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Subbarayudu S, Namasivayam SKR, Arockiaraj J. Immunomodulation in Non-traditional Therapies for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Management. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:346. [PMID: 39240286 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03875-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
The rise of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) poses a significant challenge in clinical settings due to its ability to evade conventional antibiotic treatments. This overview explores the potential of immunomodulatory strategies as alternative therapeutic approaches to combat MRSA infections. Traditional antibiotics are becoming less effective, necessitating innovative solutions that harness the body's immune system to enhance pathogen clearance. Recent advancements in immunotherapy, including the use of antimicrobial peptides, phage therapy, and mechanisms of immune cells, demonstrate promise in enhancing the body's ability to clear MRSA infections. However, the exact interactions between these therapies and immunomodulation are not fully understood, underscoring the need for further research. Hence, this review aims to provide a broad overview of the current understanding of non-traditional therapeutics and their impact on immune responses, which could lead to more effective MRSA treatment strategies. Additionally, combining immunomodulatory agents with existing antibiotics may improve outcomes, particularly for immunocompromised patients or those with chronic infections. As the landscape of antibiotic resistance evolves, the development of effective immunotherapeutic strategies could play a vital role in managing MRSA infections and reducing reliance on traditional antibiotics. Future research must focus on optimizing these approaches and validating their efficacy in diverse clinical populations to address the urgent need for effective MRSA management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suthi Subbarayudu
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - S Karthick Raja Namasivayam
- Centre for Applied Research, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India.
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
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Gopikrishnan M, Haryini S, C GPD. Emerging strategies and therapeutic innovations for combating drug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus strains: A comprehensive review. J Basic Microbiol 2024; 64:e2300579. [PMID: 38308076 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, antibiotic therapy has encountered significant challenges due to the rapid emergence of multidrug resistance among bacteria responsible for life-threatening illnesses, creating uncertainty about the future management of infectious diseases. The escalation of antimicrobial resistance in the post-COVID era compared to the pre-COVID era has raised global concern. The prevalence of nosocomial-related infections, especially outbreaks of drug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, have been reported worldwide, with India being a notable hotspot for such occurrences. Various virulence factors and mutations characterize nosocomial infections involving S. aureus. The lack of proper alternative treatments leading to increased drug resistance emphasizes the need to investigate and examine recent research to combat future pandemics. In the current genomics era, the application of advanced technologies such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), machine learning (ML), and quantum computing (QC) for genomic analysis and resistance prediction has significantly increased the pace of diagnosing drug-resistant pathogens and insights into genetic intricacies. Despite prompt diagnosis, the elimination of drug-resistant infections remains unattainable in the absence of effective alternative therapies. Researchers are exploring various alternative therapeutic approaches, including phage therapy, antimicrobial peptides, photodynamic therapy, vaccines, host-directed therapies, and more. The proposed review mainly focuses on the resistance journey of S. aureus over the past decade, detailing its resistance mechanisms, prevalence in the subcontinent, innovations in rapid diagnosis of the drug-resistant strains, including the applicants of NGS and ML application along with QC, it helps to design alternative novel therapeutics approaches against S. aureus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanraj Gopikrishnan
- Department of Integrative Biology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sree Haryini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - George Priya Doss C
- Department of Integrative Biology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Hajimohammadi S, Momtaz H, Tajbakhsh E. Fabrication and antimicrobial properties of novel meropenem-honey encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles against multiresistant and biofilm-forming Staphylococcus aureus as a new antimicrobial agent. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1440. [PMID: 38613443 PMCID: PMC11015535 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Honey exhibits a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ones. Chitosan (Cs) is a mucoadhesive polymer that also has antibacterial properties. Special attention has been paid to the design of polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) as new nano drug delivery systems to overcome bacterial resistance and its problems. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study is to synthesize Cs-meropenem NPs with/without honey as an antibiofilm and antibacterial agent to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus. METHODS This study synthesized meropenem and honey-loaded Cs nanogels and subsequently characterized them by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and DLS-zeta potential. Using the broth microdilution and crystal violet assays, the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of meropenem and honey-loaded Cs nanogel, free meropenem, free honey, and free Cs NPs were investigated in vitro against MRSA strains. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) was also used to test the cytotoxicity of several Cs-NPs compound against the HEK-293 regular cell line. RESULTS The average size of meropenem and honey-Cs-NPs was reported to be 119.885 nm, and encapsulation efficiency was 88.33 ± 0.97 with stability up to 60 days at 4°C. The NPs showed enhanced antibiofilm efficacy against S. aureus at sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of meropenem and honey-encapsulated Cs against the HEK-293 normal cell line was insignificant. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that meropenem and honey-Cs-NPs might be potential antibacterial and antibiofilm materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Hajimohammadi
- Department of MicrobiologyShahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityShahrekordIran
| | - Hassan Momtaz
- Department of MicrobiologyShahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityShahrekordIran
| | - Elahe Tajbakhsh
- Department of MicrobiologyShahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityShahrekordIran
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Aboelnaga N, Elsayed SW, Abdelsalam NA, Salem S, Saif NA, Elsayed M, Ayman S, Nasr M, Elhadidy M. Deciphering the dynamics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation: from molecular signaling to nanotherapeutic advances. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:188. [PMID: 38519959 PMCID: PMC10958940 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01511-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) represents a global threat, necessitating the development of effective solutions to combat this emerging superbug. In response to selective pressures within healthcare, community, and livestock settings, MRSA has evolved increased biofilm formation as a multifaceted virulence and defensive mechanism, enabling the bacterium to thrive in harsh conditions. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms contributing to biofilm formation across its developmental stages, hence representing a step forward in developing promising strategies for impeding or eradicating biofilms. During staphylococcal biofilm development, cell wall-anchored proteins attach bacterial cells to biotic or abiotic surfaces; extracellular polymeric substances build scaffolds for biofilm formation; the cidABC operon controls cell lysis within the biofilm, and proteases facilitate dispersal. Beside the three main sequential stages of biofilm formation (attachment, maturation, and dispersal), this review unveils two unique developmental stages in the biofilm formation process for MRSA; multiplication and exodus. We also highlighted the quorum sensing as a cell-to-cell communication process, allowing distant bacterial cells to adapt to the conditions surrounding the bacterial biofilm. In S. aureus, the quorum sensing process is mediated by autoinducing peptides (AIPs) as signaling molecules, with the accessory gene regulator system playing a pivotal role in orchestrating the production of AIPs and various virulence factors. Several quorum inhibitors showed promising anti-virulence and antibiofilm effects that vary in type and function according to the targeted molecule. Disrupting the biofilm architecture and eradicating sessile bacterial cells are crucial steps to prevent colonization on other surfaces or organs. In this context, nanoparticles emerge as efficient carriers for delivering antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents throughout the biofilm architecture. Although metal-based nanoparticles have been previously used in combatting biofilms, its non-degradability and toxicity within the human body presents a real challenge. Therefore, organic nanoparticles in conjunction with quorum inhibitors have been proposed as a promising strategy against biofilms. As nanotherapeutics continue to gain recognition as an antibiofilm strategy, the development of more antibiofilm nanotherapeutics could offer a promising solution to combat biofilm-mediated resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmeen Aboelnaga
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Salma W Elsayed
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nehal Adel Abdelsalam
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salma Salem
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nehal A Saif
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Manar Elsayed
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shehab Ayman
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maha Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elhadidy
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt.
