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Xu D, Zhang L, Meng H, Zhao W, Hu Z, Wang J. Exploring the anti-ischemic stroke potential of wogonoside: Insights from Nrf2/Sirt3 signaling pathway and UPLC-TripleTOF-MS/MS-based metabolomics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 246:116206. [PMID: 38733762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, accounting for 80 % of all strokes, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, effective and safe pharmacotherapy options for ischemic injury are limited. This study investigated the therapeutic effects of wogonoside, a compound derived from Radix Scutellariae, on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The results showed that wogonoside treatment had significant therapeutic effects in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion. It effectively reduced mortality rates, neurological deficits, cerebral infarct size, and brain water content. In an in vitro model using PC12 cells, wogonoside activated the Nrf2/Sirt3 signaling pathway. This activation contributed to the attenuation of oxidative damage and inflammation. Metabolomics analysis revealed increased levels of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutathione in response to wogonoside treatment, suggesting their potential as therapeutic biomarkers for ischemic stroke. Additionally, wogonoside restored perturbed energy metabolism, including the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Wogonoside has the potential to ameliorate cerebral ischemic injury by targeting GABA-related amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, and glutathione metabolism, maintaining redox homeostasis, and attenuating oxidative stress. These findings provide valuable insights into the protective mechanisms of wogonoside in cerebral I/R injury and highlight the promising therapeutic approach of wogonoside in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Huihui Meng
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Wenlong Zhao
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Ziyun Hu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Junsong Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
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2
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Li ZH, Pu XQ, Li SS, Dong XK, Zhang GQ, Wang Y, Liu JM. Neuroprotective Effect and Mechanism of Tanreqing Injection on Ischemic Stroke: Insights from Network Pharmacology and in vivo Experiments. Chin J Integr Med 2024:10.1007/s11655-024-3910-6. [PMID: 38910191 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-024-3910-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the neuroprotective effects and mechanism of Tanreqing Injection (TRQ) on treating ischemic stroke based on network pharmacology and in vivo experimental validation. METHODS The chemical compounds of TRQ were retrieved based on published data, with targets retrieved from PubChem, Therapeutic Target Database and DrugBank. Network visualization and analysis were performed using Cytoscape, with protein-protein interaction networks derived from the STRING database. Enrichment analysis was performed using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes Genomes pathway and Gene Ontology analysis. In in vivo experiments, the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was used. Infarct volume was determined by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium hydrochloride staining and protein expressions were analyzed by Western blot. Molecular docking was performed to predict ligand-receptor interactions. RESULTS We screened 81 chemical compounds in TRQ and retrieved their therapeutic targets. Of the targets, 116 were therapeutic targets for stroke. The enrichment analysis showed that the apelin signaling pathway was a key pathway for ischemic stroke. Furthermore, in in vivo experiment we found that administering with intraperitoneal injection of 2.5 mL/kg TRQ every 6 h could significantly reduce the infarct volume of MCAO rats (P<0.05). In addition, protein levels of the apelin receptor (APJ)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway were increased by TRQ (P<0.05). In addition, 41 chemical compounds in TRQ could bind to APJ. CONCLUSIONS The neuroprotective effect of TRQ may be related to the APJ/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. However, further studies are needed to confirm the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hao Li
- Department of Emergency, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
- Department of Neurology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Dongfang Hospital, Beijing, 100078, China
| | - Xiao-Qi Pu
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Sha-Sha Li
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiao-Ke Dong
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Daxing District Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, 100163, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Emergency, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jin-Min Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Dongfang Hospital, Beijing, 100078, China
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3
