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Neumann J, Dimov K, Azatsian K, Hofmann B, Gergs U. Effects of psilocin and psilocybin on human 5-HT 4 serotonin receptors in atrial preparations of transgenic mice and humans. Toxicol Lett 2024; 398:55-64. [PMID: 38876450 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Several fungi belonging to the genus Psilocybe, also called "magic mushrooms", contain the hallucinogenic drugs psilocybin and psilocin. They are chemically related to serotonin (5-HT). In addition to being abused as drugs, they are now also being discussed or used as a treatment option for depression. Here, we hypothesized that psilocybin and psilocin may act also on cardiac serotonin receptors and studied them in vitro in atrial preparations of our transgenic mouse model with cardiac myocytes-specific overexpression of the human 5-HT4 receptor (5-HT4-TG) as well as in human atrial preparations. Both psilocybin and psilocin enhanced the force of contraction in isolated left atrial preparations from 5-HT4-TG, increased the beating rate in isolated spontaneously beating right atrial preparations from 5-HT4-TG and augmented the force of contraction in the human atrial preparations. The inotropic and chronotropic effects of psilocybin and psilocin at 10 µM were smaller than that of 1 µM 5-HT on the left and right atria from 5-HT4-TG, respectively. Psilocybin and psilocin were inactive in WT. In the human atrial preparations, inhibition of the phosphodiesterase III by cilostamide was necessary to unmask the positive inotropic effects of psilocybin or psilocin. The effects of 10 µM psilocybin and psilocin were abrogated by 10 µM tropisetron or by 1 µM GR125487, a more selective 5-HT4 receptor antagonist. In summary, we demonstrated that psilocin and psilocybin act as agonists on cardiac 5-HT4 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Neumann
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle D-06097, Germany
| | - Kiril Dimov
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle D-06097, Germany
| | - Karyna Azatsian
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle D-06097, Germany; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Britt Hofmann
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Mid-German Heart Center, University Hospital Halle, Halle D-06097, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gergs
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle D-06097, Germany.
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Neumann J, Hesse C, Yahiaoui S, Dallemagne P, Rochais C, Hofmann B, Gergs U. Studies on the mechanisms of action of MR33317. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03226-0. [PMID: 38856912 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03226-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
MR33317 was synthesized as an acetylcholinesterase-inhibitor and an agonist at brain 5-HT4-receptors. MR33317 might be used to treat Morbus Alzheimer. This therapeutic action of MR33317 might be based on MR33317´s dual synergistic activity. We tested the hypothesis that MR33317 also stimulates 5-HT4-receptors in the heart. MR33317 (starting at 10 nM) increased force of contraction and beating rate in isolated atrial preparations from mice with cardiac confined overexpression of the human 5-HT4-serotonin receptor (5-HT4-TG) but was inactive in wild type mouse hearts (WT). Only in the presence of the phosphodiesterase III-inhibitor cilostamide, MR33317 raised force of contraction under isometric conditions in isolated paced (1 Hz) human right atrial preparations (HAP). This increase in force of contraction in human atrium by MR33317 was attenuated by 10 µM tropisetron or GR125487. These data suggest that MR33317 is an agonist at human 5-HT4-serotonin receptors in the human atrium. Clinically, one would predict that MR33317 may lead to atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Neumann
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 4, 06097, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - C Hesse
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 4, 06097, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - S Yahiaoui
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN CERMN (Centre d'Etudes Et de Recherche Sur Le Médicament de Normandie), 14032, Caen, France
| | - P Dallemagne
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN CERMN (Centre d'Etudes Et de Recherche Sur Le Médicament de Normandie), 14032, Caen, France
| | - C Rochais
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN CERMN (Centre d'Etudes Et de Recherche Sur Le Médicament de Normandie), 14032, Caen, France
| | - B Hofmann
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Mid-German Heart Center, University Hospital Halle, Ernst-Grube Straße 40, 06097, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - U Gergs
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 4, 06097, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Schwarz R, Hofmann B, Gergs U, Neumann J. Cantharidin and sodium fluoride attenuate the negative inotropic effects of carbachol in the isolated human atrium. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2183-2202. [PMID: 37801145 PMCID: PMC10933163 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02747-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbachol, an agonist at muscarinic receptors, exerts a negative inotropic effect in human atrium. Carbachol can activate protein phosphatases (PP1 or PP2A). We hypothesized that cantharidin or sodium fluoride, inhibitors of PP1 and PP2A, may attenuate a negative inotropic effect of carbachol. During bypass-surgery trabeculae carneae of human atrial preparations (HAP) were obtained. These trabeculae were mounted in organ baths and electrically stimulated (1 Hz). Force of contraction was measured under isometric conditions. For comparison, we studied isolated electrically stimulated left atrial preparations (LA) from mice. Cantharidin (100 µM) and sodium fluoride (3 mM) increased force of contraction in LA (n = 5-8, p < 0.05) by 113% ± 24.5% and by 100% ± 38.2% and in HAP (n = 13-15, p < 0.05) by 625% ± 169% and by 196% ± 23.5%, respectively. Carbachol (1 µM) alone exerted a rapid transient maximum negative inotropic effect in LA (n = 6) and HAP (n = 14) to 46.9% ± 3.63% and 19.4% ± 3.74%, respectively (p < 0.05). These negative inotropic effects were smaller in LA (n = 4-6) and HAP (n = 9-12) pretreated with 100 µM cantharidin and amounted to 58.0% ± 2.27% and 59.2% ± 6.19% or 3 mM sodium fluoride to 63.7% ± 9.84% and 46.3% ± 5.69%, (p < 0.05). We suggest that carbachol, at least in part, exerts a negative inotropic effect in the human atrium by stimulating the enzymatic activity of PP1 and/or PP2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Schwarz
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Britt Hofmann
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Mid-German Heart Center, University Hospital Halle, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ulrich Gergs
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Joachim Neumann
