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Le Franc A, Da Silva A, Lepetre-Mouelhi S. Nanomedicine and voltage-gated sodium channel blockers in pain management: a game changer or a lost cause? Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:2112-2145. [PMID: 38861139 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01615-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Pain, a complex and debilitating condition affecting millions globally, is a significant concern, especially in the context of post-operative recovery. This comprehensive review explores the complexity of pain and its global impact, emphasizing the modulation of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC or NaV channels) as a promising avenue for pain management with the aim of reducing reliance on opioids. The article delves into the role of specific NaV isoforms, particularly NaV 1.7, NaV 1.8, and NaV 1.9, in pain process and discusses the development of sodium channel blockers to target these isoforms precisely. Traditional local anesthetics and selective NaV isoform inhibitors, despite showing varying efficacy in pain management, face challenges in systemic distribution and potential side effects. The review highlights the potential of nanomedicine in improving the delivery of local anesthetics, toxins and selective NaV isoform inhibitors for a targeted and sustained release at the site of pain. This innovative strategy seeks to improve drug bioavailability, minimize systemic exposure, and optimize therapeutic outcomes, holding significant promise for secure pain management and enhancing the quality of life for individuals recovering from surgical procedures or suffering from chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adélaïde Le Franc
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Alexandre Da Silva
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
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2
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Terman SW, Kirkpatrick L, Akiyama LF, Baajour W, Atilgan D, Dorotan MKC, Choi HW, French JA. Current state of the epilepsy drug and device pipeline. Epilepsia 2024; 65:833-845. [PMID: 38345387 PMCID: PMC11018510 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The field of epilepsy has undergone substantial advances as we develop novel drugs and devices. Yet considerable challenges remain in developing broadly effective, well-tolerated treatments, but also precision treatments for rare epilepsies and seizure-monitoring devices. We summarize major recent and ongoing innovations in diagnostic and therapeutic products presented at the seventeenth Epilepsy Therapies & Diagnostics Development (ETDD) conference, which occurred May 31 to June 2, 2023, in Aventura, Florida. Therapeutics under development are targeting genetics, ion channels and other neurotransmitters, and many other potentially first-in-class interventions such as stem cells, glycogen metabolism, cholesterol, the gut microbiome, and novel modalities for delivering electrical neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W Terman
- University of Michigan Department of Neurology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Laura Kirkpatrick
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Pediatrics, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Lisa F Akiyama
- University of Washington Department of Neurology, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Wadih Baajour
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Department of Neurology, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Deniz Atilgan
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Department of Neurology, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Hyoung Won Choi
- Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Jacqueline A French
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
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3
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Gaisina I, Li P, Du R, Cui Q, Dong M, Zhang C, Manicassamy B, Caffrey M, Moore T, Cooper L, Rong L. An orally active entry inhibitor of influenza A viruses protects mice and synergizes with oseltamivir and baloxavir marboxil. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk9004. [PMID: 38394202 PMCID: PMC10889430 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk9004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Seasonal or pandemic illness caused by influenza A viruses (IAVs) is a major public health concern due to the high morbidity and notable mortality. Although there are several approved drugs targeting different mechanisms, the emergence of drug resistance calls for new drug candidates that can be used alone or in combinations. Small-molecule IAV entry inhibitor, ING-1466, binds to hemagglutinin (HA) and blocks HA-mediated viral infection. Here, we show that this inhibitor demonstrates preventive and therapeutic effects in a mouse model of IAV with substantial improvement in the survival rate. When administered orally it elicits a therapeutic effect in mice, even after the well-established infection. Moreover, the combination of ING-1466 with oseltamivir phosphate or baloxavir marboxil enhances the therapeutic effect in a synergistic manner. Overall, ING-1466 has excellent oral bioavailability and in vitro absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity profile, suggesting that it can be developed for monotherapy or combination therapy for the treatment of IAV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Gaisina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and UICentre, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Chicago BioSolutions Inc., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ping Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Ruikun Du
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Qinghua Cui
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Meiyue Dong
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Balaji Manicassamy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Michael Caffrey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Terry Moore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and UICentre, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 26 60612, USA
| | - Laura Cooper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Lijun Rong
- Chicago BioSolutions Inc., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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4
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Kostrubsky V, Liu Y, Muste C, Gu C, Kirkland M, Nishimura N, Hasegawa K, Hasumi K, Yuan L. Preclinical safety, toxicokinetics and metabolism of BIIB131, a novel prothrombolytic agent for acute stroke. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 145:105498. [PMID: 37778433 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BIIB131, a small molecule, is currently in Phase 2 for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Safety and metabolism of BIIB131 were evaluated following intravenous administration to rats and monkeys. Exposure increased dose-proportionally in rats up to 60 mg/kg and more than dose-proportionally in monkeys at greater than 10 mg/kg accompanied by prolonged half-life and safety findings. The BIIB131 was poorly metabolized in microsomes with no inhibition of CYPs. BIIB131-glucuronide, formed by UGT1A1, accounted for 21.5% metabolism in human hepatocytes and 28-40% in rat bile. In rats, excretion was primarily via the bile. BIIB131 inhibited the hERG and Nav1.5 cardiac channels by 39% but showed no effect on cardiovascular parameters in monkeys. Toxicology findings were limited to reversable hematuria, changes in urinary parameters and local effects. A MTD of 30 mg/kg was established in monkeys, the most sensitive species, at total plasma Cmax and AUC of 6- and 14-fold, respectively, greater than the NOAEL. The Phase 1 study started with intravenous 0.05 mg/kg and ascended to 6.0 mg/kg which corresponded to safety margins of 147- to 0.9-fold (for Cmax) within the linear drug exposure. Thus, the preclinical profile of BIIB131 has been appropriately characterized and supports its further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vick Kostrubsky
- Nonclinical Safety Science, Biogen, Inc., 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Ying Liu
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Biogen, Inc., 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Cathy Muste
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Biogen, Inc., 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Chungang Gu
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Biogen, Inc., 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Melissa Kirkland
- Nonclinical Safety Science, Biogen, Inc., 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Naoko Nishimura
- Division of Research and Development, TMS Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Hasegawa
- Division of Research and Development, TMS Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Hasumi
- Division of Research and Development, TMS Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Long Yuan
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Biogen, Inc., 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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5