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Wang Y, Yen S, Ian Shih YY, Lai CW, Chen YL, Chen LT, Chen H, Liao LD. Topiramate suppresses peri-infarct spreading depolarization and improves outcomes in a rat model of photothrombotic stroke. iScience 2024; 27:110033. [PMID: 38947531 PMCID: PMC11214377 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke can cause depolarized brain waves, termed peri-infarct depolarization (PID). Here, we evaluated whether topiramate, a neuroprotective drug used to treat epilepsy and alleviate migraine, has the potential to reduce PID. We employed a rat model of photothrombotic ischemia that can reliably and reproducibly induce PID and developed a combined electrocorticography-laser speckle contrast imaging (ECoG-LSCI) platform to monitor neuronal activity and cerebral blood flow (CBF) simultaneously. Topiramate administration after photothrombotic ischemia did not rescue CBF but significantly restored somatosensory evoked potentials in the forelimb area of the primary somatosensory cortex. Moreover, infarct volume was investigated by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, and neuronal survival was evaluated by Nissl staining. Mechanistically, the levels of inflammatory markers, such as ED1 (CD68), Iba-1, and GFAP, decreased significantly after topiramate administration, as did BDNF expression, while the expression of NeuN and Bcl-2/Bax increased, which is indicative of reduced inflammation and improved neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhling Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National United University, NO.2, Lien Da, Nan Shih Li, Miao-Li 36063, Taiwan
| | - Shaoyu Yen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yu Ian Shih
- Center for Animal MRI, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Chien-Wen Lai
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Township, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - Hsi Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - Lun-De Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
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Dou J, Zhang X, Hu C, Gao Y, Zhao Y, Hei M, Wang Z, Guo N, Zhu H. QKL injection ameliorates Alzheimer's disease-like pathology by regulating expression of RAGE. Exp Gerontol 2024; 190:112422. [PMID: 38599502 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The onset of Alzheimer's disease is related to neuron damage caused by massive deposition of Aβ in the brain. Recent studies suggest that excessive Aβ in the brain mainly comes from peripheral blood, and BBB is the key to regulate Aβ in and out of the brain. In this study, we explored the pathogenesis of AD from the perspective of Aβ transport through the BBB and the effect of QKL injection in AD mice. The results showed that QKL could improve the cognitive dysfunction of AD mice, decrease the level of Aβ and Aβ transporter-RAGE, which was supported by the results of network pharmacology, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. In conclusion, RAGE is a potential target for QKL's therapeutic effect on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Dou
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xin'ai Zhang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoqun Hu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqian Gao
- Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Murong Hei
- Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimiao Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Guo
- Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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5
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Ren Z, Chen C, Zheng Y, Zhang S, Yan J, Cheng F, Wang X, Wang Q, Li C. Refined Qingkailing protects the in vitro neurovascular unit against oxygen-glucose deprivation and re-oxygenation-induced injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115580. [PMID: 37776640 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the proposal of the neurovascular unit (NVU) theory, it has become almost mandatory for neuroprotective medicines against ischaemic stroke (IS) to focus on this unit. Refined Qingkailing (RQKL) is a compound composed of hyodeoxycholic acid, geniposide, baicalin and cholic acid, which has shown great potential in the treatment of IS, but its effect on NVU has not been fully studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential biological pathways that underlie the protective effects of RQKL against NVU damage induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation and re-oxygenation (OGD/R). Using in vitro OGD/R models, we looked into whether RQKL protects the NVU. In order to create an in vitro NVU that resembles IS, we created an OGD/R injury model using primary cultures of brain microvascular endothelial cells, neurons, and astrocytes. Based on our results, we present evidence, for the first time, that RQKL treatment of the injury caused by OGD/R significantly (1) kept the blood brain barrier (BBB) functioning and maintained the architecture of the neurons, (2) mitigated the oxidative stress damage, inflammatory cytokine release, and neuronal death, and (3) upregulated the expression of neurotrophic factors generated from glial cells and the brain in the in vitro model. Therefore, RQKL has a variety of preventive effects against NVU damage caused by OGD/R. RQKL may be a suitable medication for treating IS in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilin Ren
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Congai Chen
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yuxiao Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Juntang Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fafeng Cheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xueqian Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Qingguo Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Changxiang Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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6
