1
|
Pegoraro A, Grignolo M, Ruo L, Ricci L, Adinolfi E. P2X7 Variants in Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6673. [PMID: 38928378 PMCID: PMC11204217 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
P2X7 receptor activation by extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) modulates different intracellular pathways, including pro-inflammatory and tumor-promoting cascades. ATP is released by cells and necrotic tissues during stressful conditions and accumulates mainly in the inflammatory and tumoral microenvironments. As a consequence, both the P2X7 blockade and agonism have been proposed as therapeutic strategies in phlogosis and cancer. Nevertheless, most studies have been carried out on the WT fully functional receptor variant. In recent years, the discovery of P2X7 variants derived by alternative splicing mechanisms or single-nucleotide substitutions gave rise to the investigation of these new P2X7 variants' roles in different processes and diseases. Here, we provide an overview of the literature covering the function of human P2X7 splice variants and polymorphisms in diverse pathophysiological contexts, paying particular attention to their role in oncological and neuroinflammatory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pegoraro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.G.); (L.R.); (L.R.)
| | | | | | | | - Elena Adinolfi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.G.); (L.R.); (L.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen Y, Liu J, Zhang Q, Chai L, Chen H, Li D, Wang Y, Qiu Y, Shen N, Zhang J, Wang Q, Wang J, Xie X, Li S, Li M. Activation of CaMKII/HDAC4 by SDF1 contributes to pulmonary arterial hypertension via stabilization Runx2. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 970:176483. [PMID: 38479721 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Stromal derived factor 1 (SDF1) has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). However, the detailed molecular mechanisms remain unclear. To address this, we utilized primary cultured rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rat models to investigate the mechanisms of SDF1 driving PASMCs proliferation and pulmonary arterial remodeling. SDF1 increased runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) acetylation by Calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)-dependent HDAC4 cytoplasmic translocation, elevation of Runx2 acetylation conferred its resistance to proteasome-mediated degradation. The accumulation of Runx2 further upregulated osteopontin (OPN) expression, finally leading to PASMCs proliferation. Blocking SDF1, suppression of CaMKII, inhibition the nuclear export of HDAC4 or silencing Runx2 attenuated pulmonary arterial remodeling and prevented PAH development in MCT-induced PAH rat models. Our study provides novel sights for SDF1 induction of PASMCs proliferation and suggests that targeting SDF1/CaMKII/HDAC4/Runx2 axis has potential value in the management of PAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Limin Chai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Danyang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Yuanjie Qiu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Nirui Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Qingting Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Xinming Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Shaojun Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Manxiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
De Salis SKF, Chen JZ, Skarratt KK, Fuller SJ, Balle T. Deep learning structural insights into heterotrimeric alternatively spliced P2X7 receptors. Purinergic Signal 2023:10.1007/s11302-023-09978-3. [PMID: 38032425 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-023-09978-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
P2X7 receptors (P2X7Rs) are membrane-bound ATP-gated ion channels that are composed of three subunits. Different subunit structures may be expressed due to alternative splicing of the P2RX7 gene, altering the receptor's function when combined with the wild-type P2X7A subunits. In this study, the application of the deep-learning method, AlphaFold2-Multimer (AF2M), for the generation of trimeric P2X7Rs was validated by comparing an AF2M-generated rat wild-type P2X7A receptor with a structure determined by cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) (Protein Data Bank Identification: 6U9V). The results suggested AF2M could firstly, accurately predict the structures of P2X7Rs and secondly, accurately identify the highest quality model through the ranking system. Subsequently, AF2M was used to generate models of heterotrimeric alternatively spliced P2X7Rs consisting of one or two wild-type P2X7A subunits in combination with one or two P2X7B, P2X7E, P2X7J, and P2X7L splice variant subunits. The top-ranking models were deemed valid based on AF2M's confidence measures, stability in molecular dynamics simulations, and consistent flexibility of the conserved regions between the models. The structure of the heterotrimeric receptors, which were missing key residues in the ATP binding sites and carboxyl terminal domains (CTDs) compared to the wild-type receptor, help to explain their observed functions. Overall, the models produced in this study (available as supplementary material) unlock the possibility of structure-based studies into the heterotrimeric P2X7Rs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie K F De Salis
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
- Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Jake Zheng Chen
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
- Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Kristen K Skarratt
- The University of Sydney, Nepean Clinical School, Kingswood, NSW, 2747, Australia
| | - Stephen J Fuller
- The University of Sydney, Nepean Clinical School, Kingswood, NSW, 2747, Australia
| | - Thomas Balle
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.
- Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nuñez-Rios JD, Ulrich H, Díaz-Muñoz M, Lameu C, Vázquez-Cuevas FG. Purinergic system in cancer stem cells. Purinergic Signal 2023:10.1007/s11302-023-09976-5. [PMID: 37966629 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-023-09976-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports the idea that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are those with the capacity to initiate tumors, generate phenotypical diversity, sustain growth, confer drug resistance, and orchestrate the spread of tumor cells. It is still controversial whether CSCs originate from normal stem cells residing in the tissue or cancer cells from the tumor bulk that have dedifferentiated to acquire stem-like characteristics. Although CSCs have been pointed out as key drivers in cancer, knowledge regarding their physiology is still blurry; thus, research focusing on CSCs is essential to designing novel and more effective therapeutics. The purinergic system has emerged as an important autocrine-paracrine messenger system with a prominent role at multiple levels of the tumor microenvironment, where it regulates cellular aspects of the tumors themselves and the stromal and immune systems. Recent findings have shown that purinergic signaling also participates in regulating the CSC phenotype. Here, we discuss updated information regarding CSCs in the purinergic system and present evidence supporting the idea that elements of the purinergic system expressed by this subpopulation of the tumor represent attractive pharmacological targets for proposing innovative anti-cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J D Nuñez-Rios
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Boulevard Juriquilla #3001, Juriquilla Querétaro, Querétaro, CP 76230, México
| | - H Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Díaz-Muñoz
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Boulevard Juriquilla #3001, Juriquilla Querétaro, Querétaro, CP 76230, México
| | - C Lameu
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F G Vázquez-Cuevas
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Boulevard Juriquilla #3001, Juriquilla Querétaro, Querétaro, CP 76230, México.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Adinolfi E, De Marchi E, Grignolo M, Szymczak B, Pegoraro A. The P2X7 Receptor in Oncogenesis and Metastatic Dissemination: New Insights on Vesicular Release and Adenosinergic Crosstalk. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13906. [PMID: 37762206 PMCID: PMC10531279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor niche is an environment rich in extracellular ATP (eATP) where purinergic receptors have essential roles in different cell subtypes, including cancer, immune, and stromal cells. Here, we give an overview of recent discoveries regarding the role of probably the best-characterized purinergic receptor in the tumor microenvironment: P2X7. We cover the activities of the P2X7 receptor and its human splice variants in solid and liquid cancer proliferation, dissemination, and crosstalk with immune and endothelial cells. Particular attention is paid to the P2X7-dependent release of microvesicles and exosomes, their content, including ATP and miRNAs, and, in general, P2X7-activated mechanisms favoring metastatic spread and niche conditioning. Moreover, the emerging role of P2X7 in influencing the adenosinergic axis, formed by the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 and the adenosine receptor A2A in cancer, is analyzed. Finally, we cover how antitumor therapy responses can be influenced by or can change P2X7 expression and function. This converging evidence suggests that P2X7 is an attractive therapeutic target for oncological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Adinolfi
- Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.D.M.); (M.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Elena De Marchi
- Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.D.M.); (M.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Marianna Grignolo
- Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.D.M.); (M.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Bartosz Szymczak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Anna Pegoraro
- Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.D.M.); (M.G.); (A.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Coutinho F, Guimarães LM, Seeger R, Paula J Santos A, Glaser T, Yamamoto D, Lacerda L, Arnaud-Sampaio V, Rossini CV, Rabelo I, Miranda de Medeiros N, Ramos Truzzi D, Aparecida Juliano M, Juliano L, Ulrich H, Lameu C. Bj-PRO-10c, as an allosteric regulator of argininosuccinate synthase, is a potential therapy for neuroblastoma metastasis. Toxicon 2023; 233:107228. [PMID: 37479190 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a global public health issue. Neuroblastoma (NB) originates from any tissue of the sympathetic nervous system, and the most affected site is the abdomen. The adrenal gland is the primary site in 38% of cases. Approximately 50% of patients have metastatic disease at diagnosis, and bone marrow is often affected. Metastatic disease is characterized by the spreading of cancer cells that are frequently resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy from the primary tumor to other specific parts of the body and is responsible for 90% of cancer-related deaths. Increasing evidence has indicated that nitric oxide (NO) signaling is implicated in the pathophysiology of many types of cancer, particularly in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, the effect of NO on metastasis cannot be easily classified as prometastatic or antimetastatic. An understanding at the molecular level of the role of NO in cancer will have profound therapeutic implications for the diagnosis and treatment of disease. Here, the proline-rich decapeptide isolated from Bothrops jararaca venom (Bj-PRO-10c) that enhances and sustains the generation of NO was used to unravel the role of metabolic NO in steps of metastasis. Bj-PRO-10c showed an antimetastatic effect, mainly by interfering with actin cytoskeleton rearrangement, controlling cell proliferation, and decreasing the seeding efficiency of NB in metastatic niches. Therefore, we proposed that an approach for controlled NO induction with the right molecular strategies can hopefully inhibit metastasis and increase the lifespan of NB patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Coutinho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lara Mf Guimarães
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Seeger
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula J Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Talita Glaser
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise Yamamoto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Lacerda
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Caio Vt Rossini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Izadora Rabelo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela Ramos Truzzi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Juliano
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudiana Lameu
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kaur J, Dora S. Purinergic signaling: Diverse effects and therapeutic potential in cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1058371. [PMID: 36741002 PMCID: PMC9889871 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1058371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Regardless of improved biological insights and therapeutic advances, cancer is consuming multiple lives worldwide. Cancer is a complex disease with diverse cellular, metabolic, and physiological parameters as its hallmarks. This instigates a need to uncover the latest therapeutic targets to advance the treatment of cancer patients. Purines are building blocks of nucleic acids but also function as metabolic intermediates and messengers, as part of a signaling pathway known as purinergic signaling. Purinergic signaling comprises primarily adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine (ADO), their analogous membrane receptors, and a set of ectonucleotidases, and has both short- and long-term (trophic) effects. Cells release ATP and ADO to modulate cellular function in an autocrine or paracrine manner by activating membrane-localized purinergic receptors (purinoceptors, P1 and P2). P1 receptors are selective for ADO and have four recognized subtypes-A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Purines and pyrimidines activate P2 receptors, and the P2X subtype is ligand-gated ion channel receptors. P2X has seven subtypes (P2X1-7) and forms homo- and heterotrimers. The P2Y subtype is a G protein-coupled receptor with eight subtypes (P2Y1/2/4/6/11/12/13/14). ATP, its derivatives, and purinoceptors are widely distributed in all cell types for cellular communication, and any imbalance compromises the homeostasis of the cell. Neurotransmission, neuromodulation, and secretion employ fast purinergic signaling, while trophic purinergic signaling regulates cell metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, survival, migration, invasion, and immune response during tumor progression. Thus, purinergic signaling is a prospective therapeutic target in cancer and therapy resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmeet Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanchit Dora
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Arnaud-Sampaio VF, Bento CA, Glaser T, Adinolfi E, Ulrich H, Lameu C. P2X7 receptor isoform B is a key drug resistance mediator for neuroblastoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:966404. [PMID: 36091161 PMCID: PMC9458077 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.966404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major challenge for all oncological treatments that involve the use of cytotoxic agents. Recent therapeutic alternatives cannot circumvent the ability of cancer cells to adapt or alter the natural selection of resistant cells, so the problem persists. In neuroblastoma, recurrence can occur in up to 50% of high-risk patients. Therefore, the identification of novel therapeutic targets capable of modulating survival or death following classical antitumor interventions is crucial to address this problem. In this study, we investigated the role of the P2X7 receptor in chemoresistance. Here, we elucidated the contributions of P2X7 receptor A and B isoforms to neuroblastoma chemoresistance, demonstrating that the B isoform favors resistance through a combination of mechanisms involving drug efflux via MRP-type transporters, resistance to retinoids, retaining cells in a stem-like phenotype, suppression of autophagy, and EMT induction, while the A isoform has opposite and complementary roles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Adriane Bento
- Biochemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Talita Glaser
- Biochemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elena Adinolfi
- Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Biochemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudiana Lameu
- Biochemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Claudiana Lameu,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Aria H, Rezaei M, Nazem S, Daraei A, Nikfar G, Mansoori B, Bahmanyar M, Tavassoli A, Vakil MK, Mansoori Y. Purinergic receptors are a key bottleneck in tumor metabolic reprogramming: The prime suspect in cancer therapeutic resistance. Front Immunol 2022; 13:947885. [PMID: 36072596 PMCID: PMC9444135 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.947885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP and other nucleoside phosphates have specific receptors named purinergic receptors. Purinergic receptors and ectonucleotidases regulate various signaling pathways that play a role in physiological and pathological processes. Extracellular ATP in the tumor microenvironment (TME) has a higher level than in normal tissues and plays a role in cancer cell growth, survival, angiogenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance. In this review, we investigated the role of purinergic receptors in the development of resistance to therapy through changes in tumor cell metabolism. When a cell transforms to neoplasia, its metabolic processes change. The metabolic reprogramming modified metabolic feature of the TME, that can cause impeding immune surveillance and promote cancer growth. The purinergic receptors contribute to therapy resistance by modifying cancer cells' glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. Limiting the energy supply of cancer cells is one approach to overcoming resistance. Glycolysis inhibitors which reduce intracellular ATP levels may make cancer cells more susceptible to anti-cancer therapies. The loss of the P2X7R through glucose intolerance and decreased fatty acid metabolism reduces therapeutic resistance. Potential metabolic blockers that can be employed in combination with other therapies will aid in the discovery of new anti-cancer immunotherapy to overcome therapy resistance. Therefore, therapeutic interventions that are considered to inhibit cancer cell metabolism and purinergic receptors simultaneously can potentially reduce resistance to treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Aria
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shima Nazem
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Daraei
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ghasem Nikfar
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Behnam Mansoori
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Maryam Bahmanyar
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Alireza Tavassoli
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazem Vakil
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Yaser Mansoori
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
De Salis SKF, Li L, Chen Z, Lam KW, Skarratt KK, Balle T, Fuller SJ. Alternatively Spliced Isoforms of the P2X7 Receptor: Structure, Function and Disease Associations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158174. [PMID: 35897750 PMCID: PMC9329894 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is an ATP-gated membrane ion channel that is expressed by multiple cell types. Following activation by extracellular ATP, the P2X7R mediates a broad range of cellular responses including cytokine and chemokine release, cell survival and differentiation, the activation of transcription factors, and apoptosis. The P2X7R is made up of three P2X7 subunits that contain specific domains essential for the receptor’s varied functions. Alternative splicing produces P2X7 isoforms that exclude one or more of these domains and assemble in combinations that alter P2X7R function. The modification of the structure and function of the P2X7R may adversely affect cellular responses to carcinogens and pathogens, and alternatively spliced (AS) P2X7 isoforms have been associated with several cancers. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the structure and function of AS P2X7 isoforms and their associations with cancer and potential role in modulating the inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie K. F. De Salis
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (S.K.F.D.S.); (Z.C.); (T.B.)
