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Feng S, Cheng Y, Sheng C, Yang C, Li Y. Biliary atresia: the role of gut microbiome, and microbial metabolites. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1411843. [PMID: 39104854 PMCID: PMC11298464 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1411843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Biliary atresia (BA) is a progressive fibroinflammatory disease affecting both the extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile ducts, potentially leading to chronic cholestasis and biliary cirrhosis. Despite its prevalence, the exact mechanisms behind BA development remain incompletely understood. Recent research suggests that the gut microbiota and its metabolites may play significant roles in BA development. This paper offers a comprehensive review of the changing characteristics of gut microbiota and their metabolites at different stages of BA in children. It discusses their influence on the host's inflammatory response, immune system, and bile acid metabolism. The review also explores the potential of gut microbiota and metabolites as a therapeutic target for BA, with interventions like butyrate and gut microbiota preparations showing promise in alleviating BA symptoms. While progress has been made, further research is necessary to untangle the complex interactions between gut microbiota and BA, paving the way for more effective prevention and treatment strategies for this challenging condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yumei Li
- Department of pediatric intensive care unit, Children’s Medical Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Zhan J, Liu S, Meng Y, Yang Q, Wang Z, Zhang S, Ge L, Zhao L, Xu X, Zhao Y, Li X, Wang X. Systematic review of the mechanism and assessment of liver fibrosis in biliary atresia. Pediatr Surg Int 2024; 40:205. [PMID: 39033225 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-024-05778-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study systematically reviewed our team's research on the mechanism and assessment of liver fibrosis in BA, summarized our experience, and discussed the future development direction. METHODS In this study, Pubmed and Wanfang databases were searched to collect the literature published by our team on the mechanisms of liver fibrosis in BA and the assessment of liver fibrosis in BA, and the above research results were systematically reviewed. RESULTS A total of 58 articles were retrieved. Among the included articles, 25 articles related to the mechanism of liver fibrosis in BA, and five articles evaluated liver fibrosis in BA. This article introduces the key pathways and molecules of liver fibrosis in BA and proposes a new grading system for liver fibrosis in BA. CONCLUSIONS The new BA liver fibrosis grading method is expected to assess children's conditions, guide treatment, and improve prognosis more accurately. In addition, we believe that the TGF-β1 signaling pathway is the most important in the study of liver fibrosis in BA, and at the same time, the study of EMT occurrence in BA should also be deepened to resolve the controversy on this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua Zhan
- Tianjin Children's Hospital ("Children's Hospital, Tianjin University"), Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Prevention and Treatment, Tianjin, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Children's Hospital, 238 Longyan Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300134, China.
| | - Shaowen Liu
- Tianjin Children's Hospital ("Children's Hospital, Tianjin University"), Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Prevention and Treatment, Tianjin, China
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Children's Hospital, 238 Longyan Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300134, China
- Clinical School of Paediatrics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Meng
- Tianjin Children's Hospital ("Children's Hospital, Tianjin University"), Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Prevention and Treatment, Tianjin, China
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Children's Hospital, 238 Longyan Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300134, China
- Clinical School of Paediatrics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qianhui Yang
- Tianjin Children's Hospital ("Children's Hospital, Tianjin University"), Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Prevention and Treatment, Tianjin, China
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Children's Hospital, 238 Longyan Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300134, China
- Clinical School of Paediatrics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiru Wang
- Tianjin Children's Hospital ("Children's Hospital, Tianjin University"), Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Prevention and Treatment, Tianjin, China
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Children's Hospital, 238 Longyan Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300134, China
- Clinical School of Paediatrics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shujian Zhang
- Tianjin Children's Hospital ("Children's Hospital, Tianjin University"), Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Prevention and Treatment, Tianjin, China
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Children's Hospital, 238 Longyan Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Liang Ge
- Tianjin Children's Hospital ("Children's Hospital, Tianjin University"), Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Prevention and Treatment, Tianjin, China
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Children's Hospital, 238 Longyan Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Tianjin Children's Hospital ("Children's Hospital, Tianjin University"), Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Prevention and Treatment, Tianjin, China
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaodan Xu
- Tianjin Children's Hospital ("Children's Hospital, Tianjin University"), Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Prevention and Treatment, Tianjin, China
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Children's Hospital, 238 Longyan Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300134, China
- Clinical School of Paediatrics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yilin Zhao
- Tianjin Children's Hospital ("Children's Hospital, Tianjin University"), Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Prevention and Treatment, Tianjin, China
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Children's Hospital, 238 Longyan Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300134, China