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Omer H, Omer MH, Alyousef AR, Alzammam AM, Ahmad O, Alanazi HA. Unmasking of Brugada syndrome by lamotrigine in a patient with pre-existing epilepsy: A case report with review of the literature. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1005952. [PMID: 36407465 PMCID: PMC9673589 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1005952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Brugada syndrome is an inherited cardiac channelopathy arising from mutations in voltage-gated cardiac sodium channels. Idiopathic epilepsy portrays a coalescent underlying pathophysiological mechanism pertaining to the premature excitation of neuronal voltage-gated ion channels resulting in the disruption of presynaptic neurons and the unregulated release of excitatory neurotransmitters. The coexistence of epilepsy and Brugada syndrome may be explained by mutations in voltage-gated ion channels, which are coexpressed in cardiac and neural tissue. Moreover, the incidence of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy has been associated with malignant cardiac arrhythmias in the presence of mutations in voltage-gated ion channels. Lamotrigine is an antiepileptic drug that inhibits neuronal voltage-gated sodium channels, thus stabilizing neural impulse propagation and controlling seizure activity in the brain. However, lamotrigine has been shown to inhibit cardiac voltage-gated sodium channels resulting in a potential arrhythmogenic effect and the ability to unmask Brugada syndrome in genetically susceptible individuals. We are reporting a case of a 27-year-old male patient with a background of presumed idiopathic epilepsy who was initiated on lamotrigine therapy resulting in the unmasking of Brugada syndrome and the onset of syncopal episodes. This case provides further evidence for the arrhythmogenic capacity of lamotrigine and highlights the relationship between epilepsy and Brugada syndrome. In this report, we aim to review the current literature regarding the associations between epilepsy and Brugada syndrome and the impact of lamotrigine therapy on such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Omer
- Department of Adult Cardiology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Hafiz Omer,
| | - Mohamed H. Omer
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ali M. Alzammam
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Ahmad
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haitham A. Alanazi
- Department of Adult Cardiology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Patel MV, Peltier HM, Matulenko MA, Koenig JR, C Scanio MJ, Gum RJ, El-Kouhen OF, Fricano MM, Lundgaard GL, Neelands T, Zhang XF, Zhan C, Pai M, Ghoreishi-Haack N, Hudzik T, Gintant G, Martin R, McGaraughty S, Xu J, Bow D, Kalvass JC, Kym PR, DeGoey DA, Kort ME. Discovery of (R)-(3-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)(6-((5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)quinolin-2-yl)methanone (ABBV-318) and analogs as small molecule Na v1.7/ Nav1.8 blockers for the treatment of pain. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 63:116743. [PMID: 35436748 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.7 is an attractive target for the treatment of pain based on the high level of target validation with genetic evidence linking Nav1.7 to pain in humans. Our effort to identify selective, CNS-penetrant Nav1.7 blockers with oral activity, improved selectivity, good drug-like properties, and safety led to the discovery of 2-substituted quinolines and quinolones as potent small molecule Nav1.7 blockers. The design of these molecules focused on maintaining potency at Nav1.7, improving selectivity over the hERG channel, and overcoming phospholipidosis observed with the initial leads. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies leading to the discovery of (R)-(3-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)(6-((5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)quinolin-2-yl)methanone (ABBV-318) are described herein. ABBV-318 displayed robust in vivo efficacy in both inflammatory and neuropathic rodent models of pain. ABBV-318 also inhibited Nav1.8, another sodium channel isoform that is an active target for the development of new pain treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena V Patel
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | - Hillary M Peltier
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Mark A Matulenko
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - John R Koenig
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Marc J C Scanio
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Rebecca J Gum
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Odile F El-Kouhen
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Meagan M Fricano
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Greta L Lundgaard
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Torben Neelands
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Xu-Feng Zhang
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Cenchen Zhan
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Madhavi Pai
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | | | - Thomas Hudzik
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Gary Gintant
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Ruth Martin
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Steve McGaraughty
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Jun Xu
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Daniel Bow
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - John C Kalvass
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Philip R Kym
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - David A DeGoey
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Michael E Kort
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
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7
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Mori Y, Tsuchihira A, Yoshida T, Yoshida S, Fujiuchi A, Ohmi M, Isogai Y, Sakaguchi T, Eguchi S, Tsuda T, Kato K, Ohashi K, Ouchi N, Park HM, Murohara T, Takefuji M. Corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 antagonist, RQ-00490721, for the prevention of pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112566. [PMID: 34954642 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulate the pathological and physiological functions of the heart. GPCR antagonists are widely used in the treatment of chronic heart failure. Despite therapeutic advances in the treatments for cardiovascular diseases, heart failure is a major clinical health problem, with significant mortality and morbidity. Corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 (CRHR2) is highly expressed in cardiomyocytes, and cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of the genes encoding CRHR2 suppresses pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction. This suggests that the negative modulation of CRHR2 may prevent the progression of heart failure. However, there are no systemic drugs against CRHR2. FINDINGS We developed a novel, oral, small molecule antagonist of CRHR2, RQ-00490721, to investigate the inhibition of CRHR2 as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of heart failure. In vitro, RQ-00490721 decreased CRHR2 agonist-induced 3', 5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production. In vivo, RQ-00490721 showed sufficient oral absorption and better distribution to peripheral organs than to the central nervous system. Oral administration of RQ-00490721 inhibited the CRHR2 agonist-induced phosphorylation of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) in the heart, which regulates a transcription activator involved in heart failure. RQ-00490721 administration was not found to affect basal heart function in mice but protected them from pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction. INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that RQ-00490721 is a promising agent for use in the treatment of chronic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mori
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Tatsuya Yoshida
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoya Yoshida
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Fujiuchi
- Discovery Research, RaQualia Pharma Inc., Nagoya, Japan; RaQualia Pharma Industry-Academia Collaborative Research Center, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masashi Ohmi
- Discovery Research, RaQualia Pharma Inc., Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yumi Isogai
- Discovery Research, RaQualia Pharma Inc., Nagoya, Japan
| | - Teruhiro Sakaguchi
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Eguchi
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takuma Tsuda
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Kato
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koji Ohashi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Cardiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Ouchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Cardiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hyi-Man Park
- Discovery Research, RaQualia Pharma Inc., Nagoya, Japan; RaQualia Pharma Industry-Academia Collaborative Research Center, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mikito Takefuji
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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8
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Chen L, He Y, Wang X, Ge J, Li H. Ventricular voltage-gated ion channels: Detection, characteristics, mechanisms, and drug safety evaluation. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e530. [PMID: 34709746 PMCID: PMC8516344 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac voltage-gated ion channels (VGICs) play critical roles in mediating cardiac electrophysiological signals, such as action potentials, to maintain normal heart excitability and contraction. Inherited or acquired alterations in the structure, expression, or function of VGICs, as well as VGIC-related side effects of pharmaceutical drug delivery can result in abnormal cellular electrophysiological processes that induce life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias or even sudden cardiac death. Hence, to reduce possible heart-related risks, VGICs must be acknowledged as important targets in drug discovery and safety studies related to cardiac disease. In this review, we first summarize the development and application of electrophysiological techniques that are employed in cardiac VGIC studies alone or in combination with other techniques such as cryoelectron microscopy, optical imaging and optogenetics. Subsequently, we describe the characteristics, structure, mechanisms, and functions of various well-studied VGICs in ventricular myocytes and analyze their roles in and contributions to both physiological cardiac excitability and inherited cardiac diseases. Finally, we address the implications of the structure and function of ventricular VGICs for drug safety evaluation. In summary, multidisciplinary studies on VGICs help researchers discover potential targets of VGICs and novel VGICs in heart, enrich their knowledge of the properties and functions, determine the operation mechanisms of pathological VGICs, and introduce groundbreaking trends in drug therapy strategies, and drug safety evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular DiseasesShanghai Xuhui District Central Hospital & Zhongshan‐xuhui Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yue He