| | - Lanxin Li
- Sydney Medical School Nepean, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia; (L.L.); (K.W.L.); (K.K.S.)
| | - Zheng Chen
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (S.K.F.D.S.); (Z.C.); (T.B.)
| | - Kam Wa Lam
- Sydney Medical School Nepean, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia; (L.L.); (K.W.L.); (K.K.S.)
| | - Kristen K. Skarratt
- Sydney Medical School Nepean, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia; (L.L.); (K.W.L.); (K.K.S.)
| | - Thomas Balle
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (S.K.F.D.S.); (Z.C.); (T.B.)
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Fuller
- Sydney Medical School Nepean, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia; (L.L.); (K.W.L.); (K.K.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-4734-3732
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
De Marchi E, Pegoraro A, Turiello R, Di Virgilio F, Morello S, Adinolfi E. A2A Receptor Contributes to Tumor Progression in P2X7 Null Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:876510. [PMID: 35663396 PMCID: PMC9159855 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.876510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP and adenosine are key constituents of the tumor niche where they exert opposite and complementary roles. ATP can be released in response to cell damage or actively released by tumor cells and subsequently degraded into adenosine, which accumulates within the tumor microenvironment. Notably, while ATP promotes immune eradicating responses mainly via the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), extracellular adenosine acts as a potent immune suppressor and facilitates neovascularization thanks to the A2A receptor (A2AR). To date, studies exploring the interplay between P2X7R and A2AR in the tumor microenvironment are as yet missing. Here, we show that, in C57/bl6 P2X7 null mice inoculated with B16-F10 melanoma cells, several pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 12 (IL-12), interleukin 17 (IL-17), interferon gamma (IFN-γ) were significantly decreased, while the immune suppressant transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) was almost three-fold increased. Interestingly, tumors growing in P2X7-null mice upregulated tumor-associated and splenic A2AR, suggesting that immunosuppression linked to lack of the P2X7R might depend upon A2AR overexpression. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that tumor cells’ A2AR expression was increased, especially around necrotic areas, and that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the endothelial marker CD31 were upregulated. A2AR antagonist SCH58261 treatment reduced tumor growth similarly in the P2X7 wild type or null mice strain. However, SCH58261 reduced VEGF only in the P2X7 knock out mice, thus supporting the hypothesis of an A2AR-mediated increase in vascularization observed in the P2X7-null host. SCH58261 administration also significantly reduced intratumor TGF-β levels, thus supporting a key immune suppressive role of A2AR in our model. Altogether, these results indicate that in the absence of host P2X7R, the A2AR favors tumor growth via immune suppression and neovascularization. This study shows a novel direct correlation between P2X7R and A2AR in oncogenesis and paves the way for new combined therapies promoting anti-cancer immune responses and reducing tumor vascularization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena De Marchi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Pegoraro
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | - Silvana Morello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Elena Adinolfi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- *Correspondence: Elena Adinolfi,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zanoni M, Sarti AC, Zamagni A, Cortesi M, Pignatta S, Arienti C, Tebaldi M, Sarnelli A, Romeo A, Bartolini D, Tosatto L, Adinolfi E, Tesei A, Di Virgilio F. Irradiation causes senescence, ATP release, and P2X7 receptor isoform switch in glioblastoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:80. [PMID: 35075119 PMCID: PMC8786947 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04526-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal brain tumor in adults. Radiation, together with temozolomide is the standard treatment, but nevertheless, relapse occurs in nearly all cases. Understanding the mechanisms underlying radiation resistance may help to find more effective therapies. After radiation treatment, ATP is released into the tumor microenvironment where it binds and activates purinergic P2 receptors, mainly of the P2X7 subtype. Two main P2X7 splice variants, P2X7A and P2X7B, are expressed in most cell types, where they associate with distinct biochemical and functional responses. GBM cells widely differ for the level of P2X7 isoform expression and accordingly for sensitivity to stimulation with extracellular ATP (eATP). Irradiation causes a dramatic shift in P2X7 isoform expression, with the P2X7A isoform being down- and the P2X7B isoform up-modulated, as well as extensive cell death and overexpression of stemness and senescence markers. Treatment with P2X7 blockers during the post-irradiation recovery potentiated irradiation-dependent cytotoxicity, suggesting that P2X7B activation by eATP generated a trophic/growth-promoting stimulus. Altogether, these data show that P2X7A and B receptor isoform levels are inversely modulated during the post-irradiation recovery phase in GBM cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Zanoni
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy.
| | - Alba Clara Sarti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alice Zamagni
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Michela Cortesi
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Sara Pignatta
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Chiara Arienti
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Michela Tebaldi
- Biostatistics and Clinical Trials Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Anna Sarnelli
- Medical Physics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Antonino Romeo
- Radiotherapy Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | | | - Luigino Tosatto
- Department of Neurosurgery, M. Bufalini Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Elena Adinolfi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Tesei
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy.
