1
|
Wannous H. Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in Syrian children: clinicopathological spectrum, treatment, and outcomes. Pediatr Nephrol 2024; 39:2413-2422. [PMID: 38587559 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-024-06333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is the most common glomerular disease in children. We performed this study to report histopathological findings, the correlation between clinical and histopathological features, and the response to steroids and other immunosuppressive drugs and outcomes in Syrian children with INS. METHODS A single-center retrospective observational cohort study was conducted at Children's University Hospital in Damascus, and included all patients aged 1-14 years, admitted from January 2013 to December 2022, with INS and who underwent kidney biopsy. RESULTS The study included 109 patients, with a male/female ratio of 1.13:1, and a median age of 5 years with interquartile range (2.8-10). The main indication of kidney biopsy was steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) (57.8%). The main histopathological patterns were minimal change disease (MCD) (45%) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) (37.6%). FSGS was the most common histopathological pattern in SRNS (44.3%). In SRNS, we used calcineurin inhibitors to induce remission. Tacrolimus was used in 49 patients with response rate (complete remission of proteinuria) of 69.4% and cyclosporine in 20 patients with response rate of 50%. In steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS), we used mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and cyclophosphamide to prevent relapses; MMF was used in 9 patients with response rate (maintaining sustained remission) of 89% and cyclophosphamide in 3 patients with response rate of 66.7%. Rituximab was used in four patients with FSGS, two SRNS patients and two SDNS patients, with sustained remission rate of 100%. Fifteen patients (13.7%) progressed to chronic kidney disease stage 5. Of them, 7 patients had FSGS and 8 patients had focal and global glomerulosclerosis;14 of them were steroid-resistant and one patient was steroid-dependent with persistent relapses. The most common outcome was sustained remission (47%) in MCD and frequent relapses (31.7%) in FSGS. CONCLUSIONS FSGS was the most common histopathological pattern in idiopathic SRNS and had the worst prognosis. Calcineurin inhibitors could be an effective therapy to induce complete remission in SRNS. Rituximab may be an effective treatment to achieve sustained remission in SDNS and frequently relapsing NS and may have a potential role in SRNS with further studies required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hala Wannous
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hemodialysis, and Kidney Transplantation, Children's University Hospital, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Carboni J, Thomas E, Gipson DS, Brady TM, Srivastava T, Selewski DT, Greenbaum LA, Wang CS, Dell KM, Kaskel F, Massengill S, Reidy K, Tran CL, Trachtman H, Lafayette R, Almaani S, Hingorani S, Gbadegesin R, Gibson KL, Sethna CB. Longitudinal analysis of blood pressure and lipids in childhood nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 2024; 39:2161-2170. [PMID: 38319465 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-024-06301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the current study, longitudinal BP and lipid measurements were examined in a NEPTUNE cohort of children with newly diagnosed nephrotic syndrome (cNEPTUNE). We hypothesized that hypertensive BP and dyslipidemia would persist in children with nephrotic syndrome, regardless of steroid treatment response. METHODS A multi-center longitudinal observational analysis of data obtained from children < 19 years of age with new onset nephrotic syndrome enrolled in the Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network (cNEPTUNE) was conducted. BP and lipid data were examined over time stratified by disease activity and steroid exposure. Generalized estimating equation regressions were used to find determinants of hypertensive BP and dyslipidemia. RESULTS Among 122 children, the prevalence of hypertensive BP at any visit ranged from 17.4% to 57.4%, while dyslipidemia prevalence ranged from 40.0% to 96.2% over a median of 30 months of follow-up. Hypertensive BP was found in 46.2% (116/251) of study visits during active disease compared with 31.0% (84/271) of visits while in remission. Dyslipidemia was present in 88.2% (120/136) of study visits during active disease and in 66.0% (101/153) while in remission. Neither dyslipidemia nor hypertensive BP were significantly different with/without medication exposure (steroids and/or CNI). In regression analysis, male sex and urine protein:creatinine ratio (UPC) were significant determinants of hypertensive BP over time, while eGFR was found to be a determinant of dyslipidemia over time. CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrate persistent hypertensive BPs and unfavorable lipid profiles in the cNEPTUNE cohort regardless of remission status or concurrent steroid or calcineurin inhibitor treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johnathon Carboni
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center of NY, New Hyde Park, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Thomas
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Dell Children's Medical Center, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Debbie S Gipson
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tammy M Brady
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tarak Srivastava
- Section of Nephrology, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - David T Selewski
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Larry A Greenbaum
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chia-Shi Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Katherine M Dell
- Center for Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Cleveland Clinic Children's, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Frederick Kaskel
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Susan Massengill
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Levine Children's Hospital, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Kimberly Reidy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Cheryl L Tran
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Howard Trachtman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Richard Lafayette
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Salem Almaani
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sangeeta Hingorani
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rasheed Gbadegesin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Keisha L Gibson
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, UNC Kidney Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christine B Sethna
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center of NY, New Hyde Park, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Krishna GM, Dabas A, Mantan M, Kumar M A, Goswami B. Adrenocortical suppression in children with nephrotic syndrome treated with corticosteroids. Pediatr Nephrol 2024; 39:1817-1824. [PMID: 38253887 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-024-06294-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with nephrotic syndrome are exposed to alternate day steroids for prolonged periods and this poses the need for evaluation of adrenocortical suppression using the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test. METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled children (2-18 years) both with steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) (n = 27) and steroid resistant (SRNS) (n = 25); those on daily prednisolone or having serious bacterial infections or hospitalized were excluded. The primary objective was to determine prevalence of adrenocortical suppression in those on low dose alternate day steroids for more than 8 weeks or having received > 2 mg/kg/d for > 2 weeks in the past 1 year and currently in remission. A baseline morning fasting sample of serum cortisol was taken and 25 IU of ACTH (Acton Prolongatum*) injected intramuscularly and repeat serum cortisol sample taken after 1 h. All patients with 1 h post ACTH cortisol < 18.0 µgm/dl were diagnosed with adrenal insufficiency. Receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn to predict the prednisolone dose for adrenal insufficiency. RESULTS Fifty-two (33 males) children were enrolled (mean age 9.4 years); proportion of adrenal insufficiency was 50% and 64% using baseline and post stimulation cutoffs. The total cumulative annual dose of prednisolone 0.22 mg/kg/day predicted adrenocortical suppression with AUC 0.76 (95% CI 0.63-0.89), with sensitivity of 63.9% and specificity of 81.3%. CONCLUSIONS A significant proportion of children with nephrotic syndrome were detected with adrenal insufficiency on ACTH stimulation test. A cumulative steroid intake of > 0.22 mg/kg/day on an alternate day basis emerged as a risk factor for predicting adrenocortical suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh M Krishna
- Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Aashima Dabas
- Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Mukta Mantan
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India.
