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Khramtsov YV, Ulasov AV, Slastnikova TA, Rosenkranz AA, Lupanova TN, Georgiev GP, Sobolev AS. Modular Nanotransporters Delivering Biologically Active Molecules to the Surface of Mitochondria. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2687. [PMID: 38140028 PMCID: PMC10748074 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of various diseases, in particular cancer, usually requires the targeting of biologically active molecules at a selected subcellular compartment. We modified our previously developed modular nanotransporters (MNTs) for targeting mitochondria. The new MNTs are capable of binding to the protein predominantly localized on the outer mitochondrial membrane, Keap1. These MNTs possessing antiKeap1 monobody co-localize with mitochondria upon addition to the cells. They efficiently interact with Keap1 both in solution and within living cells. A conjugate of the MNT with a photosensitizer, chlorin e6, demonstrated significantly higher photocytotoxicity than chlorin e6 alone. We assume that MNTs of this kind can improve efficiency of therapeutic photosensitizers and radionuclides emitting short-range particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri V. Khramtsov
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia; (Y.V.K.); (A.V.U.); (T.A.S.); (A.A.R.); (T.N.L.); (G.P.G.)
| | - Alexey V. Ulasov
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia; (Y.V.K.); (A.V.U.); (T.A.S.); (A.A.R.); (T.N.L.); (G.P.G.)
| | - Tatiana A. Slastnikova
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia; (Y.V.K.); (A.V.U.); (T.A.S.); (A.A.R.); (T.N.L.); (G.P.G.)
| | - Andrey A. Rosenkranz
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia; (Y.V.K.); (A.V.U.); (T.A.S.); (A.A.R.); (T.N.L.); (G.P.G.)
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory St., 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana N. Lupanova
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia; (Y.V.K.); (A.V.U.); (T.A.S.); (A.A.R.); (T.N.L.); (G.P.G.)
| | - Georgii P. Georgiev
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia; (Y.V.K.); (A.V.U.); (T.A.S.); (A.A.R.); (T.N.L.); (G.P.G.)
| | - Alexander S. Sobolev
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia; (Y.V.K.); (A.V.U.); (T.A.S.); (A.A.R.); (T.N.L.); (G.P.G.)
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory St., 119234 Moscow, Russia
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Rosenkranz AA, Slastnikova TA. Prospects of Using Protein Engineering for Selective Drug Delivery into a Specific Compartment of Target Cells. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030987. [PMID: 36986848 PMCID: PMC10055131 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of proteins are successfully used to treat various diseases. These include natural polypeptide hormones, their synthetic analogues, antibodies, antibody mimetics, enzymes, and other drugs based on them. Many of them are demanded in clinical settings and commercially successful, mainly for cancer treatment. The targets for most of the aforementioned drugs are located at the cell surface. Meanwhile, the vast majority of therapeutic targets, which are usually regulatory macromolecules, are located inside the cell. Traditional low molecular weight drugs freely penetrate all cells, causing side effects in non-target cells. In addition, it is often difficult to elaborate a small molecule that can specifically affect protein interactions. Modern technologies make it possible to obtain proteins capable of interacting with almost any target. However, proteins, like other macromolecules, cannot, as a rule, freely penetrate into the desired cellular compartment. Recent studies allow us to design multifunctional proteins that solve these problems. This review considers the scope of application of such artificial constructs for the targeted delivery of both protein-based and traditional low molecular weight drugs, the obstacles met on the way of their transport to the specified intracellular compartment of the target cells after their systemic bloodstream administration, and the means to overcome those difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Rosenkranz
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory St., 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana A Slastnikova
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia
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3
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Khramtsov YV, Ulasov AV, Rosenkranz AA, Slastnikova TA, Lupanova TN, Georgiev GP, Sobolev AS. An Approach to Evaluate the Effective Cytoplasmic Concentration of Bioactive Agents Interacting with a Selected Intracellular Target Protein. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020324. [PMID: 36839653 PMCID: PMC9965106 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
To compare the effectiveness of various bioactive agents reversibly acting within a cell on a target intracellular macromolecule, it is necessary to assess effective cytoplasmic concentrations of the delivered bioactive agents. In this work, based on a simple equilibrium model and the cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), an approach is proposed to assess effective concentrations of both a delivered bioactive agent and a target protein. This approach was tested by evaluating the average concentrations of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Kelch-like ECH-associated-protein 1 (Keap1) proteins in the cytoplasm for five different cell lines (Hepa1, MEF, RAW264.7, 3LL, and AML12) and comparing the results with known literature data. The proposed approach makes it possible to analyze both binary interactions and ternary competition systems; thus, it can have a wide application for the analysis of protein-protein or molecule-protein interactions in the cell. The concentrations of Nrf2 and Keap1 in the cell can be useful not only in analyzing the conditions for the activation of the Nrf2 system, but also for comparing the effectiveness of various drug delivery systems, where the delivered molecule is able to interact with Keap1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri V. Khramtsov
