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Chen C, Douglas MP, Ragavan MV, Phillips KA, Jansen JP. Clinical Validity and Utility of Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA) Testing in Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (aNSCLC): A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis. Mol Diagn Ther 2024; 28:525-536. [PMID: 39093546 PMCID: PMC11349784 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-024-00725-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) testing has become a promising tool to guide first-line (1L) targeted treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC). This study aims to estimate the clinical validity (CV) and clinical utility (CU) of ctDNA-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) for oncogenic driver mutations to inform 1L treatment decisions in aNSCLC through a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase to identify randomized control trials or observational studies reporting CV/CU on ctDNA testing in patients with aNSCLC. Meta-analyses were performed using bivariate random-effects models to estimate pooled sensitivity and specificity. Progression-free/overall survival (PFS/OS) was summarized for CU studies. RESULTS A total of 20 studies were identified: 17 CV only, 2 CU only, and 1 both, and 13 studies were included for the meta-analysis on multi-gene detection. The overall sensitivity and specificity for ctDNA detection of any mutation were 0.69 (95% CI 0.63-0.74) and 0.99 (95% CI 0.97-1.00), respectively. However, sensitivity varied greatly by driver gene, ranging from 0.29 (95% CI 0.13-0.53) for ROS1 to 0.77 (95% CI 0.63-0.86) for KRAS. Two studies that compared PFS with ctDNA versus tissue-based testing followed by 1L targeted therapy found no significant differences. One study reported OS curves on ctDNA-matched and tissue-matched therapies but no hazard ratios were provided. CONCLUSIONS ctDNA testing demonstrated an overall acceptable diagnostic accuracy in patients with aNSCLC, however, sensitivity varied greatly by driver mutation. Further research is needed, especially for uncommon driver mutations, to better understand the CU of ctDNA testing in guiding targeted treatments for aNSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, UCSF Center for Translational and Policy Research on Precision Medicine (TRANSPERS), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael P Douglas
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, UCSF Center for Translational and Policy Research on Precision Medicine (TRANSPERS), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Meera V Ragavan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, UCSF Department of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn A Phillips
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, UCSF Center for Translational and Policy Research on Precision Medicine (TRANSPERS), San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeroen P Jansen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, UCSF Center for Translational and Policy Research on Precision Medicine (TRANSPERS), San Francisco, CA, USA.
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- UCSF Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, 490 Illinois St. Valley Tower, 3rd Floor, Box 0613, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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Dawood S, Natarajan V, Danchaivijitr P. Comprehensive molecular profiling identifies actionable biomarkers for patients from Thailand and the United Arab Emirates with advanced malignancies. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1374087. [PMID: 38800398 PMCID: PMC11116666 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1374087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Comprehensive molecular profiling of tissue samples that can help guide therapy management is not widely available across the globe. Methods Comprehensive molecular profiling through Caris Molecular Intelligence involves the analysis of DNA through next-generation sequencing, chromogenic or fluorescent in situ hybridization, pyrosequencing, and copy number alterations; RNA through whole-transcriptome sequencing and multiplex PCR of RNA; and protein through immunohistochemistry. Results Here we describe the experience of molecular profiling of tumor tissue samples from patients diagnosed with advanced solid tumors and treated in two countries, the United Arab Emirates and Thailand. Tumor cancer cases submitted to Caris Life Sciences (Phoenix, Arizona, USA) for molecular profiling from the UAE and Thailand were retrospectively analyzed (data accessed between 2019 and 2020) for their molecular alterations and clinical biomarkers, without regard to ethnicity. A total of 451 samples from 35 distinct types of advanced cancers were examined for mutations, amplifications, overexpression, exon copy number alterations, microsatellite instability, deficient mismatch repair, tumor mutational burden, and fusions. Interrogating each step of the biological pathway, from DNA to RNA to distinct protein, identified an alteration with an associated therapy for 75% of these tumor samples. The most common alterations identified included elevated PDL-1 that can be targeted with an immune checkpoint inhibitors and amplification of HER2 for which a variety of anti HER2 therapies are available. Conclusion Comprehensive molecular profiling in patients with advanced malignancies can help optimize therapeutic management allowing for improved prognostic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheenah Dawood
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Oncology Department, Mediclinic City Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Pongwut Danchaivijitr
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Chen LN, Shou ZX, Jin X. Interaction Between Genetic Susceptibility and COVID-19 Pathogenesis in Pediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Disorders: The Role of Immune Responses. Viral Immunol 2024; 37:1-11. [PMID: 38271561 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2023.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have highlighted the emergence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) symptoms reminiscent of Kawasaki disease in children, including fever, heightened multisystem inflammation, and multiorgan involvement, posing a life-threatening complication. Consequently, extensive research endeavors in pediatric have aimed to elucidate the intricate relationship between COVID-19 infection and the immune system. COVID-19 profoundly impacts immune cells, culminating in a cytokine storm that particularly inflicts damage on the pulmonary system. The gravity and vulnerability to COVID-19 are closely intertwined with the vigor of the immune response. In this context, the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecule assumes pivotal significance in shaping immune responses. Genetic scrutiny of HLA has unveiled the presence of at least one deleterious allele in children afflicted with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Furthermore, research has demonstrated that COVID-19 exploits the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor, transmembrane serine protease type 2, and various other genes to gain entry into host cells, with individuals harboring ACE-2 polymorphisms being at higher risk. Pediatric studies have employed diverse genetic methodologies, such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and whole exome sequencing, to scrutinize target genes. These investigations have pinpointed two specific genomic loci linked to the severity and susceptibility of COVID-19, with the HLA locus emerging as a notable risk factor. In this comprehensive review article, we endeavor to assess the available evidence and consolidate data, offering insights into current clinical practices and delineating avenues for future research. Our objective is to advance early diagnosis, stabilization, and appropriate management strategies to mitigate genetic susceptibility's impact on the incidence of COVID-19 in pediatric patients with multisystem inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Chen
