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Suárez J, de Ceglia M, Rodríguez-Pozo M, Vargas A, Santos I, Melgar-Locatelli S, Castro-Zavala A, Castilla-Ortega E, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Decara J, Rivera P. Inhibition of Adult Neurogenesis in Male Mice after Repeated Exposure to Paracetamol Overdose. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1964. [PMID: 38396643 PMCID: PMC10888347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Paracetamol, or acetaminophen (N-acetyl-para-aminophenol, APAP), is an analgesic and antipyretic drug that is commonly used worldwide, implicated in numerous intoxications due to overdose, and causes serious liver damage. APAP can cross the blood-brain barrier and affects brain function in numerous ways, including pain signals, temperature regulation, neuroimmune response, and emotional behavior; however, its effect on adult neurogenesis has not been thoroughly investigated. We analyze, in a mouse model of hepatotoxicity, the effect of APAP overdose (750 mg/kg/day) for 3 and 4 consecutive days and after the cessation of APAP administration for 6 and 15 days on cell proliferation and survival in two relevant neurogenic zones: the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus and the hypothalamus. The involvement of liver damage (plasma transaminases), neuronal activity (c-Fos), and astroglia (glial fibrillar acidic protein, GFAP) were also evaluated. Our results indicated that repeated APAP overdoses are associated with the inhibition of adult neurogenesis in the context of elevated liver transaminase levels, neuronal hyperactivity, and astrogliosis. These effects were partially reversed after the cessation of APAP administration for 6 and 15 days. In conclusion, these results suggest that APAP overdose impairs adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus and hypothalamus, a fact that may contribute to the effects of APAP on brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Suárez
- Departamento de Anatomía Humana, Medicina Legal e Historia de la Ciencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (J.S.); (M.R.-P.); (I.S.)
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Instituto IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Av. de Carlos Haya, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.d.C.); (A.V.); (S.M.-L.); (A.C.-Z.); (E.C.-O.); (F.R.d.F.)
| | - Marialuisa de Ceglia
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Instituto IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Av. de Carlos Haya, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.d.C.); (A.V.); (S.M.-L.); (A.C.-Z.); (E.C.-O.); (F.R.d.F.)
| | - Miguel Rodríguez-Pozo
- Departamento de Anatomía Humana, Medicina Legal e Historia de la Ciencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (J.S.); (M.R.-P.); (I.S.)
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Instituto IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Av. de Carlos Haya, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.d.C.); (A.V.); (S.M.-L.); (A.C.-Z.); (E.C.-O.); (F.R.d.F.)
| | - Antonio Vargas
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Instituto IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Av. de Carlos Haya, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.d.C.); (A.V.); (S.M.-L.); (A.C.-Z.); (E.C.-O.); (F.R.d.F.)
| | - Ignacio Santos
- Departamento de Anatomía Humana, Medicina Legal e Historia de la Ciencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (J.S.); (M.R.-P.); (I.S.)
| | - Sonia Melgar-Locatelli
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Instituto IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Av. de Carlos Haya, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.d.C.); (A.V.); (S.M.-L.); (A.C.-Z.); (E.C.-O.); (F.R.d.F.)
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Adriana Castro-Zavala
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Instituto IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Av. de Carlos Haya, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.d.C.); (A.V.); (S.M.-L.); (A.C.-Z.); (E.C.-O.); (F.R.d.F.)
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Estela Castilla-Ortega
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Instituto IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Av. de Carlos Haya, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.d.C.); (A.V.); (S.M.-L.); (A.C.-Z.); (E.C.-O.); (F.R.d.F.)
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Instituto IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Av. de Carlos Haya, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.d.C.); (A.V.); (S.M.-L.); (A.C.-Z.); (E.C.-O.); (F.R.d.F.)
- Unidad Clínica de Neurología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto IBMA-Plataforma BIONAND, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Decara
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Instituto IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Av. de Carlos Haya, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.d.C.); (A.V.); (S.M.-L.); (A.C.-Z.); (E.C.-O.); (F.R.d.F.)
| | - Patricia Rivera
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Instituto IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Av. de Carlos Haya, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.d.C.); (A.V.); (S.M.-L.); (A.C.-Z.); (E.C.-O.); (F.R.d.F.)