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt.
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
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Akter Y, Islam MM, Akter MS, Afrin K, Alam MS, Haque P, Bahadur NM. Silver nanoparticle reinforced polylactic acid and gelatin composite films for advanced wound dressing. J Biomater Appl 2024; 38:915-931. [PMID: 38346020 DOI: 10.1177/08853282241233720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Multifunctional and biodegradable dressings with high mechanical strength and good antibacterial activity are crucial in fundamental health services. This study was initiated to prepare a novel curative wound dressing film consisting of natural biodegradable gelatin (G) and polylactic acid (PLA) with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) where glutaraldehyde (GA) was used as compatibilizer. The prepared composite films addressed the poor thermal and biological stability of G and the limited fluid retention capacity of PLA. Silver nanoparticles were prepared by basic chemical reduction and reinforced on polymer films using simple solvent casting, which obviated common clinical infections and accelerated wound closure rate (p < .05). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) studies confirmed composite formation through H-bonding and X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed increased crystallinity due to incorporating AgNPs. Films with G, PLA & GA (50:50:5 by volume) introduced the best elasticity & strength with excellent fluid retention properties (p < .05). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images unfolded surface morphology and presence of agglomerated AgNPs on film surfaces. Prepared films exhibited significant antimicrobial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas sp. and showed excellent cell viability (>97 %) in Vero cell line. Finally, an in vivo mouse model study showed 99.7 % contraction (p < .05) within 12 days, which was most effectual and 12 % faster than conventional gauge bandages. These results demonstrated the promising and cost-effective potential of the prepared film for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeasmin Akter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Md Minhajul Islam
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shamim Akter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Khodeja Afrin
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saiful Alam
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Papia Haque
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Newaz Mohammed Bahadur
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
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Alotaibi B, Elekhnawy E, El-Masry TA, Saleh A, El-Bouseary MM, Alosaimi ME, Alotaibi KN, Abdelkader DH, Negm WA. Green synthetized Cu-Oxide Nanoparticles: Properties and applications for enhancing healing of wounds infected with Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Pharm 2023; 645:123415. [PMID: 37714313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Treating wound infections is a challenging concern in various clinical settings in Egypt, especially in the increasing global problem of resistance to antimicrobials. Here, we aimed to fabricate CuO NPs via green synthesis using aqueous Yucca gigantea extract. Then, the effect of green synthesized CuO NPs on Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates has been studied in vivo and in vitro. The aqueous extract of Yucca gigantea has been employed in our study as a scale-up approach to safely, affordably, sustainably, and practically fabricate copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs). Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and UV-vis spectroscopy were utilized in vitro to describe the bonding features of CuO NPs.Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to detect the morphological and elemental composition of the resulting CuO NPs. The fabrication of CuO NPs was confirmed by the IR spectral band at 515 cm-1, ensuring the metal-oxygen bondCu-O with two strong bands at 229 and 305 nm. SEM and TEM show CuO NPs with a size range from 30 to 50 nm. Cu and O comprised most of the particles produced through green synthesis, with weight percentages of 57.82 and 42.18 %, respectively. CuO NPs were observed to have a Zeta-potential value of -15.7 mV, demonstrating their great stability. CuO NPs revealed antibacterial potential toward the tested isolates with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 128 to 512 µg/mL. CuO NPs had antibiofilm potential by crystal violet assay, downregulating the expression of icaA and icaD genes in 23.07 % and 19.32 of the S. aureus isolates. The wound-healing potential of CuO NPs was investigated in vivo. It significantly decreased the bacterial burden and increased wound healing percentage compared to the positive control group. Moreover, CuO NPs caused an upregulation of the genes encoding platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and fibronectin in tissue repair. Thus, we can use CuO NPs as a future source for wound healing materials, especially in infected wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badriyah Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Engy Elekhnawy
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Thanaa A El-Masry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Maisra M El-Bouseary
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Manal E Alosaimi
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Dalia H Abdelkader
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Walaa A Negm
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
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Budama-Kilinc Y, Gok B, Cetin Aluc C, Kecel-Gunduz S. In vitro and in silico evaluation of the design of nano-phyto-drug candidate for oral use against Staphylococcus aureus. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15523. [PMID: 37309371 PMCID: PMC10257901 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Onopordum acanthium is a medicinal plant with many important properties, such as antibacterial, anticancer, and anti-hypotensive properties. Although various studies reported the biological activities of O. acanthium, there is no study on its nano-phyto-drug formulation. The aim of this study is to develop a candidate nano-drug based on phytotherapeutic constituents and evaluate its efficiency in vitro and in silico. In this context, poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) of O. acanthium extract (OAE) were synthesized and characterized. It was determined that the average particle size of OAE-PLGA-NPs was 214.9 ± 6.77 nm, and the zeta potential was -8.03 ± 0.85 mV, and PdI value was 0.064 ± 0.013. The encapsulation efficiency of OAE-PLGA-NPs was calculated as 91%, and the loading capacity as 75.83%. The in vitro drug release study showed that OAE was released from the PLGA NPs with 99.39% over the 6 days. Furthermore, the mutagenic and cytotoxic activity of free OAE and OAE-PLGA-NPs were evaluated by the Ames test and MTT test, respectively. Although 0.75 and 0.37 mg/mL free OAE concentrations caused both frameshift mutation and base pair substitution (p < 0.05), the administered OAE-PLGA NP concentrations were not mutagenic. It was determined with the MTT analysis that the doses of 0.75 and 1.5 mg/mL of free OAE had a cytotoxic effect on the L929 fibroblast cell line (p < 0.05), and OAE-PLGA-NPs had no cytotoxic effect. Moreover, the interaction between the OAE and S. aureus was also investigated using the molecular docking analysis method. The molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) results were implemented to elucidate the S. aureus MurE inhibition potential of OAE. It was shown that quercetin in the OAE content interacted significantly with the substantial residues in the catalytic pocket of the S. aureus MurE enzyme, and quercetin performed four hydrogen bond interactions corresponding to a low binding energy of -6.77 kcal/mol with catalytic pocket binding residues, which are crucial for the inhibition mechanism of S. aureus MurE. Finally, the bacterial inhibition values of free OAE and OAE-PLGA NPs were determined against S. aureus using a microdilution method. The antibacterial results showed that the inhibition value of the OAE-PLGA NPs was 69%. In conclusion, from the in vitro and in silico results of the nano-sized OAE-PLGA NP formulation produced in this study, it was evaluated that the formulation may be recommended as a safe and effective nano-phyto-drug candidate against S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Budama-Kilinc
- Bioengineering Department, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Health Biotechnology Joint Research and Application Center of Excellence, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahar Gok
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Cetin Aluc
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Abdi Ibrahim Production Facilities, Abdi Ibrahim Pharmaceuticals, Istanbul, Turkey