- Clinical School of Paediatrics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Li
- Tianjin Children's Hospital ("Children's Hospital, Tianjin University"), Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Prevention and Treatment, Tianjin, China
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Children's Hospital, 238 Longyan Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300134, China
- Clinical School of Paediatrics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xueting Wang
- Tianjin Children's Hospital ("Children's Hospital, Tianjin University"), Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Prevention and Treatment, Tianjin, China
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Children's Hospital, 238 Longyan Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300134, China
- Clinical School of Paediatrics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Meng L, Wang J, Chen H, Zhu J, Kong F, Chen G, Dong R, Zheng S. LncRNA MEG9 Promotes Inflammation and Liver Fibrosis Through S100A9 in Biliary Atresia. J Pediatr Surg 2024:161633. [PMID: 39127593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2024.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of biliary atresia (BA) remains elusive. We aimed to investigate the role of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) MEG9 in BA. METHODS LncRNA microarray was conducted to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs in three BA and three para-hepatoblastoma liver tissues. RT-qPCR validated the results. Human intrahepatic bile duct epithelial cells (HIBECs) were stably transfected with lncRNA MEG9 knockdown/overexpression to investigate its cellular localization and function. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis and gene set enrichment analysis were applied to MEG9-overexpresed HIBECs. RNA pull-down and mass spectrometry explored the interacting protein of MEG9, while clinical information was reviewed. RESULTS 436 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified, with MEG9 highly upregulated in BA. RT-qPCR further confirmed MEG9's overexpression in BA and diagnostic potential (AUC = 0.9691). MEG9 was predominantly located in the nucleus and significantly promoted cell proliferation and migration. RNA-seq revealed inflammation- and extracellular matrix-related pathways enriched in MEG9-overexpressing HIBECs, with upregulated cytokine genes like CXCL6 and IL6. MMP-7 and collagen I were also overexpressed. Furthermore, 38 proteins were identified to specifically interact with MEG9, and S100A9 was highly expressed in cell models. S100A9 was also significantly upregulated in BA liver tissue and correlated with MEG9 expression (r = 0.313, p < 0.05), albumin level (r = -0.349, p < 0.05), and platelet level (r = -0.324, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION MEG9 influences cholangiocyte proliferation, migration, and cytokine production, potentially regulating BA inflammation and fibrosis via S100A9 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingdu Meng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huifen Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajie Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanyang Kong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Shanghai, China
| | - Gong Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Dong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shan Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Shanghai, China.
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Wang L, Cheng J, Huang J, Xiao T, Tang Z. The mechanism of IL-13 targeting IL-13Rα2 in regulating oral mucosal FBs through PI3K/AKT/mTOR. Oral Dis 2024; 30:3142-3154. [PMID: 37897109 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this investigation was to examine the presence of interleukin (IL)-13 and its receptor IL-13Rα2 in the tissues of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), investigate their biological functions, and explore the underlying mechanisms involved in the development of OSF. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of IL-13 and IL-13Rα2 in the oral mucosa of patients with OSF and normal individuals was determined through immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Primary fibroblasts (FBs) were extracted through enzymatic digestion and then cultured. Immunofluorescence was employed to identify the FB cultures and the location of IL-13Rα2. The effects of IL-13/IL-13Rα2/PI3K/AKT/mTOR on the migration, proliferation, and secretion of fiber-related proteins of FBs were explored via the wound healing assay, CCK-8 assay, EDU assay, and RT-qPCR. The impact of IL-13Rα2 silencing and PI3K/AKT inhibition on the effect of IL-13 on FBs was analyzed by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. RESULTS IL-13 and IL-13Rα2 were highly expressed in OSF. Primary FBs were successfully extracted and cultured. IL-13Rα2 was found to be localized in myofibroblasts. IL-13 promoted the proliferation, migration, and secretion of fibril-associated proteins in FBs. The proliferation, migration, and secretion of fibril-associated proteins of FBs were decreased following IL-13Rα2 silencing and inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. CONCLUSION IL-13 may promote the proliferation, migration, and secretion of fiber-related proteins of FBs through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway by targeting IL-13Rα2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care & Academician Workstation for Oral-maxilofacial and Regenerative Medicine & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingyi Cheng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care & Academician Workstation for Oral-maxilofacial and Regenerative Medicine & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junhui Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care & Academician Workstation for Oral-maxilofacial and Regenerative Medicine & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Xiao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care & Academician Workstation for Oral-maxilofacial and Regenerative Medicine & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhangui Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care & Academician Workstation for Oral-maxilofacial and Regenerative Medicine & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Pandurangi S, Kim S, Asai A, Bondoc A, Balistreri W, Campbell K, Miethke A, Peters A, Rogers M, Taylor A, Attia SL, Gibbons T, Mullapudi B, Sheridan R, Tiao G, Bezerra JA. Customized Postoperative Therapy Improves Bile Drainage in Biliary Atresia: A Single Center Preliminary Report. J Pediatr Surg 2023; 58:1483-1488. [PMID: 36496264 PMCID: PMC10846645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2022.