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Lui A, Do T, Alzayat O, Yu N, Phyu S, Santuya HJ, Liang B, Kailash V, Liu D, Inslicht SS, Shahlaie K, Liu D. Tumor Suppressor MicroRNAs in Clinical and Preclinical Trials for Neurological Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:426. [PMID: 38675388 PMCID: PMC11054060 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancers and neurological disorders are two major types of diseases in humans. We developed the concept called the "Aberrant Cell Cycle Disease (ACCD)" due to the accumulating evidence that shows that two different diseases share the common mechanism of aberrant cell cycle re-entry. The aberrant cell cycle re-entry is manifested as kinase/oncoprotein activation and tumor suppressor (TS) inactivation, which are associated with both tumor growth in cancers and neuronal death in neurological disorders. Therefore, some cancer therapies (e.g., kinase/oncogene inhibition and TS elevation) can be leveraged for neurological treatments. MicroRNA (miR/miRNA) provides a new style of drug-target binding. For example, a single tumor suppressor miRNA (TS-miR/miRNA) can bind to and decrease tens of target kinases/oncogenes, producing much more robust efficacy to block cell cycle re-entry than inhibiting a single kinase/oncogene. In this review, we summarize the miRNAs that are altered in both cancers and neurological disorders, with an emphasis on miRNA drugs that have entered into clinical trials for neurological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Lui
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (A.L.); (V.K.)
| | - Timothy Do
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (A.L.); (V.K.)
| | - Omar Alzayat
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (A.L.); (V.K.)
| | - Nina Yu
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (A.L.); (V.K.)
| | - Su Phyu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Hillary Joy Santuya
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (A.L.); (V.K.)
| | - Benjamin Liang
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (A.L.); (V.K.)
| | - Vidur Kailash
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (A.L.); (V.K.)
| | - Dewey Liu
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (A.L.); (V.K.)
| | - Sabra S. Inslicht
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Kiarash Shahlaie
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - DaZhi Liu
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (A.L.); (V.K.)
- Mirnova Therapeutics Inc., Davis, CA 95618, USA
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Chen S, Huang M, Xu D, Li M. Epigenetic regulation in epilepsy: A novel mechanism and therapeutic strategy for epilepsy. Neurochem Int 2024; 173:105657. [PMID: 38145842 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures with excessive and abnormal neuronal discharges. Epileptogenesis is usually involved in neuropathological processes such as ion channel dysfunction, neuronal injury, inflammatory response, synaptic plasticity, gliocyte proliferation and mossy fiber sprouting, currently the pathogenesis of epilepsy is not yet completely understood. A growing body of studies have shown that epigenetic regulation, such as histone modifications, DNA methylation, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and restrictive element-1 silencing transcription factor/neuron-restrictive silencing factor (REST/NRSF) are also involved in epilepsy. Through epigenetic studies, we found that the synaptic dysfunction, nerve damage, cognitive dysfunction and brain development abnormalities are affected by epigenetic regulation of epilepsy-related genes in patients with epilepsy. However, the functional roles of epigenetics in pathogenesis and treatment of epilepsy are still to be explored. Therefore, profiling the array of genes that are epigenetically dysregulated in epileptogenesis is likely to advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of epilepsy and may for the amelioration of these serious human conditions provide novel insight into therapeutic strategies and diagnostic biomarkers for epilepsy to improve serious human condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Ming Huang
- Department of Neurology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Da Xu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
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Hansen SN, Holm A, Kauppinen S, Klitgaard H. RNA therapeutics for epilepsy: An emerging modality for drug discovery. Epilepsia 2023; 64:3113-3129. [PMID: 37703096 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Drug discovery in epilepsy began with the finding of potassium bromide by Sir Charles Locock in 1857. The following century witnessed the introduction of phenotypic screening tests for discovering antiseizure medications (ASMs). Despite the high success rate of developing ASMs, they have so far failed in eliminating drug resistance and in delivering disease-modifying treatments. This emphasizes the need for new drug discovery strategies in epilepsy. RNA-based drugs have recently shown promise as a new modality with the potential of providing disease modification and counteracting drug resistance in epilepsy. RNA therapeutics can be directed either toward noncoding RNAs, such as microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), and circular RNAs, or toward messenger RNAs. The former show promise in sporadic, nongenetic epilepsies, as interference with ncRNAs allows for modulation of entire disease pathways, whereas the latter seem more promising in monogenic childhood epilepsies. Here, we describe therapeutic strategies for modulating disease-associated RNA molecules and highlight the potential of RNA therapeutics for the treatment of different patient populations such as sporadic, drug-resistant epilepsy, and childhood monogenic epilepsies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anja Holm
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for RNA Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sakari Kauppinen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for RNA Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Yu C, Deng XJ, Xu D. Microglia in epilepsy. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 185:106249. [PMID: 37536386 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of most common chronic neurological disorders, and the antiseizure medications developed by targeting neurocentric mechanisms have not effectively reduced the proportion of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Further exploration of the cellular or molecular mechanism of epilepsy is expected to provide new options for treatment. Recently, more and more researches focus on brain network components other than neurons, among which microglia have attracted much attention for their diverse biological functions. As the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, microglia have highly plastic transcription, morphology and functional characteristics, which can change dynamically in a context-dependent manner during the progression of epilepsy. In the pathogenesis of epilepsy, highly reactive microglia interact with other components in the epileptogenic network by performing crucial functions such as secretion of soluble factors and phagocytosis, thus continuously reshaping the landscape of the epileptic brain microenvironment. Indeed, microglia appear to be both pro-epileptic and anti-epileptic under the different spatiotemporal contexts of disease, rendering interventions targeting microglia biologically complex and challenging. This comprehensive review critically summarizes the pathophysiological role of microglia in epileptic brain homeostasis alterations and explores potential therapeutic or modulatory targets for epilepsy targeting microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China
| | - Xue-Jun Deng
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China
| | - Da Xu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China.
