1
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Poh WT, Stanslas J. The new paradigm in animal testing - "3Rs alternatives". Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 153:105705. [PMID: 39299677 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2024.105705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Regulatory studies have revolutionised over time. Today, the focus has shifted from animal toxicity testing to non-animal for regulatory safety testing. This move is in line with the international 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement) principle and has also changed the regulator's perspective. The 3R principle has stimulated changes in policy, regulations, and new approaches to safety assessment in drug development in many countries. The 3Rs approach has led to the discovery and application of new technologies and more human-relevant in vitro approaches that minimise the use of animals including non-human primates, in research and improve animal welfare. In 2016, the European Medicines Agency published the Guidelines on the principles of regulatory acceptance of 3Rs testing approaches, followed by a conceptual paper in 2023 to align with current 3R standards. Additionally, the United States Food and Drug Administration passed new legislation in 2023 that no longer requires all new human drugs to be tested on animals, which will change the current testing paradigm. This review paper provides the adoption of the 3Rs and the current regulatory perspective regarding their implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tsin Poh
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Johnson Stanslas
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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2
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Ciufolini G, Zampieri S, Cesaroni S, Pasquale V, Bonanomi M, Gaglio D, Sacco E, Vanoni M, Pastore M, Marra F, Cicero DO, Raggi C, Petrella G. 3D Modeling: Insights into the Metabolic Reprogramming of Cholangiocarcinoma Cells. Cells 2024; 13:1536. [PMID: 39329720 PMCID: PMC11430555 DOI: 10.3390/cells13181536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing accurate in vitro models that replicate the in vivo tumor environment is essential for advancing cancer research and therapeutic development. Traditional 2D cell cultures often fail to capture the complex structural and functional heterogeneity of tumors, limiting the translational relevance of findings. In contrast, 3D culture systems, such as spheroids, provide a more physiologically relevant context by replicating key aspects of the tumor microenvironment. This study aimed to compare the metabolism of three intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cell lines in 2D and 3D cultures to identify metabolic shifts associated with spheroid formation. Cells were cultured in 2D on adhesion plates and in 3D using ultra-low attachment plates. Metabolic exchange rates were measured using NMR, and intracellular metabolites were analyzed using LC-MS. Significant metabolic differences were observed between 2D and 3D cultures, with notable changes in central carbon and glutathione metabolism in 3D spheroids. The results suggest that 3D cultures, which more closely mimic the in vivo environment, may offer a more accurate platform for cancer research and drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Ciufolini
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (S.Z.); (S.C.); (D.O.C.)
| | - Serena Zampieri
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (S.Z.); (S.C.); (D.O.C.)
| | - Simona Cesaroni
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (S.Z.); (S.C.); (D.O.C.)
| | - Valentina Pasquale
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (V.P.); (E.S.); (M.V.)
- SYSBIO-ISBE-IT-Candidate National Node of Italy for ISBE, Research Infrastructure for Systems Biology Europe, 20126 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (D.G.)
| | - Marcella Bonanomi
- SYSBIO-ISBE-IT-Candidate National Node of Italy for ISBE, Research Infrastructure for Systems Biology Europe, 20126 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (D.G.)
- Institute of Bioimaging and Complex Biological Systems (IBSBC), 20054 Segrate, Italy
| | - Daniela Gaglio
- SYSBIO-ISBE-IT-Candidate National Node of Italy for ISBE, Research Infrastructure for Systems Biology Europe, 20126 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (D.G.)
- Institute of Bioimaging and Complex Biological Systems (IBSBC), 20054 Segrate, Italy
| | - Elena Sacco
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (V.P.); (E.S.); (M.V.)
- SYSBIO-ISBE-IT-Candidate National Node of Italy for ISBE, Research Infrastructure for Systems Biology Europe, 20126 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (D.G.)
| | - Marco Vanoni
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (V.P.); (E.S.); (M.V.)
- SYSBIO-ISBE-IT-Candidate National Node of Italy for ISBE, Research Infrastructure for Systems Biology Europe, 20126 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (D.G.)
| | - Mirella Pastore
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy; (M.P.); (F.M.)
| | - Fabio Marra
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy; (M.P.); (F.M.)
| | - Daniel Oscar Cicero
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (S.Z.); (S.C.); (D.O.C.)
| | - Chiara Raggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy; (M.P.); (F.M.)
| | - Greta Petrella
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (S.Z.); (S.C.); (D.O.C.)
