1
|
Zahoor I, Waters J, Ata N, Datta I, Pedersen TL, Cerghet M, Poisson L, Markovic-Plese S, Rattan R, Taha AY, Newman JW, Giri S. Blood-based targeted metabolipidomics reveals altered omega fatty acid-derived lipid mediators in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.04.574253. [PMID: 38260401 PMCID: PMC10802284 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.04.574253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Unresolved and uncontrolled inflammation is considered a hallmark of pathogenesis in chronic inflammatory diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS), suggesting a defective resolution process. Inflammatory resolution is an active process partially mediated by endogenous metabolites of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), collectively termed specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs). Altered levels of resolution mediators have been reported in several inflammatory diseases and may partly explain impaired inflammatory resolution. Performing LC-MS/MS-based targeted lipid mediator profiling, we observed distinct changes in fatty acid metabolites in serum from 30 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients relative to 30 matched healthy subjects (HS). Robust linear regression revealed 12 altered lipid mediators after adjusting for confounders (p <0.05). Of these, 15d-PGJ2, PGE3, and LTB5 were increased in MS while PGF2a, 8,9-DiHETrE, 5,6-DiHETrE, 20-HETE, 15-HETE, 12-HETE, 12-HEPE, 14-HDoHE, and DHEA were decreased in MS compared to HS. In addition, 12,13-DiHOME and 12,13-DiHODE were positively correlated with expanded disability status scale values (EDSS). Using Partial Least Squares, we identified several lipid mediators with high VIP scores (VIP > 1: 32% - 52%) of which POEA, PGE3, DHEA, LTB5, and 12-HETE were top predictors for distinguishing between RRMS and HS (AUC =0.75) based on the XGBoost Classifier algorithm. Collectively, these findings suggest an imbalance between inflammation and resolution. Altogether, lipid mediators appear to have potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for RRMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Insha Zahoor
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, 48202, USA
| | - Jeffrey Waters
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, 48202, USA
| | - Nasar Ata
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, 48202, USA
| | - Indrani Datta
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, 48202, USA
| | | | - Mirela Cerghet
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, 48202, USA
| | - Laila Poisson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, 48202, USA
| | - Silva Markovic-Plese
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ramandeep Rattan
- Division of Gynaecology Oncology, Department of Women’s Health Services, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, 48202, USA
| | - Ameer Y. Taha
- Department of Food and Technology, University of California, Davis, USA
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - John W. Newman
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Shailendra Giri
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, 48202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Irún P, Carrera-Lasfuentes P, Sánchez-Luengo M, Belio Ú, Domper-Arnal MJ, Higuera GA, Hawkins M, de la Rosa X, Lanas A. Pharmacokinetics and Changes in Lipid Mediator Profiling after Consumption of Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid-Mediator-Enriched Marine Oil in Healthy Subjects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16143. [PMID: 38003333 PMCID: PMC10671020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play a vital role in human health, well-being, and the management of inflammatory diseases. Insufficient intake of omega-3 is linked to disease development. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are derived from omega-3 PUFAs and expedite the resolution of inflammation. They fall into categories known as resolvins, maresins, protectins, and lipoxins. The actions of SPMs in the resolution of inflammation involve restricting neutrophil infiltration, facilitating the removal of apoptotic cells and cellular debris, promoting efferocytosis and phagocytosis, counteracting the production of pro-inflammatory molecules like chemokines and cytokines, and encouraging a pro-resolving macrophage phenotype. This is an experimental pilot study in which ten healthy subjects were enrolled and received a single dose of 6 g of an oral SPM-enriched marine oil emulsion. Peripheral blood was collected at baseline, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 h post-administration. Temporal increases in plasma and serum SPM levels were found by using LC-MS/MS lipid profiling. Additionally, we characterized the temporal increases in omega-3 levels and established fundamental pharmacokinetics in both aforementioned matrices. These findings provide substantial evidence of the time-dependent elevation of SPMs, reinforcing the notion that oral supplementation with SPM-enriched products represents a valuable source of essential bioactive SPMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Irún
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.C.-L.); (M.J.D.-A.); (A.L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Centro Mixto de Investigación con Empresas (CEMINEM), Campus Rio Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (Ú.B.); (G.A.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Patricia Carrera-Lasfuentes
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.C.-L.); (M.J.D.-A.); (A.L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus Universitario Villanueva de Gállego, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Sánchez-Luengo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Service of Digestive Diseases, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Úrsula Belio
- Centro Mixto de Investigación con Empresas (CEMINEM), Campus Rio Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (Ú.B.); (G.A.H.); (M.H.)
- SOLUTEX GC, SL., 50180 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María José Domper-Arnal
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.C.-L.); (M.J.D.-A.); (A.L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Service of Digestive Diseases, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Gustavo A. Higuera
- Centro Mixto de Investigación con Empresas (CEMINEM), Campus Rio Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (Ú.B.); (G.A.H.); (M.H.)
- SOLUTEX GC, SL., 50180 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Malena Hawkins
- Centro Mixto de Investigación con Empresas (CEMINEM), Campus Rio Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (Ú.B.); (G.A.H.); (M.H.)
- SOLUTEX GC, SL., 50180 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Xavier de la Rosa
- Centro Mixto de Investigación con Empresas (CEMINEM), Campus Rio Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (Ú.B.); (G.A.H.); (M.H.)
- SOLUTEX GC, SL., 50180 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Angel Lanas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.C.-L.); (M.J.D.-A.); (A.L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Centro Mixto de Investigación con Empresas (CEMINEM), Campus Rio Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (Ú.B.); (G.A.H.); (M.H.)
- Service of Digestive Diseases, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Psiquiatría y Dermatología, Facultad de Medicina, Campus Plaza San Francisco, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Szczuko M, Szwec-Nadworna N, Palma J, Tomasik M, Ziętek M. Increased Demand of Obese Women for Protectins, Maresin, and Resolvin D1 in the Last Trimester of Pregnancy. Nutrients 2023; 15:4340. [PMID: 37892415 PMCID: PMC10609750 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy is a physiological state during which inflammation occurs. This complex biological response is necessary for the implantation process as well as delivery. In turn, its suppression during gestation favors the normal course of the pregnancy. Therefore, the presence of pro-resolving mediators, EPA and DHA derivatives, The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the levels of anti-inflammatory resolvins and their precursors in different trimesters of pregnancy with consideration of the women's weight, including overweight and obese women before pregnancy. METHODS A total of 78 women participated in this study; the mean age and BMI before pregnancy were 32.3 ± 5.52 and 27.73 ± 6.13, respectively. The patients were divided into two groups, considering their BMI before pregnancy. The extraction of eicosanoids was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. The levels of all studied parameters showed statistically significant differences between the study group (SG) and the control group (CG) in the different trimesters of pregnancy. Over the course of pregnancy, the levels of protection (PDX), maresin, resolvins (RvD1, RvE1), and their precursors differed in relation to the trimester of pregnancy and the division into groups considering the correct body weight before pregnancy. RESULTS Overweight or obese women had significantly lower levels of RvE1 in the third trimester and their precursors compared to normal-weight women. While the levels of PDX and RvD1 were significantly higher, this may be due to both a lower intake of products rich in omega-3 fatty acids by obese women and an increased need of obese women's bodies to quench chronic inflammatory processes associated with obesity. CONCLUSIONS Both EPA and DHA derivatives are involved in calming down inflammation during pregnancy, which was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Szczuko
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Natalia Szwec-Nadworna
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Joanna Palma
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Tomasik
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Maciej Ziętek
- Department of Perinatology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University, 72-010 Police, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Miyoshi M, Usami M, Nishiyama Y, Kai M, Suzuki A, Maeshige N, Yamaguchi A, Ma X, Shinohara M. Soleus muscle contains a higher concentration of lipid metabolites than extensor digitorum longus in rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced acute muscle atrophy. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 57:48-57. [PMID: 37739695 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Muscle atrophy is one of the most important and frequent problems for critically ill patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of lipid mediators on acute muscle atrophy. Skeletal muscle fiber-specific analysis of lipid mediators in endotoxemic rats was therefore performed. METHODS Male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Slow-twitch soleus muscle and fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle were harvested 0, 6, and 24 h after LPS injection. Lipid mediators were profiled using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Muscles were weighed and their cross-sectional areas were evaluated. Expression levels of mRNAs encoding inflammatory cytokines, autophagy-related transcription factors, and members of the ubiquitin-proteasome system were measured using real-time PCR. RESULTS Before LPS injection, the concentrations of all FFAs, including arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid, and all measured lipid mediators were higher in soleus muscle than in EDL muscle, especially those of pro-inflammatory prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene B4. LPS injection, increased PGE2 and D2 and decreased FFAs in soleus muscle but did not change in EDL muscle. The concentrations of specialized pro-resolving mediators E-series hydroxy-eicosapentaenoic acid and D-series hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid were higher in soleus muscle. Muscle cross-sectional area decreased and the expression level of atrogin-1 was upregulated in EDL muscle, but both were unchanged in soleus muscle. After LPS injection, a discrepancy involving an increased PGE2 concentration and decreased muscle atrophy was identified in this acute muscle atrophy model of critical illness. CONCLUSION Concentrations of FFAs and lipid mediators were higher in soleus muscle than in EDL muscle, and LPS injection rapidly increased concentrations of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators. However, muscle atrophy with upregulation of autophagy-related transcription factors was observed in EDL muscle but not in soleus muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Miyoshi
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Makoto Usami