| | - Akshay Kumar M
- Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Binita Goswami
- Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Takemasa Y, Fujinaga S, Nakagawa M, Sakuraya K, Hirano D. Adult survivors of childhood-onset steroid-dependent and steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome treated with cyclosporine: a long-term single-center experience. Pediatr Nephrol 2024; 39:473-482. [PMID: 37608237 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-06108-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although evidence has confirmed that cyclosporine (CS) is efficacious against childhood-onset steroid-dependent and steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SD/SRNS), some patients may continue to relapse during adulthood. However, predictive factors for adult active disease and kidney complications, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hypertension, in this cohort remain unknown. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study on the long-term outcomes of 81 young adults with childhood-onset SD/SRNS treated with CS. The primary endpoint was the probability of active disease into adulthood. The secondary endpoint was the probability of developing kidney complications. RESULTS At the last follow-up (median age, 23.2 years; median disease duration, 15.8 years), 44 adult patients (54%) continued to have active disease, whereas 16 patients developed CKD or hypertension, respectively. The proportion of patients developing kidney complications was similar between the active disease and long-term remission groups. Young age at NS onset and history of relapse during the initial CS (median, 31 months) were independent predictive factors for active disease. Acute kidney injury at NS onset, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and irreversible CS nephrotoxicity were identified as risk factors for the development of CKD, whereas older age was identified as a risk factor for the development of CKD and hypertension. CONCLUSIONS More than 50% of adult survivors treated with CS continued to have active disease, and each 20% developed CKD or hypertension. A long-term follow-up is necessary for patients with SD/SRNS to identify the development of kidney complications later in adulthood that can be attributed to prior disease and CS treatment in childhood, irrespective of disease activity. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Takemasa
- Division of Nephrology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, 1-2 Shintoshin, Chuo-Ku, Saitama City, Saitama, 330-8777, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Fujinaga
- Division of Nephrology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, 1-2 Shintoshin, Chuo-Ku, Saitama City, Saitama, 330-8777, Japan.
| | - Mayu Nakagawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Sakuraya
- Division of Nephrology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, 1-2 Shintoshin, Chuo-Ku, Saitama City, Saitama, 330-8777, Japan
| | - Daishi Hirano
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vivarelli M, Gibson K, Sinha A, Boyer O. Childhood nephrotic syndrome. Lancet 2023; 402:809-824. [PMID: 37659779 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is the most common glomerular disease in children. Corticosteroids are the cornerstone of its treatment, and steroid response is the main prognostic factor. Most children respond to a cycle of oral steroids, and are defined as having steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome. Among the children who do not respond, defined as having steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, most respond to second-line immunosuppression, mainly with calcineurin inhibitors, and children in whom a response is not observed are described as multidrug resistant. The pathophysiology of nephrotic syndrome remains elusive. In cases of immune-mediated origin, dysregulation of immune cells and production of circulating factors that damage the glomerular filtration barrier have been described. Conversely, up to a third of cases of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome have a monogenic origin. Multidrug resistant nephrotic syndrome often leads to kidney failure and can cause relapse after kidney transplant. Although steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome does not affect renal function, most children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome have a relapsing course that requires repeated steroid cycles with significant side-effects. To minimise morbidity, some patients require steroid-sparing immunosuppressive agents, including levamisole, mycophenolate mofetil, calcineurin inhibitors, anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, and cyclophosphamide. Close monitoring and preventive measures are warranted at onset and during relapse to prevent acute complications (eg, hypovolaemia, acute kidney injury, infections, and thrombosis), whereas long-term management requires minimising treatment-related side-effects. A subset of patients have active disease into adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Vivarelli
- Division of Nephrology, Laboratory of Nephrology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Keisha Gibson
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of North Carolina Kidney Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Aditi Sinha
- Division of Nephrology, Indian Council of Medical Research Center for Advanced Research in Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Olivia Boyer
- Néphrologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rénales Héréditaires de l'Enfant et de l'Adulte, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Inserm U1163, Institut Imagine, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Barry A, McNulty MT, Jia X, Gupta Y, Debiec H, Luo Y, Nagano C, Horinouchi T, Jung S, Colucci M, Ahram DF, Mitrotti A, Sinha A, Teeninga N, Jin G, Shril S, Caridi G, Bodria M, Lim TY, Westland R, Zanoni F, Marasa M, Turudic D, Giordano M, Gesualdo L, Magistroni R, Pisani I, Fiaccadori E, Reiterova J, Maringhini S, Morello W, Montini G, Weng PL, Scolari F, Saraga M, Tasic V, Santoro D, van Wijk JAE, Milošević D, Kawai Y, Kiryluk K, Pollak MR, Gharavi A, Lin F, Simœs E Silva AC, Loos RJF, Kenny EE, Schreuder MF, Zurowska A, Dossier C, Ariceta G, Drozynska-Duklas M, Hogan J, Jankauskiene A, Hildebrandt F, Prikhodina L, Song K, Bagga A, Cheong H, Ghiggeri GM, Vachvanichsanong P, Nozu K, Lee D, Vivarelli M, Raychaudhuri S, Tokunaga K, Sanna-Cherchi S, Ronco P, Iijima K, Sampson MG. Multi-population genome-wide association study implicates immune and non-immune factors in pediatric steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2481. [PMID: 37120605 PMCID: PMC10148875 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37985-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (pSSNS) is the most common childhood glomerular disease. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified a risk locus in the HLA Class II region and three additional independent risk loci. But the genetic architecture of pSSNS, and its genetically driven pathobiology, is largely unknown. Here, we conduct a multi-population GWAS meta-analysis in 38,463 participants (2440 cases). We then conduct conditional analyses and population specific GWAS. We discover twelve significant associations-eight from the multi-population meta-analysis (four novel), two from the multi-population conditional analysis (one novel), and two additional novel loci from the European meta-analysis. Fine-mapping implicates specific amino acid haplotypes in HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 driving the HLA Class II risk locus. Non-HLA loci colocalize with eQTLs of monocytes and numerous T-cell subsets in independent datasets. Colocalization with kidney eQTLs is lacking but overlap with kidney cell open chromatin suggests an uncharacterized disease mechanism in kidney cells. A polygenic risk score (PRS) associates with earlier disease onset. Altogether, these discoveries expand our knowledge of pSSNS genetic architecture across populations and provide cell-specific insights into its molecular drivers. Evaluating these associations in additional cohorts will refine our understanding of population specificity, heterogeneity, and clinical and molecular associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Barry
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Kidney Disease Initiative & Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michelle T McNulty
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Kidney Disease Initiative & Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Jia
- Genome Medical Science Project (Toyama), National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yask Gupta
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hanna Debiec