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Çarman KB, Tekin HG, Çavuşoğlu D, Yarar C, Kaplan E, Karademir CN, Arslantaş D. Evaluation of MicroRNAs in Pediatric Epilepsy. Turk Arch Pediatr 2023; 58:429-435. [PMID: 37357458 PMCID: PMC10441094 DOI: 10.5152/turkarchpediatr.2023.22320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pathophysiology of epilepsy remains unknown. Recent research has shown that microRNA expression changes in epileptic adults. In the present work, we aimed to identify serum microRNA expression in drug-responsive and resistant children with idiopathic general- ized epilepsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 43 (20 male and 23 female) epilepsy patients and 66 (43 male and 23 female) control subjects. The mean ages of the groups were 113.41 ± 61.83 and 105.46 ± 62.31 months, respectively. Twenty-eight epileptic patients were classi- fied as drug resistant. Thirteen of the controls were the siblings of patients with epilepsy. The study only included children with idiopathic generalized epilepsy who had normal brain mag- netic resonance imaging. The serum microRNA expressions (microRNA-181a, microRNA-155, microRNA-146, and microRNA-223) were investigated. Expressions of serum microRNA-181a, microRNA-155, microRNA-146, and microRNA-223 were previously investigated in epilepsy patients and children with febrile seizures. Therefore, these microRNAs were chosen. The expressions of serum levels of microRNAs were determined using quantitative real-time poly- merase chain reaction. RESULTS The results indicated that the expressions of serum microRNA-155 and microRNA-223 were elevated in epileptic children (P < .05). The expression of the same microRNAs was also elevated in individuals with drug-resistant epilepsy compared to healthy controls (P < .05). microRNA-146a, microRNA-155, and microRNA-223 expressions were higher in drug-resistant patients than in drug-responsive children (P < .05). A logistic regression study determined that an increase of microRNA-155 was a risk for epilepsy, while a decrease of microRNA-146a risk for epilepsy. CONCLUSION Few researchers have investigated the function of microRNAs in the develop- ment of childhood epilepsy. Our findings revealed that epilepsy patients have abnormal microRNAexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kürşat Bora Çarman
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Hande Gazeteci Tekin
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Bakırçay University, Training Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Dilek Çavuşoğlu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Afyon University of Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Coşkun Yarar
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Emre Kaplan
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Cefa Nil Karademir
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Didem Arslantaş
- Department of Public Health, Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Rastegar-Moghaddam SH, Ebrahimzadeh-Bideskan A, Shahba S, Malvandi AM, Mohammadipour A. Roles of the miR-155 in Neuroinflammation and Neurological Disorders: A Potent Biological and Therapeutic Target. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:455-467. [PMID: 35107690 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01200-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the development and progression of neurological disorders. MicroRNA-155 (miR-155), a miR is known to play in inflammatory responses, is associated with susceptibility to inflammatory neurological disorders and neurodegeneration, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis as well as epilepsy, stroke, and brain malignancies. MiR-155 damages the central nervous system (CNS) by enhancing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, like IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IRF3. It also disturbs the blood-brain barrier by decreasing junctional complex molecules such as claudin-1, annexin-2, syntenin-1, and dedicator of cytokinesis 1 (DOCK-1), a hallmark of many neurological disorders. This review discusses the molecular pathways which involve miR-155 as a critical component in the progression of neurological disorders, representing miR-155 as a viable therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hamidreza Rastegar-Moghaddam
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 91779-48564, Mashhad, Iran.,Applied Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Ebrahimzadeh-Bideskan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 91779-48564, Mashhad, Iran.,Applied Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sara Shahba
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Amir Mohammad Malvandi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi, 4, 20161, Milan, Italy.
| | - Abbas Mohammadipour
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 91779-48564, Mashhad, Iran.
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Abdolahi S, Zare-Chahoki A, Noorbakhsh F, Gorji A. A Review of Molecular Interplay between Neurotrophins and miRNAs in Neuropsychological Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6260-6280. [PMID: 35916975 PMCID: PMC9463196 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02966-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Various neurotrophins (NTs), including nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3, and neurotrophin-4, promote cellular differentiation, survival, and maintenance, as well as synaptic plasticity, in the peripheral and central nervous system. The function of microRNAs (miRNAs) and other small non-coding RNAs, as regulators of gene expression, is pivotal for the appropriate control of cell growth and differentiation. There are positive and negative loops between NTs and miRNAs, which exert modulatory effects on different signaling pathways. The interplay between NTs and miRNAs plays a crucial role in the regulation of several physiological and pathological brain procedures. Emerging evidence suggests the diagnostic and therapeutic roles of the interactions between NTs and miRNAs in several neuropsychological disorders, including epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, and drug abuse. Here, we review current data regarding the regulatory interactions between NTs and miRNAs in neuropsychological disorders, for which novel diagnostic and/or therapeutic strategies are emerging. Targeting NTs-miRNAs interactions for diagnostic or therapeutic approaches needs to be validated by future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abdolahi
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Zare-Chahoki
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Farshid Noorbakhsh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Gorji
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany.
- Department of Neurology and Institute for Translational Neurology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany.
- Epilepsy Research Center, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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Chronic partial TrkB activation reduces seizures and mortality in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2022726119. [PMID: 35165147 PMCID: PMC8851461 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022726119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Dravet syndrome (DS) is a severe childhood epileptic encephalopathy characterized by intractable seizures and comorbidities, including a high rate of premature mortality. DS is mainly caused by loss-of-function mutations of the Scn1a gene encoding sodium channel Nav1.1 that is predominantly expressed in inhibitory parvalbumin-containing (PV) interneurons. Decreased Nav1.1 impairs PV cell function, causing DS phenotypes. Effective pharmacological therapy targeting defective PV interneurons is currently not available. This study demonstrated that early treatment with a partial TrkB receptor agonist, LM22A-4, increased Nav1.1 expression, improved PV interneuron function, and reduced seizure occurrence and mortality rate in DS mice, suggesting a potential therapy for DS. Dravet syndrome (DS) is one of the most severe childhood epilepsies, characterized by intractable seizures and comorbidities including cognitive and social dysfunction and high premature mortality. DS is mainly caused by loss-of-function mutations in the Scn1a gene encoding Nav1.1 that is predominantly expressed in inhibitory parvalbumin-containing (PV) interneurons. Decreased Nav1.1 impairs PV cell function, contributing to DS phenotypes. Effective pharmacological therapy that targets defective PV interneurons is not available. The known role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the development and maintenance of interneurons, together with our previous results showing improved PV interneuronal function and antiepileptogenic effects of a TrkB receptor agonist in a posttraumatic epilepsy model, led to the hypothesis that early treatment with a TrkB receptor agonist might prevent or reduce seizure activity in DS mice. To test this hypothesis, we treated DS mice with LM22A-4 (LM), a partial agonist at the BDNF TrkB receptor, for 7 d starting at postnatal day 13 (P13), before the onset of spontaneous seizures. Results from immunohistochemistry, Western blot, whole-cell patch-clamp recording, and in vivo seizure monitoring showed that LM treatment increased the number of perisomatic PV interneuronal synapses around cortical pyramidal cells in layer V, upregulated Nav1.1 in PV neurons, increased inhibitory synaptic transmission, and decreased seizures and the mortality rate in DS mice. The results suggest that early treatment with a partial TrkB receptor agonist may be a promising therapeutic approach to enhance PV interneuron function and reduce epileptogenesis and premature death in DS.