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan; Faculty of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Konan Women's University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuya Nishiyama
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Motoki Kai
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ayumi Suzuki
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Noriaki Maeshige
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Atomu Yamaguchi
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Xiaoqi Ma
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masakazu Shinohara
- The Integrated Center for Mass Spectrometry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Division of Epidemiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Masot O, Ochoa Herrera JJ, Paraíso Pueyo E, Roca J, Miranda J, Lavedán A. The impact of docosahexaenoic acid on maternal mental health: scoping review. NUTR HOSP 2023; 40:848-857. [PMID: 37334807 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a polyunsaturated essential fatty acid from the omega-3 series that appears to be key to perinatal mental health. For this, the aim of this review is to evaluate the effect of DHA on maternal mental health during pregnancy and lactation with respect to depression and anxiety. The present scoping review was carried out following the methodology of Arksey and O'Malley (2005). The selection of studies was carried out in accordance with PRISMA by means of systematic searches in the PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO and Medline databases. The results classified according to the effectiveness of DHA. In most (n = 9) of the 14 studies finally included, DHA plasma levels with or without other polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids were significantly lower in pregnant women with depressive and anxiety symptoms. However, no study reported a beneficial effect of DHA on mental health during the postpartum period. The majority used detection method was the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (n = 11). The prevalence of depressive symptoms ranged between 5.9 % and 50 %. As a conclusion, although more research is needed in this area, these exploratory results suggest that DHA could play an important role in preventing the pathogenesis of depression and anxiety during gestation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Masot
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy. Universidad de Lleida. Health Care Research Group (GRECS). Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Lleida Fundación Dr. Pifarré. IRBLleida
| | - Julio José Ochoa Herrera
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos José Mataix Verdú (INYTA). Department of Physiology. Universidad de Granada
| | - Elena Paraíso Pueyo
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy. Universidad de Lleida. Health Care Research Group (GRECS). Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Lleida Fundación Dr. Pifarré. IRBLleida
| | - Judith Roca
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy. Universidad de Lleida. Health Care Research Group (GRECS). Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Lleida Fundación Dr. Pifarré. IRBLleida
| | - Jéssica Miranda
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy. Universidad de Lleida. Health Care Research Group (GRECS). Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Lleida Fundación Dr. Pifarré. IRBLleida
| | - Ana Lavedán
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy. Universidad de Lleida. Health Care Research Group (GRECS). Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Lleida Fundación Dr. Pifarré. IRBLleida
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu WC, Yang YH, Wang YC, Chang WM, Wang CW. Maresin: Macrophage Mediator for Resolving Inflammation and Bridging Tissue Regeneration-A System-Based Preclinical Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11012. [PMID: 37446190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Maresins are lipid mediators derived from omega-3 fatty acids with anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving properties, capable of promoting tissue regeneration and potentially serving as a therapeutic agent for chronic inflammatory diseases. The aim of this review was to systematically investigate preclinical and clinical studies on maresin to inform translational research. Two independent reviewers performed comprehensive searches with the term "Maresin (NOT) Review" on PubMed. A total of 137 studies were included and categorized into 11 human organ systems. Data pertinent to clinical translation were specifically extracted, including delivery methods, optimal dose response, and specific functional efficacy. Maresins generally exhibit efficacy in treating inflammatory diseases, attenuating inflammation, protecting organs, and promoting tissue regeneration, mostly in rodent preclinical models. The nervous system has the highest number of original studies (n = 25), followed by the cardiovascular system, digestive system, and respiratory system, each having the second highest number of studies (n = 18) in the field. Most studies considered systemic delivery with an optimal dose response for mouse animal models ranging from 4 to 25 μg/kg or 2 to 200 ng via intraperitoneal or intravenous injection respectively, whereas human in vitro studies ranged between 1 and 10 nM. Although there has been no human interventional clinical trial yet, the levels of MaR1 in human tissue fluid can potentially serve as biomarkers, including salivary samples for predicting the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases and periodontal diseases; plasma and synovial fluid levels of MaR1 can be associated with treatment response and defining pathotypes of rheumatoid arthritis. Maresins exhibit great potency in resolving disease inflammation and bridging tissue regeneration in preclinical models, and future translational development is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chun Liu
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing St., Taipei 110310, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Yang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing St., Taipei 110310, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chin Wang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing St., Taipei 110310, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ming Chang
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Wei Wang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing St., Taipei 110310, Taiwan
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Serhan CN, Chiang N. Resolvins and cysteinyl-containing pro-resolving mediators activate resolution of infectious inflammation and tissue regeneration. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 166:106718. [PMID: 36813255 PMCID: PMC10175197 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
This review is a synopsis of the main points from the opening presentation by the authors in the Resolution of Inflammation session at the 8th European Workshop on Lipid Mediators held at the Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, June 29th, 2022. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM) promote tissue regeneration, control infections and resolution of inflammation. These include resolvins, protectins, maresins and the newly identified conjugates in tissue regeneration (CTRs). We reported mechanisms of CTRs in activating primordial regeneration pathways in planaria using RNA-sequencing. Also, the 4S,5S-epoxy-resolvin intermediate in the biosynthesis of resolvin D3 and resolvin D4 was prepared by total organic synthesis. Human neutrophils convert this to resolvin D3 and resolvin D4, while human M2 macrophages transformed this labile epoxide intermediate to resolvin D4 and a novel cysteinyl-resolvin that is a potent isomer of RCTR1. The novel cysteinyl-resolvin significantly accelerates tissue regeneration with planaria and inhibits human granuloma formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Nan Chiang
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Harris TR, Griffith JA, Clarke CEC, Garner KL, Bowdridge EC, DeVallance E, Engles KJ, Batchelor TP, Goldsmith WT, Wix K, Nurkiewicz TR, Rand AA. Distinct profiles of oxylipid mediators in liver, lung, and placenta after maternal nano-TiO 2 nanoparticle inhalation exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. ADVANCES 2023; 2:740-748. [PMID: 37181648 PMCID: PMC10167894 DOI: 10.1039/d2va00300g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Nano-titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) is a widely used nanomaterial found in several industrial and consumer products, including surface coatings, paints, sunscreens and cosmetics, among others. Studies have linked gestational exposure to nano-TiO2 with negative maternal and fetal health outcomes. For example, maternal pulmonary exposure to nano-TiO2 during gestation has been associated not only with maternal, but also fetal microvascular dysfunction in a rat model. One mediator of this altered vascular reactivity and inflammation is oxylipid signaling. Oxylipids are formed from dietary lipids through several enzyme-controlled pathways as well as through oxidation by reactive oxygen species. Oxylipids have been linked to control of vascular tone, inflammation, pain and other physiological and disease processes. In this study, we use a sensitive UPLC-MS/MS based analysis to probe the global oxylipid response in liver, lung, and placenta of pregnant rats exposed to nano-TiO2 aerosols. Each organ presented distinct patterns in oxylipid signaling, as assessed by principal component and hierarchical clustering heatmap analysis. In general, pro-inflammatory mediators, such as 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (1.6 fold change) were elevated in the liver, while in the lung, anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving mediators such as 17-hydroxy docosahexaenoic acid (1.4 fold change) were elevated. In the placenta the levels of oxylipid mediators were generally decreased, both inflammatory (e.g. PGE2, 0.52 fold change) and anti-inflammatory (e.g. Leukotriene B4, 0.49 fold change). This study, the first to quantitate the levels of these oxylipids simultaneously after nano-TiO2 exposure, shows the complex interplay of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators from multiple lipid classes and highlights the limitations of monitoring the levels of oxylipid mediators in isolation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Todd R Harris
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University Ottawa ON K1S5B6 Canada
| | - Julie A Griffith
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV 26506 USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV USA
| | - Colleen E C Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University Ottawa ON K1S5B6 Canada
| | - Krista L Garner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV 26506 USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV USA
| | - Elizabeth C Bowdridge
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV 26506 USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV USA
| | - Evan DeVallance
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV 26506 USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV USA
| | - Kevin J Engles
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV 26506 USA
| | - Thomas P Batchelor
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV 26506 USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV USA
| | - William T Goldsmith
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV 26506 USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV USA
| | - Kim Wix
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV 26506 USA
| | - Timothy R Nurkiewicz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV 26506 USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV USA
| | - Amy A Rand
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University Ottawa ON K1S5B6 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Something Smells Fishy: How Lipid Mediators Impact the Maternal-Fetal Interface and Neonatal Development. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010171. [PMID: 36672679 PMCID: PMC9855822 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal pregnancy relies on inflammation for implantation, placentation, and parturition, but uncontrolled inflammation can lead to poor maternal and infant outcomes. Maternal diet is one modifiable factor that can impact inflammation. Omega-3 and -6 fatty acids obtained through the diet are metabolized into bioactive compounds that effect inflammation. Recent evidence has shown that the downstream products of omega-3 and -6 fatty acids may influence physiology during pregnancy. In this review, the current knowledge relating to omega-3 and omega-6 metabolites during pregnancy will be summarized.