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Neumann J, Hußler W, Hofmann B, Gergs U. Contractile Effects of Amphetamine, Pseudoephedrine, Nor-pseudoephedrine (Cathine), and Cathinone on Atrial Preparations of Mice and Humans. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2024; 83:243-250. [PMID: 38181215 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Amphetamine derivatives are used worldwide legally or illegally and intoxications may be accompanied by cardiac arrhythmias. Here, we tested contractile effects of cumulative applied (±)-amphetamine, pseudoephedrine, nor-pseudoephedrine (cathine), and cathinone in electrically stimulated (1 Hz) human right atrial preparations (HAP) and mouse left atrial preparations and in spontaneously beating mouse right atrial preparations. In mouse atrial preparations, amphetamine increased force of contraction and beating rate in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, starting at 1 µM in left atrial preparations to 157.1% ± 3.0% and right atrial preparations to 146.6% ± 9.8% at 10 µM, respectively [mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM); n = 5; P < 0.05]. Pseudoephedrine, cathine, or cathinone alone were ineffective in mouse atrial preparations but after pre-incubation with the phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor rolipram (0.1 µM), a positive inotropic effect was noted (mean ± SEM: pseudoephedrine: 112.3% ± 9.8%; cathine: 109.0% ± 4.3%; cathinone: 138.3% ± 21.2%). The effects of all drugs were greatly attenuated by 10 µM cocaine or 10 µM propranolol treatments. However, In HAP, not only amphetamine (to a mean ± SEM of 208% ± 32%) but also pseudoephedrine (to a mean ± SEM of 287% ± 60%), cathine (to a mean ± SEM of 234% ± 52%), and cathinone (to a mean ± SEM of 217% ± 65%) increased force of contraction without the need of phosphodiesterase inhibition. The contractile effects in HAP were attenuated by 10 µM cocaine and antagonized by 10 µM propranolol. We conclude that amphetamine, pseudoephedrine, cathine, and cathinone act probably via release of noradrenaline from cardiac stores as indirect sympathomimetic agents in mouse and more pronounced in human atrial preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Neumann
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; and
| | - Wilhelm Hußler
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; and
| | - Britt Hofmann
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Mid-German Heart Center, University Hospital Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gergs
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; and
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Louradour J, Ottersberg R, Segiser A, Olejnik A, Martínez-Salazar B, Siegrist M, Egle M, Barbieri M, Nimani S, Alerni N, Döring Y, Odening KE, Longnus S. Simultaneous assessment of mechanical and electrical function in Langendorff-perfused ex-vivo mouse hearts. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1293032. [PMID: 38028448 PMCID: PMC10663365 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1293032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Langendorff-perfused ex-vivo isolated heart model has been extensively used to study cardiac function for many years. However, electrical and mechanical function are often studied separately-despite growing proof of a complex electro-mechanical interaction in cardiac physiology and pathology. Therefore, we developed an isolated mouse heart perfusion system that allows simultaneous recording of electrical and mechanical function. Methods Isolated mouse hearts were mounted on a Langendorff setup and electrical function was assessed via a pseudo-ECG and an octapolar catheter inserted in the right atrium and ventricle. Mechanical function was simultaneously assessed via a balloon inserted into the left ventricle coupled with pressure determination. Hearts were then submitted to an ischemia-reperfusion protocol. Results At baseline, heart rate, PR and QT intervals, intra-atrial and intra-ventricular conduction times, as well as ventricular effective refractory period, could be measured as parameters of cardiac electrical function. Left ventricular developed pressure (DP), left ventricular work (DP-heart rate product) and maximal velocities of contraction and relaxation were used to assess cardiac mechanical function. Cardiac arrhythmias were observed with episodes of bigeminy during which DP was significantly increased compared to that of sinus rhythm episodes. In addition, the extrasystole-triggered contraction was only 50% of that of sinus rhythm, recapitulating the "pulse deficit" phenomenon observed in bigeminy patients. After ischemia, the mechanical function significantly decreased and slowly recovered during reperfusion while most of the electrical parameters remained unchanged. Finally, the same electro-mechanical interaction during episodes of bigeminy at baseline was observed during reperfusion. Conclusion Our modified Langendorff setup allows simultaneous recording of electrical and mechanical function on a beat-to-beat scale and can be used to study electro-mechanical interaction in isolated mouse hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Louradour
- Department of Physiology, Translational Cardiology/Electrophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rahel Ottersberg
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Segiser
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Agnieszka Olejnik
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Hematology, Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Berenice Martínez-Salazar
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mark Siegrist
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Egle
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Barbieri
- Department of Physiology, Translational Cardiology/Electrophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Saranda Nimani
- Department of Physiology, Translational Cardiology/Electrophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicolò Alerni
- Department of Physiology, Translational Cardiology/Electrophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne Döring
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Heart Alliance Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja E. Odening
- Department of Physiology, Translational Cardiology/Electrophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, Translational Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Longnus