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Ulasov
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Rosenkranz
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory St., 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana A. Slastnikova
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana N. Lupanova
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgii P. Georgiev
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S. Sobolev
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory St., 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Rosenkranz AA, Slastnikova TA, Durymanov MO, Georgiev GP, Sobolev AS. Exploiting active nuclear import for efficient delivery of Auger electron emitters into the cell nucleus. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:28-38. [PMID: 32856963 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1815889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most attractive features of Auger electrons (AEs) in cancer therapy are their extremely short range and sufficiently high linear energy transfer (LET) for a majority of them. The cytotoxic effects of AE emitters can be realized only in close vicinity to sensitive cellular targets and they are negligible if the emitters are located outside the cell. The nucleus is considered the compartment most sensitive to high LET particles. Therefore, the use of AE emitters could be most useful in specific recognition of a cancer cell and delivery of AE emitters into its nucleus. PURPOSE This review describes the studies aimed at developing effective anticancer agents for the delivery of AE emitters to the nuclei of target cancer cells. The use of peptide-based conjugates, nanoparticles, recombinant proteins, and other constructs for AE emitter targeted intranuclear delivery as well as their advantages and limitations are discussed. CONCLUSION Transport from the cytoplasm to the nucleus along with binding to the cancer cell is one of the key stages in the delivery of AE emitters; therefore, several constructs for exploitation of this transport have been developed. The transport is carried out through a nuclear pore complex (NPC) with the use of specific amino acid nuclear localization sequences (NLS) and carrier proteins named importins, which are located in the cytosol. Therefore, the effectiveness of NLS-containing delivery constructs designed to provide energy-dependent transport of AE emitter into the nuclei of cancer cells also depends on their efficient entry into the cytosol of the target cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Rosenkranz
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Alexander S Sobolev
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Mouse Syngeneic Melanoma Model with Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112448. [PMID: 36432639 PMCID: PMC9697344 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting agents for the treatment of malignant melanoma requires cheap and easy animal tumor models for high-throughput in vivo screening. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop mouse syngeneic melanoma model that expresses human EGFR. Cloudman S91 clone M3 mouse melanoma cells were transduced with lentiviral particles carrying the human EGFR gene followed by a multistep selection process. The resulting M3-EGFR has been tested for EGFR expression and functionality in vitro and in vivo. Radioligand assay confirmed the presence of 13,900 ± 1500 EGF binding sites per cell at a dissociation constant of 5.3 ± 1.4 nM. M3-EGFR demonstrated the ability to bind and internalize specifically and provide the anticipated intracellular nuclear import of three different EGFR-targeted modular nanotransporters designed for specific anti-cancer drug delivery. Introduction of the human EGFR gene did not alter the tumorigenicity of the offspring M3-EGFR cells in host immunocompetent DBA/2J mice. Preservation of the expression of EGFR in vivo was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. To sum up, we successfully developed the first mouse syngeneic melanoma model with preserved in vivo expression of human EGFR.
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Costa IM, Cheng J, Osytek KM, Imberti C, Terry SYA. Methods and techniques for in vitro subcellular localization of radiopharmaceuticals and radionuclides. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 98-99:18-29. [PMID: 33964707 PMCID: PMC7610823 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In oncology, the holy grail of radiotherapy is specific radiation dose deposition in tumours with minimal healthy tissue toxicity. If used appropriately, injectable, systemic radionuclide therapies could meet these criteria, even for treatment of micrometastases and single circulating tumour cells. The clinical use of α and β- particle-emitting molecular radionuclide therapies is rising, however clinical translation of Auger electron-emitting radionuclides is hampered by uncertainty around their exact subcellular localisation, which in turn affects the accuracy of dosimetry. This review aims to discuss and compare the advantages and disadvantages of various subcellular localisation methods available to localise radiopharmaceuticals and radionuclides for in vitro investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines M Costa
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Jordan Cheng
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Katarzyna M Osytek
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Cinzia Imberti
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Samantha Y A Terry
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.