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Hussen BM, Abak A, Taheri M, Jalili Khoshnoud R. Aberrant expression of miRNAs in epilepsy. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:5057-5074. [PMID: 35088379 PMCID: PMC9262756 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07188-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is manifested by intermittent convulsions and alterations in consciousness. This disorder has serious effects on daily functions and physical and mental health of affected patients. A variety of temporary irregularities in the function of brain can results in epilepsy. The molecular mechanism of epilepsy and the underlying causes of abnormal apoptotic responses in neurons, dysregulation of regenerative mechanisms in glial cells and abnormal immune reactions in the context of epilepsy are not clear. microRNAs (miRNAs) as important regulators of cell apoptosis as well as regenerative and immune responses have been shown to affect pathologic events in epilepsy. In the current review, we aimed at defining the role of miRNAs in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. We have listed dysregulated miRNAs in animal models of epilepsy and human subjects. miR-25-3p, miR-494, miR-139-5p, miR-101a-3p, miR-344a, miR-129, miR-298 and miR-187 are among down-regulated miRNAs in epilepsy. Moreover, expressions of miR-132, miR-146a, miR-181a and miR-155 have been reported to be increased in epilepsy. A number of genetic variants within miRNAs can affect risk of epilepsy. We discuss the role of miRNAs in the development of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
- Center of Research and Strategic Studies, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Atefe Abak
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Jalili Khoshnoud
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Aggio-Bruce R, Chu-Tan JA, Wooff Y, Cioanca AV, Schumann U, Natoli R. Inhibition of microRNA-155 Protects Retinal Function Through Attenuation of Inflammation in Retinal Degeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:835-854. [PMID: 33037565 PMCID: PMC7843561 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02158-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Although extensively investigated in inflammatory conditions, the role of pro-inflammatory microRNAs (miRNAs), miR-155 and miR-146a, has not been well-studied in retinal degenerative diseases. We therefore aimed to explore the role and regulation of these miRNA in the degenerating retina, with a focus on miR-155. C57BL/6J mice were subjected to photo-oxidative damage for up to 5 days to induce focal retinal degeneration. MiR-155 expression was quantified by qRT-PCR in whole retina, serum, and small-medium extracellular vesicles (s-mEVs), and a PrimeFlow™ assay was used to identify localisation of miR-155 in retinal cells. Constitutive miR-155 knockout (KO) mice and miR-155 and miR-146a inhibitors were utilised to determine the role of these miRNA in the degenerating retina. Electroretinography was employed as a measure of retinal function, while histological quantification of TUNEL+ and IBA1+ positive cells was used to quantify photoreceptor cell death and infiltrating immune cells, respectively. Upregulation of miR-155 was detected in retinal tissue, serum and s-mEVs in response to photo-oxidative damage, localising to the nucleus of a subset of retinal ganglion cells and glial cells and in the cytoplasm of photoreceptors. Inhibition of miR-155 showed increased function from negative controls and a less pathological pattern of IBA1+ cell localisation and morphology at 5 days photo-oxidative damage. While neither dim-reared nor damaged miR-155 KO animals showed retinal histological difference from controls, following photo-oxidative damage, miR-155 KO mice showed increased a-wave relative to controls. We therefore consider miR-155 to be associated with the inflammatory response of the retina in response to photoreceptor-specific degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riemke Aggio-Bruce
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Garran Road, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601 Australia
- The Australian National University Medical School, Mills Road, Australian Capital Territory, Acton, 2601 Australia
| | - Joshua A. Chu-Tan
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Garran Road, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601 Australia
- The Australian National University Medical School, Mills Road, Australian Capital Territory, Acton, 2601 Australia
| | - Yvette Wooff
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Garran Road, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601 Australia
- The Australian National University Medical School, Mills Road, Australian Capital Territory, Acton, 2601 Australia
| | - Adrian V. Cioanca
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Garran Road, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601 Australia
| | - Ulrike Schumann
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Garran Road, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601 Australia
| | - Riccardo Natoli
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Garran Road, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601 Australia
- The Australian National University Medical School, Mills Road, Australian Capital Territory, Acton, 2601 Australia
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Feng Y, Yang H, Yue Y, Tian F. MicroRNAs and target genes in epileptogenesis. Epilepsia 2020; 61:2086-2096. [PMID: 32944964 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic brain dysfunction. Current antiepileptic medicines cannot prevent epileptogenesis. Increasing data have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) are selectively altered within the epileptic hippocampi of experimental models and human tissues, and these alterations affect the genes that control epileptogenesis. Furthermore, manipulation of miRNAs in animal models can modify epileptogenesis. As a result, miRNAs have been proposed as promising targets for treating epilepsy. We searched PubMed using the terms "microRNAs/miRNAs AND epilepsy", "microRNAs/miRNAs AND epileptogenesis", and "microRNAs/miRNAs AND seizure". We selected the articles in which the relationship between miRNAs and target gene(s) was validated and manipulation of miRNAs in in vivo epilepsy models modified epileptogenesis during the chronic phase via gene regulation. A total of 13 miRNAs were found in the present review. Based on the current analysis of miRNAs and their target gene(s), each miRNA has limitations as a potential epilepsy target. Importantly, miR-211 or miR-128 transgenic mice displayed seizures. These findings highlight new developments for epileptogenesis prevention. Developing novel strategies to modify epileptogenesis will be effective in curing epilepsy patients. This article provides an overview of the clinical application of miRNAs as novel targets for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haojun Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yinyan Yue
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fafa Tian
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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12
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Gu F, Parada I, Yang T, Longo FM, Prince DA. Partial Activation of TrkB Receptors Corrects Interneuronal Calcium Channel Dysfunction and Reduces Epileptogenic Activity in Neocortex following Injury. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:5180-5189. [PMID: 32488246 PMCID: PMC7391412 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreased GABAergic inhibition due to dysfunction of inhibitory interneurons plays an important role in post-traumatic epileptogenesis. Reduced N-current Ca2+ channel function in GABAergic terminals contributes to interneuronal abnormalities and neural circuit hyperexcitability in the partial neocortical isolation (undercut, UC) model of post-traumatic epileptogenesis. Because brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) supports the development and maintenance of interneurons, we hypothesized that the activation of BDNF tropomyosin kinase B (TrkB) receptors by a small molecule, TrkB partial agonist, PTX BD4-3 (BD), would correct N channel abnormalities and enhance inhibitory synaptic transmission in UC cortex. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and western blots were used to quantify N- and P/Q-type channels. We recorded evoked (e)IPSCs and responses to N and P/Q channel blockers to determine the effects of BD on channel function. Field potential recordings were used to determine the effects of BD on circuit hyperexcitability. Chronic BD treatment 1) upregulated N and P/Q channel immunoreactivity in GABAergic terminals; 2) increased the effects of N or P/Q channel blockade on evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents (eIPSCs); 3) increased GABA release probability and the frequency of sIPSCs; and 4) reduced the incidence of epileptiform discharges in UC cortex. The results suggest that chronic TrkB activation is a promising approach for rescuing injury-induced calcium channel abnormalities in inhibitory terminals, thereby improving interneuronal function and suppressing circuit hyperexcitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gu
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5122, USA
| | - Isabel Parada
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5122, USA
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5122, USA
| | - Frank M Longo
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5122, USA
| | - David A Prince
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5122, USA
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13