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Schwarz R, Hofmann B, Gergs U, Neumann J. Cantharidin increases the force of contraction and protein phosphorylation in isolated human atria. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:2613-2625. [PMID: 37097333 PMCID: PMC10497697 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02483-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Cantharidin, an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), is known to increase the force of contraction and shorten the time to relaxation in human ventricular preparations. We hypothesized that cantharidin has similar positive inotropic effects in human right atrial appendage (RAA) preparations. RAA were obtained during bypass surgery performed on human patients. These trabeculae were mounted in organ baths and electrically stimulated at 1 Hz. For comparison, we studied isolated electrically stimulated left atrial (LA) preparations and isolated spontaneously beating right atrial (RA) preparations from wild-type mice. Cumulatively applied (starting at 10 to 30 µM), cantharidin exerted a positive concentration-dependent inotropic effect that plateaued at 300 µM in the RAA, LA, and RA preparations. This positive inotropic effect was accompanied by a shortening of the time to relaxation in human atrial preparations (HAPs). Notably, cantharidin did not alter the beating rate in the RA preparations. Furthermore, cantharidin (100 µM) increased the phosphorylation state of phospholamban and the inhibitory subunit of troponin I in RAA preparations, which may account for the faster relaxation observed. The generated data indicate that PP1 and/or PP2A play a functional role in human atrial contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Schwarz
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 4, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - B. Hofmann
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Mid-German Heart Center, University Hospital Halle, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - U. Gergs
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 4, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - J. Neumann
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 4, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Hoffmann RJR, Gergs U, Hofmann B, Kirchhefer U, Neumann J. Temperature alters the inotropic, chronotropic and proarrhythmic effects of histamine in atrial muscle preparations from humans and H 2-receptor overexpressing mice. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:2137-2150. [PMID: 36951998 PMCID: PMC10409711 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02457-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether hypothermia and hyperthermia can alter the efficacy and potency of histamine at increasing the force of cardiac contractions in mice that overexpress the human H2 receptor only in their cardiac myocytes (labelled H2-TG). Contractile studies were performed in an organ bath on isolated, electrically driven (1 Hz) left atrial preparations and spontaneously beating right atrial preparations from H2-TG mice and wild-type (WT) littermate control mice. The basal beating rate in the right atrial preparations from H2-TG mice was lowered by hypothermia (23 °C) and elevated by hyperthermia (42 °C). Furthermore, the efficacy of histamine (0.01-100 µM) at exerting positive inotropic effects was more severely attenuated in the left and right H2-TG mouse atria under hypothermia and hyperthermia than under normothermia (37 °C). Similarly, the inotropic response to histamine was attenuated under hypothermia and hyperthermia in isolated electrically stimulated (1 Hz) right atrial preparations obtained from humans undergoing cardiac surgery. The phosphorylation state of phospholamban at serine 16 at 23 °C was inferior to that at 37 °C in left atrial preparations from H2-TG mice in the presence of 10 µM histamine. In contrast, in human atrial preparations, the phosphorylation state of phospholamban at serine 16 in the presence of 100 µM histamine was lower at 42 °C than at 37 °C. Finally, under hyperthermia, we recorded more and longer lasting arrhythmias in right atrial preparations from H2-TG mice than in those from WT mice. We conclude that the inotropic effects of histamine in H2-TG mice and in human atrial preparations, as well as the chronotropic effects of histamine in H2-TG mice, are temperature dependent. Furthermore, we observed that, even without stimulation of the H2 receptors by exogenous agonists, temperature elevation can increase arrhythmias in isolated right atrial preparations from H2-TG mice. We propose that H2 receptors play a role in hyperthermia-induced supraventricular arrhythmias in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. R. Hoffmann
- Institut Für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06097 Halle, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gergs
- Institut Für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06097 Halle, Germany
| | - Britt Hofmann
- Medizinische Fakultät, Herzchirurgie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06097 Halle, Germany
| | - Uwe Kirchhefer
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Domagkstr. 12, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Joachim Neumann
- Institut Für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06097 Halle, Germany
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Neumann J, Hußler W, Azatsian K, Hofmann B, Gergs U. Methamphetamine increases force of contraction in isolated human atrial preparations through the release of noradrenaline. Toxicol Lett 2023:S0378-4274(23)00212-6. [PMID: 37394154 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
We measured the cardiac contractile effects of the sympathomimetic amphetamine-like drug methamphetamine alone and in the presence of cocaine or propranolol in human atrial preparations. For a more comprehensive analysis, we also examined the effects of methamphetamine in preparations from the left and right atria of mice and, for comparison, analyzed the cardiac effects of amphetamine itself. In human atrial preparations, methamphetamine and amphetamine increased the contractile force, the relaxation rate, and the rate of tension development, and shortened the time to maximum tension and the time to relaxation. Likewise, in mice preparations, methamphetamine and amphetamine increased the contractile force in the left atrium and increased the beating rate in the right atrium. The effect in human atrial preparations started at 1µM, therefore methamphetamine was less effective and potent than isoproterenol in increasing contractile force. These positive inotropic effects of methamphetamine were greatly attenuated by 10µM cocaine and abolished by 10µM propranolol. The inotropic effects of methamphetamine in human atrial preparations were associated with, and are believed to be mediated at least in part by, an increase in the phosphorylation state of the inhibitory subunit of troponin. In conclusion, the sympathomimetic central stimulant drug methamphetamine (as well as amphetamine) increased contractile force and protein phosphorylation, presumably through a release of noradrenaline in isolated human atrial preparations. Thus, methamphetamine acts as an indirect sympathomimetic in the human atrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Neumann
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097 Halle, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Hußler
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097 Halle, Germany
| | - Karyna Azatsian
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097 Halle, Germany
| | - Britt Hofmann
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Mid-German Heart Center, University Hospital Halle, D-06097 Halle, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gergs
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097 Halle, Germany.