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Han M, Wang S, Zhou X, Zhang P, Han Z, Chen Y, Cai H, Wu L, Huang X, Wang L, Chen Y. Baicalin alleviates bleomycin-induced early pulmonary fibrosis in mice via the mitoKATP signaling pathway. Toxicology 2023; 497-498:153638. [PMID: 37783230 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Bleomycin (BLM), a frequently employed chemotherapeutic agent, exhibits restricted clinical utility owing to its pulmonary toxicity. Meanwhile, baicalin (BA)-an active ingredient extracted from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi -has been shown to alleviate BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Hence, the objective of this study was to examine the protective effects of BA in the context of BLM-induced early PF in mice and elucidate the underlying mechanism(s). We established an in vivo BLM (3.5 mg/kg)-induced PF murine model and in vitro BLM (35 μM)-damaged MLE-12 cell model. On Day 14 of treatment, the levels of fibrosis and apoptosis were evaluated in mouse lungs via hydroxyproline analysis, western blotting (COL1A1, TGF-β, Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3), and Masson, immunohistochemical (α-SMA, AIF, Cyto C), and TUNEL staining. Additionally, in vitro, apoptosis was assessed in MLE-12 cells exposed to BLM for 24 h using the Annexin V/PI assay and western blotting (Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3, AIF, Cyto C). To elucidate the role of the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel (mitoKATP) in the protective effect of BA, we utilised diazoxide (DZX)-a mitoKATP agonist-and 5-hydroxydecanoate sodium (5-HD)-a mitoKATP inhibitor. Results revealed the involvement of mitoKATP in the protective effect of BA in BLM-induced PF. More specifically, mitoKATP activation can attenuate BLM-induced PF progression and mitigate alveolar epithelial type II cell death by reducing mitochondrial ROS, maintaining the mitochondrial membrane potential, and impeding the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Collectively, the findings offer pharmacological support to use BA for the treatment or prevention of BLM-induced PF and suggest that mitoKATP might serve as an effective therapeutic target for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Han
- The Respiratory Division, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Shayan Wang
- The Respiratory Division, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xuehua Zhou
- The Respiratory Division, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- The Respiratory Division, Ruian People's Hospital, Zhejiang 325200, China
| | - Zhengyuan Han
- The Respiratory Division, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Haijian Cai
- The Respiratory Division, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Lina Wu
- Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- The Respiratory Division, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Liangxing Wang
- The Respiratory Division, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Yanfan Chen
- The Respiratory Division, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
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7
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Gao Z, Wang D, Yang J, Li M, Ling C, Lv D, Cao Y, Chen Z, Shi C, Shen H, Tang Y. Iron deficiency in hepatocellular carcinoma cells induced sorafenib resistance by upregulating HIF-1α to inhibit apoptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114750. [PMID: 37087978 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib is the first-line therapeutic agent for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the drug resistance has become a major impediment. Previously we found that the abnormal iron metabolism in HCC led to iron deficiency, whether it induces sorafenib resistance during the treatment of HCC is not yet disclosed. In this study, we observed the effects of iron deficiency on sorafenib resistance and explored the underlying mechanisms. The results revealed that the killing effects of sorafenib on HCC cells were weakened by iron deficiency but effectively restored by iron re-supplementation. The ferroptosis indicators, including the contents of lipid hydroperoxide (LPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA), the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), were not significantly changed by iron deficiency in sorafenib-treated HCC cells. However, the sorafenib-induced apoptosis of HCC cells was inhibited by iron deficiency. Notably, the expression of anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) was elevated, and the expressions of other apoptotic proteins, BCL2-associated X (Bax), caspase-3, and caspase-9, were inhibited by iron deficiency. Mechanistically, iron deficiency upregulated hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) to increase BCL-2. Inhibition of HIF-1α suppressed the iron deficiency-induced BCL-2 and sorafenib resistance. In summary, iron deficiency in HCC cells generated sorafenib resistance by increasing HIF-1α and BCL-2, which therefore inhibited the sorafenib-induced apoptosis of HCC cells. These results identified iron deficiency as a new factor of sorafenib resistance in HCC cells, which would be an effective target to alleviate sorafenib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelong Gao
- Department of Nutrition, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongyao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianxin Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Nutrition, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changquan Ling
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Diya Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ce Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Nutrition, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuxiao Tang
- Department of Nutrition, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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8