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Paris 06, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherde Médicale, Unité Mixte de Rechereche, S 1155, Paris, France
| | - Yang Luo
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Divisions of Genetics and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - China Nagano
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Kidney Disease Initiative & Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomoko Horinouchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Seulgi Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Manuela Colucci
- Renal Diseases Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Dina F Ahram
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adele Mitrotti
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Aditi Sinha
- Department of Pediatrics, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Nynke Teeninga
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gina Jin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shirlee Shril
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gianluca Caridi
- Laboratory on Molecular Nephrology, IRCCS Instituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Monica Bodria
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, IRCCS Instituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Tze Y Lim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rik Westland
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Francesca Zanoni
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maddalena Marasa
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Turudic
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Clinical Hospital Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Giordano
- Division of Nephrology and Pediatric Dialysis, Bari Polyclinic Giovanni XXIII Children's Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Riccardo Magistroni
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
- Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences, Section of Nephrology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Isabella Pisani
- Unità Operativa Nefrologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Enrico Fiaccadori
- Unità Operativa Nefrologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Jana Reiterova
- Department of Nephrology, Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - William Morello
- Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Montini
- Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Patricia L Weng
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, UCLA Medical Center and UCLA Medical Center-Santa Monica, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Francesco Scolari
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marijan Saraga
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Velibor Tasic
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Children's Hospital, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Domenica Santoro
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, University of Messina, Sicily, Italy
| | - Joanna A E van Wijk
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danko Milošević
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Clinical Hospital Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Academy of Medical Sciences, Praska 2/III p.p. 27, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Yosuke Kawai
- Genome Medical Science Project (Toyama), National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Krzysztof Kiryluk
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin R Pollak
- Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital in New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ali Gharavi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fangmin Lin
- Department of Pediatric, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital in New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ana Cristina Simœs E Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eimear E Kenny
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michiel F Schreuder
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Aleksandra Zurowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Claire Dossier
- AP-HP, Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Robert-Debré, Paris, France
| | - Gema Ariceta
- Pediatric Nephrology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Julien Hogan
- AP-HP, Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Robert-Debré, Paris, France
| | - Augustina Jankauskiene
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Larisa Prikhodina
- Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Taldomskava St, 2, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kyuyoung Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Arvind Bagga
- Department of Pediatrics, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Hae Cheong
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, 22, Gwanpyeong-ro 170 beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14068, Korea
| | - Gian Marco Ghiggeri
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, IRCCS Instituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Prayong Vachvanichsanong
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Kandai Nozu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Dongwon Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Kidney Disease Initiative & Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marina Vivarelli
- Division of Nephrology, and Dialysis, Department of Pediatric Subspecialities, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Divisions of Genetics and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Katsushi Tokunaga
- Genome Medical Science Project (Toyama), National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Simone Sanna-Cherchi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pierre Ronco
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Paris 06, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherde Médicale, Unité Mixte de Rechereche, S 1155, Paris, France
- Department of Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier du Mans, Le Mans, France
| | - Kazumoto Iijima
- Hyogo Prefectural Kobe Children's Hospital, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Advanced Pediatric Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Matthew G Sampson
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Kidney Disease Initiative & Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bharati J, Tiewsoh K, Dawman L, Singh T, Gorsi U, Rajarajen AP, Sharma A, Chanchlani R, Ramachandran R, Kohli HS. Long-term complications in patients with childhood-onset nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 2023; 38:1107-1113. [PMID: 35943575 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-022-05693-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reports on long-term complications of childhood-onset nephrotic syndrome (NS), such as obesity, osteoporosis, growth failure, and hypertension, are mostly from developed countries not representing South Asian ethnicities. Furthermore, data on cardiovascular health among patients with childhood-onset NS are limited. METHODS This was an observational study involving patients attending a tertiary care center. Patients aged 15 years and older were examined for long-term complications and remission of NS at their visit in December 2021. Childhood-onset NS meant onset of NS before 10 years of age. Long-term complications included obesity, growth failure, low bone mineral density (BMD) Z score, hypertension, and increased carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). Long-term remission was defined as no relapse for the last [Formula: see text] 3 consecutive years without immunosuppressive medication to maintain remission. RESULTS Of 101 patients studied (~ 80% with frequent relapsing (FR)/steroid-dependent (SD) NS), the mean age was 17.6 (± 2.4) years at the time of study. Long-term complications were noted in 89.1% of patients which included one or more of the following: obesity (22.7%), growth failure (31.7%), low BMD Z score (53.5%), hypertension (31.7%), and high cIMT (50.5%). Thirty-nine patients (38.6%) were in long-term remission at the time of the study. Growth failure and low BMD Z scores were less frequent in patients with long-term remission compared to those without long-term remission. CONCLUSIONS In patients with childhood-onset NS (predominantly FR/SDNS) who were studied at [Formula: see text] 15 years of age, ~ 90% had long-term complications which included high cIMT in 50%. Only ~ 40% were in long-term remission. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joyita Bharati
- Department of Nephrology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Karalanglin Tiewsoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Lesa Dawman
- Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Tarvinder Singh
- Department of Radiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ujjwal Gorsi
- Department of Radiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arun Prabhahar Rajarajen
- Department of Nephrology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Aakanksha Sharma
- Department of Nephrology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rahul Chanchlani
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Raja Ramachandran
- Department of Nephrology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Harbir Singh Kohli
- Department of Nephrology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shigley C, Ibrahim Z, Kosinski LR, Cruz AI. Atraumatic Displaced Femoral Neck Insufficiency Fracture Because of Severe Hypocalcemia in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report. JBJS Case Connect 2022; 12:01709767-202212000-00015. [PMID: 36820612 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.cc.22.00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
CASE This is a case of a 14-year-old autistic boy who presented with an atraumatic transcervical femoral neck fracture in the setting of significant hypocalcemia and vitamin D deficiency. We discuss his surgical and medical management and metabolic derangements associated with atraumatic femoral neck fractures. CONCLUSION Pediatric femoral neck fractures in the absence of trauma are uncommon and often have underlying metabolic abnormalities. In addition, autism poses unique challenges in caring for these patients who are at an increased risk of complications. Interdisciplinary care is integral to achieving successful outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zainab Ibrahim
- Division of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Lindsay R Kosinski
- Division of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Aristides I Cruz
- Division of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kalyesubula R, Conroy AL, Calice-Silva V, Kumar V, Onu U, Batte A, Kaze FF, Fabian J, Ulasi I. Screening for Kidney Disease in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Semin Nephrol 2022; 42:151315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2023.151315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
|
10
|
[Clinical assessment of moderate-dose glucocorticoid in the treatment of recurrence of primary nephrotic syndrome in children: a prospective randomized controlled trial]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2022; 24:466-471. [PMID: 35644185 PMCID: PMC9154369 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2111133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the clinical effect and adverse drug reactions of different doses of glucocorticoid (GC) in the treatment of children with recurrence of steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS). METHODS A total of 67 children who were hospitalized and diagnosed with SSNS recurrence in the Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, from November 2017 to December 2019 were enrolled. They were randomly divided into a moderate-dose GC group (32 children) and a full-dose GC group (35 children). The two groups were compared in terms of urinary protein clearance, recurrence rate within 6 months, and incidence rate of GC-associated adverse reactions. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the urinary protein clearance rate between the moderate-dose GC and full-dose GC groups (91% vs 94%, P>0.05). There was also no significant difference in the recurrence rate within 6 months between the two groups (41% vs 36%, P>0.05). At 6 months of follow-up, compared with the full-dose GC group, the moderate-dose GC group had a significantly lower cumulative dose of prednisone [(87±18) mg/kg vs (98±16) mg/kg, P=0.039] and a significantly lower proportion of children with an abnormal increase in body weight (6% vs 33%, P=0.045). The logistic regression analysis showed that prednisone dose ≥10 mg/alternate day at enrollment was a risk factor for recurrence within 6 months in children with SSNS (P=0.018). CONCLUSIONS For children with SSNS recurrence, moderate-dose GC has similar effects to full-dose GC in the remission induction rate and the recurrence rate within 6 months, with a lower cumulative dose and fewer GC-associated adverse reactions within 6 months than full-dose GC.
Collapse
|
11
|
Dandapani MC, Venkatesan V, Charmine P, Geminiganesan S, Ekambaram S. Differential urinary microRNA expression analysis of miR-1, miR-215, miR-335, let-7a in childhood nephrotic syndrome. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:6591-6600. [PMID: 35553329 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07500-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, urinary exosomal miRNAs are gaining increasing attention as their expression profiles are often associated with specific diseases and they exhibit great potential as noninvasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of various diseases. The present study was aimed to evaluate the expression status of selected miRNAs (miR-1, miR-215-5p, miR-335-5p and let-7a-5p) in urine samples from children with NS [steroid sensitive (SSNS)] and [steroid resistant (SRNS)] along with healthy control group. METHODS MicroRNA isolation was carried out in urine samples collected from SSNS (100 nos), SRNS (100 nos), and healthy controls (50 nos) using MiRNeasy Mini Kit, followed by cDNA conversion for all the four selected miRNAs using Taqman advanced miRNA cDNA synthesis kit and their expression was quantified by Taqman Advanced miRNA assay kits using Real Time PCR Machine and Rotogen-Q in SSNS and SRNS patients and healthy control subjects. RESULTS Quantification of all the four miRNAs (miR-1, mir-215, miR-335, let-7a) were found to be upregulated in both SSNS and SRNS as compared to control group. Further, the comparison of microRNAs within the case groups revealed significant downregulation of three microRNAs-miR-1, miR-215, miR- 335 and upregulation of let-7a in SRNS group as compared to SSNS. The t-test performed for all the four miRNAs was found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The aberrant expression of all the four microRNAs in both SSNS and SRNS as compared to healthy subjects may serve as novel biomarkers to distinguish between NS and healthy controls. The differential expression of microRNA let-7a is useful to discriminate SSNS and SRNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohanapriya Chinambedu Dandapani
- Central Research Facility, Faculty of Clinical Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, No.1 Ramachandra Nagar, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 116, India.
| | - Vettriselvi Venkatesan
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, 600 116, India
| | - Pricilla Charmine
- Central Research Facility, Faculty of Clinical Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, No.1 Ramachandra Nagar, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 116, India
| | - Sangeetha Geminiganesan
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, 600 116, India
| | - Sudha Ekambaram
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Dr. Mehta's Hospital, Chetpet, Chennai, 600031, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chan CY, Teo S, Lu L, Chan YH, Lau PYW, Than M, Jordan SC, Lam KP, Ng KH, Yap HK. Low regulatory T-cells: A distinct immunological subgroup in minimal change nephrotic syndrome with early relapse following rituximab therapy. Transl Res 2021; 235:48-61. [PMID: 33812063 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Rituximab is an important second line therapy in difficult nephrotic syndrome (NS), especially given toxicity of long-term glucocorticoid or calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) use. However, clinical response to rituximab is heterogenous. We hypothesized that this was underpinned by immunological differences amongst patients with NS. We recruited a cohort of 18 subjects with glucocorticoid-dependent or glucocorticoid-resistant childhood-onset minimal change NS who received rituximab either due to CNI nephrotoxicity, or due to persistent glucocorticoid toxicity with inadequate response to cyclophosphamide or CNIs. Immunological subsets, T-cell activation assays and plasma cytokines were measured at baseline and 6-months post-rituximab. Time to relapse was bifurcated: 56% relapsed within one year ("early relapse"), while the other 44% entered remission mainly lasting ≥3 years ("sustained remission"). At baseline, early relapse compared to sustained remission group had lower regulatory T-cells (Tregs) [2.94 (2.25, 3.33)% vs 6.48 (5.08, 7.24)%, P<0.001], PMA-stimulated IL-2 [0.03 (0, 1.85)% vs 4.78 (0.90, 9.18)%, P=0.014] and IFNγ [2.22 (0.18, 6.89)% vs 9.47 (2.72, 17.0)%, P=0.035] levels. Lower baseline Treg strongly predicted early relapse (ROC-AUC 0.99, 95% CI 0.97-1.00, P<0.001). There were no differences in baseline plasma cytokine levels. Following rituximab, there was significant downregulation of Th2 cytokines in sustained remission group (P=0.038). In particular, IL-13 showed a significant decrease in sustained remission group [-0.56 (-0.64, -0.35)pg/ml, P=0.007)], but not in the early relapse group. In conclusion, early relapse following rituximab is associated with baseline reductions in Treg and T-cell hyporesponsiveness, which suggest chronic T-cell activation and may be useful predictive biomarkers. Sustained remission, on the other hand, is associated with downregulation of Th2 cytokines following rituximab.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yien Chan