Collapse
|
10
|
Functional and pathological role of 15-Lipoxygenase and its metabolites in pregnancy and pregnancy-associated complications. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2022; 161:106648. [PMID: 35577309 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2022.106648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Maternal lipid metabolism status during pregnancy may have pivotal effects on a healthy pregnancy, the progression of labor, and childbirth. Based on evidence, changes in maternal lipid profile and metabolism is related to various alterations in fetal metabolic status, fat mass, birth weight and can result in serious maternal and fetal complications. 15-lipoxygenase accounts as a key enzyme in metabolizing polyunsaturated fatty acids that generate various inflammatory lipid metabolites. The possible involvement of 15- lipoxygenase and its metabolites in the inflammatory process, cell proliferation and death, and immune response has been postulated. The indicative role of the 15- lipoxygenase enzymatic pathway in the implantation process, stages of pregnancy, embryogenesis, organogenesis, progression of labor, pregnancy period, and pregnancy-associated complications is remarkable. Accordingly, this study will review the research conducted on the role of 15- lipoxygenase in different reproductive tissues, and its pathological role in pregnancy-related diseases to provide more insight regarding the emerging role of 15-lipoxygenase in normal pregnancy.
Collapse
|
11
|
Gubbala VB, Jytosana N, Trinh VQ, Maurer HC, Naeem RF, Lytle NK, Ma Z, Zhao S, Lin W, Han H, Shi Y, Hunter T, Singh PK, Olive KP, Tan MC, Kaech SM, Wahl GM, DelGiorno KE. Eicosanoids in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment - a multicellular, multifaceted progression. GASTRO HEP ADVANCES 2022; 1:682-697. [PMID: 36277993 PMCID: PMC9583893 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Eicosanoids, oxidized fatty acids that serve as cell-signaling molecules, have been broadly implicated in tumorigenesis. Here, we aimed to identify eicosanoids associated with pancreatic tumorigenesis and the cell types responsible for their synthesis. METHODS We profiled normal pancreas and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in mouse models and patient samples using mass spectrometry. We interrogated RNA sequencing datasets for eicosanoid synthase or receptor expression. Findings were confirmed by immunostaining. RESULTS In murine models, we identified elevated levels of PGD2, prostacyclin, and thromboxanes in neoplasia while PGE2, 12-HHTre, HETEs, and HDoHEs are elevated specifically in tumors. Analysis of scRNA-seq datasets suggests that PGE2 and prostacyclins are derived from fibroblasts, PGD2 and thromboxanes from myeloid cells, and PGD2 and 5-HETE from tuft cells. In patient samples, we identified a transition from PGD2 to PGE2-producing enzymes in the epithelium during the transition to PDAC, fibroblast/tumor expression of PTGIS, and myeloid/tumor cell expression of TBXAS1. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses identify key changes in eicosanoid species during pancreatic tumorigenesis and the cell types that contribute to their synthesis. Thromboxane and prostacyclin expression is conserved between animal models and human disease and may represent new druggable targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikas B. Gubbala
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological
Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - Nidhi Jytosana
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, TN, 37232
| | - Vincent Q. Trinh
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, 37232
| | - H. Carlo Maurer
- Department of Medicine, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer
Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032
- Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, Technische
Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Razia F. Naeem
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological
Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - Nikki K. Lytle
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological
Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - Zhibo Ma
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological
Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - Steven Zhao
- Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis Laboratory, Salk
Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - Wei Lin
- Molecular Medicine Division, Translational Genomics
Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85004
| | - Haiyong Han
- Molecular Medicine Division, Translational Genomics
Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85004
| | - Yu Shi
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for
Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - Tony Hunter
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for
Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - Pankaj K. Singh
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of
Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198
| | - Kenneth P. Olive
- Department of Medicine, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer
Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032
| | - Marcus C.B. Tan
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, 37232
- Vanderbilt Digestive Disease Research Center, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN,
37232
| | - Susan M. Kaech
- Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis Laboratory, Salk
Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - Geoffrey M. Wahl
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological
Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - Kathleen E. DelGiorno
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, TN, 37232
- Vanderbilt Digestive Disease Research Center, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN,
37232
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dyall SC, Balas L, Bazan NG, Brenna JT, Chiang N, da Costa Souza F, Dalli J, Durand T, Galano JM, Lein PJ, Serhan CN, Taha AY. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and fatty acid-derived lipid mediators: Recent advances in the understanding of their biosynthesis, structures, and functions. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 86:101165. [PMID: 35508275 PMCID: PMC9346631 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are structural components of membrane phospholipids, and influence cellular function via effects on membrane properties, and also by acting as a precursor pool for lipid mediators. These lipid mediators are formed via activation of pathways involving at least one step of dioxygen-dependent oxidation, and are consequently called oxylipins. Their biosynthesis can be either enzymatically-dependent, utilising the promiscuous cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, or cytochrome P450 mixed function oxidase pathways, or nonenzymatic via free radical-catalyzed pathways. The oxylipins include the classical eicosanoids, comprising prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes, and also more recently identified lipid mediators. With the advent of new technologies there is growing interest in identifying these different lipid mediators and characterising their roles in health and disease. This review brings together contributions from some of those at the forefront of research into lipid mediators, who provide brief introductions and summaries of current understanding of the structure and functions of the main classes of nonclassical oxylipins. The topics covered include omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA biosynthesis pathways, focusing on the roles of the different fatty acid desaturase enzymes, oxidized linoleic acid metabolites, omega-3 PUFA-derived specialized pro-resolving mediators, elovanoids, nonenzymatically oxidized PUFAs, and fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids.
Collapse
|
13
|
Bosco A, Dessì A, Zanza C, Pintus R, Fanos V. Resolvins' Obesity-Driven Deficiency: The Implications for Maternal-Fetal Health. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081662. [PMID: 35458224 PMCID: PMC9029397 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Since pregnancy is already characterized by mild but significant inflammatory activity in physiological conditions, when complicated by obesity the probability of a persistent inflammatory state increases, with consequent multiple repercussions that add up to the complications associated with acute inflammation. In this context, the role of resolvins, specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), deriving from omega-3 essential fatty acids, may be crucial. Indeed, differential production in numerous high-risk conditions associated with both childbirth and neonatal health, the correlation between maternal omega-3 intake and resolvin concentrations in maternal blood and at the placental level, and the high values found in breast milk in the first month of breastfeeding, are some of the most important hallmarks of these autacoids. In addition, a growing body of scientific evidence supports the lack of SPMs, at the level of immune-metabolic tissues, in the case of obesity. Furthermore, the obesity-related lack of SPMs seems to be decisive in the context of the current outbreak of COVID-19, as it appears to be one of the causes associated with the higher incidence of complications and negative outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The usefulness of metabolomics in this field appears clear, given that through the metabolome it is possible to observe the numerous and complex interactions between the mother, the placenta and the fetus in order to identify specific biomarkers useful in the prediction, diagnosis and monitoring of the various obstetric conditions. However, further investigations are needed in order to evaluate the possible use of some resolvins as biomarkers of maternal–fetal outcomes but also to establish adequate integration values in pregnant women with omega-3 fatty acids or with more active derivatives that guarantee optimal SPM production under risky conditions.