| | - Francesco Di Virgilio
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
De Marchi E, Pegoraro A, Adinolfi E. Administration of P2X7 Receptor Blockers in Oncological Experimental Models. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2510:303-314. [PMID: 35776333 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2384-8_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is rich in components that strongly influence cancer cell survival. One of the pivotal molecules present at the tumor bed is ATP, which has an essential role in promoting cancer proliferation and metastasis and immune responses via its receptor P2X7. Several studies have proved the efficacy of P2X7 pharmacological blockade in inhibiting primary and metastatic tumor growth in preclinical models. Here we describe the experimental procedures that we optimized to test P2X7 roles in carcinogenesis by antagonist administration. Special attention is paid to their concentrations and routes of administration. The depicted in vitro models include cell count and viability assays, which are useful to test P2X7 roles in cell proliferation and vitality, and the soft agar colony formation test that allows investigation of the transforming and invading abilities of tumor cells. We also describe systemic and intramass administration of P2X7 blockers in murine models of melanoma and leukemia. Both xenotransplant and syngeneic experimental tumor models are detailed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena De Marchi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Pegoraro
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Adinolfi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Matyśniak D, Chumak V, Nowak N, Kukla A, Lehka L, Oslislok M, Pomorski P. P2X7 receptor: the regulator of glioma tumor development and survival. Purinergic Signal 2021; 18:135-154. [PMID: 34964926 PMCID: PMC8850512 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09834-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
P2X7 is an ionotropic nucleotide receptor, forming the cation channel upon ATP stimulation. It can also function as a large membrane pore as well as transmit ATP-dependent signal without forming a channel at all. P2X7 activity in somatic cells is well-known, but remains poorly studied in glioma tumors. The current paper presents the comprehensive study of P2X7 activity in C6 and glioma cell line showing the wide range of effects the receptor has on glioma biology. We observed that P2X7 stimulation boosts glioma cell proliferation and increases cell viability. P2X7 activation promoted cell adhesion, mitochondria depolarization, and reactive oxygen species overproduction in C6 cells. P2X7 receptor also influenced glioma tumor growth in vivo via activation of pro-survival signaling pathways and ATP release. Treatment with Brilliant Blue G, a selective P2X7 antagonist, effectively inhibited glioma tumor development; decreased the expression of negative prognostic cancer markers pro-survival and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins; and modulated the immune response toward glioma tumor in vivo. Finally, pathway-specific enrichment analysis of the microarray data from human patients also showed an upregulation of P2X7 receptor in gliomas from grades I to III. The presented results shed more light on the role of P2X7 receptor in the biology of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damian Matyśniak
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vira Chumak
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
- Regenerative Medicine Department, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Nowak
- Laboratory of Imaging Tissue Structure and Function, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Kukla
- Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Lilya Lehka
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Magdalena Oslislok
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Pomorski
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ban J, Fock V, Aryee DNT, Kovar H. Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Treatment of Bone Metastases. Cells 2021; 10:2944. [PMID: 34831167 PMCID: PMC8616226 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone and bone marrow are among the most frequent metastatic sites of cancer. The occurrence of bone metastasis is frequently associated with a dismal disease outcome. The prevention and therapy of bone metastases is a priority in the treatment of cancer patients. However, current therapeutic options for patients with bone metastatic disease are limited in efficacy and associated with increased morbidity. Therefore, most current therapies are mainly palliative in nature. A better understanding of the underlying molecular pathways of the bone metastatic process is warranted to develop novel, well-tolerated and more successful treatments for a significant improvement of patients' quality of life and disease outcome. In this review, we provide comparative mechanistic insights into the bone metastatic process of various solid tumors, including pediatric cancers. We also highlight current and innovative approaches to biologically targeted therapy and immunotherapy. In particular, we discuss the role of the bone marrow microenvironment in the attraction, homing, dormancy and outgrowth of metastatic tumor cells and the ensuing therapeutic implications. Multiple signaling pathways have been described to contribute to metastatic spread to the bone of specific cancer entities, with most knowledge derived from the study of breast and prostate cancer. However, it is likely that similar mechanisms are involved in different types of cancer, including multiple myeloma, primary bone sarcomas and neuroblastoma. The metastatic rate-limiting interaction of tumor cells with the various cellular and noncellular components of the bone-marrow niche provides attractive therapeutic targets, which are already partially exploited by novel promising immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Ban
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (V.F.); (D.N.T.A.)
| | - Valerie Fock
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (V.F.); (D.N.T.A.)
| | - Dave N. T. Aryee
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (V.F.); (D.N.T.A.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinrich Kovar
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (V.F.); (D.N.T.A.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
To inhibit or to boost the ATP/P2RX7 pathway to fight cancer-that is the question. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:619-631. [PMID: 34347213 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09811-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite new biological insights and recent therapeutic advances, many tumors remain at baseline during treatments. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find new therapeutic strategies to improve the care of patients with solid tumors. P2RX7 receptor (P2XR7), an ATP-gated ion channel characterized by its ability to form large pore within the cell membrane, is described by most of the investigators as a "chef d'orchestre" of the antitumor immune response. The purpose of this review is to detail the recent information concerning different cellular mechanisms linking P2RX7 to hallmarks of cancer and to discuss different progresses in elucidating how activation of the ATP/P2RX7/NLRP3/IL-18 pathway is a very promising approach to fight cancer progression by increasing antitumor immune responses.
Collapse
|
17
|
Rabelo ILA, Arnaud-Sampaio VF, Adinolfi E, Ulrich H, Lameu C. Cancer Metabostemness and Metabolic Reprogramming via P2X7 Receptor. Cells 2021; 10:1782. [PMID: 34359950 PMCID: PMC8305434 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity of tumor cell mass and the plasticity of cancer cell phenotypes in solid tumors allow for the insurgence of resistant and metastatic cells, responsible for cancer patients' clinical management's main challenges. Among several factors that are responsible for increased cancer aggression, metabolic reprogramming is recently emerging as an ultimate cancer hallmark, as it is central for cancer cell survival and self-renewal, metastasis and chemoresistance. The P2X7 receptor, whose expression is upregulated in many solid and hematological malignancies, is also emerging as a good candidate in cancer metabolic reprogramming and the regulation of stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Metabostemness refers to the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells toward less differentiated (CSCs) cellular states, and we believe that there is a strong correlation between metabostemness and P2X7 receptor functions in oncogenic processes. Here, we summarize important aspects of P2X7 receptor functions in normal and tumor tissues as well as essential aspects of its structure, regulation, pharmacology and its clinical use. Finally, we review current knowledge implicating P2X7 receptor functions in cancer-related molecular pathways, in metabolic reprogramming and in metabostemness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izadora Lorrany Alves Rabelo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (I.L.A.R.); (V.F.A.-S.); (H.U.)
| | - Vanessa Fernandes Arnaud-Sampaio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (I.L.A.R.); (V.F.A.-S.); (H.U.)
| | - Elena Adinolfi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (I.L.A.R.); (V.F.A.-S.); (H.U.)