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3
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Silva MLS. Lectin-modified drug delivery systems - Recent applications in the oncology field. Int J Pharm 2024; 665:124685. [PMID: 39260750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Chemotherapy with cytotoxic drugs remains the core treatment for cancer but, due to the difficulty to find general and usable biochemical differences between cancer cells and normal cells, many of these drugs are associated with lack of specificity, resulting in side effects and collateral cytotoxicity that impair patients' adherence to therapy. Novel cancer treatments in which the cytotoxic effect is maximized while adverse effects are reduced can be implemented by developing targeted therapies that exploit the specific features of cancer cells, such as the typical expression of aberrant glycans. Modification of drug delivery systems with lectins is one of the strategies to implement targeted chemotherapies, as lectins are able to specifically recognize and bind to cancer-associated glycans expressed at the surface of cancer cells, guiding the drug treatment towards these cells and not affecting healthy ones. In this paper, recent advances on the development of lectin-modified drug delivery systems for targeted cancer treatments are thoroughly reviewed, with a focus on their properties and performance in diverse applications, as well as their main advantages and limitations. The synthesis and analytical characterization of the cited lectin-modified drug delivery systems is also briefly described. A comparison with free-drug treatments and with antibody-modified drug delivery systems is presented, emphasizing the advantages of lectin-modified drug delivery systems. Main constraints and potential challenges of lectin-modified drug delivery systems, including key difficulties for clinical translation of these systems, and the required developments in this area, are also signalled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luísa S Silva
- Centro de Estudos Globais, Universidade Aberta, Rua da Escola Politécnica 147, 1269-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
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4
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Lee Y, Min J, Kim S, Park W, Ko J, Jeon NL. Recapitulating the Cancer-Immunity Cycle on a Chip. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401927. [PMID: 39221688 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The cancer-immunity cycle is a fundamental framework for understanding how the immune system interacts with cancer cells, balancing T cell recognition and elimination of tumors while avoiding autoimmune reactions. Despite advancements in immunotherapy, there remains a critical need to dissect each phase of the cycle, particularly the interactions among the tumor, vasculature, and immune system within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Innovative platforms such as organ-on-a-chip, organoids, and bioprinting within microphysiological systems (MPS) are increasingly utilized to enhance the understanding of these interactions. These systems meticulously replicate crucial aspects of the TME and immune responses, providing robust platforms to study cancer progression, immune evasion, and therapeutic interventions with greater physiological relevance. This review explores the latest advancements in MPS technologies for modeling various stages of the cancer-immune cycle, critically evaluating their applications and limitations in advancing the understanding of cancer-immune dynamics and guiding the development of next-generation immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehong Min
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Solbin Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooju Park
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Ko
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Noo Li Jeon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Qureator, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92110, USA
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5
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Klampatsa A. Overcoming efficiency limitations of CAR-T cell therapy in antigen-heterogeneous solid tumors. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2024; 24:879-881. [PMID: 39210780 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2024.2399141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Astero Klampatsa
- Thoracic Oncology Immunotherapy Group, The Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, London, UK
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6
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Piana D, Iavarone F, De Paolis E, Daniele G, Parisella F, Minucci A, Greco V, Urbani A. Phenotyping Tumor Heterogeneity through Proteogenomics: Study Models and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8830. [PMID: 39201516 PMCID: PMC11354793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity refers to the diversity observed among tumor cells: both between different tumors (inter-tumor heterogeneity) and within a single tumor (intra-tumor heterogeneity). These cells can display distinct morphological and phenotypic characteristics, including variations in cellular morphology, metastatic potential and variability treatment responses among patients. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of such heterogeneity is necessary for deciphering tumor-specific mechanisms that may be diagnostically and therapeutically valuable. Innovative and multidisciplinary approaches are needed to understand this complex feature. In this context, proteogenomics has been emerging as a significant resource for integrating omics fields such as genomics and proteomics. By combining data obtained from both Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies and mass spectrometry (MS) analyses, proteogenomics aims to provide a comprehensive view of tumor heterogeneity. This approach reveals molecular alterations and phenotypic features related to tumor subtypes, potentially identifying therapeutic biomarkers. Many achievements have been made; however, despite continuous advances in proteogenomics-based methodologies, several challenges remain: in particular the limitations in sensitivity and specificity and the lack of optimal study models. This review highlights the impact of proteogenomics on characterizing tumor phenotypes, focusing on the critical challenges and current limitations of its use in different clinical and preclinical models for tumor phenotypic characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Piana
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.P.); (F.I.); (F.P.)
- Departmen Unity of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology, Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.D.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.P.); (F.I.); (F.P.)
- Departmen Unity of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology, Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.D.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Elisa De Paolis
- Departmen Unity of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology, Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.D.P.); (A.M.)
