1
|
Ye W, Lu X, Qiao Y, Ou WB. Activity and resistance to KRAS G12C inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189108. [PMID: 38723697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) are associated with a high mortality rate. Mutations in the V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog (KRAS) proto-oncogene GTPase (KRAS) are frequently observed in these cancers. Owing to its structural attributes, KRAS has traditionally been regarded as an "undruggable" target. However, recent advances have identified a novel mutational regulatory site, KRASG12C switch II, leading to the development of two KRASG12C inhibitors (adagrasib and sotorasib) that are FDA-approved. This groundbreaking discovery has revolutionized our understanding of the KRAS locus and offers treatment options for patients with NSCLC harboring KRAS mutations. Due to the presence of alternative resistance pathways, the use of KRASG12C inhibitors as a standalone treatment for patients with CRC is not considered optimal. However, the combination of KRASG12C inhibitors with other targeted drugs has demonstrated greater efficacy in CRC patients harboring KRAS mutations. Furthermore, NSCLC and CRC patients harboring KRASG12C mutations inevitably develop primary or acquired resistance to drug therapy. By gaining a comprehensive understanding of resistance mechanisms, such as secondary mutations of KRAS, mutations of downstream intermediates, co-mutations with KRAS, receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activation, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transitions (EMTs), and tumor remodeling, the implementation of KRASG12C inhibitor-based combination therapy holds promise as a viable solution. Furthermore, the emergence of protein hydrolysis-targeted chimeras and molecular glue technologies has been facilitated by collaborative efforts in structural science and pharmacology. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the recent advancements in various aspects related to the KRAS gene, including the KRAS signaling pathway, tumor immunity, and immune microenvironment crosstalk, as well as the latest developments in KRASG12C inhibitors and mechanisms of resistance. In addition, this study discusses the strategies used to address drug resistance in light of the crosstalk between these factors. In the coming years, there will likely be advancements in the development of more efficacious pharmaceuticals and targeted therapeutic approaches for treating NSCLC and CRC. Consequently, individuals with KRAS-mutant NSCLC may experience a prolonged response duration and improved treatment outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Qiao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen-Bin Ou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim DH, Lim ST, Kim HR, Kang EJ, Ahn HK, Lee YG, Sun DS, Kwon JH, Lee SC, Lee HW, Kim MK, Keam B, Park KU, Shin SH, Yun HJ. Impact of PIK3CA and cell cycle pathway genetic alterations on durvalumab efficacy in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Post hoc analysis of TRIUMPH study. Oral Oncol 2024; 151:106739. [PMID: 38458039 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2024.106739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate whether genetic alterations in PI3KCA and the cell cycle pathways influence the efficacy of durvalumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) who had previously failed platinum-based treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS We obtained data from a phase II umbrella trial of patients with HNSCC who failed platinum-based treatment (TRIUMPH, NCT03292250). Patients receiving durvalumab treatment comprised those with PIK3CA alterations (Group A), those with cell cycle pathway alterations such as CDKN2A (Group B), and those with no druggable genetic alterations (Group C). We analyzed the overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) in each group and evaluated the potential predictive factors for durvalumab. RESULTS We analyzed the data of 87 patients: 18, 12, and 57 in groups A, B, and C, respectively. The ORRs were 27.8 %, 8.3 %, and 15.8 % in Groups A, B, and C, respectively (P = 0.329), and the median PFS for each group was 2.3, 1.6, and 1.7 months, respectively, with no significant differences between the groups (P = 0.24). Notably, patients with lower neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (≤5.8) had longer PFS (median, 2.8 vs 1.6 months, P < 0.001), while those with lower platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) (≤491.2) exhibited longer PFS (median, 1.8 vs 1.2 months, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Durvalumab's efficacy was similar, irrespective of the presence of PIK3CA or cell cycle pathway genetic alterations in patients with platinum-resistant HNSCC. The NLR and PLR may be promising predictive biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Taek Lim
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, Wonju Severance Christianity Hospital, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ryun Kim
- Divison of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Kang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Ahn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Gyoo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Der Sheng Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hye Kwon
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Cheol Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Lee