Collapse
|
14
|
Decsi T, Marosvölgyi T, Muszil E, Bódy B, Szabó É. Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Status at Birth and Development of Childhood Allergy: A Systematic Review. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:526. [PMID: 35455017 PMCID: PMC9030843 DOI: 10.3390/life12040526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The associations of fetal fatty acids status to immune-related health parameters later in life are unclear. Our aim is to collect all available information on the relationship between fatty acid status at birth and allergy in childhood. Systematic literature search was performed on Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Embase. The search retrieved 897 articles without duplicates; 14 articles remained after excluding those that did not fit into our inclusion criteria. When the dichotomous parameter of suffering or not from allergic condition in childhood was analyzed, cord blood eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) values proved to be significantly lower in allergic than non-allergic children in four comparisons from three studies. When the linear parameters of odds ratios and relative risks for allergy were taken into consideration, high cord blood EPA, but also high docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and high total n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid values were associated to clinically relevant reduction (at least 38%) in eight comparisons from five studies. Within the cord blood samples, higher EPA, docosapentaenoic acid, and DHA values were significantly and negatively associated in eight correlation analyses from three studies with laboratory parameters considered to reflect allergic trait. The data reported here may provide information for defining optimal fatty acid intakes for pregnant women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Decsi
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Centre, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary; (T.D.); (E.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Tamás Marosvölgyi
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Eszter Muszil
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Centre, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary; (T.D.); (E.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Blanka Bódy
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Centre, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary; (T.D.); (E.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Éva Szabó
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Thompson M, Ulu A, Yuil-Valdes AG, Mukherjee M, Thoene M, Van Ormer M, Slotkowski R, Lyden E, Anderson Berry A, Hanson CK, Nordgren TM, Natarajan SK. Omega-6 and Omega-3 Fatty Acid-Derived Oxylipins from the Lipoxygenase Pathway in Maternal and Umbilical Cord Plasma at Delivery and Their Relationship with Infant Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020708. [PMID: 35054892 PMCID: PMC8775763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are important for neonatal development and health. One mechanism by which omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids exert their effects is through their metabolism into oxylipins and specialized pro-resolving mediators. However, the influence of oxylipins on fetal growth is not well understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify oxylipins present in maternal and umbilical cord plasma and investigate their relationship with infant growth. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify oxylipin levels in plasma collected at the time of delivery. Spearman's correlations highlighted significant correlations between metabolite levels and infant growth. They were then adjusted for maternal obesity (normal body mass index (BMI: ≤30 kg/m2) vs. obese BMI (>30 kg/m2) and smoking status (never vs. current/former smoker) using linear regression modeling. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Our study demonstrated a diverse panel of oxylipins from the lipoxygenase pathway present at the time of delivery. In addition, both omega-3 and omega-6 oxylipins demonstrated potential influences on the birth length and weight percentiles. The oxylipins present during pregnancy may influence fetal growth and development, suggesting potential metabolites to be used as biomarkers for infant outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maranda Thompson
- Pediatrics Department, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.T.); (M.T.); (M.V.O.); (R.S.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Arzu Ulu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (A.U.); (T.M.N.)
| | - Ana G. Yuil-Valdes
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Maheswari Mukherjee
- Cytotechnology Education, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Melissa Thoene
- Pediatrics Department, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.T.); (M.T.); (M.V.O.); (R.S.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Matthew Van Ormer
- Pediatrics Department, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.T.); (M.T.); (M.V.O.); (R.S.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Rebecca Slotkowski
- Pediatrics Department, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.T.); (M.T.); (M.V.O.); (R.S.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Elizabeth Lyden
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Ann Anderson Berry
- Pediatrics Department, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.T.); (M.T.); (M.V.O.); (R.S.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Corrine K. Hanson
- Medical Nutrition Education, College of Allied Health Profession, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Tara M. Nordgren
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (A.U.); (T.M.N.)
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80525, USA
| | - Sathish Kumar Natarajan
- Department of Nutrition & Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-402-805-7520
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mauro AK, Rengarajan A, Albright C, Boeldt DS. Fatty acids in normal and pathological pregnancies. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 539:111466. [PMID: 34610360 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Long chain fatty acids, namely omega-3 and omega-6, are essential fatty acids and are necessary for proper pregnancy progression and fetal growth and development. Maternal fatty acid consumption and release of fatty acids from lipid stores provide increased availability of fatty acids for the placenta to transport to the growing fetus. Both omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are then utilized for generation of signaling molecules, such as eicosanoids, and for promoting of growth and developmental, most notably in the nervous system. Perturbations in fatty acid concentration and fatty acid signaling have been implicated in three major pregnancy complications - gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and preterm birth. In this review we discuss the growing literature surrounding the role of fatty acids in normal and pathological pregnancies. Differences in maternal, placental, and fetal fatty acids and molecular regulation of fatty acid signaling and transport are presented. A look into novel fatty acid-based therapies for each of the highlighted disorders are discussed, and may present exciting bench to bedside alternatives to traditional pharmacological intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Mauro
- Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, School Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Aishwarya Rengarajan
- Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, School Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Carly Albright
- Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, School Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Derek S Boeldt
- Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, School Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53715, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Associations between Dietary Patterns and Inflammatory Markers during Pregnancy: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030834. [PMID: 33806342 PMCID: PMC8000934 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated inflammation in pregnancy has been associated with multiple adverse pregnancy outcomes and potentially an increased susceptibility to future chronic disease. How maternal dietary patterns influence systemic inflammation during pregnancy requires further investigation. The purpose of this review was to comprehensively evaluate studies that assessed dietary patterns and inflammatory markers during pregnancy. This review was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses. Included studies were sourced from EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus and evaluated using The Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Inclusion criteria consisted of human studies published in English between January 2007 and May 2020 that addressed associations between dietary patterns and inflammatory markers during pregnancy. Studies focused on a single nutrient, supplementation, or combined interventions were excluded. A total of 17 studies were included. Despite some inconsistent findings, maternal diets characterized by a higher intake of animal protein and cholesterol and/or a lower intake of fiber were shown to be associated with certain pro-inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α), IL-8, serum amyloid A (SAA), and glycoprotein acetylation (GlycA)). Future studies that explore a broader range of inflammatory markers in the pregnant population, reduce measurement errors, and ensure adequate statistical adjustment are warranted.
Collapse
|
18
|
Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (LCPUFAs) and the Developing Immune System: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010247. [PMID: 33467123 PMCID: PMC7830895 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is complex: it involves many cell types and numerous chemical mediators. An immature immune response increases susceptibility to infection, whilst imbalances amongst immune components leading to loss of tolerance can result in immune-mediated diseases including food allergies. Babies are born with an immature immune response. The immune system develops in early life and breast feeding promotes immune maturation and protects against infections and may protect against allergies. The long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are considered to be important components of breast milk. AA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and DHA are also present in the membranes of cells of the immune system and act through multiple interacting mechanisms to influence immune function. The effects of AA and of mediators derived from AA are often different from the effects of the n-3 LCPUFAs (i.e., EPA and DHA) and of mediators derived from them. Studies of supplemental n-3 LCPUFAs in pregnant women show some effects on cord blood immune cells and their responses. These studies also demonstrate reduced sensitisation of infants to egg, reduced risk and severity of atopic dermatitis in the first year of life, and reduced persistent wheeze and asthma at ages 3 to 5 years, especially in children of mothers with low habitual intake of n-3 LCPUFAs. Immune markers in preterm and term infants fed formula with AA and DHA were similar to those in infants fed human milk, whereas those in infants fed formula without LCPUFAs were not. Infants who received formula plus LCPUFAs (both AA and DHA) showed a reduced risk of allergic disease and respiratory illness than infants who received standard formula. Studies in which infants received n-3 LCPUFAs report immune differences from controls that suggest better immune maturation and they show lower risk of allergic disease and respiratory illness over the first years of life. Taken together, these findings suggest that LCPUFAs play a role in immune development that is of clinical significance, particularly with regard to allergic sensitisation and allergic manifestations including wheeze and asthma.