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Zhou X, Chen J, Tao H, Cai Y, Huang L, Zhou H, Chen Y, Cui L, Zhong W, Li K. Intranasal Delivery of miR-155-5p Antagomir Alleviates Acute Seizures Likely by Inhibiting Hippocampal Inflammation. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:1295-1307. [PMID: 32547033 PMCID: PMC7251485 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s247677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To confront the resistance to existing antiepileptic drugs, studies have gradually begun to investigate alternative pathologies distinct from the traditional treatments that overwhelmingly target ion channels. Microglia activation is the first inflammatory response in the brain, in which miR-155-5p plays a key proinflammatory role and thus represents a promising target for inflammatory modulation in epilepsy pathologies. METHODS In this study, a pentetrazol-induced acute seizure model was established, and the seizure degree was evaluated within 60 min after pentetrazol administration. Animals were then sacrificed for hippocampal tissue collection for biological experiments. RESULTS Intranasal delivery of miR-155-5p antagomir (30 min before pentetrazol administration) increased the percentage of animals with no induced seizures by 20%, extended the latency to generalized convulsions, and decreased seizure severity. In addition, miR-155-5p antagomir treatment alleviated hippocampal damage and decreased the expression of typical inflammatory modulators (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6). Further research revealed that intranasal delivery of miR-155-5p antagomir significantly decreased the relative level of miR-155-5p and increased the expression of its targets LXRα and SOCS1 in IBA1-labeled microglial cells in the hippocampus. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that intranasal delivery of miR-155-5p antagomir alleviated acute seizures, likely by blocking hippocampal inflammation. However, other potential mechanisms of the effects of miR-155-5p antagomir and its long-term safety for epilepsy treatment remain to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Tao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, People's Republic of China
| | - Lidan Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, People's Republic of China
| | - Haihong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wangtao Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, People's Republic of China
| | - Keshen Li
- Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001 China; Stroke Center, Neurology & Neurosurgery Division, Clinical Medicine Research Institute & The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, People's Republic of China
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14
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Martins-Ferreira R, Chaves J, Carvalho C, Bettencourt A, Chorão R, Freitas J, Samões R, Boleixa D, Lopes J, Ramalheira J, da Silva BM, Martins da Silva A, Costa PP, Leal B. Circulating microRNAs as potential biomarkers for genetic generalized epilepsies: a three microRNA panel. Eur J Neurol 2019; 27:660-666. [PMID: 31746515 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Genetic generalized epilepsies (GGEs) encompass a group of syndromes of mainly genetic causes, characterized by the involvement of both hemispheres. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs with a critical role in the regulation of neuronal biological processes through gene expression modulation. Dysregulated miRNA expression has been shown in epilepsy. Due to their stability in biological fluids like serum, miRNAs have assumed a prominent role in biomarker research. Our aim was to evaluate circulating levels of three miRNAs in GGE patients and assess their putative diagnostic value. METHODS MiR-146a, miR-155 and miR-132 were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction in the serum of 79 GGE patients (47 women, 32 men, 35.1 ± 12.4 years) and 67 healthy individuals (41 women, 26 men, 42.4 ± 10.1 years). Relative expression values were calculated using the 2-ΔΔCt method. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to assess diagnostic value. MiRNA expression was correlated with clinicopathological features. RESULTS Serum levels of miR-146a and miR-155 were significantly upregulated in GGE patients relative to controls (3.13 and 6.05, respectively). Combined miR-146a, miR-155 and miR-132 serum levels performed well as a diagnostic biomarker, discriminating GGE patients from controls with an area under the curve of 0.85, 80% specificity and 73% sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that miR-146a, miR-155 and miR-132 may partake in GGE epileptogenesis. A panel of three circulating miRNAs with potential value as a GGE biomarker is reported for the first time. Novel biomarkers may help to identify new treatment targets and contribute to improved patients' quality of life through earlier diagnosis and a more precise prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Chaves
- UMIB - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António-Centro Hospitalar, Universitário do Porto - Largo Prof. Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
| | - C Carvalho
- Lab. Imunogenética - DPIM, ICBAS-UPorto, Porto, Portugal.,UMIB - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Bettencourt
- Lab. Imunogenética - DPIM, ICBAS-UPorto, Porto, Portugal.,UMIB - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - R Chorão
- Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António-Centro Hospitalar, Universitário do Porto - Largo Prof. Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
| | - J Freitas
- Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António-Centro Hospitalar, Universitário do Porto - Largo Prof. Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
| | - R Samões
- Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António-Centro Hospitalar, Universitário do Porto - Largo Prof. Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
| | - D Boleixa
- Lab. Imunogenética - DPIM, ICBAS-UPorto, Porto, Portugal
| | - J Lopes
- Serviço de Neurofisiologia, Hospital de Santo António-Centro Hospitalar, Universitário do Porto - Largo Prof. Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
| | - J Ramalheira
- Serviço de Neurofisiologia, Hospital de Santo António-Centro Hospitalar, Universitário do Porto - Largo Prof. Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
| | - B M da Silva
- Lab. Imunogenética - DPIM, ICBAS-UPorto, Porto, Portugal.,UMIB - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Martins da Silva
- UMIB - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Serviço de Neurofisiologia, Hospital de Santo António-Centro Hospitalar, Universitário do Porto - Largo Prof. Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
| | - P P Costa
- UMIB - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr Ricardo Jorge - Porto. Rua Pedro Nunes, Porto, Portugal
| | - B Leal
- Lab. Imunogenética - DPIM, ICBAS-UPorto, Porto, Portugal.,UMIB - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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15
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Yip KL, Koon CM, Chen ZY, Chook P, Leung PC, Schachter S, Leung WH, Mok CT, Leung H. The antiepileptic effect of Gastrodiae Rhizoma through modulating overexpression of mTOR and attenuating astrogliosis in pilocarpine mice model. Epilepsia Open 2019; 5:50-60. [PMID: 32140643 PMCID: PMC7049815 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of water extract of Gastrodiae Rhizoma (GR) on the development of acquired temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and on regulating the expression of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and semaphorin 3F (SEMA3F). Methods A pilocarpine‐induced status epilepticus (SE) model was adopted to precipitate injury in the limbic systems. GR and carbamazepine (CBZ) treatments were given to mice for 14 days prior to SE induction to demonstrate the antiepileptic effects and continued for 5 more days to illustrate the effects on histologic studies. Results Our results consolidated that GR treatment (92.1 minutes) could delay the SE onset in comparison with the control group (61.5 minutes, P = .041). Fewer mice had reached SE with GR treatment (41.7%) when compared with the control group (83.3%, P = .044). GR treatment (2.1 hours/mouse) could suppress the number of acute seizures in post‐SE survival mice when compared with the control group (4.5 hours/mouse, P < .001). The effects of GR treatment were elucidated with the mechanism of actions. GR treatment reduced the overexpression of mTOR (0.27 vs 0.67 AU/mg protein, P = .047). GR treatment increased the underexpression of SEMA3F (0.51 vs 0.16 µg/mg protein, P = .034). In the histochemical study of microtubule‐associated protein 2 (MAP2) staining, our results showed that GR prevented neuronal loss in the GR treatment group (64.8% positively stained pixel area) as compared with the control group (59%, P = .014) in the hippocampus. In glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) staining, the severity of astrogliosis was mitigated by the GR treatment (4.1% positively stained pixel area) when compared to the control group (5.6%, P = .047) in the hippocampus. Significance These results provide preclinical evidence to support the use of GR, which could suppress acute seizures and relieve pathological changes in pilocarpine‐induced TLE mice. We demonstrated that the antiepileptic effects of GR could be accompanied by mTOR reduction and astrogliosis attenuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Lai Yip
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Chi Man Koon
- Institute of Chinese Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Zi Yi Chen
- Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Ping Chook
- Institute of Chinese Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Ping Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Steven Schachter
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA.,Center for Integration of Medicine and Innovative Technology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA
| | - Wai Hong Leung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Chung Tong Mok