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyoung Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Hospital, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Bhumsuk Keam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Keon-Uk Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hoon Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hwan Jung Yun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xiong L, Zhang Y, Wang J, Yu M, Huang L, Hou Y, Li G, Wang L, Li Y. Novel small molecule inhibitors targeting renal cell carcinoma: Status, challenges, future directions. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 267:116158. [PMID: 38278080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common renal malignancy with a rapidly increasing morbidity and mortality rate gradually. RCC has a high mortality rate and an extremely poor prognosis. Despite numerous treatment strategies, RCC is resistant to conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In addition, the limited clinical efficacy and inevitable resistance of multiple agents suggest an unmet clinical need. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel anti-RCC candidates. Nowadays many promising results have been achieved with the development of novel small molecule inhibitors against RCC. This paper reviews the recent research progress of novel small molecule inhibitors targeting RCC. It is focusing on the structural optimization process and conformational relationships of small molecule inhibitors, as well as the potential mechanisms and anticancer activities for the treatment of RCC. To provide a theoretical basis for promoting the clinical translation of novel small molecule inhibitors, we discussed their application prospects and future development directions. It could be capable of improving the clinical efficacy of RCC and improving the therapy resistance for RCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, 38163, Tennessee, United States
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Liming Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanpei Hou
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Guisen Li
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cheng X, Zhu Y, Huang J, Li Y, Jiang X, Yang Q. A neutral polysaccharide from Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Spach ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal barrier injury via regulating the gut microbiota and modulating AKT/PI3K/mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 320:117403. [PMID: 37952732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Spach, a herb that is prevalent across Asia and Europe, finds utility as both a culinary ingredient and medicinal herb. In China, P. hydropiper decoction is commonly employed to alleviate dysentery, gastroenteritis, and diarrhea symptoms. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess the effects of a neutral polysaccharide from P. hydropiper (PHP) on the intestinal barrier (IB) injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice, and elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS PHP was extracted from dried P. hydropiper herb using hot water extraction, followed by ethanol precipitation. The extract underwent successive isolation and purification steps involving anion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. The primary structure of PHP was determined using Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, ion chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Male BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to control (CON), model (MOD), berberine hydrochloride (BBR), and PHP (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg) groups. Histopathological changes in jejunal tissues were assessed through hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The expression levels of proteins and genes involved in AKT/PI3K/mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways were evaluated using qRT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The composition and abundance of the gut microbiota in mice were analyzed using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Additionally, the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were determined using GC-MS. RESULTS The main components of PHP included arabinose, galactose, and glucose (molar ratio = 1.00:5.52:11.39). The backbone of PHP consisted of →4)-Glcp-(1→, →4,6)-Glcp-(1→, →4)-Galp-(1→, →4,6)-Galp-(1→. The branched chains primarily consisted of 5)-Araf-(1→ residues, which were attached to the backbone through →6)-Glcp-(1→ and →6)-Galp-(1→ at the 6-position. Histological analysis demonstrated that PHP exhibited a mitigating effect on intestinal damage induced by LPS. PHP could markedly reduce the mRNA levels of PI3K, AKT, mTOR, p70 S6K, Ras, Raf1, MEK1/2, p38, ERK1/2, and JNK, while downregulating the protein levels of p-mTOR, p-PI3K, p-AKT, p-p38, p-ERK, and p-JNK. PHP also modulated the diversities and abundances of the gut microbiota, resulting in an increase in the abundances of Lactobacillaceae, Anaerovoracaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Eggerthellaceae, and Desulfovibrionaceae and a decrease in the abundances of Muribaculaceae, Prevotellaceae, and Rikenellaceae. Additionally, PHP significantly increased the content of various SCFAs. CONCLUSION PHP emerges as a pivotal factor in the repair of IB injury by virtue of its ability to regulate the gut microbiota, elevate SCFA levels, and inhibit the MAPK and AKT/PI3K/mTOR pathways. It is worth noting that the therapeutic effect of high-dose PHP was remarkably significant, surpassing even the positive control of berberine hydrochloride.