Collapse
|
19
|
Desoye G, Herrera E. Adipose tissue development and lipid metabolism in the human fetus: The 2020 perspective focusing on maternal diabetes and obesity. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 81:101082. [PMID: 33383022 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During development, the human fetus accrues the highest proportion of fat of all mammals. Precursors of fat lobules can be found at week 14 of pregnancy. Thereafter, they expand, filling with triacylglycerols during pregnancy. The resultant mature lipid-filled adipocytes emerge from a developmental programme of embryonic stem cells, which is regulated differently than adult adipogenesis. Fetal triacylglycerol synthesis uses glycerol and fatty acids derived predominantly from glycolysis and lipogenesis in liver and adipocytes. The fatty acid composition of fetal adipose tissue at the end of pregnancy shows a preponderance of palmitic acid, and differs from the mother. Maternal diabetes mellitus does not influence this fatty acid profile. Glucose oxidation is the main source of energy for the fetus, but mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation also contributes. Indirect evidence suggests the presence of lipoprotein lipase in fetal adipose tissue. Its activity may be increased under hyperinsulinemic conditions as in maternal diabetes mellitus and obesity, thereby contributing to increased triacylglycerol deposition found in the newborns of such pregnancies. Fetal lipolysis is low. Changes in the expression of genes controlling metabolism in fetal adipose tissue appear to contribute actively to the increased neonatal fat mass found in diabetes and obesity. Many of these processes are under endocrine regulation, principally by insulin, and show sex-differences. Novel fatty acid derived signals such as oxylipins are present in cord blood with as yet undiscovered function. Despite many decades of research on fetal lipid deposition and metabolism, many key questions await answers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Desoye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - E Herrera
- Faculties of Pharmacy and Medicine, University CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lindberg R, Lindqvist M, Trupp M, Vinnars MT, Nording ML. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Metabolites in Hyperemesis Gravidarum. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113384. [PMID: 33158081 PMCID: PMC7694173 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been studied in relation to pregnancy. However, there is limited knowledge on PUFAs and their metabolites in relation to hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), a pregnancy complication associated with nutritional deficiencies and excessive vomiting. In order to survey the field, a systematic review of the literature was performed, which also included nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) due to its close relationship with HG. In the very few published studies found, the main subjects of the research concerned free fatty acids (four records), lipid profiles (three records), and bioactive lipids (one article about prostaglandin E2 and one about endocannabinoids). The authors of these studies concluded that, although no cause-and-effect relationship can be established, HG is linked to increased sympathetic responsiveness, thermogenic activity and metabolic rate. In addition, NVP is linked to a metabolic perturbance (which lasts throughout pregnancy). The low number of retrieved records underlines the need for more research in the area of PUFAs and HG, especially with regard to the underlying mechanism for the detected effects, potentially involving growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) since evidence for GDF15 regulation of lipid metabolism and the role for GDF15 and its receptor in nausea and vomiting is emerging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Lindqvist
- Department of Nursing, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Miles Trupp
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Marie-Therese Vinnars
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Örnsköldsvik Hospital, 891 89 Örnsköldsvik, Sweden
| | - Malin L. Nording
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Balas L, Risé P, Gandrath D, Rovati G, Bolego C, Stellari F, Trenti A, Buccellati C, Durand T, Sala A. Rapid Metabolization of Protectin D1 by β-Oxidation of Its Polar Head Chain. J Med Chem 2019; 62:9961-9975. [PMID: 31626541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Protectin D1 [neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1), PD1] has been proposed to play a key role in the resolution of inflammation. Aside from its ω-monohydroxylated metabolite, little has been reported on its metabolic fate. Upon NPD1 incubation in HepG2 cells, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) revealed the formation of two main metabolites, identified as 2,3-dinor-NPD1 and 2,3,4,5-tetranor-NPD1 by comparison with standards obtained through demanding total chemical syntheses. These data represent the first evidence of β-oxidation occurring in specialized proresolving mediators and show that the biotransformation of NPD1 by human hepatoma cells is extremely rapid and faster than that of leukotriene (LTE4). Unlike LTE4, the main metabolic process occurs from the polar head chain of NPD1. It may limit NPD1 systemic circulation and prevent its urinary excretion, making difficult its detection and quantitation in vivo. Interestingly, tetranor-NPD1, but not dinor-NPD1, maintained the bioactivity of the parent NPD1, inhibiting neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro and neutrophil tissue infiltration in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Balas
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) , UMR 5247, CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM , 34093 Montpellier , France
| | - Patrizia Risé
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Balzaretti 9 , 20133 Milano , Italia
| | - Dayaker Gandrath
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) , UMR 5247, CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM , 34093 Montpellier , France
| | - Gianenrico Rovati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Balzaretti 9 , 20133 Milano , Italia
| | - Chiara Bolego
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco , Università di Padova , Largo Meneghetti 2 , 35131 Padova , Italia
| | - Fabio Stellari
- Chiesi Farmaceutici , Via Paradigna , 43122 Parma , Italia
| | - Annalisa Trenti
- Dipartimento di Medicina , Università di Padova, Padova , Via Giustiniani 2 , 35131 Padova , Italia
| | - Carola Buccellati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Balzaretti 9 , 20133 Milano , Italia
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) , UMR 5247, CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM , 34093 Montpellier , France
| | - Angelo Sala
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Balzaretti 9 , 20133 Milano , Italia.,IBIM , Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Via Ugo la Malfa 153 , 90146 Palermo , Italia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ulu A, Sahoo PK, Yuil-Valdes AG, Mukherjee M, Van Ormer M, Muthuraj PG, Thompson M, Anderson Berry A, Hanson CK, Natarajan SK, Nordgren TM. Omega-3 Fatty Acid-Derived Resolvin D2 Regulates Human Placental Vascular Smooth Muscle and Extravillous Trophoblast Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184402. [PMID: 31500240 PMCID: PMC6770915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids are important to pregnancy and neonatal development and health. One mechanism by which omega-3 fatty acids exert their protective effects is through serving as substrates for the generation of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPM) that potently limit and resolve inflammatory processes. We recently identified that SPM levels are increased in maternal blood at delivery as compared to umbilical cord blood, suggesting the placenta as a potential site of action for maternal SPM. To explore this hypothesis, we obtained human placental samples and stained for the SPM resolvin D2 (RvD2) receptor GPR18 via immunohistochemistry. In so doing, we identified GPR18 expression in placental vascular smooth muscle and extravillous trophoblasts of the placental tissues. Using in vitro culturing, we confirmed expression of GPR18 in these cell types and further identified that stimulation with RvD2 led to significantly altered responsiveness (cytoskeletal changes and pro-inflammatory cytokine production) to lipopolysaccharide inflammatory stimulation in human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells and placental trophoblasts. Taken together, these findings establish a role for SPM actions in human placental tissue.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Cells, Cultured
- Docosahexaenoic Acids/pharmacology
- Fatty Acids, Omega-3/pharmacology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Hep G2 Cells
- Humans
- Maternal Age
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Placenta/cytology
- Placenta/drug effects
- Placenta/metabolism
- Pregnancy
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Trophoblasts/cytology
- Trophoblasts/drug effects
- Trophoblasts/metabolism
- Young Adult
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Ulu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Prakash K Sahoo
- Department of Nutrition & Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
| | - Ana G Yuil-Valdes
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Maheswari Mukherjee
- Cytotechnology Education, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Matthew Van Ormer
- Pediatrics Department, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Philma Glora Muthuraj
- Department of Nutrition & Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
| | - Maranda Thompson
- Pediatrics Department, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Ann Anderson Berry
- Pediatrics Department, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Corrine K Hanson
- Medical Nutrition Education, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Sathish Kumar Natarajan
- Department of Nutrition & Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
| | - Tara M Nordgren
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cheng Y, Rong J. Pro-resolving lipid mediators as therapeutic leads for cardiovascular diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:423-436. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1599360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Univ Chinese Med, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Rong
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
van der Does AM, Heijink M, Mayboroda OA, Persson LJ, Aanerud M, Bakke P, Eagan TM, Hiemstra PS, Giera M. Dynamic differences in dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in sputum of COPD patients and controls. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:224-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
25
|
Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation, Pro-Resolving Mediators, and Clinical Outcomes in Maternal-Infant Pairs. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11010098. [PMID: 30621269 PMCID: PMC6356980 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega (n)-3 fatty acids are vital to neonatal maturation, and recent investigations reveal n-3 fatty acids serve as substrates for the biosynthesis of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPM) that have anti-inflammatory and immune-stimulating effects. The role SPM play in the protection against negative maternal-fetal health outcomes is unclear, and there are no current biomarkers of n-3 fatty acid sufficiency. We sought to ascertain the relationships between n-3 fatty acid intake, SPM levels, and maternal-fetal health outcomes. We obtained n-3 fatty acid intake information from 136 mothers admitted for delivery using a food frequency questionnaire and measured docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-derived SPMs resolvin D1 (RvD1) and RvD2 in maternal and cord plasma. We found significantly elevated SPM in maternal versus cord plasma, and increased SPM levels were associated with at-risk outcomes. We also identified that increased DHA intake was associated with elevated maternal plasma RvD1 (p = 0.03; R² = 0.18) and RvD2 (p = 0.04; R² = 0.20) in the setting of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. These findings indicate that increased n-3 fatty acid intake may provide increased substrate for the production of SPM during high-risk pregnancy/delivery conditions, and that increased maternal plasma SPM could serve as a biomarker for negative neonatal outcomes.