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Howan Leung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong
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16
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MicroRNAs and Child Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Brief Review. Neurochem Res 2019; 45:232-240. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02917-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Gao X, Guo M, Meng D, Sun F, Guan L, Cui Y, Zhao Y, Wang X, Gu X, Sun J, Qi S. Silencing MicroRNA-134 Alleviates Hippocampal Damage and Occurrence of Spontaneous Seizures After Intraventricular Kainic Acid-Induced Status Epilepticus in Rats. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:145. [PMID: 31031600 PMCID: PMC6473087 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a disorder of abnormal brain activity typified by spontaneous and recurrent seizures. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs, critical for the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. MiRNA dysregulation has previously been implicated in the induction of epilepsy. In this study, we examined the effect of silencing miR-134 against status epilepticus (SE). Our results showed that level of miR-134 was significantly up-regulated in rat brain after Kainic acid (KA)-induced SE. TUNEL staining showed that silencing miR-134 alleviated seizure-induced neuronal apoptosis in the CA3 subfield of the hippocampus. Western blot showed that a miR-134 antagonist suppressed lesion-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis related expression of CHOP, Bim and Cytochrome C, while facilitated the expression of CREB at 24 h post KA-induced lesion in the hippocampus. Consistently, silencing miR-134 significantly diminished loss of CA3 pyramidal neurons using Nissl staining as well as reducing aberrant mossy fiber sprouting (MFS) in a rat epileptic model. In addition, the results of EEG and behavior analyses showed seizures were alleviated by miR-134 antagonist in our experimental models. These results suggest that silencing miR-134 modulates the epileptic phenotype by upregulating its target gene, CREB. This in turn attenuates oxidative and ER stress, inhibits apoptosis, and decreases MFS long term. This indicates that silencing miR-134 might be a promising intervention for the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mian Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dawei Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aviation General Hospital of China Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feixiang Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lianyue Guan
- Department of Hepatobilary-Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Cui
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xichun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Gu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiahang Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Sihua Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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18
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Fu H, Cheng Y, Luo H, Rong Z, Li Y, Lu P, Ye X, Huang W, Qi Z, Li X, Cheng B, Wang X, Yao Y, Zhang YW, Zheng W, Zheng H. Silencing MicroRNA-155 Attenuates Kainic Acid-Induced Seizure by Inhibiting Microglia Activation. Neuroimmunomodulation 2019; 26:67-76. [PMID: 30928987 DOI: 10.1159/000496344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE(S) Neuroinflammation is an important contributor to the development of seizures and epilepsy. Micro-RNA-155 (miR-155) plays a critical role in immunity and -inflammation. This study aims to explore the function of miR-155 and miR-155-mediated inflammation in epilepsy. METHODS About 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were administered an intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of kainic acid (KA) (15 mg/kg) or saline. The mice in the KA group developing acute seizure were further subjected to intracerebroventricular injection (i.c.v.) of antagomir negative control (NC) or miR-155 antagomir. Animal behavior was observed according to Racine's scale, and electroencephalographs were recorded. Primary microglia were cultured and treated with antagomir NC or antagomir. Whole-cell electrophysiological recording was conducted to detect the spontaneous EPSCs and IPSCs in the neurons treated with different conditioned medium from those microglia. miR-155 were detected by qRT-PCR in those models, as well as in the brain or blood from epileptic patients and healthy controls. RESULTS miR-155 was abundantly expressed in glial cells compared with neurons, and its expression was markedly elevated in the brain of epilepsy patients and KA-induced seizure mice. Silencing miR-155 attenuated KA-induced seizure, abnormal electroencephalography, proinflammatory cytokine expression, and microglia morphology change. Moreover, conditioned media from KA-treated microglia impaired neuron excitability, whereas conditioned media from KA and miR-155 antagomir co-treated microglia had no such effects. Finally, miR-155 levels were significantly higher in the blood of epilepsy patients than those of healthy controls. CONCLUSION(S) These findings demonstrate that aberrant upregulation of miR-155 contributes to epileptogenesis through inducing microglia neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Fu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Graduate School of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
| | - Haijuan Luo
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhouyi Rong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanfang Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Ye
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Weiyan Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Clinical Medicine of Grade 2014, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ziguo Qi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Clinical Medicine of Grade 2014, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiuying Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Clinical Medicine of Grade 2014, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Baoying Cheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xintian Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Graduate School of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yi Yao
- Epilepsy Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Hongai Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Yun-Wu Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Weihong Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Graduate School of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
| | - Honghua Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China,
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Xiamen University, Shenzhen, China,
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Li TR, Jia YJ, Wang Q, Shao XQ, Zhang P, Lv RJ. Correlation between tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA and microRNA-155 expression in rat models and patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain Res 2018; 1700:56-65. [PMID: 30006293 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Accumulative evidence demonstrates that there is an inseparable connection between inflammation and temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Some recent studies have found that the multifunctional microRNA-155 (miR-155) is a key regulator in controlling the neuroinflammatory response of TLE rodent animals and patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the dynamic expression pattern of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) as a pro-inflammatory cytokine and miR-155 as a posttranscriptional inflammation-related miRNA in the hippocampus of TLE rat models and patients. We performed real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) on the rat hippocampus 2 h, 7 days, 21 days and 60 days following kainic acid-induced status epilepticus (SE) and on hippocampi obtained from TLE patients and normal controls. To further characterize the relationship between TNF-α and miR-155, we examined the effect of antagonizing miR-155 on TNF-α secretion using its antagomir. Here, we found that TNF-α secretion and miR-155 expression levels were correlated after SE. The expression of TNF-α reached peak levels in the acute phase (2h post-SE) of seizure and then gradually decreased; however, it rose again in the chronic phase (60 days post-SE). miR-155 expression started to increase 2 h post-SE, reached peak levels in the latent phase (7 days post-SE) of seizure and then gradually decreased. The variation in the trend of miR-155 lagged behind that of TNF-α. In patients with TLE, the expression levels of both TNF-α and miR-155 were also significantly increased. Furthermore, antagonizing miR-155 inhibited the production of TNF-α in the hippocampal tissues of TLE rat models. Our findings demonstrate a critical role for miR-155 in the physiological regulation of the TNF-α pro-inflammatory response and elucidate the role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of TLE. Therefore, regulation of the miR-155/TNF-α axis may be a new therapeutic target for TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Ran Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Medical University, 88 Road of JianKang, WeiHui, Xinxiang 453100, PR China; Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, 6 TianTanXiLi, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Yan-Jie Jia
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, 1 East Road of JianShe, Erqi District, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, 6 TianTanXiLi, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Shao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, 6 TianTanXiLi, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Medical University, 88 Road of JianKang, WeiHui, Xinxiang 453100, PR China
| | - Rui-Juan Lv
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, 6 TianTanXiLi, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, PR China.
