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Limerick G, Uniyal A, Ford N, He S, Grenald SA, Zhang C, Cui X, Sivanesan E, Dong X, Guan Y, Raja SN. Peripherally restricted cannabinoid and mu-opioid receptor agonists synergistically attenuate neuropathic mechanical hypersensitivity in mice. Pain 2024:00006396-990000000-00615. [PMID: 38815196 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Many medications commonly used to treat neuropathic pain are associated with significant, dose-limiting adverse effects, including sedation, dizziness, and fatigue. These adverse effects are due to the activity of these medications within the central nervous system. The objective of this work was to investigate the interactions between peripherally restricted cannabinoid receptor and mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonists on ongoing and evoked neuropathic pain behaviors in mouse models. RNAscope analysis of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) and MOR mRNA demonstrated that the mRNA of both receptors is colocalized in both mouse and human dorsal root ganglion. Single-cell RNAseq of dorsal root ganglion from chronic constriction injury mice showed that the mRNA of both receptors (Cnr1 and Oprm1) is coexpressed across different neuron clusters. Myc-CB1R and FLAG-MOR were cotransfected into immortalized HEK-293T cells and were found to interact at a subcellular level. We also find that CB-13 (a peripherally restricted dual CB1R and cannabinoid receptor type 2 agonist) and DALDA (a peripherally restricted MOR agonist) both attenuate mechanical hypersensitivity in a murine model of neuropathic pain. Using isobolographic analysis, we demonstrate that when coadministered, these agents synergistically attenuate mechanical hypersensitivity. Importantly, combination dosing of these agents does not cause any detectable preferential behaviors or motor impairment. However, repeated dosing of these agents is associated with the development of tolerance to these drugs. Collectively, these findings suggest that leveraging synergistic pain inhibition between cannabinoid receptor and MOR agonists in peripheral sensory neurons may be worth examining in patients with neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankit Uniyal
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Neil Ford
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
| | - ShaoQiu He
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
| | | | - Chi Zhang
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Xiang Cui
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
| | | | - Xinzhong Dong
- Neuroscience
- Neurology and Neurosurgery and
- Dermatology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yun Guan
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
- Neurology and Neurosurgery and
| | - Srinivasa N Raja
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
- Neurology and Neurosurgery and
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Yi J, Bertels Z, Del Rosario JS, Widman AJ, Slivicki RA, Payne M, Susser HM, Copits BA, Gereau RW. Bradykinin receptor expression and bradykinin-mediated sensitization of human sensory neurons. Pain 2024; 165:202-215. [PMID: 37703419 PMCID: PMC10723647 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Bradykinin is a peptide implicated in inflammatory pain in both humans and rodents. In rodent sensory neurons, activation of B1 and B2 bradykinin receptors induces neuronal hyperexcitability. Recent evidence suggests that human and rodent dorsal root ganglia (DRG), which contain the cell bodies of sensory neurons, differ in the expression and function of key GPCRs and ion channels; whether bradykinin receptor expression and function are conserved across species has not been studied in depth. In this study, we used human DRG tissue from organ donors to provide a detailed characterization of bradykinin receptor expression and bradykinin-induced changes in the excitability of human sensory neurons. We found that B2 and, to a lesser extent, B1 receptors are expressed by human DRG neurons and satellite glial cells. B2 receptors were enriched in the nociceptor subpopulation. Using patch-clamp electrophysiology, we found that acute bradykinin increases the excitability of human sensory neurons, whereas prolonged exposure to bradykinin decreases neuronal excitability in a subpopulation of human DRG neurons. Finally, our analyses suggest that donor's history of chronic pain and age may be predictors of higher B1 receptor expression in human DRG neurons. Together, these results indicate that acute bradykinin-induced hyperexcitability, first identified in rodents, is conserved in humans and provide further evidence supporting bradykinin signaling as a potential therapeutic target for treating pain in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Yi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Zachariah Bertels
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - John Smith Del Rosario
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Allie J. Widman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Richard A. Slivicki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Maria Payne
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Henry M. Susser