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxuan Cheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Production & Development of Cantonese Medicinal Materials, Guangzhou, China; Comprehensive Experimental Station of National Industrial Technology System for Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Good Agricultural Practice & Comprehensive Development for Cantonese Medicinal Materials, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yuehua Zhu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Production & Development of Cantonese Medicinal Materials, Guangzhou, China; Comprehensive Experimental Station of National Industrial Technology System for Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Good Agricultural Practice & Comprehensive Development for Cantonese Medicinal Materials, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jiahuan Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Production & Development of Cantonese Medicinal Materials, Guangzhou, China; Comprehensive Experimental Station of National Industrial Technology System for Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Good Agricultural Practice & Comprehensive Development for Cantonese Medicinal Materials, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yufei Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Production & Development of Cantonese Medicinal Materials, Guangzhou, China; Comprehensive Experimental Station of National Industrial Technology System for Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Good Agricultural Practice & Comprehensive Development for Cantonese Medicinal Materials, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaolin Jiang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Production & Development of Cantonese Medicinal Materials, Guangzhou, China; Comprehensive Experimental Station of National Industrial Technology System for Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Good Agricultural Practice & Comprehensive Development for Cantonese Medicinal Materials, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Quan Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Production & Development of Cantonese Medicinal Materials, Guangzhou, China; Comprehensive Experimental Station of National Industrial Technology System for Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Good Agricultural Practice & Comprehensive Development for Cantonese Medicinal Materials, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Calderillo-Ruíz G, Pérez-Yepez EA, García-Gámez MA, Millan-Catalan O, Díaz-Romero C, Ugalde-Silva P, Salas-Benavides R, Pérez-Plasencia C, Carbajal-López B. Genomic profiling in GIST: Implications in clinical outcome and future challenges. Neoplasia 2024; 48:100959. [PMID: 38183711 PMCID: PMC10808967 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2023.100959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST) are the most frequent mesenchymal neoplasia of the digestive tract. Genomic alterations in KIT, PDFGRA, SDH, and BRAF genes are essential in GIST oncogenesis. Therefore, the mutations in these genes have demonstrated clinical implications. Tumors with deletions in KIT-exon 11 or duplications in exon 9 are associated with a worse prognosis. In contrast, KIT-exon 11 substitutions and duplications are associated with a better clinical outcome. Moreover, mutations in Kit exon 9 and 11 are actionable, due to their response to imatinib, while mutations in PDGFRA respond to sunitinib and/or avapritinib. Although, molecular testing on tissue samples is effective; it is invasive, requires adequate amounts of tissue, and a long experimental process is needed for results. In contrast, liquid biopsy has been proposed as a simple and non-invasive method to test biomarkers in cancer. The most common molecule analyzed by liquid biopsy is circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). GISTs ctDNA testing has been demonstrated to be effective in identifying known and novel KIT mutations that were not detected using traditional tissue DNA testing and have been useful in determining progression risk and response to TKI therapy. This allows the clinician to have an accurate picture of the genetic changes of the tumor over time. In this work, we aimed to discuss the implications of mutational testing in clinical outcomes, the methods to test ctDNA and the future challenges in the establishment of alternatives of personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- German Calderillo-Ruíz
- Departamento de Oncología Gastrointestinal, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Tlalpan, CDMX, México
| | | | | | | | - Consuelo Díaz-Romero
- Departamento de Oncología Gastrointestinal, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Tlalpan, CDMX, México
| | | | | | - Carlos Pérez-Plasencia
- Laboratorio de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Tlalpan, CDMX, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional. UBIMED, FES-IZTACALA, UNAM, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Berenice Carbajal-López
- Departamento de Oncología Gastrointestinal, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Tlalpan, CDMX, México
- Laboratorio de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Tlalpan, CDMX, Mexico
- Fundación GIST México, A.B.P, Nuevo León, México