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Idrissou MB, Pichard A, Tee B, Kibedi T, Poty S, Pouget JP. Targeted Radionuclide Therapy Using Auger Electron Emitters: The Quest for the Right Vector and the Right Radionuclide. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13070980. [PMID: 34209637 PMCID: PMC8309076 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Auger electron emitters (AEEs) are attractive tools in targeted radionuclide therapy to specifically irradiate tumour cells while sparing healthy tissues. However, because of their short range, AEEs need to be brought close to sensitive targets, particularly nuclear DNA, and to a lower extent, cell membrane. Therefore, radioimmunoconjugates (RIC) have been developed for specific tumour cell targeting and transportation to the nucleus. Herein, we assessed, in A-431CEA-luc and SK-OV-31B9 cancer cells that express low and high levels of HER2 receptors, two 111In-RIC consisting of the anti-HER2 antibody trastuzumab conjugated to NLS or TAT peptides for nuclear delivery. We found that NLS and TAT peptides improved the nuclear uptake of 111In-trastuzumab conjugates, but this effect was limited and non-specific. Moreover, it did not result in a drastic decrease of clonogenic survival. Indium-111 also contributed to non-specific cytotoxicity in vitro due to conversion electrons (30% of the cell killing). Comparison with [125I]I-UdR showed that the energy released in the cell nucleus by increasing the RIC’s nuclear uptake or by choosing an AEE that releases more energy per decay should be 5 to 10 times higher to observe a significant therapeutic effect. Therefore, new Auger-based radiopharmaceuticals need to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malick Bio Idrissou
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France; (M.B.I.); (A.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Alexandre Pichard
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France; (M.B.I.); (A.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Bryan Tee
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (B.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Tibor Kibedi
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (B.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Sophie Poty
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France; (M.B.I.); (A.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Jean-Pierre Pouget
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France; (M.B.I.); (A.P.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Rosenkranz AA, Slastnikova TA. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor: Key to Selective Intracellular Delivery. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 85:967-1092. [PMID: 33050847 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920090011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an integral surface protein mediating cellular response to a number of growth factors. Its overexpression and increased activation due to mutations is one of the most common traits of many types of cancer. Development and clinical use of the agents, which block EGFR activation, became a prime example of the personalized targeted medicine. However, despite the obvious success in this area, cancer cure remains unattainable in most cases. Because of that, as well as the result of the search for possible ways to overcome the difficulties of treatment, a huge number of new treatment methods relying on the use of EGFR overexpression and its changes to destroy cancer cells. Modern data on the structure, functioning, and intracellular transport of EGFR, its natural ligands, as well as signaling cascades triggered by the EGFR activation, peculiarities of the EGFR expression and activation in oncological disorders, as well as applied therapeutic approaches aimed at blocking EGFR signaling pathway are summarized and analyzed in this review. Approaches to the targeted delivery of various chemotherapeutic agents, radionuclides, immunotoxins, photosensitizers, as well as the prospects for gene therapy aimed at cancer cells with EGFR overexpression are reviewed in detail. It should be noted that increasing attention is being paid nowadays to the development of multifunctional systems, either carrying several different active agents, or possessing several environment-dependent transport functions. Potentials of the systems based on receptor-mediated endocytosis of EGFR and their possible advantages and limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Rosenkranz
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia. .,Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - T A Slastnikova
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
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Khramtsov YV, Vlasova AD, Vlasov AV, Rosenkranz AA, Ulasov AV, Ryzhykau YL, Kuklin AI, Orekhov AS, Eydlin IB, Georgiev GP, Gordeliy VI, Sobolev AS. Low-resolution structures of modular nanotransporters shed light on their functional activity. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2020; 76:1270-1279. [PMID: 33263332 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798320013765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Modular nanotransporters (MNTs) are multifunctional chimeric polypeptides for the multistep transport of locally acting cytotoxic agents into the nuclei of cancer target cells. MNTs consist of several polypeptide domains (functional modules) for the recognition of a cell-surface internalizable receptor, pH-dependent endosomal escape and subsequent transport into the nucleus through the nuclear pores. MNTs are a promising means for cancer treatment. As has been shown previously, all of the modules of MNTs retain their functionalities. Despite their importance, there is no structural information available about these chimeric polypeptides, which hampers the creation of new MNT variants. Here, a low-resolution 3D structure of an MNT is presented which was obtained by atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering coupled to size-exclusion chromatography. The data suggest that the MNT can adopt two main conformations, but in both conformations the protein N- and C-termini are distanced and do not influence each other. The change in the MNT conformation during acidification of the medium was also studied. It was shown that the fraction of the elongated conformation increases upon acidification. The results of this work will be useful for the development of MNTs that are suitable for clinical trials and possible therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri V Khramtsov
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasiia D Vlasova
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey V Vlasov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey A Rosenkranz
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey V Ulasov
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russian Federation
| | - Yury L Ryzhykau
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander I Kuklin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russian Federation