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Oliva R, Ginestra G, Piperno A, Mazzaglia A, Nostro A, Scala A. Harnessing the power of PLA-PEG Nanoparticles for Linezolid delivery against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Pharm 2023:123067. [PMID: 37257794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study deals with the development of novel poly(lactic acid-co-polyethylene glycol) nanoparticles (PLA-PEG NPs) for the efficient and prolonged delivery of Linezolid (LNZ), a synthetic antibacterial agent used against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). A two-step synthetic strategy based on carbodiimide coupling and copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition was first exploited for the conjugation of PLA with PEG. The encapsulation of LNZ into medium-molecular-weight PLA-PEG NPs was carried out by different methods including nanoprecipitation and dialysis. The optimal PLA-PEG@LNZ nanoformulation resulted in 3.5% LNZ payload (15% encapsulation efficiency, with a 10:3 polymer to drug ratio) and sustained release kinetics with 65% of entrapped antibiotic released within 80 h. Moreover, the zeta potential values (from -31 to -39 mV) indicated a good stability without agglomeration even after freeze-drying and lyophilization. The PLA-PEG@LNZ NPs exerted antimicrobial activity against a panel of Gram-positive bacteria responsible for human infections, such as S. aureus, MRSA, S. epidermidis, S. lugdunensis and vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE). Moreover, PLA-PEG@LNZ NPs showed inhibitory activity on both planktonic growth and preformed biofilm of MRSA. The antibacterial activity of LNZ incorporated in polymeric NPs was well preserved and the nanosystem served as an antibiotic enhancer with a potential role in MRSA-associated infections management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Oliva
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V.le, F.Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Ginestra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V.le, F.Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Anna Piperno
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V.le, F.Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Mazzaglia
- National Council of Research, Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials (CNR-ISMN), URT of Messina c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V.le, F.Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonia Nostro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V.le, F.Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Angela Scala
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V.le, F.Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
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Andrade S, Ramalho MJ, Santos SB, Melo LDR, Santos RS, Guimarães N, Azevedo NF, Loureiro JA, Pereira MC. Fighting Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus with Targeted Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109030. [PMID: 37240376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is considered one of the greatest threats to global health. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains at the core of this threat, accounting for about 90% of S. aureus infections widespread in the community and hospital settings. In recent years, the use of nanoparticles (NPs) has emerged as a promising strategy to treat MRSA infections. NPs can act directly as antibacterial agents via antibiotic-independent activity and/or serve as drug delivery systems (DDSs), releasing loaded antibiotics. Nonetheless, directing NPs to the infection site is fundamental for effective MRSA treatment so that highly concentrated therapeutic agents are delivered to the infection site while directly reducing the toxicity to healthy human cells. This leads to decreased AMR emergence and less disturbance of the individual's healthy microbiota. Hence, this review compiles and discusses the scientific evidence related to targeted NPs developed for MRSA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Andrade
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE-Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria J Ramalho
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE-Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sílvio B Santos
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Luís D R Melo
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Rita S Santos
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE-Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Guimarães
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE-Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno F Azevedo
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE-Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana A Loureiro
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE-Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria C Pereira
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE-Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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10
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El-Sherbiny GM, Kalaba MH, Sharaf MH, Moghannem SA, Radwan AA, Askar AA, Ismail MKA, El-Hawary AS, Abushiba MA. Biogenic synthesis of CuO-NPs as nanotherapeutics approaches to overcome multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MDRSA). ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 50:260-274. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2022.2126492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gamal M. El-Sherbiny
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H. Kalaba
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed H. Sharaf
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Saad A. Moghannem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Radwan
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Askar
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud K. A. Ismail
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmad S. El-Hawary
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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11
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Shi S, Zhang Q, Sun H, Su Z, Dan J, Liang Y, Kang Y, Du T, Sun J, Wang J, Zhang W. Glucose Oxidase-Integrated Metal-Polyphenolic Network as a Microenvironment-Activated Cascade Nanozyme for Hyperglycemic Wound Disinfection. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:5145-5154. [PMID: 36344935 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The high systemic blood glucose concentration of hyperglycemic wound microenvironment (WME) severely impedes the disinfection and healing of infected skin wounds. Herein, a WME-activated smart natural product, integrated GOx-GA-Fe nanozyme (GGFzyme), is engineered, which combines a nanozyme and natural enzyme to promote reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in situ for hyperglycemic wound disinfection. GGFzyme can consume a high concentration of glucose in hyperglycemia wounds and generate H2O2. The conversion of glucose into gluconic acid not avails starvation treatment but reduces the pH of WME to elevate the catalytic activities of both the nanozyme (GA-Fe) and natural enzyme (GOx). And H2O2 is then high efficiently catalyzed into •OH and O2•- in situ to combat pathogenic bacteria and promote wound disinfection. The high catalytic antibacterial capacity and superior biosafety, combined with beneficial WME modulation, demonstrate that GGFzyme is a promising therapeutic agent for hyperglycemic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiuping Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zehui Su
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Dan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanmin Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Kang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ting Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China
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12
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Yeo WWY, Maran S, Kong ASY, Cheng WH, Lim SHE, Loh JY, Lai KS. A Metal-Containing NP Approach to Treat Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): Prospects and Challenges. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15175802. [PMID: 36079184 PMCID: PMC9456709 DOI: 10.3390/ma15175802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important cause of pneumonia in humans, and it is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, especially in immunocompromised patients. Its high rate of multidrug resistance led to an exploration of novel antimicrobials. Metal nanoparticles have shown potent antibacterial activity, thus instigating their application in MRSA. This review summarizes current insights of Metal-Containing NPs in treating MRSA. This review also provides an in-depth appraisal of opportunities and challenges in utilizing metal-NPs to treat MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Wai Yeng Yeo
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Sathiya Maran
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Amanda Shen-Yee Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Wan-Hee Cheng
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Persiaran Perdana BBN, Putra Nilai, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Swee-Hua Erin Lim