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wyżewski Z, Stępkowska J, Kobylińska AM, Mielcarska A, Mielcarska MB. Mcl-1 Protein and Viral Infections: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1138. [PMID: 38256213 PMCID: PMC10816053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
MCL-1 is the prosurvival member of the Bcl-2 family. It prevents the induction of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. The molecular mechanisms dictating the host cell viability gain importance in the context of viral infections. The premature apoptosis of infected cells could interrupt the pathogen replication cycle. On the other hand, cell death following the effective assembly of progeny particles may facilitate virus dissemination. Thus, various viruses can interfere with the apoptosis regulation network to their advantage. Research has shown that viral infections affect the intracellular amount of MCL-1 to modify the apoptotic potential of infected cells, fitting it to the "schedule" of the replication cycle. A growing body of evidence suggests that the virus-dependent deregulation of the MCL-1 level may contribute to several virus-driven diseases. In this work, we have described the role of MCL-1 in infections caused by various viruses. We have also presented a list of promising antiviral agents targeting the MCL-1 protein. The discussed results indicate targeted interventions addressing anti-apoptotic MCL1 as a new therapeutic strategy for cancers as well as other diseases. The investigation of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in viral infections engaging MCL1 may contribute to a better understanding of the regulation of cell death and survival balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Wyżewski
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Stępkowska
- Institute of Family Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Maria Kobylińska
- Division of Immunology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.K.); (M.B.M.)
| | - Adriana Mielcarska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutritional Disorders and Pediatrics, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Av. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Matylda Barbara Mielcarska
- Division of Immunology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.K.); (M.B.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chu WX, Ding C, Du ZH, Wei P, Wang YX, Ge XJ, Yu GY. SHED-exos promote saliva secretion by suppressing p-ERK1/2-mediated apoptosis in glandular cells. Oral Dis 2023. [PMID: 37849447 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Confirm that stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth-derived exosomes (SHED-exos) can limit inflammation-triggered epithelial cell apoptosis and explore the molecular mechanism. METHODS SHED-exos were injected into the submandibular glands (SMGs) of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, an animal model of Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Cell death was evaluated by western blotting and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling staining. RESULTS SHED-exos treatment promoted the saliva flow rates of NOD mice, accompanied by decreased cleaved caspase-3 levels and apoptotic cell numbers in SMGs. SHED-exos inhibited autophagy, pyroptosis, NETosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis and oxeiptosis marker expression in SS-damaged glands. Mechanistically, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis of exosomal miRNAs suggested that the rat sarcoma virus (RAS)/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway might play an important role. In vivo, the expression of Kirsten RAS, Harvey RAS, MEK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 was upregulated in SMGs, and this change was blocked by SHED-exos treatment. In vitro, SHED-exos suppressed p-ERK1/2 activation and increased cleaved caspase-3 and apoptotic cell numbers, which were induced by IFN-γ. CONCLUSION SHED-exos suppress epithelial cell death, which is responsible for promoting salivary secretion. SHED-exos inhibited inflammation-triggered epithelial cell apoptosis by suppressing p-ERK1/2 activation, which is involved in these effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Xia Chu
- Department of Periodontics, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
- Center Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chong Ding
- Center Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Hao Du
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Pan Wei
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Xiang Wang
- Center Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Jun Ge
- Department of Periodontics, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Yan Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Choudhary N, Bawari S, Burcher JT, Sinha D, Tewari D, Bishayee A. Targeting Cell Signaling Pathways in Lung Cancer by Bioactive Phytocompounds. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3980. [PMID: 37568796 PMCID: PMC10417502 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a heterogeneous group of malignancies with high incidence worldwide. It is the most frequently occurring cancer in men and the second most common in women. Due to its frequent diagnosis and variable response to treatment, lung cancer was reported as the top cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide in 2020. Many aberrant signaling cascades are implicated in the pathogenesis of lung cancer, including those involved in apoptosis (B cell lymphoma protein, Bcl-2-associated X protein, first apoptosis signal ligand), growth inhibition (tumor suppressor protein or gene and serine/threonine kinase 11), and growth promotion (epidermal growth factor receptor/proto-oncogenes/phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase). Accordingly, these pathways and their signaling molecules have become promising targets for chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents. Recent research provides compelling evidence for the use of plant-based compounds, known collectively as phytochemicals, as anticancer agents. This review discusses major contributing signaling pathways involved in the pathophysiology of lung cancer, as well as currently available treatments and prospective drug candidates. The anticancer potential of naturally occurring bioactive compounds in the context of lung cancer is also discussed, with critical analysis of their mechanistic actions presented by preclinical and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Choudhary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, GNA School of Pharmacy, GNA University, Phagwara 144 401, India
| | - Sweta Bawari
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201 301, India
| | - Jack T. Burcher
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Dona Sinha
- Department of Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700 026, India
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110 017, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhong J, Sun Z, Li S, Yang L, Cao Y, Bao J. Immune checkpoint blockade therapy for BRAF mutant metastatic colorectal cancer: the efficacy, new strategies, and potential biomarkers. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:94. [PMID: 37302081 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00718-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BRAF mutant metastatic colorectal cancer has long been considered a tumor with a poor prognosis and a poor response to chemotherapy. Despite the efficacy of targeted therapy with multi-targeted blockade of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway has brought a glimmer of hope to this group of patients, the need to improve treatment efficacy remains unmet, especially for the microsatellite stability/DNA proficient mismatch repair (MSS/pMMR) subtype. BRAF mutant colorectal cancer patients with high microsatellite instability/DNA deficient mismatch repair (MSI-H/dMMR) have high tumor mutation burden and abundant neoantigen, who are deemed as ones that could receive expected efficacy from immunotherapy. Generally, it is believed that MSS/pMMR colorectal cancer is an immunologically "cold" tumor that is insensitive to immunotherapy. However, targeted therapy combined with immune checkpoint blockade therapy seems to bring light to BRAF mutant colorectal cancer patients. In this review, we provide an overview of clinical efficacy and evolving new strategies concerning immune checkpoint blockade therapy for both MSI-H/dMMR and MSS/pMMR BRAF mutant metastatic colorectal cancer and discuss the potential biomarkers in the tumor immune microenvironment for predicting immunotherapeutic response in BRAF mutant colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zijian Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuepeng Cao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jun Bao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li A, Li X, Zou J, Zhuo X, Chen S, Chai X, Gai C, Xu W, Zhao Q, Zou Y. SOS1-inspired hydrocarbon-stapled peptide as a pan-Ras inhibitor. Bioorg Chem 2023; 135:106500. [PMID: 37003134 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Blocking the interaction between Ras and Son of Sevenless homolog 1 (SOS1) has been an attractive therapeutic strategy for treating cancers involving oncogenic Ras mutations. K-Ras mutation is the most common in Ras-driven cancers, accounting for 86%, with N-Ras mutation and H-Ras mutation accounting for 11% and 3%, respectively. Here, we report the design and synthesis of a series of hydrocarbon-stapled peptides to mimic the alpha-helix of SOS1 as pan-Ras inhibitors. Among these stapled peptides, SSOSH-5 was identified to maintain a well-constrained alpha-helical structure and bind to H-Ras with high affinity. SSOSH-5 was furthermore validated to bind with Ras similarly to the parent linear peptide through structural modeling analysis. This optimized stapled peptide was proven to be capable of effectively inhibiting the proliferation of pan-Ras-mutated cancer cells and inducing apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner by modulating downstream kinase signaling. Of note, SSOSH-5 exhibited a high capability of crossing cell membranes and strong proteolytic resistance. We demonstrated that the peptide stapling strategy is a feasible approach for developing peptide-based pan-Ras inhibitors. Furthermore, we expect that SSOSH-5 can be further characterized and optimized for the treatment of Ras-driven cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anpeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, PR China; 92805 Military Hospital, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jihua Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaobin Zhuo
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shuai Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaoyun Chai
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Conghao Gai
