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Wyatt KD, Sarr D, Sakamoto K, Watford WT. Influenza-induced Tpl2 expression within alveolar epithelial cells is dispensable for host viral control and anti-viral immunity. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262832. [PMID: 35051238 PMCID: PMC8775564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor progression locus 2 (Tpl2) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates the expression of inflammatory mediators in response to Toll-like receptors (TLR) and cytokine receptors. Global ablation of Tpl2 leads to severe disease in response to influenza A virus (IAV) infection, characterized by respiratory distress, and studies in bone marrow chimeric mice implicated Tpl2 in non-hematopoietic cells. Lung epithelial cells are primary targets and replicative niches of influenza viruses; however, the specific regulation of antiviral responses by Tpl2 within lung epithelial cells has not been investigated. Herein, we show that Tpl2 is basally expressed in primary airway epithelial cells and that its expression increases in both type I and type II airway epithelial cells (AECI and AECII) in response to influenza infection. We used Nkx2.1-cre to drive Tpl2 deletion within pulmonary epithelial cells to delineate epithelial cell-specific functions of Tpl2 during influenza infection in mice. Although modest increases in morbidity and mortality were attributed to cre-dependent deletion in lung epithelial cells, no alterations in host cytokine production or lung pathology were observed. In vitro, Tpl2 inhibition within the type I airway epithelial cell line, LET1, as well as genetic ablation in primary airway epithelial cells did not alter cytokine production. Overall, these findings establish that Tpl2-dependent defects in cells other than AECs are primarily responsible for the morbidity and mortality seen in influenza-infected mice with global Tpl2 ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara D. Wyatt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Demba Sarr
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kaori Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Wendy T. Watford
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Xing Y, Lu P, Xue Z, Liang C, Zhang B, Kebebe D, Liu H, Liu Z. Nano-Strategies for Improving the Bioavailability of Inhaled Pharmaceutical Formulations. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 20:1258-1271. [PMID: 32386491 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200509235945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary pharmaceutical formulations are targeted for the treatment of respiratory diseases. However, their application is limited due to the physiological characteristics of the lungs, such as branching structure, mucociliary and macrophages, as well as certain properties of the drugs like particle size and solubility. Nano-formulations can ameliorate particle sizes and improve drug solubility to enhance bioavailability in the lungs. The nano-formulations for lungs reviewed in this article can be classified into nanocarriers, no-carrier-added nanosuspensions and polymer-drug conjugates. Compared with conventional inhalation preparations, these novel pulmonary pharmaceutical formulations have their own advantages, such as increasing drug solubility for better absorption and less inflammatory reaction caused by the aggregation of insoluble drugs; prolonging pulmonary retention time and reducing drug clearance; improving the patient compliance by avoiding multiple repeated administrations. This review will provide the reader with some background information for pulmonary drug delivery and give an overview of the existing literature about nano-formulations for pulmonary application to explore nano-strategies for improving the bioavailability of pulmonary pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xing
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Peng Lu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhifeng Xue
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Chunxia Liang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Dereje Kebebe
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hongfei Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhidong Liu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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Koo J, Escajadillo T, Zhang L, Nizet V, Lawrence SM. Erythrocyte-Coated Nanoparticles Block Cytotoxic Effects of Group B Streptococcus β-Hemolysin/Cytolysin. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:410. [PMID: 31737584 PMCID: PMC6839037 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) emerged as a leading cause of invasive infectious disease in neonates in the 1970s, but has recently been identified as an escalating public health threat in non-pregnant adults, particularly those of advanced aged or underlying medical conditions. GBS infection can rapidly develop into life-threatening disease despite prompt administration of effective antibiotics and initiation of state-of-the-art intensive care protocols and technologies due to deleterious bacterial virulence factors, such as the GBS pore-forming toxin β-hemolysin/cytolysin (β-H/C). β-H/C is known to have noxious effects on a wide range of host cells and tissues, including lung epithelial cell injury, blood brain barrier weakening, and immune cell apoptosis. Neonatal and adult survivors of GBS infection are at a high risk for substantial long-term health issues and neurologic disabilities due to perturbations in organ systems caused by bacterial- and host- mediated inflammatory stressors. Previously engineered anti-virulence inhibitors, such as monoclonal antibodies and small molecular inhibitors, generally require customized design for each different pathogenic toxin and do not target deleterious host pro-inflammatory responses that may cause organ injury, septic shock, or death. By simply wrapping donor red blood cells (RBCs) around polymeric cores, we have created biomimetic "nanosponges." Because nanoparticles retain the same repertoire of cell membrane receptors