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Bryan A. Copits
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Robert W. Gereau
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Tonello R, Davidson S, Berta T. Dissociation and Culture of Adult Mouse Satellite Glial Cells. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4906. [PMID: 38156033 PMCID: PMC10751239 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Satellite glial cells (SGCs) are a type of glial cell population that originates from neural crest cells. They ultimately migrate to surround the cell bodies of neurons in the ganglia of the peripheral nervous system. Under physiological conditions, SGCs perform homeostatic functions by modifying the microenvironment around nearby neurons and provide nutrients, structure, and protection. In recent years, they have gained considerable attention due to their involvement in peripheral nerve regeneration and pain. Although methods for culturing neonatal or rat SGCs have long existed, a well-characterized method for dissociating and culturing adult SGCs from mouse tissues has been lacking until recently. This has impeded further studies of their function and the testing of new therapeutics. This protocol provides a detailed description of how to obtain primary cultures of adult SGCs from mouse dorsal root ganglia in approximately two weeks with over 90% cell purity. We also demonstrate cell purity of these cultures using quantitative real-time RT-PCR and their functional integrity using calcium imaging. Key features • Detailed and simplified protocol to dissociate and culture primary satellite glial cells (SGCs) from adult mice. • Cells are dissociated in approximately 2-3 h and cultured for approximately two weeks. • These SGC cultures allow both molecular and functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Tonello
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati 45267, USA
- Pain Research Center, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York, USA
| | - Steve Davidson
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati 45267, USA
| | - Temugin Berta
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati 45267, USA
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Slivicki RA, Yi J, Brings VE, Huynh PN, Gereau RW. The cannabinoid agonist CB-13 produces peripherally mediated analgesia in mice but elicits tolerance and signs of central nervous system activity with repeated dosing. Pain 2022; 163:1603-1621. [PMID: 34961756 PMCID: PMC9281468 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Activation of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB 1 ) produces analgesia in a variety of preclinical models of pain; however, engagement of central CB 1 receptors is accompanied by unwanted side effects, such as psychoactivity, tolerance, and dependence. Therefore, some efforts to develop novel analgesics have focused on targeting peripheral CB 1 receptors to circumvent central CB 1 -related side effects. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of acute and repeated dosing with the peripherally selective CB 1 -preferring agonist CB-13 on nociception and central CB 1 -related phenotypes in a model of inflammatory pain in mice. We also evaluated cellular mechanisms underlying CB-13-induced antinociception in vitro using cultured mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons. CB-13 reduced inflammation-induced mechanical allodynia in male and female mice in a peripheral CB 1 -receptor-dependent manner and relieved inflammatory thermal hyperalgesia. In cultured mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons, CB-13 reduced TRPV1 sensitization and neuronal hyperexcitability induced by the inflammatory mediator prostaglandin E 2 , providing potential mechanistic explanations for the analgesic actions of peripheral CB 1 receptor activation. With acute dosing, phenotypes associated with central CB 1 receptor activation occurred only at a dose of CB-13 approximately 10-fold the ED 50 for reducing allodynia. Strikingly, repeated dosing resulted in both analgesic tolerance and CB 1 receptor dependence, even at a dose that did not produce central CB 1 -receptor-mediated phenotypes on acute dosing. This suggests that repeated CB-13 dosing leads to increased CNS exposure and unwanted engagement of central CB 1 receptors. Thus, caution is warranted regarding therapeutic use of CB-13 with the goal of avoiding CNS side effects. Nonetheless, the clear analgesic effect of acute peripheral CB 1 receptor activation suggests that peripherally restricted cannabinoids are a viable target for novel analgesic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Slivicki
- Washington University Pain Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jiwon Yi
- Washington University Pain Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Division of Biology & Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Victoria E. Brings
- Washington University Pain Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Phuong Nhu Huynh
- Washington University Pain Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Robert W. Gereau
- Washington University Pain Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
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