1
|
Herlin LK, Sørensen SB, Graakjaer JA, Andersen S, Schmidt SAJ, Sommerlund M, Mogensen TH. NF-κB Activation and X-Inactivation in Females with Incontinentia Pigmenti and Recurrent Infections. J Clin Immunol 2024; 44:136. [PMID: 38795145 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-024-01737-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Krogh Herlin
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul Jensens Boulevard 67, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | | | | | - Sisse Andersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sigrun Alba Johannesdottir Schmidt
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul Jensens Boulevard 67, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Sommerlund
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul Jensens Boulevard 67, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Trine H Mogensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yin L, Li Z, Zhan W, Kang Y, Tian Q, Li D, Zhang H. Central nervous system anomalies in 41 Chinese children incontinentia pigmenti. BMC Neurosci 2024; 25:25. [PMID: 38773385 PMCID: PMC11110290 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-024-00872-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) is a rare neuroectodermal dysplasia caused by a defect in the IKBKG gene. The pathogenesis of central nervous system injury is believed to be related to microvascular ischemia. Currently, few treatment strategies are available for the inflammatory phase. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective descriptive analysis included the clinical data of 41 children with IP collected from 2007 to 2021 in Xi'an, China, comprising clinical characteristics, imaging findings, blood cell analysis, skin histopathology, and genetic data. RESULTS Fourteen children (34%) aged 4 days to 5 months exhibited clinical signs and symptoms, including convulsions, delayed psychomotor development following neurological damage, and revealed significant MRI abnormalities, including ischemia, hypoxia, cerebral hypoperfusion, hemorrhage, encephalomalacia, and cerebral atrophy. Eight of the 24 patients (33%) presented with retinal vascular tortuosity and telangiectasis, accompanied by neovascularization and hemorrhage. Thirty-eight children (93%) had elevated eosinophils (mean: 3.63 ± 4.46 × 109), and 28 children (68%) had significantly elevated platelets (mean: 420.16 ± 179.43 × 109). Histopathology of skin revealed microvascular extravasation and vasodilation with perivascular and intravascular eosinophilic infiltration. CONCLUSION Brain injury in IP occurs during infancy until 5 months of age, which is also the acute dermatitis phase accompanied by eosinophilia and an increased platelet count. This study provides evidence of microvascular damage to the skin and fundus during the inflammatory phase. The mechanism of microvascular damage may be similar to that in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Yin
- Department of Emergency, Xi'an Children's Hospital (Xi'an Jiaotong University Affiliated Children's Hospital), No.69, Xiju Yuan Lane, Lianhu District, Xi'an, 86-710003, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyuan Li
- Department of Imaging, Xi'an Children's Hospital (Xi'an Jiaotong University Affiliated Children's Hospital), Xi'an, 86-710003, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Zhan
- Department of Emergency, Xi'an Children's Hospital (Xi'an Jiaotong University Affiliated Children's Hospital), No.69, Xiju Yuan Lane, Lianhu District, Xi'an, 86-710003, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanjie Kang
- Department of Emergency, Xi'an Children's Hospital (Xi'an Jiaotong University Affiliated Children's Hospital), No.69, Xiju Yuan Lane, Lianhu District, Xi'an, 86-710003, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Tian
- Department of Emergency, Xi'an Children's Hospital (Xi'an Jiaotong University Affiliated Children's Hospital), No.69, Xiju Yuan Lane, Lianhu District, Xi'an, 86-710003, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Emergency, Xi'an Children's Hospital (Xi'an Jiaotong University Affiliated Children's Hospital), No.69, Xiju Yuan Lane, Lianhu District, Xi'an, 86-710003, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huifang Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Xi'an Children's Hospital (Xi'an Jiaotong University Affiliated Children's Hospital), No.69, Xiju Yuan Lane, Lianhu District, Xi'an, 86-710003, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen H, Ji X, Lai Y, Xie L, Wan C, Li L. Novel IKBKG gene mutations in incontinentia pigmenti: report of two cases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1303590. [PMID: 38173938 PMCID: PMC10764103 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1303590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Incontinentia pigmenti (IP), an X-chromosome dominant genodermatosis caused by mutations in the IKBKG/NEMO gene, is a rare disease affecting the skin, teeth, eyes, and central nervous system. Here, we report two pedigrees of IP and detection of two novel mutations in the IKBKG gene associated with IP via genetic analysis. In addition, different gene mutation types can present with different clinical phenotypes, and the same gene mutation type can show different clinical phenotypes. This study provides clinical cases for further study of the genotype and phenotype of IP and enriches the mutation spectrum of IKBKG gene, which provides a basis for genetic counseling and genetic diagnosis of IP in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chunlei Wan
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Candidate Branch of National Clinical Research Centre for Skin and Immune Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Longnian Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Candidate Branch of National Clinical Research Centre for Skin and Immune Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yuan F, Zhu FN, Liu XJ, Li J, Xu HT. Incontinentia Pigmenti: A Case Report of Early Clinical Symptoms in a Lack of Family Inheritance Positive Result. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:1209-1214. [PMID: 37192991 PMCID: PMC10182818 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s407506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Incontinentia pigmenti (IP), also known as Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome, is an X-linked dominant genetic disease involving multiple systems. Previous literature has not reported the case of parents with negative genetic test results, and typical early clinical symptoms and auxiliary inspection results were also lacking. Case Report A female child was found to have broken skin immediately after birth with no family inheritance disease, and the area of the broken skin increased. Immediately afterward, Head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed multiple blood lesions in the brain. Then, the wide-angle digital retinal imaging system suggesting that fundus fluorescein angiography showed fundus vascular loop-like changes. And blood genetic testing showed that exons 4-10 of the NEMO gene located in Xq28 were deleted. The patient was eventually diagnosed with IP. However, her parents were a non-consanguineous healthy couple, with no specific skin, oral, or perineal diseases. And her parents' blood genetic testing showed that the parents and sisters of the patient did not have the NEMO gene exon deletion of Xq28. Conclusion This case demonstrates the process from suspected neonatal IP cases without familial inheritance to diagnosis, which showed the typical early clinical symptoms and auxiliary inspection results. This case showed that the parents of patients with IP do not necessarily have clinical symptoms and positive symptoms of genetic testing results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of the People’s Liberation Army, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng-Na Zhu
- Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Juan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of the People’s Liberation Army, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Blood Purification, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of the People’s Liberation Army, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jun Li; Hong-Tao Xu, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of the People’s Liberation Army, 627#, Wuluo Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13659846692, Fax +86-27-50773333, Email ;
| | - Hong-Tao Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of the People’s Liberation Army, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|