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women’s College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi 41012, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jiun-Yan Loh
- Centre of Research for Advanced Aquaculture (COORA), UCSI University, Cheras 56000, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Song Lai
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women’s College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi 41012, United Arab Emirates
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13
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Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Bersama engleriana Fruits Extracts and Their Potential Inhibitory Effect on Resistant Bacteria. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12071010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The absence of novel, safe, and effective bactericide is an urgent concern worldwide and remains a challenge in scientific communities. The unique proprieties of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) synthesized from plant extracts make them a suitable candidate to overcome these limitations. Herein, we synthesized SNPs from Bersama engleriana fruit (BEfr) extracts and determined their potential antibacterial activity and mode of action. SNPs were synthesized from BEfr methanolic fruit extracts at 25 and 70 °C, and the antibacterial effectiveness of SNPs against bacterial strains was investigated. The surface plasmon resonance peaked at 430.18 and 434.08 nm, respectively, for SNPs synthesized at 25 and 70 °C, confirming SNPs synthesis. BEfr-SNPs had minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) range of 0.234 to >50 µg/mL, which was 30-fold greater than extract alone (MIC of 500 µg/mL). BEfr-SNPs-25 °C was potent against six bacterial strains (S. aureus, S. enterica, MRS. aureus, K. pneumonia, and S. pyogenes), with MIC range of 0.339 to 6.25 µg/mL. The mode of action of BEfr-SNPs-25 °C was achieved by an MRSA bacteria strain outer membrane and DNA nucleotide linkage. These results suggest that our synthesized SNPs, especially BEfr-SNPs-25 °C, demonstrated an enhanced antibacterial effect and could be potential candidates for bacterial infection treatment.
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Ndayishimiye J, Kumeria T, Popat A, Falconer JR, Blaskovich MAT. Nanomaterials: The New Antimicrobial Magic Bullet. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:693-712. [PMID: 35343231 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, despite decades of use of numerous existing antibiotics and constant efforts by researchers to discover new antibiotics. The emergence of infections associated with antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, has amplified the pressure to develop additional bactericidal therapies or new unorthodox approaches that can deal with antimicrobial resistance. Nanomaterial-based strategies, particularly those that do not rely on conventional small-molecule antibiotics, offer promise in part due to their ability to dodge existing mechanisms used by drug-resistant bacteria. Therefore, the use of nanomaterial-based formulations has attracted attention in the field of antibiotic therapy. In this Review, we highlight novel and emerging nanomaterial-based formulations along with details about the mechanisms by which nanoparticles can target bacterial infections and antimicrobial resistance. A detailed discussion about types and the activities of nanoparticles is presented, along with how they can be used as either delivery systems or as inherent antimicrobials, or a combination of both. Lastly, we highlight some toxicological concerns for the use of nanoparticles in antibiotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Ndayishimiye
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Tushar Kumeria
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Australian Center for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Amirali Popat
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - James Robert Falconer
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Mark A. T. Blaskovich
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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15
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Strontium- and peptide-modified silicate nanostructures for dual osteogenic and antimicrobial activity. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 135:212735. [PMID: 35929201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Developing multifunctional nanostructures that promote bone repair while fighting infection is highly desirable in bone regenerative therapies. Previous efforts have focused on achieving one property or another by altering the chemical makeup of nanostructures or using growth factors or antibiotics. We present nanostructures with several simultaneous functional attributes including positive effects of strontium on bone formation and prevention of osteoclast differentiation along with incorporation of antimicrobial peptides (AMP) to prevent infection. To form these multifunctional nanostructures, mesoporous calcium silicate (CaMSN) was modified with high levels of strontium. For this, CaMSNs were either partially substituted (20 wt% Ca) or completely replaced with strontium (Sr) to form Sr-CaMSN or SrMSN. The mesoporous nature of these bioactive silicate nanostructures rendered a configuration for substantial AMP loading as well as their effective delivery. The physico-chemical and structural characterization of synthesized MSNs confirmed the mesoporous nature of the synthesized MSNs and their total surface area, pore size, pore volume and SBF-mediated bioactivity remained unaltered with the incorporation of Sr. However, biological evaluation confirmed that synthesized SrMSN upregulated osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells and significantly downregulated osteoclast differentiation. Also, the AMP-loaded MSNs prevented formation and growth of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilms. Thus, high Sr-containing AMP-loaded SrMSNs may combat MRSA-associated infection while promoting bone regeneration. The controlled availability of therapeutic Sr and AMP release as SrMSN degrade enables its potential application in bone tissue regeneration.
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16
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Long Y, Li L, Xu T, Wu X, Gao Y, Huang J, He C, Ma T, Ma L, Cheng C, Zhao C. Hedgehog artificial macrophage with atomic-catalytic centers to combat Drug-resistant bacteria. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6143. [PMID: 34686676 PMCID: PMC8536674 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26456-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic drug-resistant bacteria represent a threat to human health, for instance, the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). There is an ever-growing need to develop non-antibiotic strategies to fight bacteria without triggering drug resistance. Here, we design a hedgehog artificial macrophage with atomic-catalytic centers to combat MRSA by mimicking the “capture and killing” process of macrophages. The experimental studies and theoretical calculations reveal that the synthesized materials can efficiently capture and kill MRSA by the hedgehog topography and substantial generation of •O2− and HClO with its Fe2N6O catalytic centers. The synthesized artificial macrophage exhibits a low minimal inhibition concentration (8 μg/mL Fe-Art M with H2O2 (100 μM)) to combat MRSA and rapidly promote the healing of bacteria-infected wounds on rabbit skin. We suggest that the application of this hedgehog artificial macrophage with “capture and killing” capability and high ROS-catalytic activity will open up a promising pathway to develop antibacterial materials for bionic and non-antibiotic disinfection strategies. The increase in drug-resistant bacteria is a world-wide health issue that demands the development of alternatives to standard antibiotic treatments. In this study, the authors synthesise a hedgehog artificial macrophage with heme-mimetic catalytic centres, and peroxidase- and haloperoxidase-mimicking activities, for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Long
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.,Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 637000, Nanchong, China
| | - Tao Xu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China
| | - Xizheng Wu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Gao
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Textile Institute, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianbo Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao He
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian Ma
- Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Lang Ma
- Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Chong Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China.
| | - Changsheng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China. .,College of Biomedical Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, China. .,College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China.
