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Al Zomia AS, Al Zehefa IAM, Lahiq LA, Mirdad MT, Alshahrani AS, Alshahrani T, Almahfuth NN, Mirdad MT, Alqarni AA, Alshareef NM, Al Qahtani RM, Asiri MA, Alshahrani MS, Ghazy RM, Tawhari I. Tracking the epidemiological trends of female breast cancer in Saudi Arabia since 1990 and forecasting future statistics using global burden of disease data, time-series analysis. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1953. [PMID: 39039473 PMCID: PMC11265076 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19377-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female breast cancer stands as the prime type of cancer in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), with a high incidence and mortality rates. This study assessed the burden of female breast cancer in KSA by analyzing and forecasting its incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). METHODS We retrieved data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) about female breast cancer from 1990 to 2021. Time-series analysis used the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model to forecast female breast cancer statistics from 2022 to 2026. RESULTS From 1990 to 2021, KSA reported 77,513 cases of female breast cancer. The age groups with the highest number of cases are 45-49 years, followed by 40-44 years, 50-54 years, and 35-39 years. The analysis also showed fewer cases in the younger age groups, with the lowest number in the less than 20-year-old age group. From 1990 to 2021, KSA reported 19,440 deaths due to breast cancer, increasing from 201 cases in 1990 to 1,190 cases in 2021. The age-standardized incidence rate/100,000 of breast cancer increased from 15.4 (95% confidence interval (CI) 11.2-21.0) in 1990 to 46.0 (95%CI 34.5-61.5) in 2021. The forecasted incidence rate of female breast cancer will be 46.5 (95%CI 45.8-46.5) in 2022 and 49.6 (95%CI 46.8-52.3) in 2026. The age-standardized death rate per 100,000 Saudi women with breast cancer increased from 6.73 (95%CI 6.73-9.03) in 1990 to 9.77 (95%CI 7.63-13.00) in 2021. The forecasted female breast cancer death rate will slightly decrease to 9.67 (95%CI 9.49-9.84) in 2022 and to 9.26 (95%CI 8.37-10.15) in 2026. DALYs increased from 229.2 (95%CI 165.7-313.6) in 1990 to 346.1 (95%CI 253.9-467.2) in 2021. The forecasted DALYs of female breast cancer will slightly decrease to 343.3 (95%CI 337.2-349.5) in 2022 reaching 332.1 (95%CI 301.2-363.1) in 2026. CONCLUSIONS Female breast cancer is still a significant public health burden that challenges the health system in KSA, current policies and interventions should be fashioned to alleviate the disease morbidity and mortality and mitigate its future burden.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ramy Mohamed Ghazy
- Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
- Tropical Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim Tawhari
- Internal Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Hu S, Wu X, Jiang H. Trends and projections of the global burden of thyroid cancer from 1990 to 2030. J Glob Health 2024; 14:04084. [PMID: 38751316 PMCID: PMC11109522 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.04084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to explore the burden of thyroid cancer worldwide from 1990 to 2019 and to project its future trends from 2020 to 2030. Methods Based on annual data on thyroid cancer cases from 1990 to 2019 available in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database, we calculated the age-standardised incidence, death, and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates for thyroid cancer. We used the estimated annual percentage change (EPAC) to quantify the temporal trends in these age-standardised rates from 1990 to 2019 and applied generalised additive models to project the disease burden from 2020 to 2030. Results The global age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR) of thyroid cancer increased from 1990 to 2019, with a higher overall disease burden in women than in men at both study time points. The male-to-female ratios for the ASIR increased from 0.41 in 1990 to 0.51 in 2019, while the ratio for the age-standardised death rate (ASDR) increased from 0.60 to 0.82. The models predicted the United Arab Emirates would have the fastest rising trend in both the ASIR (estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) = 4.19) and age-standardised DALY rate (EAPC = 4.36) in 2020-30, while Saint Kitts and Nevis will have the fastest rising trend in the ASDR (EAPC = 2.29). Meanwhile, the growth trends for the ASDR and age-standardised DALY rate are projected to increase across countries in this period. A correlation analysis of the global burden of thyroid cancer between 1990-2019 and 2020-30 showed a significant positive correlation between the increase in the ASIR and socio-demographic index (SDI) in low-SDI and low-middle-SDI countries. Conclusions The global burden of thyroid cancer is increasing, especially in the female population and in low-middle-SDI regions, underscoring a need to target them for effective prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supei Hu