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Shang LY, Zhou MH, Cao SY, Zhang M, Wang PJ, Zhang S, Meng XX, Yang QM, Gao XL. Effect of polyethylene glycol 400 on the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of baicalin by intravenous injection based on the enzyme activity of UGT1A8/1A9. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 180:106328. [PMID: 36379359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Baicalin (BG) is a bioactive flavonoid extracted from the dried root of the medicinal plant, Scutellaria radix (SR) (dicotyledonous family, Labiatae), and has several biological activities. Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) has been used as a suitable solvent for several traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) and is often used as an excipient for the compound preparation of SR. However, the drug-excipient interactions between BG and PEG400 are still unknown. Herein, we evaluated the effect of a single intravenous PEG400 administration on the BG levels of rats using pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution studies. A liver microsome and recombinant enzyme incubation system were used to further confirm the interaction mechanism between PEG400 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) (UGT1A8 and UGT1A9). The pharmacokinetic study demonstrated that following the co-intravenous administration of PEG400 and BG, the total clearance (CLz) of BG in the rat plasma decreased by 101.60% (p < 0.05), whereas the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC)0-t and AUC0-inf increased by 144.59% (p < 0.05) and 140.05% (p < 0.05), respectively. Additionally, the tissue distribution study showed that the concentration of BG and baicalein-6-O-β-D-glucuronide (B6G) in the tissues increased, whereas baicalein (B) in the tissues decreased, and the total amount of BG and its metabolites in tissues altered following the intravenous administration of PEG400. We further found that PEG400 induced the UGT1A8 and UGT1A9 enzyme activities by affecting the maximum enzymatic velocity (Vmax) and Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) values of UGT1A8 and UGT1A9. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that PEG400 interaction with UGTs altered the pharmacokinetic behaviors and tissue distribution characteristics of BG and its metabolites in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Yuan Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants and School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; Guizhou Medical University Experimental Animal Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ming-Hao Zhou
- Inspection Center of Guizhou Drug Administration, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Si-Yuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants and School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; Guizhou Medical University Experimental Animal Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants and School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; Guizhou Medical University Experimental Animal Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Peng-Jiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants and School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; Guizhou Medical University Experimental Animal Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants and School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; Guizhou Medical University Experimental Animal Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants and School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; Guizhou Medical University Experimental Animal Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qi-Mei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants and School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; Guizhou Medical University Experimental Animal Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiu-Li Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants and School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; Guizhou Medical University Experimental Animal Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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9
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Jin XX, Fang MD, Hu LL, Yuan Y, Xu JF, Lu GG, Li T. Elevated lactate dehydrogenase predicts poor prognosis of acute ischemic stroke. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275651. [PMID: 36206280 PMCID: PMC9544033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is associated with the prognosis of many diseases, but the relationship between LDH and the poor prognosis (recurrence and death) of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has not been fully clarified. This study aimed to investigate the association between admission LDH level and poor prognosis in patients with AIS. Methods This retrospective study enrolled AIS patients treated in Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province from July 2019 to December 2019. Poor prognosis included AIS recurrence and all-cause death at 3, 6, and 18 months. The correction between LDH and poor prognosis or all-cause death was assessed. Lasso Cox expression and multivariate Cox expression analyses were used to evaluate the association of LDH with the risk of poor prognosis and all-cause death, respectively. A nomogram was constructed to evaluate the predictive Values of LDH for the poor prognosis and all-cause death of AIS. Results 732 patients were included in the study. Multivariate analysis shows that admission LDH levels were significantly correlated with poor prognosis [odds ratio (OR),1.003; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.001–1.005; P = 0.001] and all-cause death (OR, 1.005; 95% CI, 1.000–1.009; P = 0.031). The correlation analysis showed that admission LDH level was positively correlated with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (td-ROC) curves analysis showed that the AUC values of admission LDH level for predicting prognosis of AIS patients in 3-month, 6-month, 12-month and 18-month were 0.706 (95% CI, 0.604–0.810), 