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Cardiovascular effects of bufotenin on human 5-HT 4 serotonin receptors in cardiac preparations of transgenic mice and in human atrial preparations. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023:10.1007/s00210-023-02414-8. [PMID: 36754881 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02414-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
It is unclear whether bufotenin (= N,N-dimethyl-serotonin = 5-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-tryptamine), a hallucinogenic drug, can act on human cardiac serotonin 5-HT4 receptors. Therefore, the aim of the study was to examine the cardiac effects of bufotenin and for comparison tryptamine in transgenic mice that only express the human 5-HT4 receptor in cardiomyocytes (5-HT4-TG), in their wild-type littermates (WT) and in isolated electrically driven (1 Hz) human atrial preparations. In 5-HT4-TG, we found that both bufotenin and tryptamine enhanced the force of contraction in left atrial preparations (pD2 = 6.77 or 5.5, respectively) and the beating rate in spontaneously beating right atrial preparations (pD2 = 7.04 or 5.86, respectively). Bufotenin (1 µM) increased left ventricular force of contraction and beating rate in Langendorff perfused hearts from 5-HT4-TG, whereas it was inactive in hearts from WT animals, as was tryptamine. The positive inotropic and chronotropic effects of bufotenin and tryptamine were potentiated by an inhibitor of monoamine oxidases (50 µM pargyline). Furthermore, bufotenin concentration- (0.1-10 µM) and time-dependently elevated force of contraction in isolated electrically stimulated musculi pectinati from the human atrium and these effects were likewise reversed by tropisetron (10 µM). We found that bufotenin (10 µM) increased the phosphorylation state of phospholamban in the isolated perfused hearts, left and right atrial muscle strips of 5-HT4-TG but not from WT and in isolated human right atrial preparations. In summary, we showed that bufotenin can increase the force of contraction via stimulation of human 5-HT4 receptors transgenic mouse cardiac preparations but notably also in human atrial preparations.
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Neumann J, Azatsian K, Höhm C, Hofmann B, Gergs U. Cardiac effects of ephedrine, norephedrine, mescaline, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in mouse and human atrial preparations. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:275-287. [PMID: 36319858 PMCID: PMC9831963 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02315-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of recreational drugs like ephedrine, norephedrine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and mescaline can lead to intoxication and, at worst, to death. One reason for a fatal course of intoxication with these drugs might lie in cardiac arrhythmias. To the best of our knowledge, their inotropic effects have not yet been studied in isolated human cardiac preparations. Therefore, we measured inotropic effects of the hallucinogenic drugs ephedrine, norephedrine, mescaline, and MDMA in isolated mouse left atrial (mLA) and right atrial (mRA) preparations as well as in human right atrial (hRA) preparations obtained during cardiac surgery. Under these experimental conditions, ephedrine, norephedrine, and MDMA increased force of contraction (mLA, hRA) and beating rate (mRA) in a time- and concentration-dependent way, starting at 1-3 µM but these drugs were less effective than isoprenaline. Mescaline alone or in the presence of phosphodiesterase inhibitors did not increase force in mLA or hRA. The positive inotropic effects of ephedrine, norephedrine, or MDMA were accompanied by increases in the rate of tension and relaxation and by shortening of time of relaxation and, moreover, by an augmented phosphorylation state of the inhibitory subunit of troponin in hRA. All effects were greatly attenuated by cocaine (10 µM) or propranolol (10 µM) treatment. In summary, the hallucinogenic drugs ephedrine, norephedrine, and MDMA, but not mescaline, increased force of contraction and increased protein phosphorylation presumably, in part, by a release of noradrenaline in isolated human atrial preparations and thus can be regarded as indirect sympathomimetic drugs in the human atrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Neumann
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 4, D-06097, Halle, Germany
| | - Karyna Azatsian
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 4, D-06097, Halle, Germany
| | - Christian Höhm
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 4, D-06097, Halle, Germany
| | - Britt Hofmann
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Mid-German Heart Center, University Hospital Halle, D-06097, Halle, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gergs
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 4, D-06097, Halle, Germany.