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Li Q, Zhang W, Cheng N, Zhu Y, Li H, Zhang S, Guo W, Ge G. Pectolinarigenin ameliorates acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury via attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory response in Nrf2 and PPARa dependent manners. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 113:154726. [PMID: 36863308 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cirsii Japonici Herba Carbonisata (Dajitan in Chinese) has been used to treat liver disorders in Asian countries. Pectolinarigenin (PEC), an abundant constituent in Dajitan, has been found to possess a wide range of biological benefits, including hepatoprotective effects. However, the effects of PEC on acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury (AILI) and the underlying mechanisms have not been studied. PURPOSES To explore the role and mechanisms of PEC in protecting against AILI. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The hepatoprotective benefits of PEC were studied using a mouse model and HepG2 cells. PEC was tested for its effects by injecting it intraperitoneally before APAP administration. To assess liver damage, histological and biochemical tests were performed. The levels of inflammatory factors in the liver were measured using RT-PCR and ELISA. Western blotting was used to measure the expression of a panel of key proteins involved in APAP metabolism, as well as Nrf2 and PPARα. PEC mechanisms on AILI were investigated using HepG2 cells, while the Nrf2 inhibitor (ML385) and PPARα inhibitor (GW6471) were used to validate the importance of either Nrf2 and PPARα in the hepatoprotective effects of PEC. RESULTS PEC treatment decreased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels in the liver. PEC pretreatment increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) while decreasing malondialdehyde production (MDA). PEC could also up-regulate two important APAP detoxification enzymes (UGT1A1 and SULT1A1). Further research revealed that PEC reduced hepatic oxidative damage and inflammation, and up-regulated APAP detoxification enzymes in hepatocytes by activating the Nrf2 and PPARα signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS PEC ameliorates AILI by decreasing hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation while increasing phase Ⅱ detoxification enzymes related to APAP harmless metabolism through activation of Nrf2 and PPARα signaling. Hence, PEC may serve as a promising therapeutic drug against AILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Organ Transplantation; Henan Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, No. 1, East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Nuo Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Organ Transplantation; Henan Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, No. 1, East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yadi Zhu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Organ Transplantation; Henan Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, No. 1, East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shuijun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Organ Transplantation; Henan Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, No. 1, East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wenzhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Organ Transplantation; Henan Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, No. 1, East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Transcriptional profiling of drug-induced liver injury biomarkers: association of hepatic Srebf1/Pparα signaling and crosstalk of thrombin, alcohol dehydrogenase, MDR and DNA damage regulators. Mol Cell Biochem 2022:10.1007/s11010-022-04648-1. [PMID: 36583794 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04648-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cell stress transcribing genes provide a diverse platform of molecular mediators that vary in response to toxicity. Common drug-induced liver injury (DILI) biomarkers are usually expressed in mild toxicity and limited to confirming it rather than categorizing its intensity. Thus, new parametric biomarkers are needed to be explored. Classifying the toxicological response based on the dose-level and severity of stimuli will aid in the evaluation and approach against drug exposure. The present research explored the involvement of gene expression of potential biomarkers as a severity-specific hallmark in different acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity levels in C57BL/6 mice. The differentially expressed genes were annotated and analyzed using bioinformatics tools to predict canonical pathways altered by DILI. The results revealed alteration in genes encoding for antioxidant enhancement; Slc7a11, bile efflux; MDR4, fatty acid metabolism and transcriptional factors namely Srebf1 and Pparα. Potential APAP toxicity biomarkers included Adh1 and thrombin, and other DNA damage and stress chaperones which were changed at least fourfold between control and the three tested severity models. The current investigation demonstrates a dose-mediated association of several hallmark genes in APAP-induced liver damage and addressed the involvement of uncommonly studied molecular responses. Such biomarkers can be further developed into predictive models, translated for risk assessment against drug exposure and guide in building theragnostic targets.