- Departmental Unit of Molecular and Genomic Diagnostics, Genomics Core Facility, Gemelli Science and Technology Park (G-STeP), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gennaro Daniele
- Phase 1 Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Federico Parisella
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.P.); (F.I.); (F.P.)
| | - Angelo Minucci
- Departmen Unity of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology, Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.D.P.); (A.M.)
- Departmental Unit of Molecular and Genomic Diagnostics, Genomics Core Facility, Gemelli Science and Technology Park (G-STeP), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Greco
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.P.); (F.I.); (F.P.)
- Departmen Unity of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology, Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.D.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrea Urbani
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.P.); (F.I.); (F.P.)
- Departmen Unity of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology, Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.D.P.); (A.M.)
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7
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Zhang R, Jiang Q, Zhuang Z, Zeng H, Li Y. A bibliometric analysis of drug resistance in immunotherapy for breast cancer: trends, themes, and research focus. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1452303. [PMID: 39188717 PMCID: PMC11345160 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1452303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
While breast cancer treatments have advanced significantly nowadays, yet metastatic, especially triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), remains challenging with low survival. Cancer immunotherapy, a promising approach for HER2-positive and TNBC, still faces resistance hurdles. Recently, numerous studies have set their sights on the resistance of immunotherapy for breast cancer. Our study provides a thorough comprehension of the current research landscape, hotspots, and emerging breakthroughs in this critical area through a meticulous bibliometric analysis. As of March 26, 2024, a total of 1341 articles on immunology resistance in breast cancer have been gathered from Web of Science Core Collection, including 765 articles and 576 reviews. Bibliometrix, CiteSpace and VOSviewer software were utilized to examine publications and citations per year, prolific countries, contributive institutions, high-level journals and scholars, as well as highly cited articles, references and keywords. The research of immunotherapy resistance in breast cancer has witnessed a remarkable surge over the past seven years. The United States and China have made significant contributions, with Harvard Medical School being the most prolific institution and actively engaging in collaborations. The most contributive author is Curigliano, G from the European Institute of Oncology in Italy, while Wucherpfennig, K. W. from the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in the USA, had the highest citations. Journals highly productive primarily focus on clinical, immunology and oncology research. Common keywords include "resistance", "expression", "tumor microenvironment", "cancer", "T cell", "therapy", "chemotherapy" and "cell". Current research endeavors to unravel the mechanisms of immune resistance in breast cancer through the integration of bioinformatics, basic experiments, and clinical trials. Efforts are underway to develop strategies that improve the effectiveness of immunotherapy, including the exploration of combination therapies and advancements in drug delivery systems. Additionally, there is a strong focus on identifying novel biomarkers that can predict patient response to immunology. This study will provide researchers with an up-to-date overview of the present knowledge in drug resistance of immunology for breast cancer, serving as a valuable resource for informed decision-making and further research on innovative approaches to address immunotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rendong Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Qiongzhi Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zhemin Zhuang
- Engineering College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huancheng Zeng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yaochen Li
- The Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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8
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Tonon G, Rizzolio F, Visentin F, Scattolin T. Antibody Drug Conjugates for Cancer Therapy: From Metallodrugs to Nature-Inspired Payloads. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8651. [PMID: 39201338 PMCID: PMC11355040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This review highlights significant advancements in antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) equipped with metal-based and nature-inspired payloads, focusing on synthetic strategies for antibody conjugation. Traditional methods such us maleimide and succinimide conjugation and classical condensation reactions are prevalent for metallodrugs and natural compounds. However, emerging non-conventional strategies such as photoconjugation are gaining traction due to their milder conditions and, in an aspect which minimizes side reactions, selective formation of ADC. The review also summarizes the therapeutic and diagnostic properties of these ADCs, highlighting their enhanced selectivity and reduced side effects in cancer treatment compared to non-conjugated payloads. ADCs combine the specificity of monoclonal antibodies with the cytotoxicity of chemotherapy drugs, offering a targeted approach to the elimination of cancer cells while sparing healthy tissues. This targeted mechanism has demonstrated impressive clinical efficacy in various malignancies. Key future advancements include improved linker technology for enhanced stability and controlled release of cytotoxic agents, incorporation of novel, more potent, cytotoxic agents, and the identification of new cancer-specific antigens through genomic and proteomic technologies. ADCs are also expected to play a crucial role in combination therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cells, and small molecule inhibitors, leading to more durable and potentially curative outcomes. Ongoing research and clinical trials are expanding their capabilities, paving the way for more effective, safer, and personalized treatments, positioning ADCs as a cornerstone of modern medicine and offering new hope to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tonon
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Università Ca’ Foscari Campus Scientifico, Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy; (G.T.); (F.R.)
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Università Ca’ Foscari Campus Scientifico, Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy; (G.T.); (F.R.)