- Department of General Practice, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Research and Education department, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Xianjiang Wu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of General Practice, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Zhang T, Sun S, Xia T, Huang Q, Fu Y, Wang W, Yang H, Hong X, Zhou N, Yu H. Trends in breast cancer mortality attributable to metabolic risks in Chinese women from 1990 to 2019: an age-period-cohort analysis. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1369027. [PMID: 38690163 PMCID: PMC11058724 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1369027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Metabolic risks (MRs) are the primary determinants of breast cancer (BC) mortality among women. This study aimed to examine the changing trends in BC mortality associated with MRs and explore how they related to age, time period, and birth cohorts in Chinese women aged 25 and above. Methods Data were sourced from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD2019). The BC mortality trajectories and patterns attributable to MRs were assessed using Joinpoint regression. The age-period-cohort (APC) model was employed to evaluate cohort and time period effects. Results The age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of BC mortality linked to MRs displayed an escalating trend from 1990 to 2019, demonstrating an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of 1.79% (95% CI: 1.69~1.87). AAPCs attributable to high fasting plasma glucose (HFPG) and high body mass index (HBMI) were 0.41% (95% CI: 0.32~0.53) and 2.75% (95% CI: 2.68~2.82), respectively. APC analysis revealed that BC mortality due to HBMI in women aged 50 and above showed a rise with age and mortality associated with HFPG consistently demonstrated a positive correlation with age. The impact of HBMI on BC mortality significantly outweighed that of HFPG. The risk of BC mortality linked to HBMI has steadily increased since 2005, while HFPG demonstrated a trend of initial increase followed by a decrease in the period effect. Regarding the cohort effect, the relative risk of mortality was greater in the birth cohort of women after the 1960s of MRs on BC mortality, whereas those born after 1980 displayed a slight decline in the relative risk (RR) associated with BC mortality due to HBMI. Conclusion This study suggests that middle-aged and elderly women should be considered as a priority population, and control of HBMI and HFPG should be used as a primary tool to control metabolic risk factors and effectively reduce BC mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Science and Education, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Simeng Sun
- Department of Science and Education, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Xia
- Monash Addiction Research Centre, Monash University, Frankston, VC, Australia
| | - Qiaoyu Huang
- Department of Science and Education, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yali Fu
- Department of Epidemiological Research, Jiangsu Health Development Research Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Noncommunicable Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huafeng Yang
- Department of Noncommunicable Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Noncommunicable Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Division of Medical Affairs, Nanjing Municipal Health Commission, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Noncommunicable Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Wang YC, He JL, Tsai CL, Tzeng HE, Chang WS, Pan SH, Chen LH, Su CH, Lin JC, Hung CC, Bau DT, Tsai CW. The Contribution of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 Genotypes to Breast Cancer Risk in Taiwan. Life (Basel) 2023; 14:9. [PMID: 38276258 PMCID: PMC10817502 DOI: 10.3390/life14010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) is an endogenous inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and is highly expressed in breast cancer (BC) cases at diagnosis. However, the genetic investigations for the association of TIMP-2 genotypes with BC risk are rather limited. In this study, contribution of TIMP-2 rs8179090, rs4789936, rs2009196 and rs7342880 genotypes to BC risk was examined among Taiwan's BC population. TIMP-2 genotypic profiles were revealed among 1232 BC cases and 1232 controls about their contribution to BC using a PCR-based RFLP methodology. The TIMP-2 rs8179090 homozygous variant CC genotype was significantly higher in BC cases than controls (odds ratio (OR) = 2.76, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.78-4.28, p = 0.0001). Allelic analysis showed that C allele carriers have increased risk for BC (OR = 1.39, 95%CI = 1.20-1.62, p = 0.0001). Genotypic together with allelic analysis showed that TIMP-2 rs4789936, rs2009196 or rs7342880 were not associated with BC risk. Stratification analysis showed that TIMP-2 rs8179090 genotypes were significantly associated with BC risk among younger (≤55) aged women, not among those of an elder (>55) age. Last, rs8179090 genotypes were also associated with triple negative BC. This study sheds light into the etiology of BC in Taiwanese women. Rs8179090 may be incorporated into polygenic risk scores and risk prediction models, which could aid in stratifying individuals for targeted breast cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chi Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Jie-Long He
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Veterinary Medicine, Asia University, Taichung 413305, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Lin Tsai
- Division of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan
| | - Huey-En Tzeng
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, and Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shin Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Han Pan
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsiou Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsien Su
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Cherng Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Chiayi 60090, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chiang Hung
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan
| | - Da-Tian Bau
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 413305, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
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