- Department of CardiologyShanghai Xuhui District Central Hospital & Zhongshan‐xuhui HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular DiseasesShanghai Xuhui District Central Hospital & Zhongshan‐xuhui Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular DiseasesShanghai Xuhui District Central Hospital & Zhongshan‐xuhui Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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9
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Post AD, Buchan S, John M, Safavi-Naeini P, Cosgriff-Hernández E, Razavi M. Reconstituting electrical conduction in soft tissue: the path to replace the ablationist. Europace 2021; 23:1892-1902. [PMID: 34477862 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euab187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed world. A common mechanism underlying many of these arrhythmias is re-entry, which may occur when native conduction pathways are disrupted, often by myocardial infarction. Presently, re-entrant arrhythmias are most commonly treated with antiarrhythmic drugs and myocardial ablation, although both treatment methods are associated with adverse side effects and limited efficacy. In recent years, significant advancements in the field of biomaterials science have spurred increased interest in the development of novel therapies that enable restoration of native conduction in damaged or diseased myocardium. In this review, we assess the current landscape of materials-based approaches to eliminating re-entrant arrhythmias. These approaches potentially pave the way for the eventual replacement of myocardial ablation as a preferred therapy for such pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison D Post
- Electrophysiology Clinical Research and Innovations, Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Skylar Buchan
- Electrophysiology Clinical Research and Innovations, Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mathews John
- Electrophysiology Clinical Research and Innovations, Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Payam Safavi-Naeini
- Electrophysiology Clinical Research and Innovations, Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Mehdi Razavi
- Electrophysiology Clinical Research and Innovations, Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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10
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Ellermann C, Wolfes J, Eckardt L, Frommeyer G. Role of the rabbit whole-heart model for electrophysiologic safety pharmacology of non-cardiovascular drugs. Europace 2021; 23:828-836. [PMID: 33200170 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euaa288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plenty of non-cardiovascular drugs alter cardiac electrophysiology and may ultimately lead to life-threatening arrhythmias. In clinical practice, measuring the QT interval as a marker for the repolarization period is the most common tool to assess the electrophysiologic safety of drugs. However, the sole measurement of the QT interval may be insufficient to determine the proarrhythmic risk of non-cardiovascular agents. Several other markers are considered in pre-clinical safety testing to determine potential harm on cardiac electrophysiology. Besides measuring typical electrophysiologic parameters such as repolarization duration, whole-heart models allow the determination of potential predictors for proarrhythmia. Spatial and temporal heterogeneity as well as changes of shape of the action potential can be easily assessed. In addition, provocation manoeuvers (either by electrolyte imbalances or programmed pacing protocols) may induce sustained arrhythmias and thereby determine ventricular vulnerability to arrhythmias. Compared with the human heart, the rabbit heart possesses a similar distribution of ion currents that govern cardiac repolarization, resulting in a rectangular action potential configuration in both species. In addition, similar biophysical properties of rabbit and human cardiac ion channels lead to a comparable pharmacologic response in human and rabbit hearts. Of note, arrhythmia patterns resemble in both species due to the similar effective size of human and rabbit hearts. Thus, the rabbit heart is particularly suitable for testing the electrophysiologic safety of drugs. Several experimental setups have been developed for studying cardiac electrophysiology in rabbits, ranging from single cell to tissue preparations, whole-heart setups, and in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ellermann
- Department of Cardiology II (Electrophysiology), University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - Julian Wolfes
- Department of Cardiology II (Electrophysiology), University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - Lars Eckardt
- Department of Cardiology II (Electrophysiology), University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - Gerrit Frommeyer
- Department of Cardiology II (Electrophysiology), University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Münster D-48149, Germany
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11
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Yang PC, Giles WR, Belardinelli L, Clancy CE. Mechanisms of flecainide induced negative inotropy: An in silico study. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 158:26-37. [PMID: 34004185 PMCID: PMC8772296 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
It is imperative to develop better approaches to predict how antiarrhythmic drugs with multiple interactions and targets may alter the overall electrical and/or mechanical function of the heart. Safety Pharmacology studies have provided new insights into the multi-target effects of many different classes of drugs and have been aided by the addition of robust new in vitro and in silico technology. The primary focus of Safety Pharmacology studies has been to determine the risk profile of drugs and drug candidates by assessing their effects on repolarization of the cardiac action potential. However, for decades experimental and clinical studies have described substantial and potentially detrimental effects of Na+ channel blockers in addition to their well-known conduction slowing effects. One such side effect, associated with administration of some Na+ channel blocking drugs is negative inotropy. This reduces the pumping function of the heart, thereby resulting in hypotension. Flecainide is a well-known example of a Na+ channel blocking drug, that exhibits strong rate-dependent block of INa and may cause negative cardiac inotropy. While the phenomenon of Na+ channel suppression and resulting negative inotropy is well described, the mechanism(s) underlying this effect are not. Here, we set out to use a modeling and simulation approach to reveal plausible mechanisms that could explain the negative inotropic effect of flecainide. We utilized the Grandi-Bers model [1] of the cardiac ventricular myocyte because of its robust descriptions of ion homeostasis in order to characterize and resolve the relative effects of QRS widening, flecainide off-target effects and changes in intracellular Ca2+ and Na+ homeostasis. The results of our investigations and predictions reconcile multiple data sets and illustrate how multiple mechanisms may play a contributing role in the flecainide induced negative cardiac inotropic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chi Yang
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, United States of America
| | - Wayne R Giles
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Canada
| | | | - Colleen E Clancy
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, United States of America.
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12
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Amstetter D, Badt F, Rubi L, Bittner RE, Ebner J, Uhrin P, Hilber K, Koenig X, Todt H. The bradycardic agent ivabradine decreases conduction velocity in the AV node and in the ventricles in-vivo. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 893:173818. [PMID: 33345856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Ivabradine blocks hyperpolarisation-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels, thereby lowering the heart rate, an action that is used clinically for the treatment of heart failure and angina pectoris. We and others have shown previously that ivabradine, in addition to its HCN channel blocking activity, also inhibits voltage-gated Na channels in vitro at concentrations that may be clinically relevant. Such action may reduce conduction velocity in cardiac atria and ventricles. Here, we explore the effect of administration of ivabradine on parameters of ventricular conduction and repolarization in the surface ECG of anesthetized mice. We found that 5 min after i.p. administration of 10 mg/kg ivabradine spontaneous heart rate had declined by ~13%, which is within the range observed in human clinical studies. At the same time a significant increase in QRS duration by ~18% was observed, suggesting a reduction in ventricular conduction velocity. During transesophageal pacing at heart rates between 100 and 220 beats/min there was no obvious rate-dependence of ivabradine-induced QRS prolongation. On the other hand, ivabradine produced substantial rate-dependent slowing of AV nodal conduction. We conclude that ivabradine prolongs conduction in the AV-node and in the ventricles in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Amstetter