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11
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Adenosine and Adenosine Receptors: Advances in Atrial Fibrillation. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112963. [PMID: 36428533 PMCID: PMC9687155 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in the world. Because the key to developing innovative therapies that limit the onset and the progression of AF is to fully understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of AF, the aim of the present narrative review is to report the most recent advances in the potential role of the adenosinergic system in the pathophysiology of AF. After a comprehensive approach describing adenosinergic system signaling and the mechanisms of the initiation and maintenance of AF, we address the interactions of the adenosinergic system's signaling with AF. Indeed, adenosine release can activate four G-coupled membrane receptors, named A1, A2A, A2B and A3. Activation of the A2A receptors can promote the occurrence of delayed depolarization, while activation of the A1 receptors can shorten the action potential's duration and induce the resting membrane's potential hyperpolarization, which promote pulmonary vein firing, stabilize the AF rotors and allow for functional reentry. Moreover, the A2B receptors have been associated with atrial fibrosis homeostasis. Finally, the adenosinergic system can modulate the autonomous nervous system and is associated with AF risk factors. A question remains regarding adenosine release and the adenosine receptors' activation and whether this would be a cause or consequence of AF.
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12
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Gergs U, Jahn T, Schulz N, Großmann C, Rueckschloss U, Demus U, Buchwalow IB, Neumann J. Protein Phosphatase 2A Improves Cardiac Functional Response to Ischemia and Sepsis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094688. [PMID: 35563079 PMCID: PMC9101092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible protein phosphorylation is a posttranslational modification of regulatory proteins involved in cardiac signaling pathways. Here, we focus on the role of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) for cardiac gene expression and stress response using a transgenic mouse model with cardiac myocyte-specific overexpression of the catalytic subunit of PP2A (PP2A-TG). Gene and protein expression were assessed under basal conditions by gene chip analysis and Western blotting. Some cardiac genes related to the cell metabolism and to protein phosphorylation such as kinases and phosphatases were altered in PP2A-TG compared to wild type mice (WT). As cardiac stressors, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis in vivo and a global cardiac ischemia in vitro (stop-flow isolated perfused heart model) were examined. Whereas the basal cardiac function was reduced in PP2A-TG as studied by echocardiography or as studied in the isolated work-performing heart, the acute LPS- or ischemia-induced cardiac dysfunction deteriorated less in PP2A-TG compared to WT. From the data, we conclude that increased PP2A activity may influence the acute stress tolerance of cardiac myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Gergs
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097 Halle, Germany; (T.J.); (N.S.); (J.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-345-557-4093
| | - Tina Jahn
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097 Halle, Germany; (T.J.); (N.S.); (J.N.)
| | - Nico Schulz
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097 Halle, Germany; (T.J.); (N.S.); (J.N.)
| | - Claudia Großmann
- Julius-Bernstein-Institut für Physiologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097 Halle, Germany;
| | - Uwe Rueckschloss
- Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Uta Demus
- Gesellschaft zur Förderung von Medizin-, Bio-und Umwelttechnologien e. V., D-06120 Halle, Germany;
| | - Igor B. Buchwalow
- Institut für Hämatopathologie, D-22547 Hamburg, Germany;
- Scientific and Educational Resource Center for Molecular Morphology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Joachim Neumann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097 Halle, Germany; (T.J.); (N.S.); (J.N.)
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13
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Functional interaction of H 2-receptors and 5HT 4-receptors in atrial tissues isolated from double transgenic mice and from human patients. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:2401-2418. [PMID: 34562141 PMCID: PMC8592968 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02145-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In the past, we generated transgenic mice that overexpress the human histamine 2 (H2)-receptor (H2-TG) or that overexpress the human serotonin 4 (5-HT4)-receptor (5-HT4-TG) in the heart. Here, we crossbred these lines of mice to generate double transgenic mice that overexpress both receptors (DT). This was done to study a conceivable interaction between these receptors in the mouse heart as a model for the human heart. When in left atria, initially, force of contraction was elevated maximally with 1 µM serotonin, and subsequently, histamine was cumulatively applied; a biphasic effect of histamine was noted: the force of contraction initially decreased, maximally at 10 nM histamine, and thereafter, the force of contraction increased again at 1 µM histamine. Notably, functional interaction between 5-HT and histamine was also identified in isolated electrically stimulated trabeculae carneae from human right atrium (obtained during cardiac surgery). These functional and biochemical data together are consistent with a joint overexpression of inotropically active H2-receptors and 5-HT4-receptors in the same mouse heart. We also describe an antagonistic interaction on the force of contraction of both receptors in the mouse atrium (DT) and in the human atrial muscle strips. We speculate that via this interaction, histamine might act as a "brake" on the cardiac actions of 5-HT via inhibitory GTP-binding proteins acting on the activity of adenylyl cyclase.