0.653 (95% CI, 0.583–0.723), 0.616 (95% CI, 0.556–60676) and 0.610 (95% CI, 0.552–0.680), respectively. And td-ROC also showed that the AUC values of admission LDH level for predicting all-cause death of AIS patients in 3-month, 6-month,12-month and 18-month were 0.861 (95% CI, 0.764–0.958), 0.824 (95% CI, 0.753–0.890), 0.726 (95% CI, 0.633–0.819) and 0.715 (95% CI, 0.622–0.807), respectively. The nomograms were constructed to create the predictive models of the poor prognosis and all-cause death of AIS. Conclusion Higher LDH levels are independently associated with poor prognosis and all-cause death of AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-Xia Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Linhai, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mei-Dan Fang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Linhai, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ling-Ling Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Linhai, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Linhai, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiu-Fei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Linhai, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guo-Guang Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Linhai, Zhejiang Province, China
- * E-mail: (G-GL); (TL)
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Linhai, Zhejiang Province, China
- * E-mail: (G-GL); (TL)
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10
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Xu W, Chen D, Zhang Z, Liu S, Chen C, Sun C, Ni W, Kang X, Shang G, Wang X, Cheng F, Wang Q. Toxicological safety evaluation of Qin-Zhi-Zhu-Dan formula in rats during the treatment and recovery periods. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:987997. [PMID: 36091824 PMCID: PMC9453232 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.987997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Qinzhi Zhudan Formula (QZZD), optimized from Angong Niuhuang Wan, consists of Radix Scutellariae, Fructus Gardeniae and Pulvis Fellis Suis. We had investigated the neuroprotective effects of QZZD and its active components, and demonstrated that it could treat cerebral ischemia and dementia through multiple pathways and mechanisms. Nevertheless, toxicological data on this formula still remains limited. In the study, we sought to examine the toxicological effects of QZZD during the treatment and recovery periods.Methods: We investigated potential toxicities of QZZD in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats via 28-day gavage administration. SD rats were randomly divided into control group and treatment groups of A (0.5 g/kg/d QZZD), B (1.5 g/kg/d QZZD), and C (5.0 g/kg/d QZZD). The 56-day course includes treatment period (administration with water or QZZD once a day for 28 consecutive days) and recovery period (28 days). The rats received daily monitoring of general signs of toxicity and mortality, as well as weekly determination of body weight and food consumption. Moreover, the complete blood cell count, biochemistry, coagulation, and urine indicators, organ weights, and histopathological report were analyzed respectively at the end of the treatment and recovery periods.Results: There was no death related to the active pharmaceutical ingredients of QZZD during the treatment period. The maximum no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was 0.5 g/kg/d, which is approximately 16.7 times of the equivalent dose of clinical dose in rats. In group TB (1.5 g/kg/d QZZD) and TC (5.0 g/kg/d QZZD), there were adverse effects of blue coloring of tail skin, weight loss, a significant increase of total bilirubin (TBIL), blackening of liver and kidney in gross examination, hyperplasia of bile duct and karyomegaly of hepatocytes in histopathological examination. Besides, in females rats, the food consumption was reduced, while in male rats, there was decrease in triglycerides (TG) and slight increase in white blood cell (WBC) count and neutrophils. In group TC (5.0 g/kg/d QZZD), the indicators of red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (HGB) and hematocrit (HCT) were decreased slightly, while the platelet count (PLT) was increased. However, these changes were not considered to be toxicologically significant because they resolved during the recovery period.Conclusion: Overall, QZZD exhibited a good safety profile. The maximum no observed adverse effect level was 0.5 g/kg/d, and no target organs toxicity were identified. The present findings might confirm the safety of QZZD in clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zehan Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuling Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Congai Chen
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Sun
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenchao Ni
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangdong Kang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guojiao Shang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqian Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xueqian Wang, ; Fafeng Cheng, ; Qingguo Wang,
| | - Fafeng Cheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xueqian Wang, ; Fafeng Cheng, ; Qingguo Wang,
| | - Qingguo Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xueqian Wang, ; Fafeng Cheng, ; Qingguo Wang,
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11
