Oura District, Gunma, Itakura Town 374-0193, Japan; (K.K.); (A.S.); (T.I.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yuichi Miyakoshi
- Research Institute of Life Innovation, Toyo University, Oura District, Gunma, Itakura Town 374-0193, Japan; (K.K.); (A.S.); (T.I.); (Y.M.)
| | - Tomohiro Yano
- Research Institute of Life Innovation, Toyo University, Oura District, Gunma, Itakura Town 374-0193, Japan; (K.K.); (A.S.); (T.I.); (Y.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-276-82-9143
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