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Badt
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lena Rubi
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reginald E Bittner
- Neuromuscular Research Department, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Janine Ebner
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pavel Uhrin
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Austria
| | - Karlheinz Hilber
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xaver Koenig
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannes Todt
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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13
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Ramdas V, Talwar R, Kanoje V, Loriya RM, Banerjee M, Patil P, Joshi AA, Datrange L, Das AK, Walke DS, Kalhapure V, Khan T, Gote G, Dhayagude U, Deshpande S, Shaikh J, Chaure G, Pal RR, Parkale S, Suravase S, Bhoskar S, Gupta RV, Kalia A, Yeshodharan R, Azhar M, Daler J, Mali V, Sharma G, Kishore A, Vyawahare R, Agarwal G, Pareek H, Budhe S, Nayak A, Warude D, Gupta PK, Joshi P, Joshi S, Darekar S, Pandey D, Wagh A, Nigade PB, Mehta M, Patil V, Modi D, Pawar S, Verma M, Singh M, Das S, Gundu J, Nemmani K, Bock MG, Sharma S, Bakhle D, Kamboj RK, Palle VP. Discovery of Potent, Selective, and State-Dependent Na V1.7 Inhibitors with Robust Oral Efficacy in Pain Models: Structure-Activity Relationship and Optimization of Chroman and Indane Aryl Sulfonamides. J Med Chem 2020; 63:6107-6133. [PMID: 32368909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.7 is a genetically validated target for pain. Identification of NaV1.7 inhibitors with all of the desired properties to develop as an oral therapeutic for pain has been a major challenge. Herein, we report systematic structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies carried out to identify novel sulfonamide derivatives as potent, selective, and state-dependent NaV1.7 inhibitors for pain. Scaffold hopping from benzoxazine to chroman and indane bicyclic system followed by thiazole replacement on sulfonamide led to identification of lead molecules with significant improvement in solubility, selectivity over NaV1.5, and CYP2C9 inhibition. The lead molecules 13, 29, 32, 43, and 51 showed a favorable pharmacokinetics (PK) profile across different species and robust efficacy in veratridine and formalin-induced inflammatory pain models in mice. Compound 51 also showed significant effects on the CCI-induced neuropathic pain model. The profile of 51 indicated that it has the potential for further evaluation as a therapeutic for pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Ramdas
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Rashmi Talwar
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Vijay Kanoje
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Rajesh M Loriya
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Moloy Banerjee
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Pradeep Patil
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Advait Arun Joshi
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Laxmikant Datrange
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Amit Kumar Das
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Deepak Sahebrao Walke
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Vaibhav Kalhapure
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Talha Khan
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Ganesh Gote
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Usha Dhayagude
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Shreyas Deshpande
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Javed Shaikh
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Ganesh Chaure
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Ravindra R Pal
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Santosh Parkale
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Sachin Suravase
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Smita Bhoskar
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Rajesh V Gupta
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Anil Kalia
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Rajesh Yeshodharan
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Mahammad Azhar
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Jagadeesh Daler
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Vinod Mali
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Geetika Sharma
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Amitesh Kishore
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Rupali Vyawahare
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Gautam Agarwal
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Himani Pareek
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Sagar Budhe
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Arun Nayak
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Dnyaneshwar Warude
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Gupta
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Parag Joshi
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Sneha Joshi
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Sagar Darekar
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Dilip Pandey
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Akshaya Wagh
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Prashant B Nigade
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Maneesh Mehta
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Vinod Patil
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Dipak Modi
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Shashikant Pawar
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Mahip Verma
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Minakshi Singh
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Sudipto Das
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Jayasagar Gundu
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Kumar Nemmani
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Mark G Bock
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Sharad Sharma
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Dhananjay Bakhle
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Rajender Kumar Kamboj
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Venkata P Palle
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
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14
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Wang JT, Zheng YM, Chen YT, Gu M, Gao ZB, Nan FJ. Discovery of aryl sulfonamide-selective Nav1.7 inhibitors with a highly hydrophobic ethanoanthracene core. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:293-302. [PMID: 31316182 PMCID: PMC7471454 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0267-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nav1.7 channels are mainly distributed in the peripheral nervous system. Blockade of Nav1.7 channels with small-molecule inhibitors in humans might provide pain relief without affecting the central nervous system. Based on the facts that many reported Nav1.7-selective inhibitors contain aryl sulfonamide fragments, as well as a tricyclic antidepressant, maprotiline, has been found to inhibit Nav1.7 channels, we designed and synthesized a series of compounds with ethanoanthracene and aryl sulfonamide moieties. Their inhibitory activity on sodium channels were detected with electrophysiological techniques. We found that compound 10o potently inhibited Nav1.7 channels stably expressed in HEK293 cells (IC50 = 0.64 ± 0.30 nmol/L) and displayed a high Nav1.7/Nav1.5 selectivity. In mouse small-sized dorsal root ganglion neurons, compound 10o (10, 100 nmol/L) dose-dependently decreased the sodium currents and dramatically suppressed depolarizing current-elicited neuronal discharge. Preliminary in vivo experiments showed that compound 10o possessed good analgesic activity: in a mouse visceral pain model, administration of compound 10o (30−100 mg/kg, i.p.) effectively and dose-dependently suppressed acetic acid-induced writhing.
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15
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Guo D, Jenkinson S. Simultaneous assessment of compound activity on cardiac Nav1.5 peak and late currents in an automated patch clamp platform. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2019; 99:106575. [PMID: 30999054 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High throughput in vitro profiling of the cardiac Nav1.5 peak sodium current (INa) is widely used in cardiac safety screening. However, there is no standardized high throughput method to measure late INa. This study assessed the pharmacological and biophysical properties of veratridine and ATX-II, as well as the channel mutation (Nav1.5-∆KPQ) on the late INa. We describe a method for simultaneous measurement of both peak and late INa. METHODS The planar patch clamp technique (QPatch) was applied to record the peak and late INa. RESULTS The Nav1.5-∆KPQ mutant produced a small late INa (41.9 ± 5.4 pA) not large enough to enable compound profiling. In contrast in wild type Nav1.5 expressing cells veratridine (100 μM) and ATX-II (100 nM) enhanced concentration-dependent increases in the late INa (maximum responses of 1162.2 ± 258.5 pA and 392.4 ± 71.3 pA, respectively). Veratridine inhibited, whereas, ATX-II had a minimal effect, on the peak INa and preserved the current-voltage curve. Peak and late INa inhibition was characterized for 25 clinical INa blockers in the presence of ATX-II. Compound IC50 values for peak INa generated in the absence or presence of ATX-II correlated. The potency of the late INa block was found to be dependent on whether it was measured at the end of the depolarizing pulse or during the ramp. DISCUSSION In the presence of ATX-II, both peak and late INa could be assessed simultaneously. Late INa may be best assessed using the maximum response obtained during the ramp of the voltage protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Guo
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., La Jolla, CA 92121, United States of America.