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Sharon Teo
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Liangjian Lu
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Yiong-Huak Chan
- Biostatistics Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Perry Yew-Weng Lau
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Mya Than
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
| | | | - Kong-Peng Lam
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kar-Hui Ng
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Hui-Kim Yap
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hariharan R, Krishnamurthy S, Kaliaperumal S, Karunakar P, Deepthi B. Incidence and predictive risk factors for ophthalmological complications in children with nephrotic syndrome receiving long-term oral corticosteroids: a cohort study. Paediatr Int Child Health 2021; 41:199-205. [PMID: 34711131 DOI: 10.1080/20469047.2021.1983315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a paucity of data from India on ophthalmological complications in children on long-term oral corticosteroids for idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. METHODS All children aged 4-18 years with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome who had received long-term oral steroids for >6 months and who attended the paediatric nephrology clinic between January 2019 and January 2021 were included. The majority of them (95/110) were being followed up in the paediatric nephrology clinic which was functioning from 2010. The children were screened for ophthalmological complications at 6-month intervals. RESULTS Overall, 110 children with nephrotic syndrome were enrolled. Their median (IQR) age was 9.4 (7.0-12.8) years, and the median (range) duration of follow-up following onset of nephrotic syndrome was 5 years (1.0-16). The incidence of cataract was 18.1% (20 of 110 cases). Visual acuity was impaired in seven (35%) of the children with cataract. Children with cataract were younger as compared to those without cataract [Median (IQR) age at onset of nephrotic syndrome [2.5 (2.0-4.0) yrs vs 4 (2.1-6.0) yrs] (p=0.03)]. Children with cataract also had higher cumulative dose of prednisolone intake (mg/m2) [28,669 (21,329-33,500) vs 14,995 (10,492-19,687)] (p<0.01)] and greater cumulative duration of prednisolone intake [4.3 (3.1-5.2) vs 2.25 (1.3-3.7) yrs] (p<0.01). The incidence of raised IOP was 9.1% (10 of 110 cases). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of cataract and raised IOP was high. The risk factors for the development of cataract were age at onset of nephrotic syndrome, cumulative dose and cumulative duration of steroid intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raja Hariharan
- Departments of Paediatrics and Ophthalmology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India
| | - Sriram Krishnamurthy
- Departments of Paediatrics and Ophthalmology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India
| | - Subashini Kaliaperumal
- Departments of Paediatrics and Ophthalmology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India
| | - Pediredla Karunakar
- Departments of Paediatrics and Ophthalmology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India
| | - Bobbity Deepthi
- Departments of Paediatrics and Ophthalmology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dhandapani MC, Venkatesan V, Pricilla C. MicroRNAs in childhood nephrotic syndrome. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7186-7210. [PMID: 33819345 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) has opened up new avenues of research to understand the molecular basis of a number of diseases. Because of their conservative feature in evolution and important role in the physiological function, microRNAs could be treated as predictors for disease classification and clinical process based on the specific expression. The identification of novel miRNAs and their target genes can be considered as potential targets for novel drugs. Furthermore, currently, the circulatory and urinary exosomal miRNAs are gaining increasing attention as their expression profiles are often associated with specific diseases, and they exhibit great potential as noninvasive or minimally invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of various diseases. The remarkable stability of these extracellular miRNAs circulating in the blood or excreted in the urine underscored their key importance as biomarkers of certain diseases. There is voluminous literature concerning the role of microRNAs in other diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetic nephropathy, and so forth. However, little is known about their diagnostic ability for the pediatric nephrotic syndrome (NS). The present review article highlights the recent advances in the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis and molecular basis of NS with an aim to bring new insights into further research applications for the development of new therapeutic agents for NS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohanapriya C Dhandapani
- Department of Central Research Facility, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Vettriselvi Venkatesan
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Charmine Pricilla
- Department of Central Research Facility, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sinha A, Bagga A, Banerjee S, Mishra K, Mehta A, Agarwal I, Uthup S, Saha A, Mishra OP. Steroid Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome: Revised Guidelines. Indian Pediatr 2021. [PMID: 33742610 PMCID: PMC8139225 DOI: 10.1007/s13312-021-2217-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Justification Steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) is one of the most common chronic kidney diseases in children. These guidelines update the existing Indian Society of Pediatric Nephrology recommendations on its management. Objective To frame revised guidelines on diagnosis, evaluation, management and supportive care of patients with the illness. Process The guidelines combine evidence-based recommendations and expert opinion. Formulation of key questions was followed by review of literature and evaluation of evidence by experts in two face-to-face meetings. Recommendations The initial statements provide advice for evaluation at onset and follow up and indications for kidney biopsy. Subsequent statements provide recommendations for management of the first episode of illness and of disease relapses. Recommendations on the use of immunosuppressive strategies in patients with frequent relapses and steroid dependence are accompanied by suggestions for step-wise approach and plan of monitoring. Guidance is also provided regarding the management of common complications including edema, hypovolemia and serious infections. Advice on immunization and transition of care is given. The revised guideline is intended to improve the management and outcomes of patients with SSNS, and provide directions for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sinha
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Arvind Bagga
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. Correspondence to: Dr. Arvind Bagga, Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | | | - Kirtisudha Mishra
- Department of Pediatrics, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, Delhi, India
| | - Amarjeet Mehta
- Department of Pediatrics, Sawai Man Singh Medical College, Jaipur, India
| | - Indira Agarwal
- Department of Pediatrics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Susan Uthup
- Department of Pediatrics, Trivandrum Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Abhijeet Saha
- Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Om Prakash Mishra
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Benaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Thy PAL, Tran KH, Thi TYH, Thi MPP, Nguyen HS. The value of urinary soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) in children with nephrotic syndrome. AIMS MEDICAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3934/medsci.2021015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