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14
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Gergs U, Brückner T, Hofmann B, Neumann J. The proarrhythmic effects of hypothermia in atria isolated from 5-HT 4-receptor-overexpressing mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 906:174206. [PMID: 34048737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether hypothermia would be arrhythmogenic in mice that overexpress the human 5-HT4 receptor only in their cardiac myocytes (5-HT4-TG). Contractile studies were performed in isolated, electrically driven (1 Hz) left and spontaneously beating right atrial preparations of 5-HT4-TG and littermate wild-type control mice (WT). Hypothermia (23 °C) decreased the force of contraction in the mouse right and left atrial preparations. Moreover, the concentration-dependent positive inotropic effects of 5-HT were blunted but still shifted to lower 5-HT concentrations in the left 5-HT4-TG atria in hypothermia compared to normothermia (37 °C). Furthermore, hypothermia increased the incidence of right atrial arrhythmias in 5-HT4-TG more than in WT mice. In contrast, at 37 °C, lowering the potassium concentration from 5.2 to 2.0 mM also induced arrhythmias in the right atrium, but with a similar incidence in WT and 5-HT4-TG mice. In contrast, 10 μM d,l-sotalol and 300 μM erythromycin did not induce arrhythmias. Hypothermia was accompanied by the increased expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in WT but not in 5-HT4-TG mice. We concluded that without the stimulation of 5-HT4-receptors by exogenous agonists, a simple temperature reduction can increase arrhythmias in 5-HT4-TG mice. It is tempting to speculate that in human patients, 5-HT4 receptors might contribute to potentially deadly hypothermia-induced arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Gergs
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097, Halle, Germany.
| | - Tobias Brückner
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097, Halle, Germany.
| | - Britt Hofmann
- Cardiac Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097, Halle, Germany.
| | - Joachim Neumann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097, Halle, Germany.
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15
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Gergs U, Gerigk T, Wittschier J, Schmidbaur CT, Röttger C, Mahnkopf M, Edler H, Wache H, Neumann J. Influence of Serotonin 5-HT 4 Receptors on Responses to Cardiac Stressors in Transgenic Mouse Models. Biomedicines 2021; 9:569. [PMID: 34070090 PMCID: PMC8158346 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to deepen our knowledge on the role of cardiac 5-HT4 receptors under pathophysiological conditions. To this end, we used transgenic (TG) mice that overexpressed human 5-HT4a receptors solely in cardiac myocytes (5-HT4-TG mice) and their wild-type (WT) littermates that do not have functional cardiac 5-HT4 receptors as controls. We found that an inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was detrimental to cardiac function in both 5-HT4-TG and WT mice. In a hypoxia model, isolated left atrial preparations from the 5-HT4-TG mice went into contracture faster during hypoxia and recovered slower following hypoxia than the WT mice. Similarly, using isolated perfused hearts, 5-HT4-TG mice hearts were more susceptible to ischemia compared to WT hearts. To study the influence of 5-HT4 receptors on cardiac hypertrophy, 5-HT4-TG mice were crossbred with TG mice overexpressing the catalytic subunit of PP2A in cardiac myocytes (PP2A-TG mice, a model for genetically induced hypertrophy). The cardiac contractility, determined by echocardiography, of the resulting double transgenic mice was attenuated like in the mono-transgenic PP2A-TG and, therefore, largely determined by the overexpression of PP2A. In summary, depending on the kind of stress put upon the animal or isolated tissue, 5-HT4 receptor overexpression could be either neutral (genetically induced hypertrophy, sepsis) or possibly detrimental (hypoxia, ischemia) for mechanical function. We suggest that depending on the underlying pathology, the activation or blockade of 5-HT4 receptors might offer novel drug therapy options in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joachim Neumann
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06097 Halle (Saale), Germany; (U.G.); (T.G.); (J.W.); (C.T.S.); (C.R.); (M.M.); (H.E.); (H.W.)