| | - Stephen Jenkinson
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., La Jolla, CA 92121, United States of America
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16
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Zhang F, Zhang C, Xu X, Zhang Y, Gong X, Yang Z, Zhang H, Tang D, Liang S, Liu Z. Naja atra venom peptide reduces pain by selectively blocking the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.8. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:7324-7334. [PMID: 30804211 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.007370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.8 is preferentially expressed in peripheral nociceptive neurons and contributes to inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Therefore, Nav1.8 has emerged as one of the most promising analgesic targets for pain relief. Using large-scale screening of various animal-derived toxins and venoms for Nav1.8 inhibitors, here we identified μ-EPTX-Na1a, a 62-residue three-finger peptide from the venom of the Chinese cobra (Naja atra), as a potent inhibitor of Nav1.8, exhibiting high selectivity over other voltage-gated sodium channel subtypes. Using whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings, we observed that purified μ-EPTX-Na1a blocked the Nav1.8 current. This blockade was associated with a depolarizing shift of activation and repolarizing shift of inactivation, a mechanism distinct from that of any other gating modifier toxin identified to date. In rodent models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain, μ-EPTX-Na1a alleviated nociceptive behaviors more potently than did morphine, indicating that μ-EPTX-Na1a has a potent analgesic effect. μ-EPTX-Na1a displayed no evident cytotoxicity and cardiotoxicity and produced no obvious adverse responses in mice even at a dose 30-fold higher than that producing a significant analgesic effect. Our study establishes μ-EPTX-Na1a as a promising lead for the development of Nav1.8-targeting analgesics to manage pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- From The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 Hunan, China
| | - Changxin Zhang
- From The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 Hunan, China
| | - Xunxun Xu
- From The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 Hunan, China
| | - Yunxiao Zhang
- From The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 Hunan, China
| | - Xue Gong
- From The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 Hunan, China
| | - Zuqin Yang
- From The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 Hunan, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- From The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 Hunan, China
| | - Dongfang Tang
- From The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 Hunan, China
| | - Songping Liang
- From The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 Hunan, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- From The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 Hunan, China
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17
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Chen W, Gan L, Wang Y. Characteristics of hERG and hNav1.5 channel blockade by sulcardine sulfate, a novel anti-arrhythmic compound. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 844:130-138. [PMID: 30529471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sulcardine sulfate (sulcardine) is a novel anti-arrhythmic compound, which blocks multiple channels and was shown to be safe and tolerated in clinical trials. The aim of the present study was to investigate the electrophysiological characteristics of sulcardine on the hERG and hNav1.5 channels. The hERG and hNav1.5 channels were heterologously stably expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells, and the effects of sulcardine on the hERG and hNav1.5 channels were recorded using the standard whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Sulcardine inhibited hERG channels in a concentration-dependent and reversible manner (IC50 = 94.3 μM). In addition, sulcardine shifted the activation curve of hERG channels to more negative potentials. The relative block of sulcardine on hERG channels was close to zero at the time point corresponding to channel opening, which was achieved by applying a depolarizing voltage, and quickly increased afterward. Sulcardine inhibited hNav1.5 channels in a concentration-dependent and reversible manner (IC50 = 15.0 μM) and shifted the inactivation curve of hNav1.5 channels to more negative potentials. The blockade of sulcardine on hNav1.5 channels was use-dependent. In conclusion, sulcardine is a potent hNav1.5 channel blocker with a mild inhibitory effect on hERG channels and preferentially binds to both hERG and hNav1.5 channels in the open and inactivated states rather than in the resting state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lu Gan
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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18
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Wu YJ, Venables B, Guernon J, Chen J, Sit SY, Rajamani R, Knox RJ, Matchett M, Pieschl RL, Herrington J, Bristow LJ, Meanwell NA, Thompson LA, Dzierba C. Discovery of new indole-based acylsulfonamide Na v1.7 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 29:659-663. [PMID: 30638874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Screening of 100 acylsulfonamides from the Bristol-Myers Squibb compound collection identified the C3-cyclohexyl indole 6 as a potent Nav1.7 inhibitor. Replacement of the C2 furanyl ring of 6 with a heteroaryl moiety or truncation of this group led to the identification of 4 analogs with hNav1.7 IC50 values under 50 nM. Fluorine substitution of the truncated compound 12 led to 34 with improved potency and isoform selectivity. The inverted indole 36 also maintained good activity. Both 34 and 36 exhibited favorable CYP inhibition profiles, good membrane permeability and a low efflux ratio and, therefore, represent new leads in the search for potent and selective Nav1.7 inhibitors to treat pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jin Wu
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA.
| | - Brian Venables
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA
| | - Jason Guernon
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA
| | - Jie Chen
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA
| | - Sing-Yuen Sit
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA
| | - Ramkumar Rajamani
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA
| | - Ronald J Knox
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA
| | - Michele Matchett
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA
| | - Rick L Pieschl
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA
| | - James Herrington
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA
| | - Linda J Bristow
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA
| | - Nicholas A Meanwell
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA
| | - Lorin A Thompson
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA
| | - Carolyn Dzierba
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA
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19
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Wu YJ, Guernon J, McClure A, Venables B, Rajamani R, Robbins KJ, Knox RJ, Matchett M, Pieschl RL, Herrington J, Bristow LJ, Meanwell NA, Olson R, Thompson LA, Dzierba C. Discovery of morpholine-based aryl sulfonamides as Na v1.7 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:958-962. [PMID: 29439904 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Replacement of the piperidine ring in the lead benzenesulfonamide Nav1.7 inhibitor 1 with a weakly basic morpholine core resulted in a significant reduction in Nav1.7 inhibitory activity, but the activity was restored by shortening the linkage from methyleneoxy to oxygen. These efforts led to a series of morpholine-based aryl sulfonamides as isoform-selective Nav1.7 inhibitors. This report describes the synthesis and SAR of these analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jin Wu
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA.
| | - Jason Guernon
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA
| | - Andrea McClure
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA
| | - Brian Venables
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA
| | - Ramkumar Rajamani
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA
| | - Kevin J Robbins
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA
| | - Ronald J Knox
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA
| | - Michele Matchett
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA
| | - Rick L Pieschl
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA
| | - James Herrington
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA
| | - Linda J Bristow
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA
| | - Nicholas A Meanwell
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA
| | - Richard Olson
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA
| | - Lorin A Thompson
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA
| | - Carolyn Dzierba
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA
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20
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Streit J, Kleinlogel S. Dynamic all-optical drug screening on cardiac voltage-gated ion channels. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1153. [PMID: 29348631 PMCID: PMC5773578 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19412-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated ion channels (VGCs) are prime targets for the pharmaceutical industry, but drug profiling on VGCs is challenging, since drug interactions are confined to specific conformational channel states mediated by changes in transmembrane potential. Here we combined various optogenetic tools to develop dynamic, high-throughput drug profiling assays with defined light-step protocols to interrogate VGC states on a millisecond timescale. We show that such light-induced electrophysiology (LiEp) yields high-quality pharmacological data with exceptional screening windows for drugs acting on the major cardiac VGCs, including hNav1.5, hKv1.5 and hERG. LiEp-based screening remained robust when using a variety of optogenetic actuators (ChR2, ChR2(H134R), CatCh, ChR2-EYFP-βArchT) and different types of organic (RH421, Di-4-ANBDQPQ, BeRST1) or genetic voltage sensors (QuasAr1). The tractability of LiEp allows a versatile and precise alternative to state-of-the-art VGC drug screening platforms such as automated electrophysiology or FLIPR readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Streit
- Institute of Physiology, University of Bern, Bühlplatz 5, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Kleinlogel
- Institute of Physiology, University of Bern, Bühlplatz 5, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
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21
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Cardiac sodium channel antagonism - Translation of preclinical in vitro assays to clinical QRS prolongation. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2017; 89:9-18. [PMID: 29042254 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiac sodium channel antagonists have historically been used to treat cardiac arrhythmias by preventing the reentry of the electrical impulse that could occur following myocardial damage. However, clinical studies have highlighted a significant increase in mortality associated with such treatment. Cardiac sodium channel antagonist activity is now seen as an off-target pharmacology that should be mitigated during the drug development process. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between in vitro/ex vivo assays that are routinely used to measure Nav1.5 activity and determine the translatability of the individual assays to QRS prolongation in the clinic. METHODS A set of clinical compounds with known Nav1.5 activity was profiled in several in vitro/ex vivo assays (binding, membrane potential, patch clamp and the Langendorff isolated heart). Clinical data comprising compound exposure levels and changes in QRS interval were obtained from the literature. Sensitivity/specificity analysis was performed with respect to the clinical outcome. RESULTS The in vitro assays showed utility in predicting QRS prolongation in the clinic. Optimal thresholds were defined for each assay (binding: IC20; membrane potential: IC10; patch clamp: IC20) and sensitivity (69-88%) and specificity (53-84%) values were shown to be similar between assay formats. DISCUSSION The data provide clear statistical insight into the translatability of Nav1.5 antagonism data generated in vitro to potential clinical outcomes. These results improve our ability to understand the liability posed by such activity in novel development compounds at an early stage.