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Fabiano Visentin
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Università Ca’ Foscari Campus Scientifico, Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy; (G.T.); (F.R.)
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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9
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Félix-Piña P, Franco Molina MA, García Coronado PL, Prado-Garcia H, Zarate-Triviño DG, Castro-Valenzuela BE, Moreno-Amador KA, Uscanga Palomeque AC, Rodríguez Padilla C. β-D-Glucose-Reduced Silver Nanoparticles Remodel the Tumor Microenvironment in a Murine Model of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8432. [PMID: 39126001 PMCID: PMC11312981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most diagnosed type of cancer worldwide and the second cause of death in women. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive, and due to the lack of specific targets, it is considered the most challenging subtype to treat and the subtype with the worst prognosis. The present study aims to determine the antitumor effect of beta-D-glucose-reduced silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-G) in a murine model of TNBC, as well as to study its effect on the tumor microenvironment. In an airbag model with 4T1 tumor cell implantation, the administration of AgNPs-G or doxorubicin showed antitumoral activity. Using immunohistochemistry it was demonstrated that treatment with AgNPs-G decreased the expression of PCNA, IDO, and GAL-3 and increased the expression of Caspase-3. In the tumor microenvironment, the treatment increased the percentage of memory T cells and innate effector cells and decreased CD4+ cells and regulatory T cells. There was also an increase in the levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-6, while TNF-α was increased in serum. In conclusion, we suggest that AgNPs-G treatment has an antitumor effect that is demonstrated by its ability to remodel the tumor microenvironment in mice with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Félix-Piña
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico; (P.F.-P.); (P.L.G.C.); (D.G.Z.-T.); (B.E.C.-V.); (A.C.U.P.); (C.R.P.)
| | - Moisés Armides Franco Molina
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico; (P.F.-P.); (P.L.G.C.); (D.G.Z.-T.); (B.E.C.-V.); (A.C.U.P.); (C.R.P.)
| | - Paola Leonor García Coronado
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico; (P.F.-P.); (P.L.G.C.); (D.G.Z.-T.); (B.E.C.-V.); (A.C.U.P.); (C.R.P.)
| | - Heriberto Prado-Garcia
- Laboratorio de Onco-Inmunobiologia, Departamento de Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Diana Ginette Zarate-Triviño
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico; (P.F.-P.); (P.L.G.C.); (D.G.Z.-T.); (B.E.C.-V.); (A.C.U.P.); (C.R.P.)
| | - Beatriz Elena Castro-Valenzuela
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico; (P.F.-P.); (P.L.G.C.); (D.G.Z.-T.); (B.E.C.-V.); (A.C.U.P.); (C.R.P.)
| | - Kenia Arisbe Moreno-Amador
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico; (P.F.-P.); (P.L.G.C.); (D.G.Z.-T.); (B.E.C.-V.); (A.C.U.P.); (C.R.P.)
| | - Ashanti Concepción Uscanga Palomeque
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico; (P.F.-P.); (P.L.G.C.); (D.G.Z.-T.); (B.E.C.-V.); (A.C.U.P.); (C.R.P.)
| | - Cristina Rodríguez Padilla
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico; (P.F.-P.); (P.L.G.C.); (D.G.Z.-T.); (B.E.C.-V.); (A.C.U.P.); (C.R.P.)