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17
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Fei Y, Huang Q, Hu Z, Yang X, Yang B, Liu S. Biomimetic Cerium Oxide Loaded Gelatin PCL Nanosystems for Wound Dressing on Cutaneous Care Management of Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Wound Healing. J CLUST SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-020-01866-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Carucci C, Scalas N, Porcheddu A, Piludu M, Monduzzi M, Salis A. Adsorption and Release of Sulfamethizole from Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Functionalised with Triethylenetetramine. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7665. [PMID: 34299286 PMCID: PMC8304341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) were synthesised and functionalised with triethylenetetramine (MSN-TETA). The samples were fully characterised (transmission electron microscopy, small angle X-ray scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, zeta potential and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms) and used as carriers for the adsorption of the antimicrobial drug sulphamethizole (SMZ). SMZ loading, quantified by UV-Vis spectroscopy, was higher on MSN-TETA (345.8 mg g-1) compared with bare MSN (215.4 mg g-1) even in the presence of a lower surface area (671 vs. 942 m2 g-1). The kinetics of SMZ adsorption on MSN and MSN-TETA followed a pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption isotherm is described better by a Langmuir model rather than a Temkin or Freundlich model. Release kinetics showed a burst release of SMZ from bare MSN samples (k1 = 136 h-1) in contrast to a slower release found with MSN-TETA (k1 = 3.04 h-1), suggesting attractive intermolecular interactions slow down SMZ release from MSN-TETA. In summary, the MSN surface area did not influence SMZ adsorption and release. On the contrary, the design of an effective drug delivery system must consider the intermolecular interactions between the adsorbent and the adsorbate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Carucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554 Bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; (C.C.); (N.S.); (A.P.); (M.M.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI), via Della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy;
| | - Nicola Scalas
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554 Bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; (C.C.); (N.S.); (A.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Andrea Porcheddu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554 Bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; (C.C.); (N.S.); (A.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Marco Piludu
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI), via Della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554 Bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Maura Monduzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554 Bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; (C.C.); (N.S.); (A.P.); (M.M.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI), via Della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy;
| | - Andrea Salis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554 Bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; (C.C.); (N.S.); (A.P.); (M.M.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI), via Della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy;
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Cruz-López EA, Rivera G, Cruz-Hernández MA, Martínez-Vázquez AV, Castro-Escarpulli G, Flores-Magallón R, Vázquez K, Cruz-Pulido WL, Bocanegra-García V. Identification and Characterization of the CRISPR/Cas System in Staphylococcus aureus Strains From Diverse Sources. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:656996. [PMID: 34149645 PMCID: PMC8206494 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.656996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR-Cas [clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and the CRISPR-associated genes (Cas)] system provides defense mechanisms in bacteria and archaea vs. mobile genetic elements (MGEs), such as plasmids and bacteriophages, which can either be harmful or add sequences that can provide virulence or antibiotic resistance. Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium that could be the etiological agent of important soft tissue infections that can lead to bacteremia and sepsis. The role of the CRISPR-Cas system in S. aureus is not completely understood since there is a lack of knowledge about it. We analyzed 716 genomes and 1 genomic island from GENOMES-NCBI and ENA-EMBL searching for the CRISPR-Cas systems and their spacer sequences (SSs). Our bioinformatic analysis shows that only 0.83% (6/716) of the analyzed genomes harbored the CRISPR-Cas system, all of them were subtype III-A, which is characterized by the presence of the cas10/csm1 gene. Analysis of SSs showed that 91% (40/44) had no match to annotated MGEs and 9% of SSs corresponded to plasmids and bacteriophages, indicating that those phages had infected those S. aureus strains. Some of those phages have been proposed as an alternative therapy in biofilm-forming or infection with S. aureus strains, but these findings indicate that such antibiotic phage strategy would be ineffective. More research about the CRISPR/Cas system is necessary for a bigger number of S. aureus strains from different sources, so additional features can be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Adrian Cruz-López
- Laboratorio Interacción Ambiente-Microorganismo, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | - Gildardo Rivera
- Laboratorio Interacción Ambiente-Microorganismo, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | - María Antonia Cruz-Hernández
- Laboratorio Interacción Ambiente-Microorganismo, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | - Ana Verónica Martínez-Vázquez
- Laboratorio Interacción Ambiente-Microorganismo, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | - Graciela Castro-Escarpulli
- Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica y Ambiental, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rebeca Flores-Magallón
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación Para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Unidad Michoacán, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Jiquilpan, Mexico
| | - Karina Vázquez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | | | - Virgilio Bocanegra-García
- Laboratorio Interacción Ambiente-Microorganismo, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Tamaulipas, Mexico
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Mat Rani NNI, Mustafa Hussein Z, Mustapa F, Azhari H, Sekar M, Chen XY, Mohd Amin MCI. Exploring the possible targeting strategies of liposomes against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 165:84-105. [PMID: 33974973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multi antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections are on the rise due to the overuse of antibiotics. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the pathogens listed under the category of serious threats where vancomycin remains the mainstay treatment despite the availability of various antibacterial agents. Recently, decreased susceptibility to vancomycin from clinical isolates of MRSA has been reported and has drawn worldwide attention as it is often difficult to overcome and leads to increased medical costs, mortality, and longer hospital stays. Development of antibiotic delivery systems is often necessary to improve bioavailability and biodistribution, in order to reduce antibiotic resistance and increase the lifespan of antibiotics. Liposome entrapment has been used as a method to allow higher drug dosing apart from reducing toxicity associated with drugs. The surface of the liposomes can also be designed and enhanced with drug-release properties, active targeting, and stealth effects to prevent recognition by the mononuclear phagocyte system, thus enhancing its circulation time. The present review aimed to highlight the possible targeting strategies of liposomes against MRSA bacteremia systemically while investigating the magnitude of this effect on the minimum inhibitory concentration level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Najihah Izzati Mat Rani
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, 30450 Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Zahraa Mustafa Hussein
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fahimi Mustapa
- Hospital Batu Gajah Jalan Changkat, 31000 Batu Gajah, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Hanisah Azhari
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, 30450 Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Xiang Yi Chen
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Cairul Iqbal Mohd Amin
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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21