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22
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Wu YJ, Guernon J, McClure A, Luo G, Rajamani R, Ng A, Easton A, Newton A, Bourin C, Parker D, Mosure K, Barnaby O, Soars MG, Knox RJ, Matchett M, Pieschl R, Herrington J, Chen P, Sivarao D, Bristow LJ, Meanwell NA, Bronson J, Olson R, Thompson LA, Dzierba C. Discovery of non-zwitterionic aryl sulfonamides as Nav1.7 inhibitors with efficacy in preclinical behavioral models and translational measures of nociceptive neuron activation. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5490-5505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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23
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Bergenholm L, Parkinson J, Mettetal J, Evans ND, Chappell MJ, Collins T. Predicting QRS and PR interval prolongations in humans using nonclinical data. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:3268-3283. [PMID: 28675424 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Risk of cardiac conduction slowing (QRS/PR prolongations) is assessed prior to clinical trials using in vitro and in vivo studies. Understanding the quantitative translation of these studies to the clinical situation enables improved risk assessment in the nonclinical phase. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Four compounds that prolong QRS and/or PR (AZD1305, flecainide, quinidine and verapamil) were characterized using in vitro (sodium/calcium channels), in vivo (guinea pigs/dogs) and clinical data. Concentration-matched translational relationships were developed based on in vitro and in vivo modelling, and the in vitro to clinical translation of AZD1305 was quantified using an in vitro model. KEY RESULTS Meaningful (10%) human QRS/PR effects correlated with low levels of in vitro Nav 1.5 block (3-7%) and Cav 1.2 binding (13-21%) for all compounds. The in vitro model developed using AZD1305 successfully predicted QRS/PR effects for the remaining drugs. Meaningful QRS/PR changes in humans correlated with small effects in guinea pigs and dogs (QRS 2.3-4.6% and PR 2.3-10%), suggesting that worst-case human effects can be predicted by assuming four times greater effects at the same concentration from dog/guinea pig data. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Small changes in vitro and in vivo consistently translated to meaningful PR/QRS changes in humans across compounds. Assuming broad applicability of these approaches to assess cardiovascular safety risk for non-arrhythmic drugs, this study provides a means of predicting human QRS/PR effects of new drugs from effects observed in nonclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bergenholm
- Biomedical and Biological Systems Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J Parkinson
- Early Clinical Development, Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J Mettetal
- Safety and ADME Translational Sciences, Drug Safety and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - N D Evans
- Biomedical and Biological Systems Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - M J Chappell
- Biomedical and Biological Systems Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - T Collins
- Safety and ADME Translational Sciences, Drug Safety and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
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24
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Discovery of a biarylamide series of potent, state-dependent NaV1.7 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:3817-3824. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Sparling BA, Yi S, Able J, Bregman H, DiMauro EF, Foti RS, Gao H, Guzman-Perez A, Huang H, Jarosh M, Kornecook T, Ligutti J, Milgram BC, Moyer BD, Youngblood B, Yu VL, Weiss MM. Discovery and hit-to-lead evaluation of piperazine amides as selective, state-dependent Na V1.7 inhibitors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:744-754. [PMID: 30108793 PMCID: PMC6072352 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00578k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
NaV1.7 is a particularly compelling target for the treatment of pain. Herein, we report the discovery and evaluation of a series of piperazine amides that exhibit state-dependent inhibition of NaV1.7. After demonstrating significant pharmacodynamic activity with early lead compound 14 in a NaV1.7-dependent behavioural mouse model, we systematically established SAR trends throughout each sector of the scaffold. The information gleaned from this modular analysis was then applied additively to quickly access analogues that encompass an optimal balance of properties, including NaV1.7 potency, selectivity over NaV1.5, aqueous solubility, and microsomal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Sparling
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street , Cambridge , MA 02142 , USA .
| | - S Yi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street , Cambridge , MA 02142 , USA .
| | - J Able
- Department of Neuroscience , Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive , Thousand Oaks , CA 91320 , USA
| | - H Bregman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street , Cambridge , MA 02142 , USA .
| | - Erin F DiMauro
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street , Cambridge , MA 02142 , USA .
| | - R S Foti
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism , Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street , Cambridge , MA 02142 , USA
| | - H Gao
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street , Cambridge , MA 02142 , USA
| | - A Guzman-Perez
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street , Cambridge , MA 02142 , USA .
| | - H Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street , Cambridge , MA 02142 , USA .
| | - M Jarosh
- Department of Neuroscience , Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street , Cambridge , MA 02142 , USA
| | - T Kornecook
- Department of Neuroscience , Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive , Thousand Oaks , CA 91320 , USA
| | - J Ligutti
- Department of Neuroscience , Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive , Thousand Oaks , CA 91320 , USA
| | - B C Milgram
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street , Cambridge , MA 02142 , USA .
| | - B D Moyer
- Department of Neuroscience , Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive , Thousand Oaks , CA 91320 , USA
| | - B Youngblood
- Department of Neuroscience , Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive , Thousand Oaks , CA 91320 , USA
| | - V L Yu
- Department of Neuroscience , Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street , Cambridge , MA 02142 , USA
| | - M M Weiss
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street , Cambridge , MA 02142 , USA .