17
|
Hamasaki Y, Hamada R, Muramatsu M, Matsumoto S, Aya K, Ishikura K, Kaneko T, Iijima K. A cross-sectional nationwide survey of congenital and infantile nephrotic syndrome in Japan. BMC Nephrol 2020; 21:363. [PMID: 32838745 PMCID: PMC7446144 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-02010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) and infantile nephrotic syndrome (INS) cause substantial morbidity and mortality. In Japan, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the characteristics of CNS and INS. This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of CNS and INS in Japan. METHODS This cross-sectional nationwide survey obtained data from 44 institutions in Japan managing 92 patients with CNS or INS, by means of two survey questionnaires sent by postal mail. Patients aged < 16 years by 1 April 2015, with a diagnosis of CNS or INS, were included in this study. The primary outcome was end-stage kidney disease. RESULTS A total of 83 patients with CNS or INS were analyzed. The most frequent disease type was non-Finnish (60.2%); 33 patients (39.8%) had Finnish type. Among those with non-Finnish-type disease, 26 had no syndrome and 24 had a syndrome, of which the most frequent was Denys-Drash syndrome (70.8%). Patients with non-Finnish-type disease with syndrome showed the earliest progression to end-stage kidney disease compared with the other two groups, whereas patients with non-Finnish-type disease without syndrome progressed more slowly compared with the other two groups. In the Finnish-type group, the disease was diagnosed the earliest; a large placenta was reported more frequently; genetic testing was more frequently performed (93.8%); mental retardation was the most frequent extra-renal symptom (21.2%); and thrombosis and infection were more frequent compared with the other groups. Patients with non-Finnish-type disease with syndrome had a higher frequency of positive extra-renal symptoms (79.2%), the most common being urogenital symptoms (54.2%). Treatment with steroids and immunosuppressants was more frequent among patients with non-Finnish-type disease without syndrome. Two patients with non-Finnish-type disease without syndrome achieved complete remission. In all groups, unilateral nephrectomy was performed more often than bilateral nephrectomy and peritoneal dialysis was the most common renal replacement therapy. CONCLUSIONS The present epidemiological survey sheds light on the characteristics of children with CNS and INS in Japan. A high proportion of patients underwent genetic examination, and patient management was in accord with current treatment recommendations and practices. TRIAL REGISTRATION Not applicable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Hamasaki
- Department of Nephrology, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori-Nishi, Ota-Ku, Tokyo, 143-8541 Japan
| | - Riku Hamada
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children’s Medical Center, 2-8-29 Musashidai, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8561 Japan
| | - Masaki Muramatsu
- Department of Nephrology, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori-Nishi, Ota-Ku, Tokyo, 143-8541 Japan
| | - Shinsuke Matsumoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Matsudo City General Hospital, 993-1, Sendabori, Matsudo, Chiba, 270-2296 Japan
| | - Kunihiko Aya
- Department of Pediatrics, Kurashiki Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Miwa, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-8602 Japan
| | - Kenji Ishikura
- Department of Pediatrics, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0375 Japan
| | - Tetsuji Kaneko
- Division of Clinical Research Support Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Children’s Medical Center, 2-8-29 Musashidai, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8561 Japan
- Teikyo Academic Research Center, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-8606 Japan
| | - Kazumoto Iijima
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Depa J, Coritsidis G. Recurrence of Minimal Change Disease Following a Motor Vehicle Trauma: An Atypical Cause and Review of Literature. JOURNAL OF TRAUMA AND INJURY 2019. [DOI: 10.20408/jti.2018.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jayaramakrishna Depa
- Department of Nephrology, Elmhurst Hospital Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Elmhurst, NY, USA
| | - George Coritsidis
- Department of Nephrology, Elmhurst Hospital Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Elmhurst, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Korsgaard T, Andersen RF, Joshi S, Hagstrøm S, Rittig S. Childhood onset steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome continues into adulthood. Pediatr Nephrol 2019; 34:641-648. [PMID: 30426221 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-018-4119-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) has previously been assumed to be a disease of childhood. This has been challenged by few studies reporting that some patients with childhood SSNS may continue to relapse into adulthood. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term outcome of childhood SSNS presenting data from an unselected well-defined cohort of Danish patients. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of the clinical outcome from a population of patients consecutively admitted to the pediatric departments in the central and northern region of Denmark from 1998 to 2015. Patients were followed until August 2017. Data were collected from the patient's medical records. RESULTS Long-term outcome was studied in 39 adult patients with childhood onset SSNS. A total of 31% (12/39) had active disease in adulthood. Univariate analysis showed that more severe forms of SSNS (e.g., steroid dependent/frequent relapsing (SD/FR) nephrotic syndrome) in childhood were associated with active disease in adulthood. Comparing adult patients with SD/FR showed a significantly higher number of relapses/patient/year from late childhood and adolescence in the group with active disease vs. non-active disease (1.06 (95%CI: 0.32-1.81) vs. 0.19 (95%CI: 0.06-0.31, p = 0.005). CONCLUSION In general, one third of all patients with SSNS during childhood continue to have active disease during early adulthood, in particular patients with SD/FR continue to suffer from active disease. The present data illustrates that SSNS is not just a disease of childhood but persists in adulthood in a significant number of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trine Korsgaard
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - René Frydensbjerg Andersen
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Shivani Joshi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Child and Youth Research Laboratory, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Søren Hagstrøm
- Department of Pediatrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Reberbansgade 15, DK-9000, Aalborg, Denmark.,Center for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Bispensgade 37, DK-9800, Hjoerring, Denmark
| | - Søren Rittig
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Batishcheva GA, Zhdanova OA, Nastausheva TL, Chernov YN. Characteristics of adverse side effects of corticosteroid therapy in children with nephrotic syndrome and methods of pharmacological correction. RESEARCH RESULTS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.5.33831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The article discusses the issues of the long-term glucocorticosteroid therapy in children with nephrotic syndrome that results in severe adverse side effects.
Methods: This retrospective study included 89 case reports of patients with nephrotic syndrome, aged 1–18, who received treatment at Voronezh Regional Pediatric Hospital №1 in 1999–2014. The children’s BMI Z-score was calculated from neasured height and weight. The authors considered therapeutical complications revealed through clinical-laboratory and instrumentation examination.
Results and discussion: Long-term administration of glucocorticosteroids in patients with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome caused overweight and obesity. The patients who had received glucocorticosteroids for 6 months prior to the examination were overweight or obese (78%), had reactive pancreatitis (72%), leukemoid reactions (67%), liver damage (50%), Cushing’s syndrome (44%), chronic gastroduodenitis (33%), hyperglycemia (11%), arterial hypertension (6%), or infectious diseases (6%). The children observed during the period of prolonged remission of nephrotic syndrome had neither overweight, nor obesity or growth failure; signs of chronic gastroduodenitis were observed in 15% of the children.