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Weiheng Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Qingjie Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Yan Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang YC, Zhao CJ, Jin ZF, Zheng J, Ma LT. Targeted therapy based on ubiquitin-specific proteases, signalling pathways and E3 ligases in non-small-cell lung cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1120828. [PMID: 36969062 PMCID: PMC10036052 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1120828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumours worldwide, with the highest mortality rate. Approximately 1.6 million deaths owing to lung cancer are reported annually; of which, 85% of deaths occur owing to non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). At present, the conventional treatment methods for NSCLC include radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and surgery. However, drug resistance and tumour invasion or metastasis often lead to treatment failure. The ubiquitin–proteasome pathway (UPP) plays an important role in the occurrence and development of tumours. Upregulation or inhibition of proteins or enzymes involved in UPP can promote or inhibit the occurrence and development of tumours, respectively. As regulators of UPP, ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) primarily inhibit the degradation of target proteins by proteasomes through deubiquitination and hence play a carcinogenic or anticancer role. This review focuses on the role of USPs in the occurrence and development of NSCLC and the potential of corresponding targeted drugs, PROTACs and small-molecule inhibitors in the treatment of NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Can-Jun Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhao-Feng Jin
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jin Zheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Li-Tian Ma, ; Jin Zheng,
| | - Li-Tian Ma
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Li-Tian Ma, ; Jin Zheng,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bhattacharya S. An empirical review on the resistance mechanisms of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors and predictive molecular biomarkers in colorectal cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 183:103916. [PMID: 36717006 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.103916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in cytotoxic treatments, colorectal cancer remains a leading cause of death. Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients have a poor prognosis despite improved treatments and more prolonged median survival. Monoclonal antibodies like cetuximab and panitumumab target the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). They play an essential role in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) due to their efficacy in multiple phase III clinical trials across multiple treatment lines. It was discovered that anti-EGFR moAbs were only effective for a small number of patients. Mutations in KRAS and NRAS have been identified as biomarkers of drug resistance. New molecular predictors and prognostic markers are used clinically. The K-Ras mutation is the first molecular marker of a lack of response to EGFR-targeted therapy in K-Ras-mutant patients. Validating predictive and prognostic markers will improve cancer treatments. This article examines molecular markers that can predict colorectal cancer prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sankha Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gut Microbiota and Therapy in Metastatic Melanoma: Focus on MAPK Pathway Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911990. [PMID: 36233289 PMCID: PMC9569448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiome (GM) and its either pro-tumorigenic or anti-tumorigenic role is intriguing and constitutes an evolving landscape in translational oncology. It has been suggested that these microorganisms may be involved in carcinogenesis, cancer treatment response and resistance, as well as predisposition to adverse effects. In melanoma patients, one of the most immunogenic cancers, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and MAPK-targeted therapy—BRAF/MEK inhibitors—have revolutionized prognosis, and the study of the microbiome as a modulating factor is thus appealing. Although BRAF/MEK inhibitors constitute one of the main backbones of treatment in melanoma, little is known about their impact on GM and how this might correlate with immune re-induction. On the contrary, ICI and their relationship to GM has become an interesting field of research due to the already-known impact of immunotherapy in modulating the immune system. Immune reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment has been established as one of the main targets of microbiome, since it can induce immunosuppressive phenotypes, promote inflammatory responses or conduct anti-tumor responses. As a result, ongoing clinical trials are evaluating the role of fecal microbiota transplant (FMT), as well as the impact of using dietary supplements, antibiotics and probiotics in the prediction of response to therapy. In this review, we provide an overview of GM’s link to cancer, its relationship with the immune system and how this may impact response to treatments in melanoma patients. We also discuss insights about novel therapeutic approaches including FMT, changes in diet and use of probiotics, prebiotics and symbiotics. Finally, we hypothesize on the possible pathways through which GM may impact anti-tumor efficacy in melanoma patients treated with targeted therapy, an appealing subject of which little is known.
Collapse
|