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16
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Neumann J, Grobe JM, Weisgut J, Schwelberger HG, Fogel WA, Marušáková M, Wache H, Bähre H, Buchwalow IB, Dhein S, Hofmann B, Kirchhefer U, Gergs U. Histamine can be Formed and Degraded in the Human and Mouse Heart. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:582916. [PMID: 34045955 PMCID: PMC8144513 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.582916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine is metabolized by several enzymes in vitro and in vivo. The relevance of this metabolism in the mammalian heart in vivo is unclear. However, histamine can exert positive inotropic effects (PIE) and positive chronotropic effects (PCE) in humans via H2-histamine receptors. In transgenic mice (H2-TG) that overexpress the human H2 receptor in cardiomyocytes but not in wild-type littermate mice (WT), histamine induced PIE and PCE in isolated left or right atrial preparations. These H2-TG were used to investigate the putative relevance of histamine degrading enzymes in the mammalian heart. Histidine, the precursor of histamine, increased force of contraction (FOC) in human atrial preparations. Moreover, histamine increased the phosphorylation state of phospholamban in human atrium. Here, we could detect histidine decarboxylase (HDC) and histamine itself in cardiomyocytes of mouse hearts. Moreover, our data indicate that histamine is subject to degradation in the mammalian heart. Inhibition of the histamine metabolizing enzymes diamine oxidase (DAO) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) shifted the concentration response curves for the PIE in H2-TG atria to the left. Moreover, activity of histamine metabolizing enzymes was present in mouse cardiac samples as well as in human atrial samples. Thus, drugs used for other indication (e.g. antidepressants) can alter histamine levels in the heart. Our results deepen our understanding of the physiological role of histamine in the mouse and human heart. Our findings might be clinically relevant because we show enzyme targets for drugs to modify the beating rate and force of the human heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Neumann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Juliane M Grobe
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Weisgut
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Hubert G Schwelberger
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Margaréta Marušáková
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Hartmut Wache
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Heike Bähre
- Research Core Unit Metabolomics and Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Dhein
- Klinik für Herzchirurgie, Herzzentrum der Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Britt Hofmann
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Centre of the University Clinics Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Uwe Kirchhefer
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gergs
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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17
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Neumann J, Seidler T, Fehse C, Marušáková M, Hofmann B, Gergs U. Cardiovascular effects of metoclopramide and domperidone on human 5-HT 4-serotonin-receptors in transgenic mice and in human atrial preparations. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 901:174074. [PMID: 33811834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It is unclear whether metoclopramide and domperidone act on human cardiac serotonin 5-HT4-receptors. Therefore, we studied transgenic mice that only express the human 5-HT4 receptor in cardiomyocytes in the atrium and in the ventricle (5-HT4-TG), their wild type-littermates (WT) and isolated human atrial preparations. We found that only metoclopramide but not domperidone enhanced the force of contraction in left atrial preparations (pEC50 = 6.0 ± 0.1; n = 7) from 5-HT4-TG, isolated spontaneously beating right atrial preparations (pEC50 = 6.1 ± 0.1; n = 7) from 5-HT4-TG, Langendorff perfused hearts from 5-HT4-TG, living 5-HT4-TG and human right atrial muscle preparations obtained during bypass surgery of patients suffering from coronary heart disease. The maximum inotropic effect of metoclopramide was smaller (81 ± 2%) than that of 5-HT on the left atria from 5-HT4-TG. The maximum increase in the beating rate due to metoclopramide was 93 ± 2% of effect of 5-HT on right atrial preparations from 5-HT4-TG. Metoclopramide and domperidone were inactive in WT. We found that metoclopramide but not domperidone increased the phosphorylation state of phospholamban in the isolated perfused hearts or muscle strips of 5-HT4-TG, but not in WT. Metoclopramide, but not domperidone, shifted the positive inotropic or chronotropic effects of 5-HT in isolated left atrial and right atrial preparations from 5-HT4-TG dextrally, resp., to higher concentrations: the pEC50 of 5-HT for increase in force was in the absence of metoclopramide 8.6 ± 0.1 (n = 5) versus 8.0 ± 0.3 in the presence of 1 μM metoclopramide (n = 5; P < 0.05); and the beating rate was 7.8 ± 0.2 (n = 7) in the absence of metoclopramide versus 7.2 ± 0.1 in the presence of 1 μM metoclopramide (n = 6; P < 0.05). These results suggested that metoclopramide had an antagonistic effect on human cardiac 5-HT4 receptors. In summary, we showed that metoclopramide, but not domperidone, was a partial agonist at human cardiac 5-HT4-receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Neumann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097, Halle, Germany
| | - Tom Seidler
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097, Halle, Germany
| | - Charlotte Fehse
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097, Halle, Germany
| | - Margaréta Marušáková
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097, Halle, Germany; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Britt Hofmann
- Cardiac Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097, Halle, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gergs
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097, Halle, Germany.
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18
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Godoy-Marín H, Duroux R, Jacobson KA, Soler C, Colino-Lage H, Jiménez-Sábado V, Montiel J, Hove-Madsen L, Ciruela F. Adenosine A 2A Receptors Are Upregulated in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Atrial Fibrillation Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073467. [PMID: 33801676 PMCID: PMC8036820 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common form of cardiac arrhythmia seen in clinical practice. While some clinical parameters may predict the transition from paroxysmal to persistent AF, the molecular mechanisms behind the AF perpetuation are poorly understood. Thus, oxidative stress, calcium overload and inflammation, among others, are believed to be involved in AF-induced atrial remodelling. Interestingly, adenosine and its receptors have also been related to AF development and perpetuation. Here, we investigated the expression of adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) both in right atrium biopsies and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from non-dilated sinus rhythm (ndSR), dilated sinus rhythm (dSR) and AF patients. In addition, plasma adenosine content and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in these subjects were also determined. Our results revealed increased A2AR expression in the right atrium from AF patients, as previously described. Interestingly, increased levels of adenosine content and reduced ADA activity in plasma from AF patients were detected. An increase was observed when A2AR expression was assessed in PBMCs from AF subjects. Importantly, a positive correlation (p = 0.001) between A2AR expression in the right atrium and PBMCs was observed. Overall, these results highlight the importance of the A2AR in AF and suggest that the evaluation of this receptor in PBMCs may be potentially be useful in monitoring disease severity and the efficacy of pharmacological treatments in AF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Godoy-Marín
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
- Neuropharmacology & Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
| | - Romain Duroux
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (R.D.); (K.A.J.)