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10
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Sikorska M, Ruzycka-Ayoush M, Rios-Mondragon I, Longhin EM, Meczynska-Wielgosz S, Wojewodzka M, Kowalczyk A, Kasprzak A, Nowakowska J, Sobczak K, Muszynska M, Cimpan MR, Runden-Pran E, Shaposhnikov S, Kruszewski M, Dusinska M, Nowicka AM, Grudzinski IP. Lack of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of mPEG-silane coated iron(III) oxide nanoparticles doped with magnesium despite cellular uptake in cancerous and noncancerous lung cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 99:105850. [PMID: 38801838 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of novel mPEG-silane coated iron(III) oxide nanoparticles doped with magnesium (Mg0.1-γ-Fe2O3(mPEG-silane)0.5) have been investigated on human adenocarcinomic alveolar basal epithelial (A549) and human normal bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells. In the studies several molecular and cellular targets addressing to cell membrane, cytoplasm organelles and nucleus components were served as toxicological endpoints. The as-synthesized nanoparticles were found to be stable in the cell culture media and were examined for different concentration and exposure times. No cytotoxicity of the tested nanoparticles was found although these nanoparticles slightly increased reactive oxygen species in both cell types studied. Mg0.1-γ-Fe2O3(mPEG-silane)0.5 nanoparticles did not produce any DNA strand breaks and oxidative DNA damages in A549 and BEAS-2B cells. Different concentration of Mg0.1-γ-Fe2O3(mPEG-silane)0.5 nanoparticles and different incubation time did not affect cell migration. The lung cancer cells' uptake of the nanoparticles was more effective than in normal lung cells. Altogether, the results evidence that mPEG-silane coated iron(III) oxide nanoparticles doped with magnesium do not elucidate any deleterious effects on human normal and cancerous lung cells despite cellular uptake of these nanoparticles. Therefore, it seems reasonable to conclude that these novel biocompatible nanoparticles are promising candidates for further development towards medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Sikorska
- Department of Toxicology and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha Str. 1, PL-02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Monika Ruzycka-Ayoush
- Department of Toxicology and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha Str. 1, PL-02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ivan Rios-Mondragon
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Årstadveien. 19, Bergen 5009, Norway
| | - Eleonora Marta Longhin
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2007 Kjeller, Norway
| | - Sylwia Meczynska-Wielgosz
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna Str. 16, PL-03-195, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Wojewodzka
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna Str. 16, PL-03-195, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Kowalczyk
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura Str. 1, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Kasprzak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego Str. 3, PL-00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Julita Nowakowska
- Laboratory of Electron and Confocal Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa Str.1, PL-02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Sobczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 101 Str., PL 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Muszynska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 101 Str., PL 02-089 Warsaw, Poland; Pro-Environment Poland Sp. z o. o., Zwirki i Wigury Str. 101, PL 02-098 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mihaela Roxana Cimpan
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Årstadveien. 19, Bergen 5009, Norway
| | - Elise Runden-Pran
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2007 Kjeller, Norway
| | | | - Marcin Kruszewski
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna Str. 16, PL-03-195, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Medical Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health,Jaczewskiego Str. 2, PL-20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2007 Kjeller, Norway
| | - Anna M Nowicka
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura Str. 1, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ireneusz P Grudzinski
- Department of Toxicology and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha Str. 1, PL-02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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Shukla AK, Yoon S, Oh SO, Lee D, Ahn M, Kim BS. Advancement in Cancer Vasculogenesis Modeling through 3D Bioprinting Technology. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:306. [PMID: 38786516 PMCID: PMC11118135 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9050306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer vasculogenesis is a pivotal focus of cancer research and treatment given its critical role in tumor development, metastasis, and the formation of vasculogenic microenvironments. Traditional approaches to investigating cancer vasculogenesis face significant challenges in accurately modeling intricate microenvironments. Recent advancements in three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology present promising solutions to these challenges. This review provides an overview of cancer vasculogenesis and underscores the importance of precise modeling. It juxtaposes traditional techniques with 3D bioprinting technologies, elucidating the advantages of the latter in developing cancer vasculogenesis models. Furthermore, it explores applications in pathological investigations, preclinical medication screening for personalized treatment and cancer diagnostics, and envisages future prospects for 3D bioprinted cancer vasculogenesis models. Despite notable advancements, current 3D bioprinting techniques for cancer vasculogenesis modeling have several limitations. Nonetheless, by overcoming these challenges and with technological advances, 3D bioprinting exhibits immense potential for revolutionizing the understanding of cancer vasculogenesis and augmenting treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Kumar Shukla
- School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sik Yoon
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Sciences, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Immune Reconstitution Research Center of Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Ock Oh
- Research Center for Molecular Control of Cancer Cell Diversity, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjun Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjun Ahn
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Soo Kim
- School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
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12