| | - Claudiana Lameu
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (I.L.A.R.); (V.F.A.-S.); (H.U.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
The P2X7 Receptor in the Maintenance of Cancer Stem Cells, Chemoresistance and Metastasis. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 16:288-300. [PMID: 31813120 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09936-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the worst prognosis predictor in the clinical course of cancer development. Features of metastatic cancer cells include migratory ability, low degree of differentiation, self-renewal and proliferation potentials, as well as resistance to therapies. Metastatic cells do not present all of the necessary characteristics at once. Indeed, they have a unique phenotypic plasticity, allowing the acquisition of features that make them successful in all steps of metastasis. Cancer stem cells (CSC), the most undifferentiated cells in the tumor mass, display highest metastatic potential and resistance to radio- and chemotherapy. Growing tumors exhibit marked upregulation of P2X7 receptor expression and secrete ATP. Since the P2X7 receptor plays an important role in the maintenance of undifferentiated state of pluripotent cells, its importance on cell fate regulation in the tumor mass is suggested. Considering the extensive crosstalk between CSCs, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, drug resistance and metastasis, current knowledge implicating P2X7 receptor function in these phenomena and new avenues for therapeutic strategies to control metastasis are reviewed.
Collapse
|
19
|
The ATP/P2X7 axis is a crucial regulator of leukemic initiating cells proliferation and homing and an emerging therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:319-321. [PMID: 34075525 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09789-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
|
20
|
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor for extracellular ATP is a well-established mediator of tumoral development and progression both in solid cancers and hematological malignancies. The human P2X7 gene is highly polymorphic, and several splice variants of the receptor have been identified in time. P2X7 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been broadly analyzed by studies relating them to pathologies as different as infectious, inflammatory, nervous, and bone diseases, among which cancer is included. Moreover, in the last years, an increasing number of reports concentrated on P2X7 splice variants’ different roles and their implications in pathological conditions, including oncogenesis. Here, we give an overview of established and recent literature demonstrating a role for human P2X7 gene products in oncological conditions, mainly focusing on current data emerging on P2X7 isoform B and nfP2X7. We explored the role of these and other genetic variants of P2X7 in cancer insurgence, dissemination, and progression, as well as the effect of chemotherapy on isoforms expression. The described literature strongly suggests that P2X7 variants are potential new biomarkers and therapeutical targets in oncological conditions and that their study in carcinogenesis deserves to be further pursued.
Collapse
|
21
|
Pillat MM, Oliveira-Giacomelli Á, das Neves Oliveira M, Andrejew R, Turrini N, Baranova J, Lah Turnšek T, Ulrich H. Mesenchymal stem cell-glioblastoma interactions mediated via kinin receptors unveiled by cytometry. Cytometry A 2021; 99:152-163. [PMID: 33438373 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most malignant and devastating brain tumors. The presence of highly therapy-resistant GBM cell subpopulations within the tumor mass, rapid invasion into brain tissues and reciprocal interactions with stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment contributes to an inevitable fatal prognosis for the patients. We highlight the most recent evidence of GBM cell crosstalk with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which occurs either by direct cell-cell interactions via gap junctions and microtubules or cell fusion. MSCs and GBM paracrine interactions are commonly observed and involve cytokine signaling, regulating MSC tropism toward GBM, their intra-tumoral distribution, and immune system responses. MSC-promoted effects depending on their cytokine and receptor expression patterns are considered critical for GBM progression. MSC origin, tumor heterogeneity and plasticity may also determine the outcome of such interactions. Kinins and kinin-B1 and -B2 receptors play important roles in information flow between MSCs and GBM cells. Kinin-B1 receptor activity favors tumor migration and fusion of MSCs and GBM cells. Flow and image (tissue) cytometry are powerful tools to investigate GBM cell and MSC crosstalk and are applied to analyze and characterize several other cancer types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Micheli Mainardi Pillat
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | | | - Roberta Andrejew
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalia Turrini
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Baranova
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tamara Lah Turnšek
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Barczyk A, Bauderlique‐Le Roy H, Jouy N, Renault N, Hottin A, Millet R, Vouret‐Craviari V, Adriouch S, Idziorek T, Dezitter X. Flow cytometry: An accurate tool for screening
P2RX7
modulators. Cytometry A 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Barczyk
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 – Infinite – Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation Lille France
| | - Hélène Bauderlique‐Le Roy
- Univ. Lille, UMS 2014‐US 41 PLBS BICel, Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Institut Pasteur de Lille Lille cedex France
| | - Nathalie Jouy
- Univ. Lille, UMS 2014‐US 41 PLBS BICel, Flow Cytometry Core Facility, IRCL, 1 place de Verdun Lille cedex France
| | - Nicolas Renault
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 – Infinite – Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation Lille France
| | - Audrey Hottin
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 – Infinite – Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation Lille France
| | - Régis Millet
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 – Infinite – Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation Lille France
| | - Valérie Vouret‐Craviari
- University Cote d'Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, IRCAN U1081 UMR CNRS 7284 Nice France
| | - Sahil Adriouch
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1234, Pathophysiology, Autoimmunity, Neuromuscular Diseases and Regenerative THERapies (PANTHER) Rouen France
| | - Thierry Idziorek
- Univ. Lille, UMS 2014‐US 41 PLBS BICel, Flow Cytometry Core Facility, IRCL, 1 place de Verdun Lille cedex France
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut de Recherche contre le Cancer de Lille, UMR9020 – UMR‐S 1277 ‐ Canther – Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies Lille France
| | - Xavier Dezitter
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 – Infinite – Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation Lille France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Di Virgilio F, Vultaggio-Poma V, Sarti AC. P2X receptors in cancer growth and progression. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 187:114350. [PMID: 33253643 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is increasingly appreciated that ion channels have a crucial role in tumors, either as promoters of cancer cell growth, or modulators of immune cell functions, or both. Among ion channels, P2X receptors have a special status because they are gated by ATP, a common and abundant component of the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, one P2X receptor, i.e. P2X7, may also function as a conduit for ATP release, thus fuelling the increased extracellular ATP level in the tumor interstitium. These findings show that P2X receptors and extracellular ATP are indissoluble partners and key regulators of tumor growth, and suggest the exploitation of the extracellular ATP-P2X partnership to develop innovative therapeutic approaches to cancer.