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (R.D.); (K.A.J.)
| | - Concepció Soler
- Neuropharmacology & Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
- Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Hildegard Colino-Lage
- Barcelona Biomedical Research Institute, IIBB-CSIC, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Veronica Jiménez-Sábado
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBERCV, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Montiel
- Department Cardiac Surgery, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Leif Hove-Madsen
- Barcelona Biomedical Research Institute, IIBB-CSIC, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBERCV, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.H.-M.); (F.C.)
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
- Neuropharmacology & Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
- Correspondence: (L.H.-M.); (F.C.)
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19
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Neumann J, Binter MB, Fehse C, Marušáková M, Büxel ML, Kirchhefer U, Hofmann B, Gergs U. Amitriptyline functionally antagonizes cardiac H 2 histamine receptors in transgenic mice and human atria. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:1251-1262. [PMID: 33625558 PMCID: PMC8208937 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that histamine (2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethanamine) exerted concentration-dependent positive inotropic effects (PIE) or positive chronotropic effects (PCE) on isolated left and right atria, respectively, of transgenic (H2R-TG) mice that overexpress the human H2 histamine receptor (H2R) in the heart; however, the effects were not seen in their wild-type (WT) littermates. Amitriptyline, which is still a highly prescribed antidepressant drug, was reported to act as antagonist on H2Rs. Here, we wanted to determine whether the histamine effects in H2R-TG were antagonized by amitriptyline. Contractile studies were performed on isolated left and right atrial preparations, isolated perfused hearts from H2R-TG and WT mice and human atrial preparations. Amitriptyline shifted the concentration-dependent PIE of histamine (1 nM-10 μM) to higher concentrations (rightward shift) in left atrial preparations from H2R-TG. Similarly, in isolated perfused hearts from H2R-TG and WT mice, histamine increased the contractile parameters and the phosphorylation state of phospholamban (PLB) at serine 16 in the H2R-TG mice, but not in the WT mice. However, the increases in contractility and PLB phosphorylation were attenuated by the addition of amitriptyline in perfused hearts from H2R-TG. In isolated electrically stimulated human atria, the PIE of histamine that was applied in increasing concentrations from 1 nM to 10 μM was reduced by 10-μM amitriptyline. In summary, we present functional evidence that amitriptyline also acts as an antagonist of contractility at H2Rs in H2R-TG mouse hearts and in the human heart which might in part explain the side effects of amitriptyline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Neumann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097, Halle, Germany
| | - Maximilian Benedikt Binter
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097, Halle, Germany
| | - Charlotte Fehse
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097, Halle, Germany
| | - Margaréta Marušáková
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097, Halle, Germany.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Maren Luise Büxel
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097, Halle, Germany
| | - Uwe Kirchhefer
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Domagkstr. 12, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Britt Hofmann
- Cardiac Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gergs
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097, Halle, Germany.
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20
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Boknik P, Eskandar J, Hofmann B, Zimmermann N, Neumann J, Gergs U. Role of Cardiac A 2A Receptors Under Normal and Pathophysiological Conditions. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:627838. [PMID: 33574762 PMCID: PMC7871008 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.627838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review presents an overview of cardiac A2A-adenosine receptors The localization of A2A-AR in the various cell types that encompass the heart and the role they play in force regulation in various mammalian species are depicted. The putative signal transduction systems of A2A-AR in cells in the living heart, as well as the known interactions of A2A-AR with membrane-bound receptors, will be addressed. The possible role that the receptors play in some relevant cardiac pathologies, such as persistent or transient ischemia, hypoxia, sepsis, hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and arrhythmias, will be reviewed. Moreover, the cardiac utility of A2A-AR as therapeutic targets for agonistic and antagonistic drugs will be discussed. Gaps in our knowledge about the cardiac function of A2A-AR and future research needs will be identified and formulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Boknik
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - J. Eskandar
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - B. Hofmann
- Cardiac Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - N. Zimmermann
- Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, Bonn, Germany
| | - J. Neumann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - U. Gergs
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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21
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Effendi WI, Nagano T, Kobayashi K, Nishimura Y. Focusing on Adenosine Receptors as a Potential Targeted Therapy in Human Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:E785. [PMID: 32213945 PMCID: PMC7140859 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is involved in a range of physiological and pathological effects through membrane-bound receptors linked to G proteins. There are four subtypes of adenosine receptors, described as A1AR, A2AAR, A2BAR, and A3AR, which are the center of cAMP signal pathway-based drug development. Several types of agonists, partial agonists or antagonists, and allosteric substances have been synthesized from these receptors as new therapeutic drug candidates. Research efforts surrounding A1AR and A2AAR are perhaps the most enticing because of their concentration and affinity; however, as a consequence of distressing conditions, both A2BAR and A3AR levels might accumulate. This review focuses on the biological features of each adenosine receptor as the basis of ligand production and describes clinical studies of adenosine receptor-associated pharmaceuticals in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiwin Is Effendi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan; (W.I.E.); (K.K.); (Y.N.)
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Medical Faculty of Airlangga University, Surabaya 60131, Indonesia
| | - Tatsuya Nagano
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan; (W.I.E.); (K.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Kazuyuki Kobayashi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan; (W.I.E.); (K.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yoshihiro Nishimura
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan; (W.I.E.); (K.K.); (Y.N.)
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