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controversies in management of biliary atresia (BA) after hepatoportoenterostomy (HPE) lead to variable treatment protocols. We implemented standardized medical management after HPE, customizing the use of antibiotics and corticosteroids based on patient-specific factors. METHODS In this retrospective analysis, 20 consecutive infants underwent HPE for BA and were compared to a historical cohort. Analysis of successful biliary drainage 3 months after HPE (defined as serum total bilirubin <2 mg/dL) was the primary endpoint; survival with native liver at 2 years was the secondary endpoint. RESULTS Sixteen of 20 (80%) infants had successful bile drainage, compared to 8 of 20 (40%) infants in the historical cohort (P = 0.0225). Sixteen of 20 patients in the new protocol have reached 2 years of age or required liver transplantation. Among the sixteen, 11 (68.8%) are alive with native livers versus 10 of 20 (50%) in the historical cohort (P = 0.0970). CONCLUSION This preliminary report suggests the potential benefit of tailored use of postoperative antibiotics and corticosteroids in improving biliary drainage after HPE. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu Pandurangi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Seung Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Akihiro Asai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Alexander Bondoc
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - William Balistreri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kathleen Campbell
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Alexander Miethke
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Anna Peters
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael Rogers
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Amy Taylor
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Suzanna Labib Attia
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky Children's Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Troy Gibbons
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky Children's Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Bhargava Mullapudi
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Rachel Sheridan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Greg Tiao
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
| | - Jorge A Bezerra
- Division of Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
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Zhang W, Mackay CR, Gershwin ME. Immunomodulatory Effects of Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Autoimmune Liver Diseases. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:1629-1639. [PMID: 37186939 PMCID: PMC10188201 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nonpathogenic commensal microbiota and their metabolites and components are essential to maintain a tolerogenic environment and promote beneficial health effects. The metabolic environment critically impacts the outcome of immune responses and likely impacts autoimmune and allergic responses. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the main metabolites produced by microbial fermentation in the gut. Given the high concentration of SCFAs in the gut and portal vein and their broad immune regulatory functions, SCFAs significantly influence immune tolerance and gut-liver immunity. Alterations of SCFA-producing bacteria and SCFAs have been identified in a multitude of inflammatory diseases. These data have particular significance in primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and autoimmune hepatitis because of the close proximity of the liver to the gut. In this focused review, we provide an update on the immunologic consequences of SCFA-producing microbiota and in particular on three dominant SCFAs in autoimmune liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weici Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, CA, USA
| | - Charles R. Mackay
- Department of Microbiology, Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M. Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, CA, USA
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Hong B, Li Y, Yang R, Dai S, Zhan Y, Zhang WB, Dong R. Single-cell transcriptional profiling reveals heterogeneity and developmental trajectories of Ewing sarcoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:3267-3280. [PMID: 35713707 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is an aggressive malignant neoplasm composed of small round cells. The heterogeneity and developmental trajectories of EwS are uncertain. METHODS Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on 4 EwS tumor tissue samples, and 3 transcriptional atlases were generated. K-nearest neighbor algorithm was used to predict the origin of tumor cells at single-cell resolution. Monocle2 package was used to perform pseudotime trajectory analysis in tumor cells. Differentially expressed genes were compared against those in all other clusters via the FindMarkers function, and then they were subjected to GO analysis using clusterProfiler package. RESULTS Combined with the results of k-nearest neighbor algorithm and pseudotime trajectory analysis in tumor cells, we thought meningeal EwS originated from neural crest cells during epithelial to mesenchymal transition and simulated the process of neural crest cell lineage differentiation. But for perirenal EwS and spinal EwS, we hypothesized that after the neural crest cell lineage mutated into them, the tumor cells did not maintain the differentiation trajectory of neural crest cell lineage, and the development trajectory of tumor cells became chaotic. GO analysis results showed that interferon signaling pathway-related biological processes play an essential role in the tumorigenesis and tumor progression process of EwS, and among these biological processes genes, JAK1 gene up-regulated most significantly and highly expressed in all tumor cells. Ruxolitinib was used to explore the function of JAK1. Targeting JAK1 can promote apoptosis of EwS tumor cells, inhibit the migration and invasion of EwS tumor cells, and inhibit cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle S phase arrest. CONCLUSION EwS was derived from neural crest cell lineage with variable developmental timing of oncogenic conversion, and the JAK1 might be a candidate for therapeutic targets of EwS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Ran Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - ShuYang Dai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Yong Zhan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Wen-Bo Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China.
| | - Rui Dong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China.
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