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Ermini ML, Voliani V. Antimicrobial Nano-Agents: The Copper Age. ACS NANO 2021; 15:6008-6029. [PMID: 33792292 PMCID: PMC8155324 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The constant advent of major health threats such as antibacterial resistance or highly communicable viruses, together with a declining antimicrobial discovery, urgently requires the exploration of innovative therapeutic approaches. Nowadays, strategies based on metal nanoparticle technology have demonstrated interesting outcomes due to their intrinsic features. In this scenario, there is an emerging and growing interest in copper-based nanoparticles (CuNPs). Indeed, in their pure metallic form, as oxides, or in combination with sulfur, CuNPs have peculiar behaviors that result in effective antimicrobial activity associated with the stimulation of essential body functions. Here, we present a critical review on the state of the art regarding the in vitro and in vivo evaluations of the antimicrobial activity of CuNPs together with absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) assessments. Considering the potentiality of CuNPs in antimicrobial treatments, within this Review we encounter the need to summarize the behaviors of CuNPs and provide the expected perspectives on their contributions to infectious and communicable disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Ermini
- Center for Nanotechnology
Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro, 12-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valerio Voliani
- Center for Nanotechnology
Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro, 12-56126 Pisa, Italy
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Gkartziou F, Giormezis N, Spiliopoulou I, Antimisiaris SG. Nanobiosystems for Antimicrobial Drug-Resistant Infections. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11051075. [PMID: 33922004 PMCID: PMC8143556 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide increased bacterial resistance toward antimicrobial therapeutics has led investigators to search for new therapeutic options. Some of the options currently exploited to treat drug-resistant infections include drug-associated nanosystems. Additionally, the use of bacteriophages alone or in combination with drugs has been recently revisited; some studies utilizing nanosystems for bacteriophage delivery have been already reported. In this review article, we focus on nine pathogens that are the leading antimicrobial drug-resistant organisms, causing difficult-to-treat infections. For each organism, the bacteriophages and nanosystems developed or used in the last 20 years as potential treatments of pathogen-related infections are discussed. Summarizing conclusions and future perspectives related with the potential of such nano-antimicrobials for the treatment of persistent infections are finally highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foteini Gkartziou
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, FORTH/ICES, Platani, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos Giormezis
- National Reference Centre for Staphylococci, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Iris Spiliopoulou
- National Reference Centre for Staphylococci, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Correspondence: (I.S.); (S.G.A.)
| | - Sophia G. Antimisiaris
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, FORTH/ICES, Platani, 26504 Patras, Greece;
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Correspondence: (I.S.); (S.G.A.)
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23
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Liang F, Guan H, Li W, Zhang X, Liu T, Liu Y, Mei J, Jiang C, Zhang F, Luo B, Zhang Z. Erythropoietin Promotes Infection Resolution and Lowers Antibiotic Requirements in E. coli- and S. aureus-Initiated Infections. Front Immunol 2021; 12:658715. [PMID: 33927725 PMCID: PMC8076604 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.658715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous mechanisms underlying bacterial infection resolution are essential for the development of novel therapies for the treatment of inflammation caused by infection without unwanted side effects. Herein, we found that erythropoietin (EPO) promoted the resolution and enhanced antibiotic actions in Escherichia coli (E. coli)- and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)-initiated infections. Levels of peritoneal EPO and macrophage erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) were elevated in self-limited E. coli-initiated peritonitis. Myeloid-specific EPOR-deficient mice exhibited an impaired inflammatory resolution and exogenous EPO enhanced this resolution in self-limited infections. Mechanistically, EPO increased macrophage clearance of bacteria via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)-induced CD36. Moreover, EPO ameliorated inflammation and increased the actions of ciprofloxacin and vancomycin in resolution-delayed E. coli- and S. aureus-initiated infections. Collectively, macrophage EPO signaling is temporally induced during infections. EPO is anti-phlogistic, increases engulfment, promotes infection resolution, and lowers antibiotic requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihong Liang
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiting Guan
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Li
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Institute of Immunology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Immunology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Mei
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengxue Zhang
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bangwei Luo
- Institute of Immunology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiren Zhang
- Institute of Immunology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Rowe SE, Beam JE, Conlon BP. Recalcitrant Staphylococcus aureus Infections: Obstacles and Solutions. Infect Immun 2021; 89:e00694-20. [PMID: 33526569 PMCID: PMC8090968 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00694-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic treatment failure of Staphylococcus aureus infections is very common. In addition to genetically encoded mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, numerous additional factors limit the efficacy of antibiotics in vivo Identifying and removing the barriers to antibiotic efficacy are of major importance, as even if new antibiotics become available, they will likely face the same barriers to efficacy as their predecessors. One major obstacle to antibiotic efficacy is the proficiency of S. aureus to enter a physiological state that is incompatible with antibiotic killing. Multiple pathways leading to antibiotic tolerance and the formation of tolerant subpopulations called persister cells have been described for S. aureus Additionally, S. aureus is a versatile pathogen that can infect numerous tissues and invade a variety of cell types, of which some are poorly penetrable to antibiotics. It is therefore unlikely that there will be a single solution to the problem of recalcitrant S. aureus infection. Instead, specific approaches may be required for targeting tolerant cells within different niches, be it through direct targeting of persister cells, sensitization of persisters to conventional antibiotics, improved penetration of antibiotics to particular niches, or any combination thereof. Here, we examine two well-described reservoirs of antibiotic-tolerant S. aureus, the biofilm and the macrophage, the barriers these environments present to antibiotic efficacy, and potential solutions to the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Rowe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jenna E Beam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brian P Conlon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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25
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Naskar A, Lee S, Kim KS. Au-ZnO Conjugated Black Phosphorus as a Near-Infrared Light-Triggering and Recurrence-Suppressing Nanoantibiotic Platform against Staphylococcus aureus. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:52. [PMID: 33401709 PMCID: PMC7823710 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic therapy is the gold standard for bacterial infections treatment. However, the rapid increase in multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections and its recent use for secondary bacterial infections in many COVID-19 patients has considerably weakened its treatment efficacy. These shortcomings motivated researchers to develop new antibacterial materials, such as nanoparticle-based antibacterial platform with the ability to increase the chances of killing MDR strains and prevent their drug resistance. Herein, we report a new black phosphorus (BP)-based non-damaging near-infrared light-responsive platform conjugated with ZnO and Au nanoparticles as a synergistic antibacterial agent against Staphylococcus aureus species. First, BP nanosheets containing Au nanoparticles were assembled in situ with the ZnO nanoparticles prepared by a low-temperature solution synthesis method. Subsequently, the antibacterial activities of the resulting Au-ZnO-BP nanocomposite against the non-resistant, methicillin-resistant, and erythromycin-resistant S. aureus species were determined, after its photothermal efficacy was assessed. The synthesized nanocomposite exhibited excellent anti-S. aureus activity and good photothermal characteristics. The non-resistant S. aureus species did not produce drug-resistant bacteria after the treatment of multiple consecutive passages under the pressure of the proposed nanoantibiotic, but rapidly developed resistance to erythromycin. This work clearly demonstrates the excellent photothermal antibacterial properties of Au-ZnO-BP nanocomposite against the MDR S. aureus species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kwang-sun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (A.N.); (S.L.)