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Lu Y, Huang Z, Hua Y, Xiao G. Minocycline Promotes BDNF Expression of N2a Cells via Inhibition of miR-155-Mediated Repression After Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation and Reoxygenation. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2018; 38:1305-1313. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-018-0599-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Daanaa S, Abotsi WKM, Boakye-Gyasi E, Woode E. Anticonvulsant effect of the hydroethanolic leaf extract of Psydrax subcordata (DC.) Bridson in murine models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 213:384-394. [PMID: 29183747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Psydrax subcordata (DC.) Bridson is a tropical medicinal plant used traditionally for the management of epilepsy. However, there is little scientific evidence to support its use. AIM OF STUDY The current study investigated the anticonvulsant properties of the hydroethanolic leaf extract of Psydrax subcordata (PSE) in animal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anticonvulsant effects were evaluated in mouse models of acute seizures (pentylenetetrazole-, picrotoxin-, 4-aminopyridine-, strychnine- and maximal electroshock-induced seizure tests) and status epilepticus (Lithium/pilocarpine-induced SE). The role of GABAergic mechanisms in the actions of the extract was also examined by pre-treatment of animals with flumazenil in the pentylenetetrazole test. RESULTS The extract (30, 100 and 300mg/kg, p.o.) significantly delayed the onset and decreased the duration and frequency of pentylenetetrazole- and picrotoxin-convulsions. PSE also reduced the duration of tonic hind limb extensions in the maximal electroshock-induced seizure test. Furthermore, PSE pre-treatment significantly delayed the onset of seizures and improved survival in the 4-aminopyridine-induced seizure test. In the strychnine-induced seizure test, PSE treatment did not significantly affect the latency to convulsions and time until death when compared to controls. PSE exhibited anticonvulsant effects in the lithium/pilocarpine test by delaying the onset of seizures and status epilepticus as well as reducing the severity of seizures and mortality of mice. Again, the anticonvulsant effect of PSE (100mg/kg, p.o.) was blocked by pre-treatment with flumazenil in the PTZ test. CONCLUSION PSE has anticonvulsant activity in animal models, and this effect may be mediated, at least partly, through GABAergic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Daanaa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Wonder Kofi Mensah Abotsi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Eric Boakye-Gyasi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Eric Woode
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
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Gu F, Parada I, Yang T, Longo FM, Prince DA. Partial TrkB receptor activation suppresses cortical epileptogenesis through actions on parvalbumin interneurons. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 113:45-58. [PMID: 29408225 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic epilepsy is one of the most common and difficult to treat forms of acquired epilepsy worldwide. Currently, there is no effective way to prevent post-traumatic epileptogenesis. It is known that abnormalities of interneurons, particularly parvalbumin-containing interneurons, play a critical role in epileptogenesis following traumatic brain injury. Thus, enhancing the function of existing parvalbumin interneurons might provide a logical therapeutic approach to prevention of post-traumatic epilepsy. The known positive effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor on interneuronal growth and function through activation of its receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase B, and its decrease after traumatic brain injury, led us to hypothesize that enhancing trophic support might improve parvalbumin interneuronal function and decrease epileptogenesis. To test this hypothesis, we used the partial neocortical isolation ('undercut', UC) model of posttraumatic epileptogenesis in mature rats that were treated for 2 weeks, beginning on the day of injury, with LM22A-4, a newly designed partial agonist at the tropomyosin receptor kinase B. Effects of treatment were assessed with Western blots to measure pAKT/AKT; immunocytochemistry and whole cell patch clamp recordings to examine functional and structural properties of GABAergic interneurons; field potential recordings of epileptiform discharges in vitro; and video-EEG recordings of PTZ-induced seizures in vivo. Results showed that LM22A-4 treatment 1) increased pyramidal cell perisomatic immunoreactivity for VGAT, GAD65 and parvalbumin; 2) increased the density of close appositions of VGAT/gephyrin immunoreactive puncta (putative inhibitory synapses) on pyramidal cell somata; 3) increased the frequency of mIPSCs in pyramidal cells; and 4) decreased the incidence of spontaneous and evoked epileptiform discharges in vitro. 5) Treatment of rats with PTX BD4-3, another partial TrkB receptor agonist, reduced the incidence of bicuculline-induced ictal episodes in vitro and PTZ induced electrographic and behavioral ictal episodes in vivo. 6) Inactivation of TrkB receptors in undercut TrkBF616A mice with 1NMPP1 abolished both LM22A-4-induced effects on mIPSCs and on increased perisomatic VGAT-IR. Results indicate that chronic activation of the tropomyosin receptor kinase B by a partial agonist after cortical injury can enhance structural and functional measures of GABAergic inhibition and suppress posttraumatic epileptogenesis. Although the full agonist effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tropomyosin receptor kinase B activation in epilepsy models have been controversial, the present results indicate that such trophic activation by a partial agonist may potentially serve as an effective therapeutic option for prophylactic treatment of posttraumatic epileptogenesis, and treatment of other neurological and psychiatric disorders whose pathogenesis involves impaired parvalbumin interneuronal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gu
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Isabel Parada
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Frank M Longo
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States
| | - David A Prince
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States.