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26
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Wu YJ, Guernon J, Shi J, Ditta J, Robbins KJ, Rajamani R, Easton A, Newton A, Bourin C, Mosure K, Soars MG, Knox RJ, Matchett M, Pieschl RL, Post-Munson DJ, Wang S, Herrington J, Graef J, Newberry K, Bristow LJ, Meanwell NA, Olson R, Thompson LA, Dzierba C. Development of New Benzenesulfonamides As Potent and Selective Na v1.7 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Pain. J Med Chem 2017; 60:2513-2525. [PMID: 28234467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
By taking advantage of certain features in piperidine 4, we developed a novel series of cyclohexylamine- and piperidine-based benzenesulfonamides as potent and selective Nav1.7 inhibitors. However, compound 24, one of the early analogs, failed to reduce phase 2 flinching in the mouse formalin test even at a dose of 100 mpk PO due to insufficient dorsal root ganglion (DRG) exposure attributed to poor membrane permeability. Two analogs with improved membrane permeability showed much increased DRG concentrations at doses of 30 mpk PO, but, confoundingly, only one of these was effective in the formalin test. More data are needed to understand the disconnect between efficacy and exposure relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jin Wu
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Jason Guernon
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Jianliang Shi
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Jonathan Ditta
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Kevin J Robbins
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Ramkumar Rajamani
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Amy Easton
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Amy Newton
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Clotilde Bourin
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Kathleen Mosure
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Matthew G Soars
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Ronald J Knox
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Michele Matchett
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Rick L Pieschl
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Debra J Post-Munson
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Shuya Wang
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - James Herrington
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - John Graef
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Kimberly Newberry
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Linda J Bristow
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Nicholas A Meanwell
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Richard Olson
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Lorin A Thompson
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Carolyn Dzierba
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
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27
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Marx IE, Dineen TA, Able J, Bode C, Bregman H, Chu-Moyer M, DiMauro EF, Du B, Foti RS, Fremeau RT, Gao H, Gunaydin H, Hall BE, Huang L, Kornecook T, Kreiman CR, La DS, Ligutti J, Lin MHJ, Liu D, McDermott JS, Moyer BD, Peterson EA, Roberts JT, Rose P, Wang J, Youngblood BD, Yu V, Weiss MM. Sulfonamides as Selective Na V1.7 Inhibitors: Optimizing Potency and Pharmacokinetics to Enable in Vivo Target Engagement. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:1062-1067. [PMID: 27994738 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human genetic evidence has identified the voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.7 as an attractive target for the treatment of pain. We initially identified naphthalene sulfonamide 3 as a potent and selective inhibitor of NaV1.7. Optimization to reduce biliary clearance by balancing hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity (Log D) while maintaining NaV1.7 potency led to the identification of quinazoline 16 (AM-2099). Compound 16 demonstrated a favorable pharmacokinetic profile in rat and dog and demonstrated dose-dependent reduction of histamine-induced scratching bouts in a mouse behavioral model following oral dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac E. Marx
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular Engineering, §Department of Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, ∥Department of Neuroscience, and ⊥Department of Biologics, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand
Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Thomas A. Dineen
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular Engineering, §Department of Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, ∥Department of Neuroscience, and ⊥Department of Biologics, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand
Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Jessica Able
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular Engineering, §Department of Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, ∥Department of Neuroscience, and ⊥Department of Biologics, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand
Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Christiane Bode
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular Engineering, §Department of Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, ∥Department of Neuroscience, and ⊥Department of Biologics, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand
Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Howard Bregman
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular Engineering, §Department of Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, ∥Department of Neuroscience, and ⊥Department of Biologics, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand
Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Margaret Chu-Moyer
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular Engineering, §Department of Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, ∥Department of Neuroscience, and ⊥Department of Biologics, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand
Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Erin F. DiMauro
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular Engineering, §Department of Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, ∥Department of Neuroscience, and ⊥Department of Biologics, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand
Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Bingfan Du
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular Engineering, §Department of Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, ∥Department of Neuroscience, and ⊥Department of Biologics, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand
Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Robert S. Foti
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular Engineering, §Department of Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, ∥Department of Neuroscience, and ⊥Department of Biologics, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand
Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Robert T. Fremeau
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular Engineering, §Department of Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, ∥Department of Neuroscience, and ⊥Department of Biologics, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand
Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Hua Gao
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular Engineering, §Department of Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, ∥Department of Neuroscience, and ⊥Department of Biologics, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand
Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Hakan Gunaydin
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular Engineering, §Department of Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, ∥Department of Neuroscience, and ⊥Department of Biologics, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand
Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Brian E. Hall
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular Engineering, §Department of Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, ∥Department of Neuroscience, and ⊥Department of Biologics, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand
Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Liyue Huang
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular Engineering, §Department of Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, ∥Department of Neuroscience, and ⊥Department of Biologics, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand
Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Thomas Kornecook
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular Engineering, §Department of Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, ∥Department of Neuroscience, and ⊥Department of Biologics, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand
Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Charles R. Kreiman
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular Engineering, §Department of Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, ∥Department of Neuroscience, and ⊥Department of Biologics, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand
Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Daniel S. La
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular Engineering, §Department of Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, ∥Department of Neuroscience, and ⊥Department of Biologics, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand
Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Joseph Ligutti
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular Engineering, §Department of Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, ∥Department of Neuroscience, and ⊥Department of Biologics, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand
Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Min-Hwa Jasmine Lin
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular Engineering, §Department of Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, ∥Department of Neuroscience, and ⊥Department of Biologics, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand
Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular Engineering, §Department of Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, ∥Department of Neuroscience, and ⊥Department of Biologics, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand
Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Jeff S. McDermott
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular Engineering, §Department of Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, ∥Department of Neuroscience, and ⊥Department of Biologics, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand
Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Bryan D. Moyer
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular Engineering, §Department of Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, ∥Department of Neuroscience, and ⊥Department of Biologics, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand
Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Emily A. Peterson
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular Engineering, §Department of Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, ∥Department of Neuroscience, and ⊥Department of Biologics, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand
Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Jonathan T. Roberts
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular Engineering, §Department of Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, ∥Department of Neuroscience, and ⊥Department of Biologics, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand
Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Paul Rose
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular Engineering, §Department of Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, ∥Department of Neuroscience, and ⊥Department of Biologics, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand
Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Jean Wang
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular Engineering, §Department of Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, ∥Department of Neuroscience, and ⊥Department of Biologics, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand
Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Beth D. Youngblood
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular Engineering, §Department of Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, ∥Department of Neuroscience, and ⊥Department of Biologics, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand
Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Violeta Yu
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular Engineering, §Department of Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, ∥Department of Neuroscience, and ⊥Department of Biologics, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand
Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Matthew M. Weiss
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular Engineering, §Department of Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, ∥Department of Neuroscience, and ⊥Department of Biologics, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand
Oaks, California 91320, United States
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Bergenholm L, Collins T, Evans ND, Chappell MJ, Parkinson J. PKPD modelling of PR and QRS intervals in conscious dogs using standard safety pharmacology data. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2016; 79:34-44. [PMID: 26780675 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) modelling can improve safety assessment, but few PKPD models describing drug-induced QRS and PR prolongations have been published. This investigation aims to develop and evaluate PKPD models for describing QRS and PR effects in routine safety studies. METHODS Exposure and telemetry data from safety pharmacology studies in conscious beagle dogs were acquired. Mixed effects baseline and PK-QRS/PR models were developed for the anti-arrhythmic compounds AZD1305, flecainide, quinidine and verapamil and the anti-muscarinic compounds AZD8683 and AZD9164. RR interval correction and circadian rhythms were investigated for predicting baseline variability. Individual PK predictions were used to drive the pharmacological effects evaluating linear and non-linear direct and effect compartment models. RESULTS Conduction slowing induced by the tested anti-arrhythmics was direct and proportional at low exposures, whilst time delays and non-linear effects were evident for the tested anti-muscarinics. AZD1305, flecainide and quinidine induced QRS widening with 4.2, 10 and 5.6% μM(-1) unbound drug. AZD1305 and flecainide also prolonged PR with 13.5 and 11.5% μM(-1). PR prolongations induced by the anti-muscarinics and verapamil were best described by Emax models with maximal effects ranging from 55 to 95%. RR interval correction and circadian rhythm improved PR but not QRS modelling. However, circadian rhythm had minor impact on estimated drug effects. DISCUSSION Baseline and drug-induced effects on QRS and PR intervals can be effectively described with PKPD models using routine data, providing quantitative safety information to support drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnéa Bergenholm
- Biomedical & Biological Systems Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Teresa Collins
- Translational Safety, Drug Safety and Metabolism, iMED, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Neil D Evans
- Biomedical & Biological Systems Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Michael J Chappell
- Biomedical & Biological Systems Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Joanna Parkinson
- Early Clinical Development, Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, iMED, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
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Zou B. Ion channel profiling to advance drug discovery and development. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2015; 18:18-23. [PMID: 26723888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In vitro pharmacological profiling provides crucial information to eliminate drug candidates with potential toxicity early in drug discovery and reduce failure in later stages. It has become a common practice in industry to test lead compounds against a panel of ion channel targets for selectivity and safety liability at early drug discovery stages. Ion channel profiling technologies include binding assays, flux assays, fluorescent membrane potential assays, automated and conventional electrophysiology. Instead of examining compound effects on individual ion channel targets, automated current clamp, optical electrophysiology, and multi-electrode assays have evolved to investigate the integrated compound effects on cardiac myocytes. This review aims to provide an overview of ion channel profiling for cardiac safety and comparisons of various technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beiyan Zou
- Molecular Devices LLC, 1311 Orleans Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94089, United States.