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Bashir S, Morgan WA. Inhibition of mitochondrial function: An alternative explanation for the antipyretic and hypothermic actions of acetaminophen. Life Sci 2022; 312:121194. [PMID: 36379307 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Acetaminophen is the medication of choice when treating fever because of its limited anti-inflammatory effects. However at overdose it can cause mitochondrial dysfunction and damage, often associated with metabolism to N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI). What has never been investigated is whether the inhibition of mitochondrial function, particularly fatty acid uptake and oxidation could be the key to its antipyretic and hypothermic properties. METHODS Mitochondrial function and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) was determined by measuring oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in isolated mitochondria and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes using the XFp Analyser. Basal fatty acids and adrenergic stimulated OCR of mitochondria and 3T3-L1 adipocytes were assessed with acetaminophen and compared to NAPQI, etomoxir, and various mitochondrial stress compounds. KEY FINDINGS Using the XFp Analyser, acetaminophen (10 mM) decreased FAO by 31 % and 29 % in basal and palmitate stimulated adipocytes. NAPQI (50 μM) caused a 63 % decrease in both basal and palmitate stimulated FAO. Acetaminophen (10 mM) caused a 34 % reduction in basal and adrenergic stimulated OCR. In addition acetaminophen also inhibited complex I and II activity at 5 mM. NAPQI was far more potent at reducing mitochondrial respiratory capacity, maximum respiratory rates and ATP production than acetaminophen. SIGNIFICANCE These studies demonstrate the direct inhibition of mitochondrial function by acetaminophen at concentrations which have been shown to reduce fever and hypothermia in mammals. Understanding how antipyretics directly affect mitochondrial function and heat generation could lead to the development of new antipyretics which are not compromised by the anti-inflammatory and toxicity of the current medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazma Bashir
- The Medicines Research Group, School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, Stratford Campus, Water Lane, London E15 4LZ, UK
| | - Winston A Morgan
- The Medicines Research Group, School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, Stratford Campus, Water Lane, London E15 4LZ, UK.
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Liu K, Chen X, Ren Y, Liu C, Zhang J, Wang Z, Li Y, Zhang Y. 3,3',5-triiodo-l-thyronine inhibits drug-induced liver injury through activation of PPARα as revealed by network pharmacology and biological experimental verification. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 448:116098. [PMID: 35662663 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) has increased in recent years, leading to acute liver failure. 3,3',5-triiodo-l-thyronine (T3) has been reported to exert a potent hepatoprotective effect. However, the mechanism and efficacy of T3 on DILI remain undocumented. In this study, an MTT assay was used to detect the effect of T3 on hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen (APAP) in L02 cells. Then, we screened key targets and related biological pathways by network pharmacology. Finally, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to verify the mechanism and key targets of T3 on DILI. The results of the MTT assay showed that T3 significantly decreased hepatocellular injury induced by APAP. Network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis showed that 118 intersection targets of T3 and DILI were identified and the mechanism of T3 on DILI was related to cell proliferation and oxidative stress. ELISA results showed that T3 may be an effective treatment for DILI as biomarkers of hepatocellular injury such as AST, ALP were decreased compared to APAP only treated cells, and the mechanism of T3 may be mediated in part through improving redox balance. The topological parameter screening results suggested 12 key targets of T3 for DILI. Among them, PPARα is associated with DILI, and activation of PPARα can reduce oxidative stress and cell necrosis. Therefore, PPARα was identified as a target for verification. qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that T3 could reverse the down-regulation of PPARα induced by APAP exposure. Taken together, we demonstrated for the first time that T3 could activate PPARα, promote cell proliferation and reduce oxidative stress, and play a vital role in the treatment of DILI, which provides a reference for T3 as a candidate treatment for DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yue Ren
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Chaoqun Liu
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Zian Wang
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yingying Li
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
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Ezhilarasan D, Raghunandhakumar S. Boldine treatment protects acetaminophen-induced liver inflammation and acute hepatic necrosis in mice. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22697. [PMID: 33393705 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a frequent cause responsible for acute liver failure (ALF). Acetaminophen (APAP) is a known hepatotoxin predictably causing intrinsic DILI. At high doses, APAP causes acute liver necrosis and responsible for ALF and liver transplant cases in 50% and 20% of patients, respectively, in the United States alone. Oxidative stress and glutathione depletion are implicated in APAP-induced liver necrosis. Boldine, a plant-derived compound is shown to have promising antioxidant potential. Therefore, this study investigates the protective effect of boldine against APAP-induced acute hepatic necrosis in mice. A single toxic dose of APAP (300 mg/kg b.w. p.o.) was administered in overnight-fasted mice to induce acute liver necrosis. Separately, APAP + boldine and APAP + N-acetylcysteine (NAC) simultaneous treatments were also given. Serum transaminases and reduced glutathione, enzymic antioxidants, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and, IL-6 were evaluated in liver tissue. Acute APAP intoxication significantly elevated serum marker enzymes of hepatotoxicity. APAP administration increased lipid peroxidation, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 protein expressions. The enzymic antioxidants and reduced glutathione levels were decreased in liver tissue of APAP intoxicated mice. Boldine and NAC simultaneous treatments prevented APAP-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and necrosis. The results of this study suggest the crucial role of boldine to protect against APAP induced hepatotoxicity by virtue of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devaraj Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, The Blue Lab (Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Division), Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramanian Raghunandhakumar
- Department of Pharmacology, The Blue Lab (Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Division), Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Increased risk of acute liver failure by pain killer drugs in NAFLD: Focus on nuclear receptors and their coactivators. Dig Liver Dis 2021; 53:26-34. [PMID: 32546444 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global condition characterized by an accumulation of lipids in the hepatocytes. NAFLD ranges from simple steatosis, a reversible and relatively benign condition, to fibrosis with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), potentially leading to cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. NAFLD can increase the susceptibility to severe liver injury with eventual acute liver failure induced by specific hepatotoxic drugs, including acetaminophen (APAP), which is commonly used as analgesic and antipyretic. Although several animal models have been used to clarify the predisposing role of hepatic steatosis to APAP intoxication, the exact mechanism is still not clear. Here, we shed a light into the association between NAFLD and APAP toxicity by examining the peculiar role of nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-β (PGC-1β) in driving fatty acid metabolism, inflammation and mitochondria redox balance. The knowledge of the mechanism that exposes patients with NAFLD to higher risk of acute liver failure by pain killer drug is the first step to eventually claim for a reduction of the maximal diurnal dose of APAP for subjects with liver steatosis.
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Rivera P, Vargas A, Pastor A, Boronat A, López-Gambero AJ, Sánchez-Marín L, Medina-Vera D, Serrano A, Pavón FJ, de la Torre R, Agirregoitia E, Lucena MI, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Decara J, Suárez J. Differential hepatoprotective role of the cannabinoid CB 1 and CB 2 receptors in paracetamol-induced liver injury. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:3309-3326. [PMID: 32167157 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Protective mechanisms of the endogenous cannabinoid system against drug-induced liver injury (DILI) are actively being investigated regarding the differential regulatory role of the cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors in liver fibrogenesis and inflammation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)-related signalling receptors and enzymatic machinery, and inflammatory/fibrogenic factors were investigated in the liver of a mouse model of hepatotoxicity induced by acute and repeated overdoses (750 mg·kg-1 ·day-1 ) of paracetamol (acetaminophen), previously treated with selective CB1 (ACEA) and CB2 (JWH015) agonists (10 mg·kg-1 ), or lacking CB1 and CB2 receptors. KEY RESULTS Acute paracetamol increased the expression of CB2 , ABHD6 and COX-2, while repeated paracetamol increased that of CB1 and COX-2 and decreased that of DAGLβ. Both acute paracetamol and repeated paracetamol decreased the liver content of acylglycerols (2-AG, 2-LG and 2-OG). Human liver samples from a patient suffering APAP hepatotoxicity confirmed CB1 and CB2 increments. Acute paracetamol-exposed CB2 KO mice had higher expression of the fibrogenic αSMA and the cytokine IL-6 and lower apoptotic cleaved caspase 3. CB1 deficiency enhanced the repeated APAP-induced increases in αSMA and cleaved caspase 3 and blocked those of CYP2E1, TNF-α, the chemokine CCL2 and the circulating γ-glutamyltransferase (γGT). Although JWH015 reduced the expression of αSMA and TNF-α in acute paracetamol, ACEA increased the expression of cleaved caspase 3 and CCL2 in repeated paracetamol. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS The differential role of CB1 versus CB2 receptors on inflammatory/fibrogenic factors related to paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity should be considered for designing alternative therapies against DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rivera
- Department of Endocrinology, Fundación Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica la Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio Vargas
- UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antoni Pastor
- Farmacología Integrada y Neurociencia de Sistemas, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Boronat
- Farmacología Integrada y Neurociencia de Sistemas, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Jesús López-Gambero
- UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Laura Sánchez-Marín
- UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Dina Medina-Vera
- UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonia Serrano
- UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Pavón
- UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,UGC Corazón, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, IBIMA, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Farmacología Integrada y Neurociencia de Sistemas, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ekaitz Agirregoitia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - María Isabel Lucena
- Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, IBIMA, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Decara
- UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Suárez
- UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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9
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Muhammad-Azam F, Nur-Fazila SH, Ain-Fatin R, Mustapha Noordin M, Yimer N. Histopathological changes of acetaminophen-induced liver injury and subsequent liver regeneration in BALB/C and ICR mice. Vet World 2019; 12:1682-1688. [PMID: 32009746 PMCID: PMC6925052 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1682-1688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Laboratory mice are widely used as a research model to provide insights into toxicological studies of various xenobiotic. Acetaminophen (APAP) is an antipyretic and analgesic drug that is commonly known as paracetamol, an ideal hepatotoxicant to exhibit centrilobular necrosis in laboratory mice to resemble humans. However, assessment of histopathological changes between mouse strains is important to decide the optimal mouse model used in APAP toxicity study. Therefore, we aim to assess the histomorphological features of APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) in BALB/C and Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five ICR mice and 20 BALB/C mice were used where five animals as control and the rest were randomly divided into four time points at 5, 10, 24 and 48 hours post-dosing (hpd). They were induced with 500 mg/kg APAP intraperitoneally. Liver sections were processed for hematoxylin-eosin staining and histopathological changes were scored based on grading methods. Results: Intense centrilobular damage was observed as early as 5 hpd in BALB/C as compared to ICR mice, which was observed at 10 hpd. The difference of liver injury between ICR and BALB/C mice is due to dissimilarity in the genetic line-up that related to different elimination pathways of APAP toxicity. However, at 24 hpd, the damage was markedly subsided and liver regeneration had taken place for both ICR and BALB/C groups with evidence of mitotic figures. This study showed that normal liver architecture was restored after the clearance of toxic insult. Conclusion: AILI was exhibited earlier in BALB/C than ICR mice but both underwent liver recovery at later time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazil Muhammad-Azam
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Saulol Hamid Nur-Fazila
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Raslan Ain-Fatin
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Mustapha Noordin
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurhusien Yimer
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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10
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Wang X, Zhang X, Wang F, Pang L, Xu Z, Li X, Wu J, Song Y, Zhang X, Xiao J, Lin H, Liu Y. FGF1 protects against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity via suppression of oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2019; 43:707-714. [PMID: 31029643 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose/abuse is the leading cause of acute liver failure in many countries. Fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF 1) is a metabolic regulator with several physiological functions. Previous studies suggested that FGF1 promotes differentiation and maturation of liver-derived stem cells. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of FGF1 against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. APAP markedly increased circulating levels of ALT and AST, while FGF1 significantly inhibited increases in the serum levels of ALT and AST, as compared to littermates. In addition, histopathological evaluation of the livers revealed that FGF1 prevented APAP-induced centrilobular necrosis. Livers exhibited severe inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress in response to APAP toxicity, whereas these changes were reversed by a single injection of FGF1. In conclusion, our findings suggest that FGF1 protects mice from APAP-induced hepatotoxicity through suppression of inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Therefore, FGF1 may represent a promising therapeutic agent for APAP-induced acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China
| | - Xie Zhang
- Department of pharmacy, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center, Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo 315000, PR China
| | - Fan Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830063, PR China; Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100096, PR China
| | - Lingxia Pang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Zeping Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China
| | - Junnan Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China
| | - Yufei Song
- Department of pharmacy, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center, Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo 315000, PR China
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- Department of pharmacy, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center, Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo 315000, PR China
| | - Jian Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China
| | - Hong Lin
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China.
| | - Yanlong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China.