| | - Anton S Orekhov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russian Federation
| | - Ilia B Eydlin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russian Federation
| | - Georgii P Georgiev
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russian Federation
| | - Valentin I Gordeliy
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S Sobolev
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russian Federation
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Vitti Gambim V, Laufer-Amorim R, Fonseca Alves RH, Grieco V, Fonseca-Alves CE. A Comparative Meta-Analysis and in silico Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes and Proteins in Canine and Human Bladder Cancer. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:558978. [PMID: 33304937 PMCID: PMC7701042 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.558978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine and human bladder cancer present similar anatomical, morphological, and molecular characteristics, and dogs can be considered a model for human bladder cancer. However, the veterinary literature lacks information regarding cross-validation analysis between human and canine large-scale data. Therefore, this research aimed to perform a meta-analysis of the canine literature on bladder cancer, identifying genes and proteins previously evaluated in these studies. In addition, we also performed a cross-validation of the canine transcriptome data and the human data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to identify potential markers for both species. The meta-analysis was performed using the following indexing terms: “bladder” AND “carcinoma” AND “dog” in different international databases, and 385 manuscripts were identified in our initial search. Then, several inclusion criteria were applied, and only 25 studies met these criteria. Among these studies, five presented transcriptome data, and 20 evaluated only isolated genes or proteins. Regarding the studies involving isolated protein analysis, the HER-2 protein was the most studied (3/20), followed by TAG-72 (2/20), COX-2 (2/20), survivin (2/20), and CK7 (2/20), and the remaining nine studies evaluated one isolated protein each. Regarding the cross-validation analysis of human and canine transcriptome data, we identified 35 dysregulated genes, including ERBB2, TP53, EGFR, and E2F2. Our results demonstrate that the canine literature on bladder cancer previously focused on the evaluation of isolated markers with no association with patient survival. This limitation may be related to the lack of a homogenous protocol for treating patients and the lack of follow-up during treatment. In addition, the lack of information regarding tumor muscle invasion can be considered an important limitation when comparing human and canine bladder tumors. Our in silico analysis involving canine and human transcriptome data provided several genes with the potential to be markers for both human and canine bladder tumors, and these genes should be considered for future studies on canine bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Vitti Gambim
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Renee Laufer-Amorim
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Valeria Grieco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil.,Institute of Health Sciences, Paulista University-UNIP, Bauru, Brazil
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11
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Sobolev AS. The Delivery of Biologically Active Agents into the Nuclei of Target Cells for the Purposes of Translational Medicine. Acta Naturae 2020; 12:47-56. [PMID: 33456977 PMCID: PMC7800601 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of vehicles for the subcellular targeted delivery of biologically active agents is very promising for the purposes of translational medicine. This review summarizes the results obtained by researchers from the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology RAS, which allowed them to design the core technology: modular nanotransporters. This approach ensures high efficacy and cell specificity for different anti-cancer agents, as they are delivered into the most vulnerable subcellular compartment within the cells of interest and makes it possible for antibody mimetics to penetrate into a compartment of interest within the target cells ("diving antibodies"). Furthermore, polyplexes, complexes of polycationic block copolymers of DNA, have been developed and characterized. These complexes are efficient both in vitro and in vivo and demonstrate predominant transfection of actively dividing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. S. Sobolev
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow,119334 Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234 Russia
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12
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Ju Y, Guo H, Edman M, Hamm-Alvarez SF. Application of advances in endocytosis and membrane trafficking to drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 157:118-141. [PMID: 32758615 PMCID: PMC7853512 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multidisciplinary research efforts in the field of drug delivery have led to the development of a variety of drug delivery systems (DDS) designed for site-specific delivery of diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Since efficient uptake of drug carriers into target cells is central to effective drug delivery, a comprehensive understanding of the biological pathways for cellular internalization of DDS can facilitate the development of DDS capable of precise tissue targeting and enhanced therapeutic outcomes. Diverse methods have been applied to study the internalization mechanisms responsible for endocytotic uptake of extracellular materials, which are also the principal pathways exploited by many DDS. Chemical inhibitors remain the most commonly used method to explore endocytotic internalization mechanisms, although genetic methods are increasingly accessible and may constitute more specific approaches. This review highlights the molecular basis of internalization pathways most relevant to internalization of DDS, and the principal methods used to study each route. This review also showcases examples of DDS that are internalized by each route, and reviews the general effects of biophysical properties of DDS on the internalization efficiency. Finally, options for intracellular trafficking and targeting of internalized DDS are briefly reviewed, representing an additional opportunity for multi-level targeting to achieve further specificity and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Ju
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC School of Pharmacy, USA
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC School of Pharmacy, USA
| | - Maria Edman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Sarah F Hamm-Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC School of Pharmacy, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA.
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