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Shao J, Jiang Z, Jiang H, Ye Q, Jiang Y, Zhang W, Huang Y, Shen X, Lu X, Wang X. Machine Learning Radiomics Liver Function Model for Prognostic Prediction After Radical Resection of Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Retrospective Study. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:1749-1759. [PMID: 38112885 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-14619-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to establish a machine learning radiomics liver function model to explore how liver function affects the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer (GC). METHODS Patients with advanced GC were retrospectively enrolled in this study. Eight machine learning radiomic models were constructed by extracting radiomic features from portal-vein-phase contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) images. Clinicopathological features were determined using univariate and multifactorial Cox regression analyses. These features were used to construct a GC survival nomogram. RESULTS A total of 510 patients with GC were split into training and test cohorts in an 8:2 ratio. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with type I liver function had a better prognosis. Fifteen significant features were retained to establish the machine learning model. LightBGM showed the best predictive performance in the training (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] 0.978) and test cohorts (AUC 0.714). Multivariate analysis revealed that gender, age, liver function, Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) score, tumor-lymph node-metastasis stage, tumor size, and tumor differentiation were independent risk factors for GC prognosis. The survival nomogram based on machine learning radiomics, instead of liver biochemical indicators, still had high accuracy (C-index of 0.771 vs. 0.773). CONCLUSION The machine learning radiomics liver function model has high diagnostic value in predicting the influence of liver function on prognosis in patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancan Shao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Translational Cancer Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhixuan Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Translational Cancer Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinfan Ye
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Translational Cancer Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiwei Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Translational Cancer Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiteng Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingpeng Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Translational Cancer Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xian Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Translational Cancer Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xufeng Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Translational Cancer Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Translational Cancer Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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da Costa Sousa MG, Vignolo SM, Franca CM, Mereness J, Alves Fraga MA, Silva-Sousa AC, Benoit DSW, Bertassoni LE. Engineering models of head and neck and oral cancers on-a-chip. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2024; 18:021502. [PMID: 38464668 PMCID: PMC10919958 DOI: 10.1063/5.0186722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNCs) rank as the sixth most common cancer globally and result in over 450 000 deaths annually. Despite considerable advancements in diagnostics and treatment, the 5-year survival rate for most types of HNCs remains below 50%. Poor prognoses are often attributed to tumor heterogeneity, drug resistance, and immunosuppression. These characteristics are difficult to replicate using in vitro or in vivo models, culminating in few effective approaches for early detection and therapeutic drug development. Organs-on-a-chip offer a promising avenue for studying HNCs, serving as microphysiological models that closely recapitulate the complexities of biological tissues within highly controllable microfluidic platforms. Such systems have gained interest as advanced experimental tools to investigate human pathophysiology and assess therapeutic efficacy, providing a deeper understanding of cancer pathophysiology. This review outlines current challenges and opportunities in replicating HNCs within microphysiological systems, focusing on mimicking the soft, glandular, and hard tissues of the head and neck. We further delve into the major applications of organ-on-a-chip models for HNCs, including fundamental research, drug discovery, translational approaches, and personalized medicine. This review emphasizes the integration of organs-on-a-chip into the repertoire of biological model systems available to researchers. This integration enables the exploration of unique aspects of HNCs, thereby accelerating discoveries with the potential to improve outcomes for HNC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jared Mereness
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Dermatology and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | | | - Alice Corrêa Silva-Sousa
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo. Av. do Café - Subsetor Oeste—11 (N-11), Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
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14
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Tabatabaee A, Nafari B, Farhang A, Hariri A, Khosravi A, Zarrabi A, Mirian M. Targeting vimentin: a multifaceted approach to combatting cancer metastasis and drug resistance. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:363-377. [PMID: 38012357 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
This comprehensive review explores vimentin as a pivotal therapeutic target in cancer treatment, with a primary focus on mitigating metastasis and overcoming drug resistance. Vimentin, a key player in cancer progression, is intricately involved in processes such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and resistance mechanisms to standard cancer therapies. The review delves into diverse vimentin inhibition strategies. Precision tools, including antibodies and nanobodies, selectively neutralize vimentin's pro-tumorigenic effects. DNA and RNA aptamers disrupt vimentin-associated signaling pathways through their adaptable binding properties. Innovative approaches, such as vimentin-targeted vaccines and microRNAs (miRNAs), harness the immune system and post-transcriptional regulation to combat vimentin-expressing cancer cells. By dissecting vimentin inhibition strategies across these categories, this review provides a comprehensive overview of anti-vimentin therapeutics in cancer treatment. It underscores the growing recognition of vimentin as a pivotal therapeutic target in cancer and presents a diverse array of inhibitors, including antibodies, nanobodies, DNA and RNA aptamers, vaccines, and miRNAs. These multifaceted approaches hold substantial promise for tackling metastasis and overcoming drug resistance, collectively presenting new avenues for enhanced cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliye Tabatabaee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 8174673461, Iran
| | - Behjat Nafari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 8174673461, Iran
| | - Armin Farhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 8174673461, Iran
| | - Amirali Hariri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 8174673461, Iran
| | - Arezoo Khosravi
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, 34959, Türkiye
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34396, Türkiye.
- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, India.
| | - Mina Mirian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 8174673461, Iran.