as their host cell, they offer non-specific and all-purpose toxin decoy strategies with a broad ability to sequester and neutralize various bacterial toxins and host pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines to attenuate the course of infectious disease. This proof-of-concept study successfully demonstrated that intervention with nanosponges reduced the hemolytic activity of live GBS and stabilized β-H/C in a dose-dependent manner. Nanosponge treatment also decreased lung epithelial and macrophage cell death following exposure to live GBS bacteria and stabilized β-H/C, improved neutrophil killing of GBS, and diminished GBS-induced macrophage IL-1β production. Our results, therefore, suggest biomimetic nanosponges provide a titratable detoxification therapy that may provide a first-in-class treatment option for GBS infection by sequestering and inhibiting β-H/C activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Koo
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Tamara Escajadillo
- Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes (CHARM), Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Victor Nizet
- Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes (CHARM), Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Shelley M Lawrence
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes (CHARM), Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Chen YW, Chiu WC, Chou SH, Su YH, Huang YF, Lee YL, Yuan SSF, Lee YC. High Nrf2 expression in alveolar type I pneumocytes is associated with low recurrences in primary spontaneous pneumothorax. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2017; 33:496-502. [PMID: 28962820 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) is a troublesome problem and a major concern for the patients. This study examined whether nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression in alveolar type I pneumocytes was associated with the clinical manifestations of PSP patients including disease recurrence. Eighty-eight PSP patients who were managed with needlescopic video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (NVATS) were included in this study. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was assessed to determine Nrf2 expression in resected lung tissues and the results were correlated with clinicopathological characteristics by the chi-square or the Fisher's exact test. The prognostic value of Nrf2 for overall recurrence was evaluated by univariate and multivariable Cox regression model. The expression of Nrf2 was observed in type I pneumocytes of lung tissues from PSP patients by IHC. We found that low Nrf2 expression in PSP patients, especially in young (age ≤ 20, p = 0.033) and body mass index (BMI) ≥18 kg/m2 (p = 0.019) groups, was significantly correlated with PSP recurrence. In the univariate and multivariate analyses, high Nrf2 expression was a significant protective factor for overall recurrence in PSP patients (univariate: p = 0.026; multivariate: p = 0.004). The expression level of Nrf2 in alveolar type I pneumocytes was a potential factor involved in PSP recurrence. Our findings suggest that elevated Nrf2 expression in PSP patients may be a promising way for reducing PSP recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chin Chiu
- Division of Chest Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shah-Hwa Chou
- Division of Chest Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Su
- Translational Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Fong Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Lung Lee
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shyng-Shiou F Yuan
- Translational Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Lee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Fehrholz M, Seidenspinner S, Kunzmann S. Expression of surfactant protein B is dependent on cell density in H441 lung epithelial cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184556. [PMID: 28910374 PMCID: PMC5599067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Expression of surfactant protein (SP)-B, which assures the structural stability of the pulmonary surfactant film, is influenced by various stimuli, including glucocorticoids; however, the role that cell-cell contact plays in SP-B transcription remains unknown. The aim of the current study was to investigate the impact of cell-cell contact on SP-B mRNA and mature SP-B expression in the lung epithelial cell line H441. Methods Different quantities of H441 cells per growth area were either left untreated or incubated with dexamethasone. The expression of SP-B, SP-B transcription factors, and tight junction proteins were determined by qPCR and immunoblotting. The influence of cell density on SP-B mRNA stability was investigated using the transcription inhibitor actinomycin D. Results SP-B mRNA and mature SP-B expression levels were significantly elevated in untreated and dexamethasone-treated H441 cells with increasing cell density. High cell density as a sole stimulus was found to barely have an impact on SP-B transcription factor and tight junction mRNA levels, while its stimulatory ability on SP-B mRNA expression could be mimicked using SP-B-negative cells. SP-B mRNA stability was significantly increased in high-density cells, but not by dexamethasone alone. Conclusion SP-B expression in H441 cells is dependent on cell-cell contact, which increases mRNA stability and thereby potentiates the glucocorticoid-mediated induction of transcription. Loss of cell integrity might contribute to reduced SP-B secretion in damaged lung cells via downregulation of SP-B transcription. Cell density-mediated effects should thus receive greater attention in future cell culture-based research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Fehrholz
- University Children’s Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Steffen Kunzmann