Collapse
|
24
|
Yang XR, Pi C, Yu R, Fan XJ, Peng XX, Zhang XC, Chen ZH, Wu X, Shao Y, Wu YL, Zhou Q. Correlation of exosomal microRNA clusters with bone metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Exp Metastasis 2020; 38:109-117. [PMID: 33231826 PMCID: PMC7882559 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-020-10062-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
20–40% of lung cancer patients develop bone metastasis (BM) with significantly decreased overall survival. Currently, BM is mainly diagnosed by computerized tomography (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) when symptom develops. Novel biomarkers with higher prediction value of BM are needed. Plasma-derived exosomal microRNAs had been isolated and sequenced of total 30 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients including 16 with bone metastasis and 14 without bone metastasis. Hierarchical clustering based on the total miRNA profile can clearly separate cancer patients and healthy individuals (H), but not patients with (BM +) or without (BM−) BM. Weight Co-expression network of miRNAs (WGCNA) analyses identified three consensus clusters (A, B, C) of highly correlated miRNAs, among which cluster B (144 miRNAs) showed significantly differential expression in lung cancer patients, especially in BM + group. Pathway analysis of cluster B miRNAs revealed enrichment in metabolic pathways that may involve in preconditioning of the metastatic niche. Three differentially expressed miRNAs between BM + and BM− patients within cluster B were identified as miR-574-5p, a suppressor of Wnt/β-catenin pathway, was down-regulated, while miR-328-3p and miR-423-3p, two activators of the same pathway, were up-regulated in BM + patients. Cluster A miRNAs (n = 49) also showed trend of upregulation in BM + patients. Interestingly, pathway analysis indicated that 43 of them are associated with chromosome14, which has been suggested to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and bone metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Rong Yang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Can Pi
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruoying Yu
- Geneseeq Technology Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Xiao-Xiao Peng
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Chao Zhang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Chen
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Geneseeq Technology Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yang Shao
- Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Long Wu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pegoraro A, Orioli E, De Marchi E, Salvestrini V, Milani A, Di Virgilio F, Curti A, Adinolfi E. Differential sensitivity of acute myeloid leukemia cells to daunorubicin depends on P2X7A versus P2X7B receptor expression. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:876. [PMID: 33071281 PMCID: PMC7569086 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03058-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common adult leukemia often arising from a preexistent myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). High mortality rates of AML are caused by relapse and chemoresistance; therefore, we analyzed the role of P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) splice variants A and B in AML progression and response to chemotherapy. The expression of P2X7RA and P2X7RB was investigated in samples obtained from MDS and AML untreated subjects or AML patients in relapse or remission after chemotherapy. Both P2X7RA and P2X7RB were overexpressed in AML versus MDS suggesting a disease-promoting function. However, in relapsing patients, P2X7RA was downmodulated, while P2X7RB was upmodulated. Treatment with daunorubicin (DNR), one of the main chemotherapeutics for AML, upregulated P2X7RB expression while reducing P2X7RA mRNA in AML blasts. Interestingly, DNR administration also caused ATP release from AML blasts suggesting that, following chemotherapy, activation of the receptor isoforms via their agonist will be responsible for the differential survival of blasts overexpressing P2X7RA versus P2X7RB. Indeed, AML blasts expressing high levels of P2X7RA were more prone to cell death if exposed to DNR, while those overexpressing P2X7RB were more vital and even protected against DNR toxicity. These data were reproducible also in HEK-293 cells separately expressing P2X7RA and B. P2X7RA facilitation of DNR toxicity was in part due to increased uptake of the drug inside the cell that was lost upon P2X7RB expression. Finally, in an AML xenograft model administration of DNR or the P2X7R antagonist, AZ10606120 significantly reduced leukemic growth and coadministration of the drugs proved more efficacious than single treatment as it reduced both P2X7RA and P2X7RB levels and downmodulated c-myc oncogene. Taken together, our data suggest P2X7RA and P2X7RB as potential prognostic markers for AML and P2X7RB as a therapeutic target to overcome chemoresistance in AML relapsing patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pegoraro
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa Orioli
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena De Marchi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valentina Salvestrini
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital S.Orsola-Malpighi, Institute of Haematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Asia Milani
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Curti
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital S.Orsola-Malpighi, Institute of Haematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Adinolfi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ollà I, Santos-Galindo M, Elorza A, Lucas JJ. P2X7 Receptor Upregulation in Huntington's Disease Brains. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:567430. [PMID: 33122998 PMCID: PMC7573237 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.567430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a fatal degenerative disorder affecting the nervous system. It is characterized by motor, cognitive, and psychiatric dysfunctions, with a late onset and an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. HD-causing mutation consists in an expansion of repeated CAG triplets in the huntingtin gene (HTT), encoding for an expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) stretch in the huntingtin protein (htt). The mutation causes neuronal dysfunction and loss through multiple mechanisms, affecting both the nucleus and cytoplasm. P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) emerged as a major player in neuroinflammation, since ATP – its endogenous ligand – is massively released under this condition. Indeed, P2X7R stimulation in the central nervous system (CNS) is known to enhance the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from microglia and of neurotransmitters from neuronal presynaptic terminals, as well as to promote apoptosis. Previous experiments performed with neurons expressing the mutant huntingtin and exploiting HD mouse models demonstrated a role of P2X7R in HD. On the basis of those results, here, we explore for the first time the status of P2X7R in HD patients’ brain. We report that in HD postmortem striatum, as earlier observed in HD mice, the protein levels of the full-length form of P2X7R, also named P2X7R-A, are upregulated. In addition, the exclusively human naturally occurring variant lacking the C-terminus region, P2X7R-B, is upregulated as well. As we show here, this augmented protein levels can be explained by elevated mRNA levels. Furthermore, in HD patients’ striatum, P2X7R shows not only an augmented total transcript level but also an alteration of its splicing. Remarkably, P2X7R introns 10 and 11 are more retained in HD patients when compared with controls. Taken together, our data confirm that P2X7R is altered in brains of HD subjects and strengthen the notion that P2X7R may represent a potential therapeutic target for HD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Ollà
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa' (CBMSO) CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Networking Research Centre on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Santos-Galindo
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa' (CBMSO) CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Networking Research Centre on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ainara Elorza
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa' (CBMSO) CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Networking Research Centre on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - José J Lucas
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa' (CBMSO) CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Networking Research Centre on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Benzaquen J, Dit Hreich SJ, Heeke S, Juhel T, Lalvee S, Bauwens S, Saccani S, Lenormand P, Hofman V, Butori M, Leroy S, Berthet JP, Marquette CH, Hofman P, Vouret-Craviari V. P2RX7B is a new theranostic marker for lung adenocarcinoma patients. Theranostics 2020; 10:10849-10860. [PMID: 33042257 PMCID: PMC7532666 DOI: 10.7150/thno.48229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The characterization of new theranostic biomarkers is crucial to improving the clinical outcome of patients with advanced lung cancer. Here, we aimed at characterizing the P2RX7 receptor, a positive modulator of the anti-tumor immune response, in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: The expression of P2RX7 and its splice variants was analyzed by RT-qPCR using areas of tumor and non-tumor lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) tissues on both immune and non-immune cells. The biological activity of P2RX7 was studied by flow cytometry using fluorescent dyes. Bi-molecular fluorescence complementation and confocal microscopy were used to assess the oligomerization of P2RX7. Tumor immune infiltrates were characterized by immunohistochemistry. Results: Fifty-three patients with LUAD were evaluated. P2RX7A, and 3 alternative splice variants were expressed in LUAD tissues and expression was down regulated in tumor versus adjacent non-tumor tissues. The protein retained biological activity only in immune cells. The P2RX7B splice variant was differentially upregulated in immune cells (P < 0.001) of the tumor and strong evidence of oligomerization of P2RX7A and B was observed in the HEK expression model, which correlated with a default in the activity of P2RX7. Finally, LUAD patients with a high level of P2RX7B had non-inflamed tumors (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Our findings identified P2RX7B as a new theranostic tool to restore functional P2RX7 activity and open alternative therapeutic opportunities to improve LUAD patient outcome.