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11
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Jin SJ, Liu C, Wang R, Guo KP, Huang YN, Li PX, Ma YC, Xu ST, Ding CH, Zhou JJ, Chen FS. Disodium Guanylate Alleviates Acute Hepatic Injury Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride Via Antioxidative Stress and Antiapoptosis In Vivo and In Vitro. J Food Sci 2019; 84:2658-2665. [PMID: 31441515 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic injury is one of the most common digestive system diseases worldwide in clinic. Guanylic acid or guanosine monophosphate (GMP) was an important component of nucleotides, which is mainly in the form of sodium salt (disodium guanylate, GMP-Na2 ). However, its effect on hepatic injury has not yet been investigated. This study is to investigate the protective effects of GMP-Na2 on acute hepatic injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ), and to explore its mechanism. The hepatic injury models of mice and HL-7702 cells were induced by CCl4 . The alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were determined by biochemical method. Hematoxylin-eosin staining were used to determine the morphological changes on liver tissue in mice. The mRNA and protein expressions of caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Our results show that GMP-Na2 treatment significantly decreased the activities of ALT and AST, and the levels of MDA as well as increased the levels of SOD, GSH-Px, and T-AOC. Importantly, GMP-Na2 effectively enhanced the antiapoptosis function by upregulating Bcl-2 expression and downregulating caspase-3 and Bax expressions in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the histopathological changes of liver tissue were obviously improved after GMP-Na2 treatment. These findings suggest that GMP-Na2 has protective effects on hepatic injury, and its mechanisms may be associated with antioxidative stress and antiapoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ju Jin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Univ. of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.,Henan Nanjiecun (Group) Co., Ltd., Linying, Henan, 462600, China.,Luohe Medical College and Tumor Occurrence and Prevention Research Innovation Team of Henan, Luohe, Henan, 462002, China
| | - Chen Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Univ. of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical Univ., Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Kun-Peng Guo
- Luohe Medical College and Tumor Occurrence and Prevention Research Innovation Team of Henan, Luohe, Henan, 462002, China
| | - Ya-Nan Huang
- Henan Nanjiecun (Group) Co., Ltd., Linying, Henan, 462600, China
| | - Pan-Xin Li
- Henan Nanjiecun (Group) Co., Ltd., Linying, Henan, 462600, China
| | - Yong-Chao Ma
- Henan Nanjiecun (Group) Co., Ltd., Linying, Henan, 462600, China.,Luohe Medical College and Tumor Occurrence and Prevention Research Innovation Team of Henan, Luohe, Henan, 462002, China
| | - Song-Tao Xu
- Luohe Medical College and Tumor Occurrence and Prevention Research Innovation Team of Henan, Luohe, Henan, 462002, China
| | - Chang-He Ding
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Univ. of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Jun-Jun Zhou
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical Univ., Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Univ. of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
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12
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Pannala VR, Wall ML, Estes SK, Trenary I, O'Brien TP, Printz RL, Vinnakota KC, Reifman J, Shiota M, Young JD, Wallqvist A. Metabolic network-based predictions of toxicant-induced metabolite changes in the laboratory rat. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11678. [PMID: 30076366 PMCID: PMC6076258 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30149-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to provide timely treatment for organ damage initiated by therapeutic drugs or exposure to environmental toxicants, we first need to identify markers that provide an early diagnosis of potential adverse effects before permanent damage occurs. Specifically, the liver, as a primary organ prone to toxicants-induced injuries, lacks diagnostic markers that are specific and sensitive to the early onset of injury. Here, to identify plasma metabolites as markers of early toxicant-induced injury, we used a constraint-based modeling approach with a genome-scale network reconstruction of rat liver metabolism to incorporate perturbations of gene expression induced by acetaminophen, a known hepatotoxicant. A comparison of the model results against the global metabolic profiling data revealed that our approach satisfactorily predicted altered plasma metabolite levels as early as 5 h after exposure to 2 g/kg of acetaminophen, and that 10 h after treatment the predictions significantly improved when we integrated measured central carbon fluxes. Our approach is solely driven by gene expression and physiological boundary conditions, and does not rely on any toxicant-specific model component. As such, it provides a mechanistic model that serves as a first step in identifying a list of putative plasma metabolites that could change due to toxicant-induced perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkat R Pannala
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Martha L Wall
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Shanea K Estes
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Irina Trenary
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Tracy P O'Brien
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Richard L Printz
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Kalyan C Vinnakota
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Jaques Reifman
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Masakazu Shiota
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Jamey D Young
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. .,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Anders Wallqvist
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702, USA.
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