- Department of Pediatric, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Zhang-Xuan Shou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
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Chen C, Douglas MP, Ragavan MV, Phillips KA, Jansen JP. Clinical validity and utility of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) testing in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC): a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.10.27.23297657. [PMID: 37961510 PMCID: PMC10635208 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.27.23297657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) testing has become a promising tool to guide first-line (1L) targeted treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC). This study aims to estimate the clinical validity (CV) and clinical utility (CU) of ctDNA-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) for oncogenic driver mutations to inform 1L treatment decisions in aNSCLC through a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase to identify randomized control trials or observational studies reporting CV/CU on ctDNA testing in patients with aNSCLC. Meta-analyses were performed using bivariate random-effects models to estimate pooled sensitivity and specificity. Progression-free/overall survival (PFS/OS) was summarized for CU studies. Results Eighteen studies were identified: 17 CV only, 2 CU only, and 1 both. Thirteen studies were included for the meta-analysis on multi-gene detection. The overall sensitivity and specificity for ctDNA detection of any mutation were 0.69 (95% CI, 0.63-0.74) and 0.99 (95% CI, 0.97-1.00) respectively. However, sensitivity varied greatly by driver gene, ranging from 0.29 (95% CI, 0.13-0.53) for ROS 1 to 0.77 (95% CI, 0.63-0.86) for KRAS . Two studies compared PFS with ctDNA versus tissue-based testing followed by 1L targeted therapy found no significant differences. One study reported OS curves on ctDNA-matched and tissue-matched therapies but no hazard ratios were provided. Conclusion ctDNA testing demonstrated an overall acceptable diagnostic accuracy in aNSCLC patients, however, sensitivity varied greatly by driver mutation. Further research is needed, especially for uncommon driver mutations, to better understand the CU of ctDNA testing in guiding targeted treatments for aNSCLC.
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Chipoulet E, Collet G, Couderc B. [The role of physicians in patient and family adherence to genetic testing]. Bull Cancer 2023; 110:1002-1014. [PMID: 37532643 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION More and more French cancer patients are offered by their physicians having their genetic characteristics analyzed (diagnosis, adaptation of treatment plans, etc.). In oncology, considering the development of personalized medicine, these analyses are commonplace. Analyses of germline (hereditary) genetic characteristics require information from patients who must sign an informed consent (article 16.10 of the Civil Code and articles L. 1131-3 and L. 1122-1-1 of the Public Health Code). However, prescribing physicians are rarely geneticists and have little training in genetics. Patients report that few are able to answer their questions and often sign a consent that is not truly informed. METHODS To identify the genetic knowledge and training needs of prescribers, we conducted an online survey of physicians prescribing genetic testing in oncology between January and March 2020. The survey consisted of 17 closed questions and 3 open questions. RESULTS We obtained 35 usable questionnaires which show that 50% of the prescribing physicians questioned lack knowledge of genetics, but do not express a need for training. They were interested in the provision of a digital teaching aid for patients. DISCUSSION We have therefore made a film for patients, available in free access, which aims to shed light on the analysis of genetic characteristics. The film helps physicians to explain the offered analyses and their consequences (https://youtu.be/5lWUSsteavs).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bettina Couderc
- IUCT-Oncopole, Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse 3, UMR 1295 Inserm, Toulouse, France.
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Kunimasa K, Nishino K, Sato Y, Mori M, Ihara S, Suzuki H, Nagatomo I, Kumagai T, Morishima T, Imamura F. Fragment size and dynamics of EGFR-mutated tumor-derived DNA provide prognostic information regarding EGFR-TKI efficacy in patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13544. [PMID: 35941190 PMCID: PMC9360008 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17848-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a complementary and alternative test to tissue-based NGS. We performed NGS analysis of ctDNA samples collected from patients with EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received osimertinib; the samples were collected after second-line treatment, before osimertinib treatment, one week and one month after osimertinib treatment, and at the time of resistance formation. We examinedthe correlation with osimertinib efficacy. From January to December 2018, 34 patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC harboring EGFR T790M mutations were enrolled, and a total of 132 peripheral blood samples were collected. The fragment sizes of EGFR-mutated ctDNAs were significantly shorter than that of their corresponding normal fragments. Osimertinib treatment of patients with shorter EGFR-mutated ctDNA fragments resulted in shorter progression-free survival (PFS). The disappearance time of EGFR-mutated fragment fractions and clonal evolution patterns (new driver mutation group, additional mutation group vs. attenuation group) were each associated with the PFS achieved with osimertinib treatment; however,multivariate analysis revealed that only shorter EGFR-mutated ctDNA fragments were associated with the PFS resulting from osimertinib treatment. EGFR-mutated ctDNA fragment size, time of disappearance of these fragments, and clonal evolution pattern were related to the effects of osimertinib. In particular, short EGFR-mutated ctDNA fragmentation may be closely related to osimertinib efficacy prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kunimasa
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae Chuoku, Osaka City, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan.
| | - Kazumi Nishino
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae Chuoku, Osaka City, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | | | - Masahide Mori
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shoichi Ihara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Suzuki
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka Habikino Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Izumi Nagatomo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Kumagai
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae Chuoku, Osaka City, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | | | - Fumio Imamura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae Chuoku, Osaka City, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
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