Collapse
|
28
|
Andrejew R, Oliveira-Giacomelli Á, Ribeiro DE, Glaser T, Arnaud-Sampaio VF, Lameu C, Ulrich H. The P2X7 Receptor: Central Hub of Brain Diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:124. [PMID: 32848594 PMCID: PMC7413029 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor is a cation channel activated by high concentrations of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Upon long-term activation, it complexes with membrane proteins forming a wide pore that leads to cell death and increased release of ATP into the extracellular milieu. The P2X7 receptor is widely expressed in the CNS, such as frontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala and striatum, regions involved in neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. Despite P2X7 receptor functions in glial cells have been extensively studied, the existence and roles of this receptor in neurons are still controversially discussed. Regardless, P2X7 receptors mediate several processes observed in neuropsychiatric disorders and brain tumors, such as activation of neuroinflammatory response, stimulation of glutamate release and neuroplasticity impairment. Moreover, P2X7 receptor gene polymorphisms have been associated to depression, and isoforms of P2X7 receptors are implicated in neuropsychiatric diseases. In view of that, the P2X7 receptor has been proposed to be a potential target for therapeutic intervention in brain diseases. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms underlying P2X7 receptor-mediated signaling in neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric disorders, and brain tumors. In addition, it highlights the recent advances in the development of P2X7 receptor antagonists that are able of penetrating the central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Andrejew
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Deidiane Elisa Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Talita Glaser
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Claudiana Lameu
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
The bioactive peptide bradykinin obtained from cleavage of precursor kininogens activates the kinin-B2 receptor functioning in induction of inflammation and vasodilatation. In addition, bradykinin participates in kidney and cardiovascular development and neuronal and muscle differentiation. Here we show that kinin-B2 receptors are expressed throughout differentiation of murine C2C12 myoblasts into myotubes. An autocrine loop between receptor activation and bradykinin secretion is suggested, since bradykinin secretion is significantly reduced in the presence of the kinin-B2 receptor antagonist HOE-140 during differentiation. Expression of skeletal muscle markers and regenerative capacity were decreased after pharmacological inhibition or genetic ablation of the B2 receptor, while its antagonism increased the number of myoblasts in culture. In summary, the present work reveals to date no functions described for the B2 receptor in muscle regeneration due to the control of proliferation and differentiation of muscle precursor cells.
Collapse
|
30
|
Arnaud-Sampaio VF, Rabelo ILA, Bento CA, Glaser T, Bezerra J, Coutinho-Silva R, Ulrich H, Lameu C. Using Cytometry for Investigation of Purinergic Signaling in Tumor-Associated Macrophages. Cytometry A 2020; 97:1109-1126. [PMID: 32633884 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages are widely recognized for their importance in guiding pro-tumoral or antitumoral responses. Mediating inflammation or immunosuppression, these cells support many key events in cancer progression: cell growth, chemotaxis, invasiveness, angiogenesis and cell death. The communication between cells in the tumor microenvironment strongly relies on the secretion and recognition of several molecules, including damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Extracellular ATP (eATP) and its degradation products act as signaling molecules and have extensively described roles in immune response and inflammation, as well as in cancer biology. These multiple functions highlight the purinergic system as a promising target to investigate the interplay between macrophages and cancer cells. Here, we reviewed purinergic signaling pathways connecting cancer cells and macrophages, a yet poorly investigated field. Finally, we present a new tool for the characterization of macrophage phenotype within the tumor. Image cytometry emerges as a cutting-edge tool, capable of providing a broad set of information on cell morphology, expression of specific markers, and its cellular or subcellular localization, preserving cell-cell interactions within the tumor section and providing high statistical strength in small-sized experiments. Thus, image cytometry allows deeper investigation of tumor heterogeneity and interactions between these cells. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Izadora L A Rabelo
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina A Bento
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Talita Glaser
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean Bezerra
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Robson Coutinho-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudiana Lameu
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lara R, Adinolfi E, Harwood CA, Philpott M, Barden JA, Di Virgilio F, McNulty S. P2X7 in Cancer: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutics. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:793. [PMID: 32581786 PMCID: PMC7287489 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
P2X7 is a transmembrane receptor expressed in multiple cell types including neurons, dendritic cells, macrophages, monocytes, B and T cells where it can drive a wide range of physiological responses from pain transduction to immune response. Upon activation by its main ligand, extracellular ATP, P2X7 can form a nonselective channel for cations to enter the cell. Prolonged activation of P2X7, via high levels of extracellular ATP over an extended time period can lead to the formation of a macropore, leading to depolarization of the plasma membrane and ultimately to cell death. Thus, dependent on its activation state, P2X7 can either drive cell survival and proliferation, or induce cell death. In cancer, P2X7 has been shown to have a broad range of functions, including playing key roles in the development and spread of tumor cells. It is therefore unsurprising that P2X7 has been reported to be upregulated in several malignancies. Critically, ATP is present at high extracellular concentrations in the tumor microenvironment (TME) compared to levels observed in normal tissues. These high levels of ATP should present a survival challenge for cancer cells, potentially leading to constitutive receptor activation, prolonged macropore formation and ultimately to cell death. Therefore, to deliver the proven advantages for P2X7 in driving tumor survival and metastatic potential, the P2X7 macropore must be tightly controlled while retaining other functions. Studies have shown that commonly expressed P2X7 splice variants, distinct SNPs and post-translational receptor modifications can impair the capacity of P2X7 to open the macropore. These receptor modifications and potentially others may ultimately protect cancer cells from the negative consequences associated with constitutive activation of P2X7. Significantly, the effects of both P2X7 agonists and antagonists in preclinical tumor models of cancer demonstrate the potential for agents modifying P2X7 function, to provide innovative cancer therapies. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding of the structure and functions of P2X7 and how these impact P2X7 roles in cancer progression. We also review potential therapeutic approaches directed against P2X7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Lara
- Biosceptre (UK) Limited, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Adinolfi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Catherine A Harwood
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Philpott
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Bart's & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Francesco Di Virgilio
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Upregulation of Epithelial-To-Mesenchymal Transition Markers and P2X7 Receptors Is Associated to Increased Invasiveness Caused by P2X7 Receptor Stimulation in Human Glioblastoma Stem Cells. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010085. [PMID: 31905754 PMCID: PMC7016938 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) stem cells (GSCs), which contribute to GBM unfavorable prognosis, show high expression levels of ATP/P2X7 receptors (P2X7R). Here, we reported that cells exposure to 2’(3’)-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)-ATP (BzATP), a P2X7R agonist, up-regulated the expression of markers associated to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process likely contributing to GSC malignancy, and increased GSC migration/invasiveness like the known EMT inducer, Transforming Growth Factor β1 (TGFβ1). These effects were coupled to phosphorylation of SMAD2, a downstream effector in the TGFβ pathway, suggesting its involvement in P2X7R-mediated activity in GSCs. All BzATP effects, including a decrease in the caspase 3/7 activity in GSC medium, were mostly counteracted by the P2X7R antagonist A438079. Finally, BzATP increased the subunit expression of two main human P2X7R splice variants, the full-length P2X7A and the truncated P2X7B, lacking the carboxylic tail, which have different functional properties depending on their arrangement. Since up-regulation of A/B subunits might favor their assembly into a heterotrimeric P2X7R with great sensitivity towards agonists and cell energy support, this is in line with increased EMT markers expression, cell migration/invasion and GSC survival observed following P2X7R stimulation. As in GBM microenvironment extracellular ATP levels may activate P2X7R, our data suggest a P2X7R role in GBM recurrence/invasiveness.