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Hassanen EI, Ragab E. In Vivo and In Vitro Assessments of the Antibacterial Potential of Chitosan-Silver Nanocomposite Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Infection in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:244-257. [PMID: 32306284 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02143-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most threatening multidrug-resistant bacteria worldwide. Owing to their efficient antimicrobial properties, nanoparticles have been widely used as an alternative approach for combating the antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Consequently, this study was designed to compare in between the bactericidal effect of low doses (5 mg/kg bwt) of nanoparticles of chitosan (Ch-NPs), silver (Ag-NPs), and chitosan-silver nanocomposites (Ch-Ag NCs) both in vitro and in vivo against experimentally chronic infection induced by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The three forms of nanoparticles were tested for their in vitro antimicrobial potential against MRSA by detection of MICs and MBCs using microdilution method. In vivo, thirty-five male albino Wistar rats were used and divided into five groups (n = 7). Group l (negative control), group 2 (MRSA infected and untreated), groups 3, 4, and 5 (MRSA infected then treated with Ch-NPs, Ag-NPs, and Ch-Ag NCs respectively for 7 days). After 6 weeks, blood samples were collected then rats were euthanized to collect different organs (liver, spleen, lungs, and kidneys). Some of them were kept in 10% formalin for histopathological investigations while others used for bacterial re-isolation. Ch-Ag NCs showed the lowest MIC and MBC among the tested nanoparticles. Moreover, the highest histopathological scoring was observed in the infected and untreated group while the lowest scoring was detected in groups treated with Ch-Ag NCs in comparison with the negative control group. The highest bacterial count was noticed in the infected and untreated group followed by those treated with Ch-NPs while the lowest count was observed in group treated with Ch-Ag NCs. Depending on these results, it can be concluded that Ch-Ag NCs have a strong bactericidal effect against MRSA and may be used as alternative option to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman I Hassanen
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, PO Box 12211, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman Ragab
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, PO Box 12211, Giza, Egypt.
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27
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El-Aassar MR, Ibrahim OM, Fouda MMG, Fakhry H, Ajarem J, Maodaa SN, Allam AA, Hafez EE. Wound dressing of chitosan-based-crosslinked gelatin/ polyvinyl pyrrolidone embedded silver nanoparticles, for targeting multidrug resistance microbes. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 255:117484. [PMID: 33436244 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Wound dressing composed of chitosan, based crosslinked gelatin/ polyvinyl pyrrolidone, embedded silver nanoparticles were fabricated using solution casting method. The membrane was characterized by FTIR, SEM and TGA. Glutaraldehyde (0.5 %) was used for the crosslinking of membrane components and associated with 7-folds boosted mechanical performance, 28 % more hydrolytic stability, 3-folds thickness reduction and morphological roughness. Silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-vis, XRD and TEM for an average size of 9.9 nm. The membrane with higher concentration of silver nanoparticles showed maximum antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria; and the measured inhibition zones ranged from 1.5 to 3 cm. The activity of the particles ranged from severe to complete reduction in Penicillin, Erythromycin and Macrolide family's resistance genes expression such as β-Lactamase, mecA and erm. This developed membrane can serve as promising and cost-effective system against severe diabetic and burn wound infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R El-Aassar
- Polymer Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Material Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria 21934, Egypt.
| | - Omar M Ibrahim
- Polymer Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Material Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria 21934, Egypt; Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Moustafa M G Fouda
- Pre-Treatment and Finishing of Cellulosic Fabric Department, Textile Industries Research Division, National Research Center, 33 El- Behooth St, Dokki, Giza, 12311, Egypt.
| | - Hala Fakhry
- Polymer Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Material Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Jamaan Ajarem
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh N Maodaa
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Allam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-suef University, Beni-suef, 65211 Egypt
| | - Elsayed E Hafez
- Department of Plant Protection and Bimolecular Diagnosis, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab City, Universities and Research Institutes District, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
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Synergistic Antifungal Activity of Chitosan with Fluconazole against Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Fluconazole-Resistant Strains. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215114. [PMID: 33153228 PMCID: PMC7663520 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Few antifungal drugs are currently available, and drug-resistant strains have rapidly emerged. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the antifungal activity from a combinational treatment of chitosan with a clinical antifungal drug on Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. (2) Methods: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests, checkerboard assays, and disc assays were employed to determine the inhibitory effect of chitosan with or without other antifungal drugs on C. albicans and C. tropicalis. (3) Results: Treatment with chitosan in combination with fluconazole showed a great synergistic fungicidal effect against C. albicans and C. tropicalis, but an indifferent effect on antifungal activity when challenged with chitosan-amphotericin B or chitosan-caspofungin simultaneously. Furthermore, the combination of chitosan and fluconazole was effective against drug-resistant strains. (4) Conclusions: These findings provide strong evidence that chitosan in combination with fluconazole is a promising therapy against two Candida species and its drug-resistant strains.