Collapse
|
26
|
Norris PC, Skulas-Ray AC, Riley I, Richter CK, Kris-Etherton PM, Jensen GL, Serhan CN, Maddipati KR. Identification of specialized pro-resolving mediator clusters from healthy adults after intravenous low-dose endotoxin and omega-3 supplementation: a methodological validation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:18050. [PMID: 30575798 PMCID: PMC6303400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36679-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Specialized pro-resolving mediator(s) (SPMs) are produced from the endogenous ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and accelerate resolution of acute inflammation. We identified specific clusters of SPM in human plasma and serum using LC-MS/MS based lipid mediator (LM) metabololipidomics in two separate laboratories for inter-laboratory validation. The human plasma cluster consisted of resolvin (Rv)E1, RvD1, lipoxin (LX)B4, 18-HEPE, and 17-HDHA, and the human serum cluster consisted of RvE1, RvD1, AT-LXA4, 18-HEPE, and 17-HDHA. Human plasma and serum SPM clusters were increased after ω-3 supplementation (triglyceride dietary supplements or prescription ethyl esters) and low dose intravenous lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. These results were corroborated by parallel determinations with the same coded samples in a second, separate laboratory using essentially identical metabololipidomic operational parameters. In these healthy subjects, two ω-3 supplementation protocols (Study A and Study B) temporally increased the SPM cluster throughout the endotoxin-challenge time course. Study A and Study B were randomized and Study B also had a crossover design with placebo and endotoxin challenge. Endotoxin challenge temporally regulated lipid mediator production in human serum, where pro-inflammatory eicosanoid (prostaglandins and thromboxane) concentrations peaked by 8 hours post-endotoxin and SPMs such as resolvins and lipoxins initially decreased by 2 h and were then elevated at 24 hours. In healthy adults given ω-3 supplementation, the plasma concentration of the SPM cluster (RvE1, RvD1, LXB4, 18-HEPE, and 17-HDHA) peaked at two hours post endotoxin challenge. These results from two separate laboratories with the same samples provide evidence for temporal production of specific pro-resolving mediators with ω-3 supplementation that together support the role of SPM in vivo in inflammation-resolution in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul C Norris
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ann C Skulas-Ray
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Ian Riley
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Chesney K Richter
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Gordon L Jensen
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Krishna Rao Maddipati
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
ω-3 LCPUFA supplementation during pregnancy and risk of allergic outcomes or sensitization in offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018; 122:302-313.e2. [PMID: 30552987 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic diseases have increased worldwide in the last 2 decades, with children suffering the highest burden of the condition. The ω-3 long-chain poly-unsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) possesses anti-inflammatory properties that could lead to a reduction in inflammatory mediators in allergies. OBJECTIVE A systematic review and meta-analysis of the most recent follow-ups of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was conducted to assess the effectiveness of ω-3 LCPUFA supplementation started during pregnancy on allergic outcomes in offspring. METHODS The RCTs with a minimum of 1-month follow-up post gestation were eligible for inclusion. The CENTRAL, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, WHO's International Clinical Trials Register, E-theses, and Web of Science databases were searched. Study quality was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool. RESULTS Ten RCTs (3,637 children), from 9 unique trials, examined the effectiveness of ω-3 LCPUFA supplementation started during pregnancy on the development of allergic outcomes in offspring. Heterogeneities were seen between the trials in terms of their sample, type, and duration of intervention and follow-up. Pooled estimates showed a significant reduction in childhood "sensitization to egg" (relative risk [RR] = 0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.32-0.90), and "sensitization to peanut" (RR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.40-0.96). No statistical differences were found for other allergic outcomes (eg, eczema, asthma/wheeze). CONCLUSION These results suggest that intake of ω-3 LCPUFA started during pregnancy can reduce the risk of sensitization to egg and peanut; however, the evidence is limited because of the small number of studies that contributed to the meta-analyses. The current evidence on the association between supplementation with ω-3 LCPUFA started during pregnancy and allergic outcomes is weak, because of the risk of bias and heterogeneities between studies.
Collapse
|
28
|
Serhan CN, Chiang N, Dalli J. New pro-resolving n-3 mediators bridge resolution of infectious inflammation to tissue regeneration. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 64:1-17. [PMID: 28802833 PMCID: PMC5832503 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
While protective, the acute inflammatory response when uncontrolled can lead to further tissue damage and chronic inflammation that is now widely recognized to play important roles in many commonly occurring diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic syndrome, and many other diseases of significant public health concern. The ideal response to initial challenges of the host is complete resolution of the acute inflammatory response, which is now recognized to be a biosynthetically active process governed by specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM). These chemically distinct families include lipoxins, resolvins, protectins and maresins that are biosynthesized from essential fatty acids. The biosynthesis and complete stereochemical assignments of the major SPM are established, and new profiling procedures have recently been introduced to document the activation of these pathways in vivo with isolated cells and in human tissues. The active resolution phase leads to tissue regeneration, where we've recently identified new molecules that communicate during resolution of inflammation to activate tissue regeneration in model organisms. This review presents an update on the documentation of the roles of SPMs and the biosynthesis and structural elucidation of novel mediators that stimulate tissue regeneration, coined conjugates in tissue regeneration. The identification and actions of the three families, maresin conjugates in tissue regeneration (MCTR), protectin conjugates in tissue regeneration (PCTR), and resolvin conjugates in tissue regeneration (RCTR), are reviewed here. The identification, structural elucidation and the pathways and biosynthesis of these new mediators in tissue regeneration demonstrate the host capacity to protect from collateral tissue damage, stimulate clearance of bacteria and debris, and promote tissue regeneration via endogenous pathways and molecules in the resolution metabolome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Nan Chiang
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Middleton P, Gomersall JC, Gould JF, Shepherd E, Olsen SF, Makrides M. Omega-3 fatty acid addition during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 11:CD003402. [PMID: 30480773 PMCID: PMC6516961 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd003402.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher intakes of foods containing omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), such as fish, during pregnancy have been associated with longer gestations and improved perinatal outcomes. This is an update of a review that was first published in 2006. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of omega-3 LCPUFA, as supplements or as dietary additions, during pregnancy on maternal, perinatal, and neonatal outcomes and longer-term outcomes for mother and child. SEARCH METHODS For this update, we searched Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth's Trials Register, ClinicalTrials.gov, the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (16 August 2018), and reference lists of retrieved studies. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing omega-3 fatty acids (as supplements or as foods, stand-alone interventions, or with a co-intervention) during pregnancy with placebo or no omega-3, and studies or study arms directly comparing omega-3 LCPUFA doses or types. Trials published in abstract form were eligible for inclusion. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed study eligibility, extracted data, assessed risk of bias in trials and assessed quality of evidence for prespecified birth/infant, maternal, child/adult and health service outcomes using the GRADE approach. MAIN RESULTS In this update, we included 70 RCTs (involving 19,927 women at low, mixed or high risk of poor pregnancy outcomes) which compared omega-3 LCPUFA interventions (supplements and food) compared with placebo or no omega-3. Overall study-level risk of bias was mixed, with selection and performance bias mostly at low risk, but there was high risk of attrition bias in some trials. Most trials were conducted in upper-middle or high-income countries; and nearly half the trials included women at increased/high risk for factors which might increase the risk of adverse maternal and birth outcomes.Preterm birth < 37 weeks (13.4% versus 11.9%; risk ratio (RR) 0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.81 to 0.97; 26 RCTs, 10,304 participants; high-quality evidence) and early preterm birth < 34 weeks (4.6% versus 2.7%; RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.77; 9 RCTs, 5204 participants; high-quality evidence) were both lower in women who received omega-3 LCPUFA compared with no omega-3. Prolonged gestation > 42 weeks was probably increased from 1.6% to 2.6% in women who received omega-3 LCPUFA compared with no omega-3 (RR 1.61 95% CI 1.11 to 2.33; 5141 participants; 6 RCTs; moderate-quality evidence).For infants, there was a possibly reduced risk of perinatal death (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.54 to 1.03; 10 RCTs, 7416 participants; moderate-quality evidence: 62/3715 versus 83/3701 infants) and possibly fewer