Collapse
|
33
|
Combination of Chemical and Neurotrophin Stimulation Modulates Neurotransmitter Receptor Expression and Activity in Transdifferentiating Human Adipose Stromal Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2019; 15:851-863. [PMID: 31529274 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09915-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adipose stromal cells are promising tools for clinical applications in regeneration therapies, due to their ease of isolation from tissue and its high yield; however, their ability to transdifferentiate into neural phenotypes is still a matter of controversy. Here, we show that combined chemical and neurotrophin stimulation resulted in neuron-like morphology and regulated expression and activity of several genes involved in neurogenesis and neurotransmission as well as ion currents mediated by NMDA and GABA receptors. Among them, expression patterns of genes coding for kinin-B1 and B2, α7 nicotinic, M1, M3 and M4 muscarinic acetylcholine, glutamatergic (AMPA2 and mGlu2), purinergic P2Y1 and P2Y4 and GABAergic (GABA-A, β3-subunit) receptors and neuronal nitric oxide synthase were up-regulated compared to levels of undifferentiated cells. Simultaneously, expression levels of P2X1, P2X4, P2X7 and P2Y6 purinergic and M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors were down-regulated. Agonist-induced activity levels of the studied receptor classes also augmented during neuronal transdifferentiation. Transdifferentiated cells expressed high levels of neuronal β3-tubulin, NF-H, NeuN and MAP-2 proteins as well as increased ASCL1, MYT1 and POU3F2 gene expression known to drive neuronal fate determination. The presented work contributes to a better understanding of transdifferentiation induced by neurotrophins for a prospective broad spectrum of medical applications.
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhou Y, Wang W, Wei R, Jiang G, Li F, Chen X, Wang X, Long S, Ma D, Xi L. Serum bradykinin levels as a diagnostic marker in cervical cancer with a potential mechanism to promote VEGF expression via BDKRB2. Int J Oncol 2019; 55:131-141. [PMID: 31059006 PMCID: PMC6561625 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bradykinin (BK) is one of the kinin peptides and preferentially binds to bradykinin B2 receptor (BDKRB2). A recent study indicated that BK played an important role in the occurrence and progression of cancer. In this study, we evaluated the serum BK levels in 130 cervical cancer (CC) cases (including 65 cases with pre- and post-surgery paired samples, another 65 cases with only pre-surgery samples), 35 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) cases (pre- and post-surgery paired) and 35 control cases. We found that BK was overexpressed in patients with CC compared to patients with CIN and the control group. When combined with squamous cell carcinoma-related antigen (SCCA), the diagnostic efficacy of BK was prominently enhanced. Moreover, we detected the expression level of the BK receptor BDKRB2 in CC, CIN and normal cervical tissues and observed a higher expression in the CC and CIN tissues than in the normal cervix. We then explored the possible mechanisms of action of BK in promoting the progression of CC. When BK was added to the cell culture medium, human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) angiogenesis increased and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in CC cell lines was also elevated. The BK antagonist, HOE140, exerted an opposite effect. The knockdown or the overexpression of BDKRB2 in CC cell lines further confirmed its oncogenic role in angiogenesis. Taken together, the findings of this study suggest that BK may be a diagnostic biomarker for CC and may notably improve the diagnostic efficacy when combined with SCCA. BK promotes the progression of CC by upregulating the expression of VEGF via BDKRB2 and subsequently facilitating angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Rui Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Guiying Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Xueqian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Sixiang Long
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Ding Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Ling Xi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Adinolfi E, De Marchi E, Orioli E, Pegoraro A, Di Virgilio F. Role of the P2X7 receptor in tumor-associated inflammation. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2019; 47:59-64. [PMID: 30921559 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is constantly associated to cancer. Malignant tumors often develop at sites of chronic inflammation, and inflammation promotes tumor progression. But, at the same time, inflammation is crucial for anti-tumor immune response. Many factors are responsible for this 'Dr Jekyll/Mr Hyde' roles of inflammation, among which one that is attracting increasing attention is the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R). This receptor is expressed by most malignant tumors and widely diffused in innate and adaptive immune cells, where it supports proliferation, chemotaxis, growth factor, and cytokine release. P2X7R-targeting may offer novel avenues for anti-cancer therapeutic intervention, but might also impair host anti-tumor responses. This short review highlights recent findings on the dual role of the P2X7R in cancer-associated inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Adinolfi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Elena De Marchi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa Orioli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Pegoraro
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Virgilio
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Beadnell T, Borriello L, Christenson J, Fornetti J, Guldner I, Hanna A, Kyjacova L, Marinak-Whately K, de Melo Martins PC, Rotinen M, Te Boekhorst V, Cox TR. Meeting report: Metastasis Research Society (MRS) 17th Biennial conference and associated Young Investigator Satellite Meeting (YISM) on cancer metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2019; 36:119-137. [PMID: 30673912 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-018-09953-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Metastasis Research Society (MRS) 17th Biennial conference on metastasis was held on the 1st to the 5th of August 2018 at Princeton University, NJ, USA. The meeting was held around themes addressing notable aspects of the understanding and treatment of metastasis and metastatic disease covering basic, translational, and clinical research. Importantly, the meeting was largely supported by our patient advocate partners including Susan G. Komen for the Cure, Theresa's Research Foundation and METAvivor. There were a total of 85 presentations from invited and selected speakers spread across the main congress and presentations from the preceding Young Investigator Satellite Meeting. Presentations are summarized in this report by session topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Beadnell
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Kansas University Medical Center, and The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Lucia Borriello
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Christenson
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jaime Fornetti
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Ian Guldner
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Ann Hanna
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lenka Kyjacova
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 681 67, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kristina Marinak-Whately
- WVU Cancer Institute, Cancer Cell Biology, West Virginia School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Mirja Rotinen
- Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Departments of Surgery & Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Veronika Te Boekhorst
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 77030, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas R Cox
- Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|