- Clinic of Neonatology, Buergerhospital Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Zhang L, Wang Y, Pandupuspitasari NS, Wu G, Xiang X, Gong Q, Xiong W, Wang CY, Yang P, Ren B. Endoplasmic reticulum stress, a new wrestler, in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:722-735. [PMID: 28337301 PMCID: PMC5340708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has attracted extensive attention for its unexplained progressive lung scarring, short median survival and its unresponsiveness to traditional therapies. Despite extensive studies, the mechanisms underlying IPF pathoetiologies, however, remain poorly understood. Recent advances delineated a potential function of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in meeting the need of fibrotic response, which pinpointed a critical role for the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways in IPF pathogenesis. In this review, we highlight the effect of ER stress and the activation of UPR on the survival, differentiation, function and proliferation of major profibrotic cells in lung tissues during the course of IPF, and discuss the feasibility whether targeting UPR components could be an orientation for developing effective therapeutic strategies against this devastating disorder in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & TechnologyWuhan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & TechnologyWuhan, China
| | - Nuruliarizki Shinta Pandupuspitasari
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & TechnologyWuhan, China
| | - Guorao Wu
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & TechnologyWuhan, China
| | - Xudong Xiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Institute of Emergency Medicine and Rare Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, China
| | - Quan Gong
- Clinical and Molecular Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology, Medical College of Yangtze UniversityJingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Weining Xiong
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & TechnologyWuhan, China
| | - Cong-Yi Wang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & TechnologyWuhan, China
| | - Ping Yang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & TechnologyWuhan, China
| | - Boxu Ren
- Clinical and Molecular Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology, Medical College of Yangtze UniversityJingzhou, Hubei, China
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Antifibrotic properties of receptor for advanced glycation end products in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2015; 35:34-41. [PMID: 26545872 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive chronic interstitial lung disease with poor survival. Previous reports suggested the contributory effect of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) to the pathogenesis of IPF. But the findings are controversial. The present in vivo study with RAGE null mice, we further confirmed the evidence that lack of RAGE evolves worse bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis compared with control mice. Moreover, RAGE null mice spontaneously developed similar pathogenesis of lung fibrosis via immunohistochemical staining. In addition, we investigated the negative roles of RAGE on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) indicated by elevated α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen-I (Col-I) deposition in A549 cell treated with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), all of which were blocked by sRAGE, a decoy receptor. Furthermore, interacting with the specific ligand as AGE, RAGE blocked TGF-β-induced activation of Smad2, ERK and JNK signals in A549 cells, which were also challenged by sRAGE administration. This present study confirmed an important role of RAGE in vivo and vitro models of pulmonary fibrosis and suggested the therapeutic possibility for pulmonary fibrosis via RAGE regulation.
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Silva DMG, Nardiello C, Pozarska A, Morty RE. Recent advances in the mechanisms of lung alveolarization and the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L1239-72. [PMID: 26361876 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00268.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolarization is the process by which the alveoli, the principal gas exchange units of the lung, are formed. Along with the maturation of the pulmonary vasculature, alveolarization is the objective of late lung development. The terminal airspaces that were formed during early lung development are divided by the process of secondary septation, progressively generating an increasing number of alveoli that are of smaller size, which substantially increases the surface area over which gas exchange can take place. Disturbances to alveolarization occur in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), which can be complicated by perturbations to the pulmonary vasculature that are associated with the development of pulmonary hypertension. Disturbances to lung development may also occur in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn in term newborn infants, as well as in patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. These disturbances can lead to the formation of lungs with fewer and larger alveoli and a dysmorphic pulmonary vasculature. Consequently, affected lungs exhibit a reduced capacity for gas exchange, with important implications for morbidity and mortality in the immediate postnatal period and respiratory health consequences that may persist into adulthood. It is the objective of this Perspectives article to update the reader about recent developments in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of alveolarization and the pathogenesis of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo M G Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany; Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Claudio Nardiello
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany; Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Pozarska
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany; Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Rory E Morty
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany; Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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