neonatal care admissions (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.03; 9 RCTs, 6920 participants; moderate-quality evidence - 483/3475 infants versus 519/3445 infants). There was a reduced risk of low birthweight (LBW) babies (15.6% versus 14%; RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.99; 15 trials, 8449 participants; high-quality evidence); but a possible small increase in large-for-gestational age (LGA) babies (RR 1.15, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.36; 6 RCTs, 3722 participants; moderate-quality evidence, for omega-3 LCPUFA compared with no omega-3. Little or no difference in small-for-gestational age or intrauterine growth restriction (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.13; 8 RCTs, 6907 participants; moderate-quality evidence) was seen.For the maternal outcomes, there is insufficient evidence to determine the effects of omega-3 on induction post-term (average RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.22 to 2.98; 3 trials, 2900 participants; low-quality evidence), maternal serious adverse events (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.40 to 2.72; 2 trials, 2690 participants; low-quality evidence), maternal admission to intensive care (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.12 to 2.63; 2 trials, 2458 participants; low-quality evidence), or postnatal depression (average RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.77; 2 trials, 2431 participants; low-quality evidence). Mean gestational length was greater in women who received omega-3 LCPUFA (mean difference (MD) 1.67 days, 95% CI 0.95 to 2.39; 41 trials, 12,517 participants; moderate-quality evidence), and pre-eclampsia may possibly be reduced with omega-3 LCPUFA (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.01; 20 trials, 8306 participants; low-quality evidence).For the child/adult outcomes, very few differences between antenatal omega-3 LCPUFA supplementation and no omega-3 were observed in cognition, IQ, vision, other neurodevelopment and growth outcomes, language and behaviour (mostly low-quality to very low-quality evidence). The effect of omega-3 LCPUFA on body mass index at 19 years (MD 0, 95% CI -0.83 to 0.83; 1 trial, 243 participants; very low-quality evidence) was uncertain. No data were reported for development of diabetes in the children of study participants. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS In the overall analysis, preterm birth < 37 weeks and early preterm birth < 34 weeks were reduced in women receiving omega-3 LCPUFA compared with no omega-3. There was a possibly reduced risk of perinatal death and of neonatal care admission, a reduced risk of LBW babies; and possibly a small increased risk of LGA babies with omega-3 LCPUFA.For our GRADE quality assessments, we assessed most of the important perinatal outcomes as high-quality (e.g. preterm birth) or moderate-quality evidence (e.g. perinatal death). For the other outcome domains (maternal, child/adult and health service outcomes) GRADE ratings ranged from moderate to very low, with over half rated as low. Reasons for downgrading across the domain were mostly due to design limitations and imprecision.Omega-3 LCPUFA supplementation during pregnancy is an effective strategy for reducing the incidence of preterm birth, although it probably increases the incidence of post-term pregnancies. More studies comparing omega-3 LCPUFA and placebo (to establish causality in relation to preterm birth) are not needed at this stage. A further 23 ongoing trials are still to report on over 5000 women, so no more RCTs are needed that compare omega-3 LCPUFA against placebo or no intervention. However, further follow-up of completed trials is needed to assess longer-term outcomes for mother and child, to improve understanding of metabolic, growth and neurodevelopment pathways in particular, and to establish if, and how, outcomes vary by different types of omega-3 LCPUFA, timing and doses; or by characteristics of women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippa Middleton
- Healthy Mothers, Babies and Children, South Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteWomen's and Children's Hospital72 King William RoadAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia5006
| | - Judith C Gomersall
- Healthy Mothers, Babies and Children, South Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteWomen's and Children's Hospital72 King William RoadAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia5006
| | - Jacqueline F Gould
- The University of AdelaideSchool of PsychologyNorth Terrace, AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia5001
| | - Emily Shepherd
- The University of AdelaideARCH: Australian Research Centre for Health of Women and Babies, Robinson Research Institute, Discipline of Obstetrics and GynaecologyAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia5006
| | - Sjurdur F Olsen
- Statens Serum InstitutCentre for Fetal Programming, Department of EpidemiologyCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Maria Makrides
- Healthy Mothers, Babies and Children, South Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteWomen's and Children's Hospital72 King William RoadAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia5006
- The University of AdelaideSchool of Paediatrics and Reproductive HealthAdelaideAustraliaAustralia
- Women's and Children's Health Research InstituteNorth AdelaideAustralia
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Serhan CN, Levy BD. Resolvins in inflammation: emergence of the pro-resolving superfamily of mediators. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:2657-2669. [PMID: 29757195 DOI: 10.1172/jci97943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 801] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Countless times each day, the acute inflammatory response protects us from invading microbes, injuries, and insults from within, as in surgery-induced tissue injury. These challenges go unnoticed because they are self-limited and naturally resolve without progressing to chronic inflammation. Peripheral blood markers of inflammation are present in many common diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, and cancer. While acute inflammation is protective, excessive swarming of neutrophils amplifies collateral tissue damage and inflammation. Hence, understanding the mechanisms that control the resolution of acute inflammation provides insight into preventing and treating inflammatory diseases in multiple organs. This Review focuses on the resolution phase of inflammation with identification of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) that involve three separate biosynthetic and potent mediator families, which are defined using the first quantitative resolution indices to score this vital process. These are the resolvins, protectins, and maresins: bioactive metabolomes that each stimulate self-limited innate responses, enhance innate microbial killing and clearance, and are organ-protective. We briefly address biosynthesis of SPMs and their activation of endogenous resolution programs as terrain for new therapeutic approaches that are not, by definition, immunosuppressive, but rather new immunoresolvent therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, and
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chiang N, Serhan CN. Structural elucidation and physiologic functions of specialized pro-resolving mediators and their receptors. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 58:114-129. [PMID: 28336292 PMCID: PMC5623601 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The acute inflammatory response is host-protective to contain foreign invaders. Many of today's pharmacopeia that block pro-inflammatory chemical mediators can cause serious unwanted side effects such as immune suppression. Uncontrolled inflammation is now considered a pathophysiologic basis associated with many widely occurring diseases such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, obesity and asthma, as well as the classic inflammatory diseases, e.g. arthritis, periodontal diseases. The inflammatory response is designated to be a self-limited process that produces a superfamily of chemical mediators that stimulate resolution of inflammatory responses. Specialized proresolving mediators (SPM) uncovered in recent years are endogenous mediators that include omega-3-derived families resolvins, protectins and maresins, as well as arachidonic acid-derived (n-6) lipoxins that stimulate and promote resolution of inflammation, clearance of microbes, reduce pain and promote tissue regeneration via novel mechanisms. Here, we review recent evidence from human and preclinical animal studies, together with the structural and functional elucidation of SPM indicating the SPM as physiologic mediators and pharmacologic agonists that stimulate resolution of inflammation and infection. These results suggest that it is time to develop immunoresolvents as agonists for testing resolution pharmacology in nutrition and health as well as in human diseases and during surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Chiang
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Elliott E, Hanson CK, Anderson-Berry AL, Nordgren TM. The role of specialized pro-resolving mediators in maternal-fetal health. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 126:98-104. [PMID: 29031403 PMCID: PMC5647871 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Infants developing in a pro-inflammatory intrauterine environment have a significant risk for severe complications after birth. It has been shown that omega-3 fatty acids reduce inflammation, and also reduce early preterm births and decrease risk of infant admission to the neonatal intensive care unit. However, the mechanism for omega-3 fatty acids exerting these effects was previously unknown. Recent evidence has shown that downstream products of polyunsaturated fatty acids called specialized pro-resolving mediators may mediate inflammatory physiology, thus playing an important role in maternal-fetal health. In this review, current knowledge relating to specialized pro-resolving mediators in pregnancy, delivery, and perinatal disease states will be summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Elliott
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Pediatrics, 981205 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-1205, United States
| | - C K Hanson
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Allied Health Professions, Medical Nutrition Education, 984045 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4045, United States