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Gintant G. In Vitro Early Safety Pharmacology Screening: Perspectives Related to Cardiovascular Safety. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2015; 229:47-64. [PMID: 26091635 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-46943-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In vitro screening for cardiovascular safety liabilities of novel drug candidates presents a challenge for the pharmaceutical industry. Such approaches rely on detecting pharmacologic effects on key components of complex integrated system early in drug discovery to define potential safety liabilities. Key to such studies are the concepts of hazard identification vs. risk assessment, drug specificity vs. selectivity, and an appreciation of the challenges faced when attempting to translate in vitro findings to preclinical in vivo as well as clinical effects. This chapter defines some key aspects of early safety pharmacology screening for cardiovascular liabilities, citing studies of two key depolarizing cardiac currents (fast sodium current and L-type calcium current) as examples linked to effects on cardiac conduction and repolarization.
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Gintant G. Cardiac Sodium Current (Na v1.5). METHODS AND PRINCIPLES IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527673643.ch12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Characterization of an anesthetized dog model of transient cardiac ischemia and rapid pacing: A pilot study for preclinical assessment of the potential for proarrhythmic risk of novel drug candidates. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2015; 72:72-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Zhang H, Zou B, Du F, Xu K, Li M. Reporting sodium channel activity using calcium flux: pharmacological promiscuity of cardiac Nav1.5. Mol Pharmacol 2014; 87:207-17. [PMID: 25422141 DOI: 10.1124/mol.114.094789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels are essential for membrane excitability and represent therapeutic targets for treating human diseases. Recent reports suggest that these channels, e.g., Nav1.3 and Nav1.5, are inhibited by multiple structurally distinctive small molecule drugs. These studies give reason to wonder whether these drugs collectively target a single site or multiple sites in manifesting such pharmacological promiscuity. We thus investigate the pharmacological profile of Nav1.5 through systemic analysis of its sensitivity to diverse compound collections. Here, we report a dual-color fluorescent method that exploits a customized Nav1.5 [calcium permeable Nav channel, subtype 5 (SoCal5)] with engineered-enhanced calcium permeability. SoCal5 retains wild-type (WT) Nav1.5 pharmacological profiles. WT SoCal5 and SoCal5 with the local anesthetics binding site mutated (F1760A) could be expressed in separate cells, each with a different-colored genetically encoded calcium sensor, which allows a simultaneous report of compound activity and site dependence. The pharmacological profile of SoCal5 reveals a hit rate (>50% inhibition) of around 13% at 10 μM, comparable to that of hERG. The channel activity is susceptible to blockage by known drugs and structurally diverse compounds. The broad inhibition profile is highly dependent on the F1760 residue in the inner cavity, which is a residue conserved among all nine subtypes of Nav channels. Both promiscuity and dependence on F1760 seen in Nav1.5 were replicated in Nav1.4. Our evidence of a broad inhibition profile of Nav channels suggests a need to consider off-target effects on Nav channels. The site-dependent promiscuity forms a foundation to better understand Nav channels and compound interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkang Zhang
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, High Throughput Biology Center (H.Z., B.Z., F.D., K.X., M.L.); Johns Hopkins Ion Channel Center (H.Z., B.Z., F.D., K.X., M.L.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania (M.L.)
| | - Beiyan Zou
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, High Throughput Biology Center (H.Z., B.Z., F.D., K.X., M.L.); Johns Hopkins Ion Channel Center (H.Z., B.Z., F.D., K.X., M.L.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania (M.L.)
| | - Fang Du
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, High Throughput Biology Center (H.Z., B.Z., F.D., K.X., M.L.); Johns Hopkins Ion Channel Center (H.Z., B.Z., F.D., K.X., M.L.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania (M.L.)
| | - Kaiping Xu
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, High Throughput Biology Center (H.Z., B.Z., F.D., K.X., M.L.); Johns Hopkins Ion Channel Center (H.Z., B.Z., F.D., K.X., M.L.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania (M.L.)
| | - Min Li
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, High Throughput Biology Center (H.Z., B.Z., F.D., K.X., M.L.); Johns Hopkins Ion Channel Center (H.Z., B.Z., F.D., K.X., M.L.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania (M.L.).
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Caruso A, Frances N, Meille C, Greiter-Wilke A, Hillebrecht A, Lavé T. Translational PK/PD modeling for cardiovascular safety assessment of drug candidates: Methods and examples in drug development. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2014; 70:73-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Sällström J, Al-Saffar A, Pehrson R. Pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic modeling of QRS-prolongation by flecainide: Heart rate-dependent effects during sinus rhythm in conscious telemetered dogs. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2014; 69:24-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Comparative effects of sodium channel blockers in short term rat whole embryo culture. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 272:306-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Human embryonic stem cell derived cardiac myocytes detect hERG-mediated repolarization effects, but not Nav1.5 induced depolarization delay. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2013; 68:74-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Reducing safety-related drug attrition: the use of in vitro pharmacological profiling. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd3845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 470] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Goineau S, Castagné V, Guillaume P, Froget G. The comparative sensitivity of three in vitro safety pharmacology models for the detection of lidocaine-induced cardiac effects. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2012; 66:52-8. [PMID: 22691624 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the current ICH S7B guideline, in vitro evaluation of proarrhythmic liability is limited to the risk of QT interval prolongation, whilst the effect of new chemical entities on cardiac conductivity is often overlooked. The aim of this work was to compare the effects of the sodium channel blocker, lidocaine in three in vitro safety pharmacology models: hNa(v)1.5 channel test, atrial action potential (AP) and Purkinje fiber AP and to identify the most sensitive model for detecting cardiac conduction slowing. METHODS Whole-cell patch-clamp methods were used to record the sodium current (I(Na)) encoded by hNa(v)1.5 in stably transfected HEK293 cells at ambient temperature. Transmembrane APs were recorded in rabbit Purkinje fibers and rabbit and guinea-pig left stimulated atria at physiological temperature. Parameters involved in depolarization or repolarization were reported. RESULTS Lidocaine (from 10 to 1000 μM) decreased the amplitude of I(Na) (IC(50): 256±37 μM) in a concentration-dependent manner. In the Purkinje fiber assay, lidocaine (10, 30 and 100 μM) had no effects on maximal upstroke velocity (Vmax), but shortened AP duration at 90% repolarization (APD(90)). At 30 and 100 μM, lidocaine also increased AP triangulation. In guinea-pig atria, lidocaine decreased Vmax starting from 30 μM and conduction velocity (CV) at 100 μM, but had no effects on other parameters. In rabbit atria, lidocaine decreased Vmax and CV at 100 μM without affecting APD(90). The effects of 100 μM lidocaine on Vmax and CV were more marked in rabbit than in guinea-pig atria. CONCLUSION Rabbit atria are more sensitive than rabbit Purkinje fibers or guinea-pig atria for detecting lidocaine-induced cardiac conduction slowing. These data suggest that isolated rabbit atria in addition to the hNa(v)1.5 channel assay could be relevant models to predict drug-induced conduction slowing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Goineau
- Porsolt, ZA de Glatigné, 53940 Le Genest-Saint-Isle, France.
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