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23
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Zhang H, Qu Y, Wang A. Antagonist targeting microRNA-146a protects against lithium-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in rats by nuclear factor-κB pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:5356-5361. [PMID: 29363732 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) has an important role in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of microRNA (miRNA)‑146a, phosphorylated (p)‑P65/P65, B‑cell lymphoma‑2(Bcl‑2)/Bcl‑2‑associated X protein (Bax) and pro‑inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)‑6, IL‑1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF‑α) in the brain tissue of rats with epilepsy. Sprague‑Dawley rats were used to establish the epilepsy model using the lithium‑pilocarpine method. The expression of miR‑146a, pro‑inflammatory cytokines, P‑glycoprotein (P‑gp), Bcl‑2/Bax and p‑P65/P65 were assessed by reverse transcription‑semi‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting, respectively. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to determine the pathology of epilepsy. The current findings revealed that the expression of miR‑146a was greater in the model group compared with the control group, and that the expression of miR‑146a reached a maximum at 7 days post‑treatment. The expression levels of IL‑1β, IL‑6 and TNF‑α were significantly reduced in the miR‑146a antagonist group when compared with the model group. Additionally, the expression levels of P‑gp and p‑P65/P65 were significantly reduced following the addition of the miR‑146a antagonist, whereas the expression levels of Bcl‑2/Bax significantly increased under the same conditions. Therefore, the NF‑κB pathway and miR‑146a may be potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Yun Qu
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Aihua Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
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Ma Y. The Challenge of microRNA as a Biomarker of Epilepsy. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:37-42. [PMID: 28676013 PMCID: PMC5771381 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170703102410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy is one of chronic severe neurological disorders possess to recurring seizures. And now anti-epileptic drugs are only effective in less than one third of epilepsy patients, and biomarkers predicting are not available when the specific antiepileptic drugs treated. Advanced studies have showed that miRNA may be a key in the pathogenesis of epilepsy beginning in the early 2000 years. Several target genes and pathways of miRNA which related to the therapeutic methods to epilepsy. METHOD We searched PubMed from Jan 1,2000 to Jan 1, 2017, using the terms "epilepsy AND microRNA AND biomarker" and "seizure AND microRNA AND biomarker". We selected articles that featured novel miRNAs in vivo epilepsy models and patients. We then selected the most relevant articles based on a subjective appraisal of their quality and mechanistic insight that could be relevant to epilepsy. RESULTS Decrease the expression of has-miR134 could be a potential non-invasive biomarker to use in diagnosis for the epilepsy patients for using hsa-miR-134 also be identified to distinguish patients with and without epilepsy. miR-181a show significant downregulation in the acute stage, but up regulation in the chronic stage and in the latent stage there is no changing and how about this phenomenon appearance in different stage still should be discussed in the future. Besides that, miR- 146a can down-regulated in the patients using genome-wide for serum in circulating miRNAs.miR- 124, miR-199a, and miR-128 etc. could be a candidate for the biomarker in future. miR-15a-5p and -194-5p down-regulated in epilepsy patients, in the future, it may be used as a novel biomarker for improve diagnosis. CONCLUSION These observations give a chance that new development for diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy patients. Advanced technique and miRNA combination may product more effective roles in epilepsy and other disease. These reports will be available to solve the application of miRNAs as biomarkers and novel therapy approaches for epilepsy. In summary, researcher who focus on miRNAs should be understanding of the causes, treatment, and diagnosis of epilepsy. exploration of any of these effects on the efficacy of these drugs is worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Ma
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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25
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Tiwari D, Peariso K, Gross C. MicroRNA-induced silencing in epilepsy: Opportunities and challenges for clinical application. Dev Dyn 2018; 247:94-110. [PMID: 28850760 PMCID: PMC5740004 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are master regulators of gene expression. Single microRNAs influence multiple proteins within diverse molecular pathways and networks. Therefore, changes in levels or activity of microRNAs can have profound effects on cellular function. This makes dysregulated microRNA-induced silencing an attractive potential disease mechanism in complex disorders like epilepsy, where numerous cellular pathways and processes are affected simultaneously. Indeed, several years of research in rodent models have provided strong evidence that acute or recurrent seizures change microRNA expression and function. Moreover, altered microRNA expression has been observed in brain and blood from patients with various epilepsy disorders, such as tuberous sclerosis. MicroRNAs can be easily manipulated using sense or antisense oligonucleotides, opening up opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Here, we summarize studies using these techniques to identify microRNAs that modulate seizure susceptibility, describe protein targets mediating some of these effects, and discuss cellular pathways, for example neuroinflammation, that are controlled by epilepsy-associated microRNAs. We critically assess current gaps in knowledge regarding target- and cell-specificity of microRNAs that have to be addressed before clinical application as therapeutic targets or biomarkers. The recent progress in understanding microRNA function in epilepsy has generated strong momentum to encourage in-depth mechanistic studies to develop microRNA-targeted therapies. Developmental Dynamics 247:94-110, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durgesh Tiwari
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Katrina Peariso
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati, Ohio
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Christina Gross
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati, Ohio
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, Ohio
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26
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Huang LG, Zou J, Lu QC. Silencing rno-miR-155-5p in rat temporal lobe epilepsy model reduces pathophysiological features and cell apoptosis by activating Sestrin-3. Brain Res 2017; 1689:109-122. [PMID: 29191771 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a chronic neurological disease characterized by recurrent spontaneous seizures. MicroRNAs are dysregulated in various pathological conditions including epilepsy. Therefore, we hypothesized that the dysregulation of these microRNAs might also be associated with the pathogenesis of TLE. In this study, we found that a microRNA, hsa-miR-155-5p, was upregulated in patients with TLE post-surgery, and hence associated with clinical and pathological manifestations and seizure outcomes. We then used a rat model of experimental epilepsy induced by pilocarpine and revealed that the rat homologue was upregulated as well. Importantly, injection of an antagomiR of rno-miR-155-5p in vivo resulted in a reduction of the pathophysiological features associated with the status epilepticus, which was accompanied by decrease of apoptosis in the hippocampus. This effect was correlated with an increase in rat Sestrin-3 expression, which was a gene known to counteract oxidative stress. This rescue was also observed after injection of a lentivirus carrying the small interfering RNA of rat Sestrin-3 gene in the hippocampus. In addition, rno-miR-155-5p as well as rat Sestrin-3 mRNA and protein expression were partly dependent on oxidative stress induced by H2O2 in PC12 cells. Taken together, our data suggest that rno-miR-155-5p is a potent post-transcriptional regulator of rat Sestrin-3 and it may be one of the molecular links between brain damage and increased risk for seizures during damage by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Gang Huang
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zou
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin-Chi Lu
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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27
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Comparative analysis of cytokine/chemokine regulatory networks in patients with hippocampal sclerosis (HS) and focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). Sci Rep 2017; 7:15904. [PMID: 29162878 PMCID: PMC5698416 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16041-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental and clinical evidence have demonstrated aberrant expression of cytokines/chemokines and their receptors in patients with hippocampal sclerosis (HS) and focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). However, there is limited information regarding the modulation of cytokine/chemokine-regulatory networks, suggesting contribution of miRNAs and downstream transcription factors/receptors in these pathologies. Hence, we studied the levels of multiple inflammatory mediators (IL1β, IL1Ra, IL6, IL10, CCL3, CCL4, TNFα and VEGF) along with transcriptional changes of nine related miRNAs and mRNA levels of downstream effectors of significantly altered cytokines/chemokines in brain tissues obtained from patients with HS (n = 26) and FCD (n = 26). Up regulation of IL1β, IL6, CCL3, CCL4, STAT-3, C-JUN and CCR5, and down regulation of IL 10 were observed in both HS and FCD cases (p < 0.05). CCR5 was significantly up regulated in FCD as compared to HS (p < 0.001). Both, HS and FCD presented decreased miR-223-3p, miR-21-5p, miR-204-5p and let-7a-5p and increased miR-155-5p expression (p < 0.05). As compared to HS, miR-204-5p (upstream to CCR5 and IL1β) and miR-195-5p (upstream to CCL4) were significantly decreased in FCD patients (p < 0.01). Our results suggest differential alteration of cytokine/chemokine regulatory networks in HS and FCD and provide a rationale for developing pathology specific therapy.