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Dhanyamraju PK. Drug resistance mechanisms in cancers: Execution of pro-survival strategies. J Biomed Res 2024; 38:95-121. [PMID: 38413011 PMCID: PMC11001593 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.37.20230248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the quintessential challenges in cancer treatment is drug resistance. Several mechanisms of drug resistance have been described to date, and new modes of drug resistance continue to be discovered. The phenomenon of cancer drug resistance is now widespread, with approximately 90% of cancer-related deaths associated with drug resistance. Despite significant advances in the drug discovery process, the emergence of innate and acquired mechanisms of drug resistance has impeded the progress in cancer therapy. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of drug resistance and the various pathways involved is integral to treatment modalities. In the present review, I discuss the different mechanisms of drug resistance in cancer cells, including DNA damage repair, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, inhibition of cell death, alteration of drug targets, inactivation of drugs, deregulation of cellular energetics, immune evasion, tumor-promoting inflammation, genome instability, and other contributing epigenetic factors. Furthermore, I highlight available treatment options and conclude with future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Kumar Dhanyamraju
- Fels Cancer Institute of Personalized Medicine, Lewis-Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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16
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Saadh MJ, Rasulova I, Almoyad MAA, Kiasari BA, Ali RT, Rasheed T, Faisal A, Hussain F, Jawad MJ, Hani T, Sârbu I, Lakshmaiya N, Ciongradi CI. Recent progress and the emerging role of lncRNAs in cancer drug resistance; focusing on signaling pathways. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:154999. [PMID: 38118218 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
It is becoming more and more apparent that many of the genetic alterations associated with cancer are located in areas that do not encode proteins. lncRNAs are a class of RNAs that do not code for proteins but play a crucial role in maintaining cell function and regulating various cellular processes. By doing this, they have recently introduced what may be a brand-new and essential layer of biological control. These have more than 200 nucleotides and are linked to several diseases; as a result, they have become potential tools for therapeutic intervention. Emerging technologies suggest the presence of mutations on genomic loci that give rise to lncRNAs rather than proteins in a disease as complex as cancer. These lncRNAs play essential parts in gene regulation, which impacts several cellular homeostasis processes, including proliferation, survival, migration, and genomic stability. The leading cause of death in the world today is cancer. Delays in diagnosis and a lack of standard and efficient treatments are the leading causes of the high death rate. Clinically, surgery is frequently used successfully to remove cancers that have not spread, but it is less successful in treating metastatic cancer, which has a drastically lower chance of survival. Chemotherapeutic drugs are a typical therapy to treat the cancer that has spread to other organs. Drug resistance to chemotherapy, however, presents a significant challenge to achieving positive outcomes and is frequently the cause of treatment failure. A substantial barrier to progress in medical oncology is cancer drug resistance. Resistance can develop clinically either before or after cancer treatment. According to this study, lncRNAs influence drug resistance through several different methods. LncRNAs often impact drug resistance by controlling the expression of a few intermediary regulatory variables rather than by directly affecting drug resistance. Additionally, lncRNAs have a variety of roles in cancer medication resistance. Most lncRNAs induce drug resistance when overexpressed; however, other lncRNAs have inhibitory effects. This study provides an overview of the current understanding of lncRNAs, relevance to cancer, and potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed J Saadh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan
| | - Irodakhon Rasulova
- School of Humanities, Natural & Social Sciences, New Uzbekistan University, 54 Mustaqillik Ave., Tashkent 100007, Uzbekistan; Department of Public Health, Samarkand State Medical University, Amir Temur Street 18, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Abdullah Almoyad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 4536, 47 Abha Mushait, 61412, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bahman Abedi Kiasari
- Microbiology & Immunology Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ronak Taher Ali
- College of Medical Technology, Al-Kitab University, Kirkuk, Iraq
| | - Tariq Rasheed
- College of Science and Humanities, Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Faisal
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Noor University College, Nineveh, Iraq
| | - Farah Hussain
- Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Iraq
| | | | - Thamer Hani
- Dentistry Department, Al-Turath University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ioan Sârbu
- 2nd Department of Surgery-Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania.
| | - Natrayan Lakshmaiya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Carmen Iulia Ciongradi
- 2nd Department of Surgery-Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania.