Conclusion: The long-term glucocorticosteroid therapy in children with nephrotic syndrome caused the excess body weight or obesity and gastro-intestinal disorders. So, proton pump inhibitors should be applied simultaneously with glucocorticosteroids to prevent gastro-intestinal disorders.
Collapse
|
21
|
Patnaik SK, Kumar P, Yadav P, Mittal A, Patel S, Yadav MP, Bose T, Kanitkar M. Can microRNA profiles predict corticosteroid responsiveness in childhood nephrotic syndrome? A study protocol. BMJ Paediatr Open 2018; 2:e000319. [PMID: 30555935 PMCID: PMC6267312 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2018-000319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In last few years, several studies have revealed the remarkable stability of extracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) circulating in the blood or excreted in the urine and underscored their key importance as biomarkers of certain diseases. Since miRNA in urinary sediment is relatively stable and easily quantified, it has the potential to be developed as a biomarker for disease diagnosis and monitoring. Identification of serum and urinary levels of certain miRNAs may assist in the diagnosis and assessment of disease activity in patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS). The global expression profile of miRNAs in childhood NS in Indian population remains unknown. Hence, further research is warranted in this area. This study seeks to prospectively evaluate whether a multipronged multiomics approach concentrating on microRNA expression profiles in children with NS vis-a-vis normal healthy children is discriminant enough to predict steroid responsiveness in childhood NS. METHODS AND ANALYSIS In this prospective multicentric cohort study, subjects will be recruited from general paediatric and paediatric nephrology outpatient departments (OPDs) in tertiary care level referral hospitals. Age-matched and sex-matched healthy individuals with normal renal function (as assessed by normal serum creatinine and normal ultrasound of kidneys, ureter and bladder) in 1:1 ratio between study and control groups will be recruited from among the healthy siblings of children presenting to the OPDs. Differential microRNA expression profiles in urine and serum samples of children with steroid-sensitive NS (SSNS) and steroid-resistant NS (SRNS) with healthy children will be compared in a two-phased manner: a biomarker discovery phase involving pooled samples across SSNS, SRNS and healthy siblings analysed in triplicate using next-generation sequencing, slide microarray and quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) arrays covering human miRNome followed by a validation phase with customised qRT-PCR primers based on the concordance in the discovery phase differential expression profiles and bioinformatics analysis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study is funded after dueInstitutional Ethics Committee (IEC) clearance, and results will be available as open access.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Kumar Patnaik
- Department of Pediatrics, Army Hospital Research and Referral, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Army Hospital Research and Referral, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Priya Yadav
- Department of Pediatrics, Army Hospital Research and Referral, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Anubha Mittal
- Department of Pediatrics, Army Hospital Research and Referral, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sakshi Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, Army Hospital Research and Referral, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Mahendra Pal Yadav
- Department of Pediatrics, Army Hospital Research and Referral, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Tathagata Bose
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Madhuri Kanitkar
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Debiec H, Dossier C, Letouzé E, Gillies CE, Vivarelli M, Putler RK, Ars E, Jacqz-Aigrain E, Elie V, Colucci M, Debette S, Amouyel P, Elalaoui SC, Sefiani A, Dubois V, Simon T, Kretzler M, Ballarin J, Emma F, Sampson MG, Deschênes G, Ronco P. Transethnic, Genome-Wide Analysis Reveals Immune-Related Risk Alleles and Phenotypic Correlates in Pediatric Steroid-Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 29:2000-2013. [PMID: 29903748 PMCID: PMC6050942 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017111185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) is a childhood disease with unclear pathophysiology and genetic architecture. We investigated the genomic basis of SSNS in children recruited in Europe and the biopsy-based North American NEPTUNE cohort.Methods We performed three ancestry-matched, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in 273 children with NS (Children Cohort Nephrosis and Virus [NEPHROVIR] cohort: 132 European, 56 African, and 85 Maghrebian) followed by independent replication in 112 European children, transethnic meta-analysis, and conditional analysis. GWAS alleles were used to perform glomerular cis-expression quantitative trait loci studies in 39 children in the NEPTUNE cohort and epidemiologic studies in GWAS and NEPTUNE (97 children) cohorts.Results Transethnic meta-analysis identified one SSNS-associated single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1063348 in the 3' untranslated region of HLA-DQB1 (P=9.3×10-23). Conditional analysis identified two additional independent risk alleles upstream of HLA-DRB1 (rs28366266, P=3.7×10-11) and in the 3' untranslated region of BTNL2 (rs9348883, P=9.4×10-7) within introns of HCG23 and LOC101929163 These three risk alleles were independent of the risk haplotype DRB1*07:01-DQA1*02:01-DQB1*02:02 identified in European patients. Increased burden of risk alleles across independent loci was associated with higher odds of SSNS. Increased burden of risk alleles across independent loci was associated with higher odds of SSNS, with younger age of onset across all cohorts, and with increased odds of complete remission across histologies in NEPTUNE children. rs1063348 associated with decreased glomerular expression of HLA-DRB1, HLA-DRB5, and HLA-DQB1.Conclusions Transethnic GWAS empowered discovery of three independent risk SNPs for pediatric SSNS. Characterization of these SNPs provide an entry for understanding immune dysregulation in NS and introducing a genomically defined classification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Debiec
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Paris 06, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche S 1155, Paris, France
| | | | - Eric Letouzé
- Pediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, CIC1426, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France
| | - Christopher E Gillies
- Pediatric Nephrology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Marina Vivarelli
- Nephrology and Dialysis Department, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosemary K Putler
- Pediatric Nephrology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Elisabet Ars
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Fundació Puigvert, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain
- Pediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, CIC1426, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Valery Elie
- Pediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, CIC1426, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Manuela Colucci
- Nephrology and Dialysis Department, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Stéphanie Debette
- University of Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1219, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- University of Lille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 RID-AGE, Lille, France
| | - Siham C Elalaoui
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institut National d'Hygiène, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Sefiani
- Human Genomic Center, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie Rabat, Université Mohamed V. Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Valérie Dubois
- Etablissement Français du Sang Rhone-Alpes, Lyon, Rhone-Alpes, France
| | - Tabassome Simon
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Unité de Recherche Clinique, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche S1148, Paris, France
| | - Matthias Kretzler
- Department of Internal Medicine and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan;
| | - Jose Ballarin
- Department of Nephrology, Fundación Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesco Emma
- Pediatric Nephrology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Matthew G Sampson
- Pediatric Nephrology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan;
| | - Georges Deschênes
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology and
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1149, Unité de Formation et de Recherche de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; and
| | - Pierre Ronco
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Paris 06, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche S 1155, Paris, France;
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nephrology and Dialysis Department, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Batishcheva GA, Zhdanova OA, Nastausheva TL, Goncharova NY, Chernov YN. New methods to detect early manifestations of adverse side effects of glucocorticosteroids in children. RESEARCH RESULTS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.4.25252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The article focuses on the early manifestations of adverse side effects in children with nephrotic syndrome receiving glucocorticosteroids. The search for criteria of early side effect manifestations is a real challenge nowadays. The authors developed new diagnostic criteria for early detection of pharmacotherapeutical side effects in children with nephrotic syndrome.