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28
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Zhang Z, Wang Z, Zhang B, Liu Y. Downregulation of microRNA‑155 by preoperative administration of valproic acid prevents postoperative seizures by upregulating SCN1A. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1375-1381. [PMID: 29115566 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of seizure is increased following brain surgery such as cranioplasty. Patients with seizures that are treated with valproic acid (VPA) may have a decreased risk of further seizures. To verify microRNA (miR)‑155 as a potential biomarker for the occurrence of seizures, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) was used. Computational analysis and luciferase reporter assay was performed to identify the putative target of miR‑155. RT‑qPCR and western blot analyses were used to determine the expression level of miR‑155, sodium voltage‑gated channel α subunit 1 (SCN1A) mRNA and protein. RT‑qPCR analysis indicated that miR‑155 levels in patients who experienced seizures increased 2.45‑fold compared with patient who did not experience seizures, indicating miR‑155 may be a potential biomarker for the occurrence of seizures. SCN1A was identified as a target gene of miR‑155; the luciferase reporter assay revealed a negative regulatory relationship between miR‑155 and SCN1A. The expression of SCN1A mRNA of patients receiving VPA was higher compared with the control group patients. Furthermore, the expression levels of SCN1A mRNA and protein were reduced or elevated following transfection with miR‑155 mimics or inhibitors, respectively, compared with the scramble control. Furthermore, a concentration‑dependent effect of miR‑155 on the expression of SCN1A was observed. In conclusion, miR‑155 may be associated with the risk of seizure and SCN1A may be a target gene of miR‑155. Downregulation of microRNA‑155 by preoperative administration of VPA may prevent postoperative seizure by upregulating the expression of SCN1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Yangming Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Yangming Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Yangming Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo Yinzhou District No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, P.R. China
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Tang L, Zhang Y, Chen G, Xiong Y, Wang X, Zhu B. Down-regulation of Pin1 in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients and Mouse Model. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:1211-1218. [PMID: 28239767 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2158-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (Pin1) is a unique PPIase belonging to the parvulin family, and it isomerizes peptide bond between phospho-(Ser/Thr) and Pro. Pin1 has been linked to the pathogenesis of various human diseases; however, its exact biological functions remain unclear. The aim of the present study is to explore the expression pattern of Pin1 in patients with refractory epilepsy and in a chronic pilocarpine-induced epileptic mouse model. Using Western blot, immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation analysis, we found that Pin1 protein was mainly distributed in neurons, demonstrated by colocalization with the dendritic marker, MAP2. However, the expression of Pin1 decreased remarkably in epileptic patients and experimental mice. Furthermore, the reciprocal coimmunoprecipitation analysis showed that Pin1 interacted with NR2A and NR2B-containing NMDA receptors not AMPA receptors in epileptic mouse models. Our results are the first to indicate that the expression of Pin1 in epileptic brain tissue could play important roles in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Tang
- The Public Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yanke Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Guojun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Yubei District of Chongqing City, 62 Jianshe Road, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China. .,Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Binglin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Manipulating MicroRNAs in Murine Models: Targeting the Multi-Targeting in Epilepsy. Epilepsy Curr 2017; 17:43-47. [PMID: 28331471 DOI: 10.5698/1535-7511-17.1.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that work posttranscriptionally to negatively regulate protein levels. They influence neuronal and glial structure and function, neuroinflammatory signaling, cell death, neurogenesis, and other processes relevant to epileptogenesis. Functional studies using oligonucleotide inhibitors (antagomirs) and mimics (agomirs) to modulate microRNAs in rat and mouse models of epilepsy show effects on evoked and spontaneous seizures and attendant neuropathology. The present review summarizes recent findings and points to gaps in our knowledge of the underlying mechanisms and directions for the future.
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31
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MicroRNAs in epilepsy: pathophysiology and clinical utility. Lancet Neurol 2016; 15:1368-1376. [DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(16)30246-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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32
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NR4A1 Knockdown Suppresses Seizure Activity by Regulating Surface Expression of NR2B. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37713. [PMID: 27876882 PMCID: PMC5120300 DOI: 10.1038/srep37713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (NR4A1), a downstream target of CREB that is a key regulator of epileptogenesis, has been implicated in a variety of biological processes and was previously identified as a seizure-associated molecule. However, the relationship between NR4A1 and epileptogenesis remains unclear. Here, we showed that NR4A1 protein was predominantly expressed in neurons and up-regulated in patients with epilepsy as well as pilocarpine-induced mouse epileptic models. NR4A1 knockdown by lentivirus transfection (lenti-shNR4A1) alleviated seizure severity and prolonged onset latency in mouse models. Moreover, reciprocal coimmunoprecipitation of NR4A1 and NR2B demonstrated their interaction. Furthermore, the expression of p-NR2B (Tyr1472) in epileptic mice and the expression of NR2B in the postsynaptic density (PSD) were significantly reduced in the lenti-shNR4A1 group, indicating that NR4A1 knockdown partly decreased surface NR2B by promoting NR2B internalization. These results are the first to indicate that the expression of NR4A1 in epileptic brain tissues may provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying epilepsy.
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