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Bhattacharyya S, Ehsan SF, Karacosta LG. Phenotypic maps for precision medicine: a promising systems biology tool for assessing therapy response and resistance at a personalized level. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 3:1256104. [PMID: 37964768 PMCID: PMC10642209 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2023.1256104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
In this perspective we discuss how tumor heterogeneity and therapy resistance necessitate a focus on more personalized approaches, prompting a shift toward precision medicine. At the heart of the shift towards personalized medicine, omics-driven systems biology becomes a driving force as it leverages high-throughput technologies and novel bioinformatics tools. These enable the creation of systems-based maps, providing a comprehensive view of individual tumor's functional plasticity. We highlight the innovative PHENOSTAMP program, which leverages high-dimensional data to construct a visually intuitive and user-friendly map. This map was created to encapsulate complex transitional states in cancer cells, such as Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition (MET), offering a visually intuitive way to understand disease progression and therapeutic responses at single-cell resolution in relation to EMT-related single-cell phenotypes. Most importantly, PHENOSTAMP functions as a reference map, which allows researchers and clinicians to assess one clinical specimen at a time in relation to their phenotypic heterogeneity, setting the foundation on constructing phenotypic maps for personalized medicine. This perspective argues that such dynamic predictive maps could also catalyze the development of personalized cancer treatment. They hold the potential to transform our understanding of cancer biology, providing a foundation for a future where therapy is tailored to each patient's unique molecular and cellular tumor profile. As our knowledge of cancer expands, these maps can be continually refined, ensuring they remain a valuable tool in precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Bhattacharyya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Shafqat F. Ehsan
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Loukia G. Karacosta
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Marín-Hernández Á, Saavedra E. Metabolic control analysis as a strategy to identify therapeutic targets, the case of cancer glycolysis. Biosystems 2023; 231:104986. [PMID: 37506818 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2023.104986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The use of kinetic modeling and metabolic control analysis (MCA) to identify possible therapeutic targets and to investigate the controlling and regulatory mechanisms in cancer glycolysis is here reviewed. The glycolytic pathway has been considered a target to decrease cancer cell growth; however, its occurrence in normal cells makes it difficult to design therapeutic strategies that target this pathway in pathological cells. Notwithstanding, the over-expression of all enzymes and transporters, as well as the expression of isoenzymes with different kinetic and regulatory properties in cancer cells, suggested a different distribution of the control of glycolytic flux than that observed in normal cells. Kinetic models of glycolysis are constructed with enzyme kinetics experimental data, validated with the steady-state metabolite concentrations and glycolytic fluxes; applying MCA, permitted us to identify the steps with the highest control of glycolysis in cancer cells, but low control in normal cells. The cancer glycolysis main controlling steps under several metabolic conditions were: glucose transport, hexokinase and hexose-6-phosphate isomerase (HPI); whereas in normal cells were: the first two and phosphofructokinase-1. HPI is the best therapeutic target because it exerts high control in cancer glycolytic flux, but not in normal cells. Furthermore, kinetic modeling also contributed to identifying new feed-back and feed-forward regulatory loops in cancer cells glycolysis, and to understanding the mode of metabolic action of glycolytic inhibitors. Thus, MCA and metabolic modeling allowed to propose new strategies for inhibiting glycolysis in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Marín-Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico.
| | - Emma Saavedra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
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Baldo P, De Re V, Garutti M. How will the identification and therapeutic intervention of genetic targets in oncology evolve for future therapy? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:1189-1194. [PMID: 38095918 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2295493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mapping of the human genome, together with the broad understanding of new biomolecular pathways involved in cancer development, represents a huge dividing line for advances in cancer treatment. This special article aims to express the next evolution of cancer therapy, while also considering the challenges and uncertainties facing future directions. AREA COVERED The recent achievements of medical science in the oncology field concern both new diagnostic techniques, such as liquid biopsy, and therapeutic strategies with innovative anticancer drugs. Although several molecular characteristics of tumors are linked to the tissue of origin, some mutations are shared by multiple tumor histologies, thus paving the way for what is called 'precision oncology.' The article highlights the importance of identifying new mutations and biomolecular pathways that can be pursued with new anticancer drugs. EXPERT OPINION Oncology and medical science have made great progress in understanding new molecular targets; being able to early identify tumor markers that are not confined to a single organ through minimally invasive diagnostic techniques allows us to design new effective therapeutic strategies. Multidisciplinary teams now aim to evaluate the most appropriate and personalized diagnostic/therapeutic approach for the individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Baldo
- Hospital Pharmacy Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Valli De Re
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Mattia Garutti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
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Krawczyk E, Kitlińska J. Preclinical Models of Neuroblastoma-Current Status and Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3314. [PMID: 37444423 PMCID: PMC10340830 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical in vitro and in vivo models remain indispensable tools in cancer research. These classic models, including two- and three-dimensional cell culture techniques and animal models, are crucial for basic and translational studies. However, each model has its own limitations and typically does not fully recapitulate the course of the human disease. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of novel, advanced systems that can allow for efficient evaluation of the mechanisms underlying cancer development and progression, more accurately reflect the disease pathophysiology and complexity, and effectively inform therapeutic decisions for patients. Preclinical models are especially important for rare cancers, such as neuroblastoma, where the availability of patient-derived specimens that could be used for potential therapy evaluation and screening is limited. Neuroblastoma modeling is further complicated by the disease heterogeneity. In this review, we present the current status of preclinical models for neuroblastoma research, discuss their development and characteristics emphasizing strengths and limitations, and describe the necessity of the development of novel, more advanced and clinically relevant approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Krawczyk
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Joanna Kitlińska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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