Objective: The aim of the study was to develop integral quantitative diagnostic criteria for early detection of side effects of glucocorticosteroids when treating nephrotic syndrome in children.
Materials and Methods: The study included 58 in-patients, aged 1-18. All the children had been thoroughly examined and their parameters had been investigated: height and body mass by calculating Z-scores (WHO ANTHRO Plus) and body mass index (BMI), a biochemical blood test, a full blood count by studying the total number of leukocytes, the percentage of neutrophils and monocytes in peripheral blood, systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
Results and Discussion: The parameters that changed in the patients with nephrotic syndrome taking corticosteroids are referred to as diagnostic criteria. They included leukocytes, neutrophils and monocytes parameters in the full blood count, blood glucose and amylase level, patients’ body mass, BMI, systolic and diastolic arterial pressure. The authors defined the change range of the parameters under study in the children with nephrotic syndrome based on the obtained findings.
Conclusion: The authors conclude that application of the developed indices will make it possible to diagnose early metabolic, cardio-vascular and immunologic changes in patients with nephrotic syndrome taking glucocorticoids and perform their individual pharmacological correction in a timely manner.
Collapse
|
24
|
Starc N, Li M, Algeri M, Conforti A, Tomao L, Pitisci A, Emma F, Montini G, Messa P, Locatelli F, Bernardo ME, Vivarelli M. Phenotypic and functional characterization of mesenchymal stromal cells isolated from pediatric patients with severe idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Cytotherapy 2017; 20:322-334. [PMID: 29291917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is one of the most common renal diseases in the pediatric population; considering the role of the immune system in its pathogenesis, corticosteroids are used as first-line immunosuppressive treatment. Due to its chronic nature and tendency to relapse, a significant proportion of children experience co-morbidity due to prolonged exposure to corticosteroids and concomitant immunosuppression with second-line, steroid-sparing agents. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that represent a key component of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment; given their unique immunoregulatory properties, their clinical use may be exploited as an alternative therapeutic approach in INS treatment. METHODS In view of the possibility of exploiting their immunoregulatory properties, we performed a phenotypical and functional characterization of MSCs isolated from BM of five INS patients (INS-MSCs; median age, 13 years; range, 11-16 years) in comparison with MSCs isolated from eight healthy donors (HD-MSCs). MSCs were expanded ex vivo and then analyzed for their properties. RESULTS Morphology, proliferative capacity, immunophenotype and differentiation potential did not differ between INS-MSCs and HD-MSCs. In an allogeneic setting, INS-MSCs were able to prevent both T- and B-cell proliferation and plasma-cell differentiation. In an in-vitro model of experimental damage to podocytes, co-culture with INS-MSCs appeared to be protective. DISCUSSION Our results demonstrate that INS-MSCs maintain the main biological and functional properties typical of HD-MSCs; these data suggest that MSCs may be used in autologous cellular therapy approaches for INS treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Starc
- Department of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Min Li
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Algeri
- Department of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Conforti
- Department of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Tomao
- Department of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Pitisci
- Department of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Emma
- Department of Pediatric Subspecialties, Division of Nephrology, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Montini
- Pediatric Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Messa
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant, Department of Medicine, Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; Department of Paediatrics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Ester Bernardo
- Department of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Vivarelli
- Department of Pediatric Subspecialties, Division of Nephrology, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Schijvens AM, Dorresteijn EM, Roeleveld N, Ter Heine R, van Wijk JAE, Bouts AHM, Keijzer-Veen MG, van de Kar NCAJ, van den Heuvel LPWJ, Schreuder MF. REducing STEroids in Relapsing Nephrotic syndrome: the RESTERN study- protocol of a national, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, non-inferiority intervention study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e018148. [PMID: 28963315 PMCID: PMC5623563 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral corticosteroids are the first-line treatment for idiopathic childhood nephrotic syndrome. Most children experience several relapses, needing repeated courses of corticosteroid therapy. This exposes them to side effects and long-term complications. For most patients, long-term prognosis is for complete resolution of the disease over time and maintenance of normal kidney function. Therefore, it is vital to focus on minimising adverse events of the disease and its therapy. Unfortunately, no randomised controlled trials are available to determine the optimal corticosteroid treatment of an infrequent relapse of nephrotic syndrome. Recent studies show that treatment schedules for the first episode can safely be shortened to 2 months. The hypothesis of the REducing STEroids in Relapsing Nephrotic syndrome (RESTERN) study is that a 4-week reduction of alternate-day steroids after inducing remission is effective and safe, reduces steroid exposure by 35% on average and is therefore preferable. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The RESTERN study is a nationwide, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, non-inferiority intervention study. Children aged 1-18 years with a relapse of steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome are eligible for this study. Study subjects (n=144) will be randomly assigned to either current standard therapy in the Netherlands or a reduced prednisolone schedule. The primary outcome of the RESTERN study is the time to first relapse after the final prednisolone dose. The secondary outcomes are the number or relapses, progression to frequent relapsing or steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome and the cumulative dosage of prednisolone during the study period. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This non-inferiority trial will be performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and has been approved by the medical ethical committee of Arnhem-Nijmegen and the Dutch Competent Authority (Central Committee on Research Involving Human Subjects, CCMO). After completion of this study, results will be published in national and international peer-reviewed scientific journals. Papers will be published according to CCMO guidelines. The final report will be made available to trial participants. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NTR5670, EudraCT no 2016-002430-76.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Schijvens
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboudumc Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - E M Dorresteijn
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N Roeleveld
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - R Ter Heine
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J A E van Wijk
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A H M Bouts
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M G Keijzer-Veen
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - N C A J van de Kar
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboudumc Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - L P W J van den Heuvel
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboudumc Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Growth and Regeneration, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M F Schreuder
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboudumc Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|