| | - A L Anderson-Berry
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Pediatrics, 981205 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-1205, United States
| | - T M Nordgren
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, 985910 Nebraska Medicine, Omaha, NE 68198-5910, United States; University of California Riverside, Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Liu Y, Fang X, Zhang X, Huang J, He J, Peng L, Ye C, Wang Y, Xue F, Ai D, Li D, Zhu Y. Metabolic profiling of murine plasma reveals eicosapentaenoic acid metabolites protecting against endothelial activation and atherosclerosis. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:1190-1204. [PMID: 28771708 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Atherosclerosis results from a maladaptive inflammatory response initiated by the intramural retention of LDL in susceptible areas of the arterial vasculature. The ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3) have protective effects in atherosclerosis; however, their molecular mechanism is still largely unknown. The present study used a metabolomic approach to reveal the atheroprotective metabolites of ω-3 and investigate the underlying mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We evaluated the development of atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-deficient mice (LDLR-/- ) fed a Western-type diet (WTD) plus ω-3 and also LDLR-/- and fat-1 transgenic (LDLR-/- -fat-1tg ) mice fed a WTD. The profiles of ω-3 in the plasma were screened by LC-MS/MS using unbiased systematic metabolomics analysis. We also studied the effect of metabolites of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on endothelial activation in vitro. KEY RESULTS The ω-3 diet and fat-1 transgene decreased monocyte infiltration, inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory genes and significantly attenuated atherosclerotic plaque formation and enhanced plaque stability in LDLR-/- mice. The content of 18-hydroxy-eicosapentaenoic acid (18-HEPE) and 17,18-epoxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (17,18-EEQ), from the cytochrome P450 pathway of EPA, was significantly higher in plasma from both ω-3-treated LDLR-/- and LDLR-/- -fat-1tg mice as compared with WTD-fed LDLR-/- mice. In vitro in endothelial cells, 18-HEPE or 17,18-EEQ decreased inflammatory gene expression induced by TNFα via NF-κB signalling and thereby inhibited monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS EPA protected against the development of atherosclerosis in atheroprone mice via the metabolites 18-HEPE and/or 17,18-EEQ, which reduced endothelial activation. These compounds may have therapeutic implications in atherosclerosis. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Spotlight on Small Molecules in Cardiovascular Diseases. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.8/issuetoc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajin Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuan Fang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinlong He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liyuan Peng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenji Ye
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingmei Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengxia Xue
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ding Ai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Robinson DT, Palac HL, Baillif V, Van Goethem E, Dubourdeau M, Van Horn L, Martin CR. Long chain fatty acids and related pro-inflammatory, specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators and their intermediates in preterm human milk during the first month of lactation. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 121:1-6. [PMID: 28651692 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to measure longitudinal quantities of the long chain fatty acids, their biologically active terminal metabolites and related intermediates (also called oxylipins) in preterm human milk expressed during the first month of lactation. In a prospective cohort, breast milk was collected throughout the first month of lactation in 30 women who delivered preterm infants. Eighteen bioactive lipids and their intermediates were quantified via solid phase extraction and LC-MS/MS. Analysis by GC-FID quantified the fatty acid precursors. Arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) milk concentrations significantly declined throughout the first month. Oxylipin concentrations did not change during lactation. Positive associations existed between ARA and thromboxane B2, eicosapentaenoic acid and 18-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid, and between DHA and PDX and 14- and 17-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acids. DHA concentrations were 1.5 times higher and 14-HDHA was 1.7 times higher in milk from women taking DHA supplements. This investigation showed conditionally essential fatty acids, ARA and DHA, decreased in preterm milk, suggesting a need to supplement their intake for the breast milk-fed preterm infant. Positive associations between parent fatty acids, bioactive lipids and intermediates, as well as sensitivity of milk to maternal fatty acid intake, support consideration of a comprehensive approach to providing fatty acids for preterm infants through both maternal and infant supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D T Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - H L Palac
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - L Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - C R Martin
- Department of Neonatology and Division of Translational Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Dalli J. Does promoting resolution instead of inhibiting inflammation represent the new paradigm in treating infections? Mol Aspects Med 2017; 58:12-20. [PMID: 28365269 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Infections arise when the host response is overwhelmed by pathogens leading to organ dysfunction. In some instances patients progress to more severe conditions, including septic shock, that are associated with increased mortality. Current strategies in treating infections aim at either blocking inflammation using inhibitors to pro-inflammatory molecules and/or inhibiting bacterial growth using antibiotics. These approaches find their origins in studies conducted by Joseph Lister who demonstrated that applying carbolic acid to wounds promoted wound healing without suppuration, reducing both the necessity of amputation and mortality. While this approach is still applicable to certain infections, inhibition of the immune response is also associated with increased mortality, especially in septic patients. In many instances sepsis survivors succumb later to persistent, recurrent, nosocomial and secondary infections. This, together with a rise in resistance to many frontline antibiotics, has prompted a search for alternative ways to treat infections. Recent studies investigating processes engaged by the host response during self-resolving infections identified a novel group of mediators, termed as specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM). These molecules, produced via the enzymatic conversion of essential fatty acids, actively reprogram the immune response to promote clearance of invading pathogens, and counter-regulate the production of inflammation-initiating molecules. Furthermore, recent studies also demonstrate that these mediators promote tissue repair and regeneration, essential processes in the re-establishment of barrier and prevention of re-infection. The scope of the present review is to discuss the evidence underpinning the endogenous protective roles of these novel mediators, as well as the evidence demonstrating that dysregulation in their production and actions contribute to disease pathogenesis in infections. This review will also discuss the potential of resolution pharmacology-based approaches in developing new therapeutics for combatting infections that do not interfere with the immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesmond Dalli
- Lipid Mediator Unit, Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Serhan CN. Treating inflammation and infection in the 21st century: new hints from decoding resolution mediators and mechanisms. FASEB J 2017; 31:1273-1288. [PMID: 28087575 PMCID: PMC5349794 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601222r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Practitioners of ancient societies from the time of Hippocrates and earlier recognized and treated the signs of inflammation, heat, redness, swelling, and pain with agents that block or inhibit proinflammatory chemical mediators. More selective drugs are available today, but this therapeutic concept has not changed. Because the acute inflammatory response is host protective to contain foreign invaders, much of today's pharmacopeia can cause serious unwanted side effects, such as immune suppression. Uncontrolled inflammation is now considered pathophysiologic and is associated with many widely occurring diseases such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, obesity, and asthma, as well as classic inflammatory diseases (e.g., arthritis and periodontal diseases). The inflammatory response, when self-limited, produces a superfamily of chemical mediators that stimulate resolution of the response. Specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs), identified in recent years, are endogenous mediators that include the n-3-derived families resolvins, protectins, and maresins, as well as arachidonic acid-derived (n-6) lipoxins, which promote resolution of inflammation, clearance of microbes, reduction of pain, and promotion of tissue regeneration via novel mechanisms. Aspirin and statins have a positive impact on these resolution pathways, producing epimeric forms of specific SPMs, whereas other drugs can disrupt timely resolution. In this article, evidence from recent human and preclinical animal studies is reviewed, indicating that SPMs are physiologic mediators and pharmacologic agonists that stimulate resolution of inflammation and infection. The findings suggest that it is time to challenge current treatment practices-namely, using inhibitors and antagonists alone-and to develop immunoresolvents as agonists to test resolution pharmacology and their role in catabasis for their therapeutic potential.-Serhan, C. N. Treating inflammation and infection in the 21st century: new hints from decoding resolution mediators and mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|