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29
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Fabrication of silver nanoparticles employing the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis and its bactericidal effect against opportunistic nosocomial pathogens of the respiratory tract. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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30
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Walduck A, Sangwan P, Vo QA, Ratcliffe J, White J, Muir BW, Tran N. Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus skin infection in vivo using rifampicin loaded lipid nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2020; 10:33608-33619. [PMID: 35515067 PMCID: PMC9056717 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06120d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported on a novel nanoparticle formulation that was effective at killing Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. Here, we report for the first time, the antibacterial effects of a lipidic nano-carrier containing rifampicin (NanoRIF) which can be used to successfully treat Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infection at a reduced antibiotic dosage compared to the free drug in a skin wound model in mice. The formulation used contains the lipid monoolein, a cationic lipid N-[1-(2,3-dioleoyloxy)propyl]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium methyl-sulfate (DOTAP) and the antibiotic. We have shown that rifampicin-loaded nanoparticles are more effective at treating infection in the skin wound model than the antibiotic alone. Cryo-TEM was used to capture for the first time, interactions of the formed nanoparticles with the cell wall of an individual bacterium. Our data strongly indicate enhanced binding of these charged nanoparticles with the negatively charged bacterial membrane. The efficacy we have now observed in vivo is of significant importance for the continued development of nanomedicine-based strategies to combat antibiotic resistant bacterial skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Walduck
- School of Science, RMIT University 124 La Trobe Street Melbourne 3000 Victoria Australia
| | - Parveen Sangwan
- CSIRO Manufacturing Bag 10 Clayton South 3169 Victoria Australia
| | - Quynh Anh Vo
- CSIRO Manufacturing Bag 10 Clayton South 3169 Victoria Australia
- Chimie Paris Tech Paris France
| | - Julian Ratcliffe
- CSIRO Manufacturing Bag 10 Clayton South 3169 Victoria Australia
| | - Jacinta White
- CSIRO Manufacturing Bag 10 Clayton South 3169 Victoria Australia
| | - Benjamin W Muir
- CSIRO Manufacturing Bag 10 Clayton South 3169 Victoria Australia
| | - Nhiem Tran
- School of Science, RMIT University 124 La Trobe Street Melbourne 3000 Victoria Australia
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Fathi HA, Abdelkader A, AbdelKarim MS, Abdelaziz AA, El-Mokhtar MA, Allam A, Fetih G, El Badry M, Elsabahy M. Electrospun vancomycin-loaded nanofibers for management of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-induced skin infections. Int J Pharm 2020; 586:119620. [PMID: 32652179 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Skin damage exposes the underlying layers to bacterial invasion, leading to skin and soft tissue infections. Several pathogens have developed resistance against conventional topical antimicrobial treatments and rendered them less effective. Recently, several nanomedical strategies have emerged as a potential approach to improve therapeutic outcomes of treating bacterial skin infections. In the current study, nanofibers were utilized for topical delivery of the antimicrobial drug vancomycin and evaluated as a promising tool for treatment of topical skin infections. Vancomycin-loaded nanofibers were prepared via electrospinning technique, and vancomycin-loaded nanofibers of the optimal composition exhibited nanosized uniform smooth fibers (ca. 200 nm diameter), high drug entrapment efficiency and sustained drug release patterns over 48 h. In vitro cytotoxicity assays, using several cell lines, revealed the biocompatibility of the drug-loaded nanofibers. In vitro antibacterial studies showed sustained antibacterial activity of the vancomycin-loaded nanofibers against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), in comparison to the free drug. The nanofibers were then tested in animal model of superficial MRSA skin infection and demonstrated a superior antibacterial efficiency, as compared to animals treated with the free vancomycin solution. Hence, nanofibers might provide an efficient nanodevice to overcome MRSA-induced skin infections and a promising topical delivery vehicle for antimicrobial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A Fathi
- Assiut International Center of Nanomedicine, Al-Rajhy Liver Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Ayat Abdelkader
- Assiut International Center of Nanomedicine, Al-Rajhy Liver Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S AbdelKarim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Abdelaziz
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Mokhtar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Ayat Allam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Gihan Fetih
- Assiut International Center of Nanomedicine, Al-Rajhy Liver Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud El Badry
- Assiut International Center of Nanomedicine, Al-Rajhy Liver Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Elsabahy
- Assiut International Center of Nanomedicine, Al-Rajhy Liver Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt; Science Academy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt.
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32
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Multi-functionalized nanocarriers targeting bacterial reservoirs to overcome challenges of multi drug-resistance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 28:319-332. [PMID: 32193748 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-020-00337-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infectious diseases associated with intracellular bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium and Mycobacterium tuberculosis are important public health concern. Emergence of multi and extensively drug-resistant bacterial strains have made it even more obstinate to offset such infections. Bacteria residing within intracellular compartments provide additional barriers to effective treatment. METHOD Information provided in this review has been collected by accessing various electronic databases including Google scholar, Web of science, Scopus, and Nature index. Search was performed using keywords nanoparticles, intracellular targeting, multidrug resistance, Staphylococcus aureus; Salmonella typhimurium; Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Information gathered was categorized into three major sections as 'Intracellular targeting of Staphylococcus aureus, Intracellular targeting of Salmonella typhimurium and Intracellular targeting of Mycobacterium tuberculosis' using variety of nanocarrier systems. RESULTS Conventional management for infectious diseases typically comprises of long-term treatment with a combination of antibiotics, which may lead to side effects and decreased patient compliance. A wide range of multi-functionalized nanocarrier systems have been studied for delivery of drugs within cellular compartments where bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium and Mycobacterium tuberculosis reside. Such carrier systems along with targeted delivery have been utilized for sustained and controlled delivery of drugs. These strategies have been found useful in overcoming the drawbacks of conventional treatments including multi-drug resistance. CONCLUSION Development of multi-functional nanocargoes encapsulating antibiotics that are proficient in targeting and releasing drug into infected reservoirs seems to be a promising strategy to circumvent the challenge of multidrug resistance. Graphical abstract.
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Investigations of antiproliferative and antioxidant activity of β-lactam morpholino-1,3,5-triazine hybrids. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115408. [PMID: 32165076 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This article reports for the first time the synthesis of some novel β-lactam morpholino-1,3,5-triazine hybrids by a [2+2]-cycloaddition reaction of imines 7a-c, 9a-c and 11 with ketenes derived from substituted acetic acids. The reaction was totally diastereoselective, leading exclusively to the formation of cis-β-lactams 8a-l, 10a-f and 12a-c. The synthesized compounds were tested for activity towards SW1116, MCF-7 and HepG2 cancer cell lines and non-cancerous HEK-293 cell line by MTT assay. None of the compounds exert an observable effect on HepG2, MCF-7 and HEK-293 cells, but compounds 7b, 8f, 8g, 8l, 10c, and 10e exhibited excellent growth inhibitory activity (IC50 < 5 µM) against SW 1116 cells, comparable to that of doxorubicin (IC50 = 6.9 µM). An evaluation of the antioxidant potential of each of the compounds, performed by diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, indicated that 7b, 9a, 9b and 9c have strong free radical scavenging activity. UV absorption titration studies reveal that 7b, 8l, 8g and 8f interact strongly with calf-thymus DNA (CT-DNA) in the order of 8l > 7b > 8f > 8g. Collectively, the in vitro capabilities of some of these morpholino-triazine imines and β-lactams suggest possible applications to development of new antioxidants and DNA binding therapeutics.
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