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Yang RC, Huang K, Zhang HP, Li L, Zhang YF, Tan C, Chen HC, Jin ML, Wang XR. SARS-CoV-2 productively infects human brain microvascular endothelial cells. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:149. [PMID: 35705998 PMCID: PMC9198209 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02514-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of the novel, pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global health emergency. SARS-CoV-2 is highly contagious and has a high mortality rate in severe patients. However, there is very limited information on the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). METHODS RNA-sequencing profiling was performed to analyze the transcriptomic changes in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs) after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Bioinformatic tools were used for differential analysis. Immunofluorescence, real-time quantitative PCR, and Western blotting analysis were used to explore biological phenotypes. RESULTS A total of 927 differentially expressed genes were identified, 610 of which were significantly upregulated while the remaining 317 were downregulated. We verified the significant induction of cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules in hBMECs by SARS-CoV-2, suggesting an activation of the vascular endothelium in brain. Moreover, we demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 infection could increase the BBB permeability, by downregulating as well as remodeling the intercellular tight junction proteins. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause BBB dysfunction, providing novel insights into the understanding of SARS-CoV-2 neuropathogenesis. Moreover, this finding shall constitute a new approach for future prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2-induced CNS infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Kun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Hui-Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yu-Fei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Chen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Huan-Chun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Mei-Lin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang-Ru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China. .,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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12
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Rasras AJ, El-Naggar M, Safwat NA, Al-Qawasmeh RA. Cholyl 1,3,4-oxadiazole hybrid compounds: design, synthesis and antimicrobial assessment. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:631-638. [PMID: 35706993 PMCID: PMC9174839 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A new chemical library based on the hybridization of cholic acid with the heterocyclic moiety 1,3,4-oxadizole was synthesized, and tested for antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. Among the synthesized compounds, the most potent derivatives against S. aureus were 4t, 4i, 4p, and 4c with MIC values between 31 and 70 µg/mL, while compound 4p was the most active one against Bacillus subtilis with a MIC value of 70 µg/mL. Interestingly, compounds 4a and 4u exerted selective activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The synthesized compounds showed good activity against A. fumigatus and C. albicans and compound 4v exhibited selective activity against fungi only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas J Rasras
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Al-Balqa Applied University, PO Box 19117, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Mohamed El-Naggar
- College of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Sharjah, Pure and Applied, Chemistry Research Group, PO Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nesreen A Safwat
- The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11371, Egypt
| | - Raed A Al-Qawasmeh
- College of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Sharjah, Pure and Applied, Chemistry Research Group, PO Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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13
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Chen YP, Wang KX, Cai JQ, Li Y, Yu HL, Wu Q, Meng W, Wang H, Yin CH, Wu J, Huang MB, Li R, Guan DG. Detecting Key Functional Components Group and Speculating the Potential Mechanism of Xiao-Xu-Ming Decoction in Treating Stroke. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:753425. [PMID: 35646921 PMCID: PMC9136080 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.753425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a cerebrovascular event with cerebral blood flow interruption which is caused by occlusion or bursting of cerebral vessels. At present, the main methods in treating stroke are surgical treatment, statins, and recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA). Relatively, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has widely been used at clinical level in China and some countries in Asia. Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction (XXMD) is a classical and widely used prescription in treating stroke in China. However, the material basis of effect and the action principle of XXMD are still not clear. To solve this issue, we designed a new system pharmacology strategy that combined targets of XXMD and the pathogenetic genes of stroke to construct a functional response space (FRS). The effective proteins from this space were determined by using a novel node importance calculation method, and then the key functional components group (KFCG) that could mediate the effective proteins was selected based on the dynamic programming strategy. The results showed that enriched pathways of effective proteins selected from FRS could cover 99.10% of enriched pathways of reference targets, which were defined by overlapping of component targets and pathogenetic genes. Targets of optimized KFCG with 56 components can be enriched into 166 pathways that covered 80.43% of 138 pathways of 1,012 pathogenetic genes. A component potential effect score (PES) calculation model was constructed to calculate the comprehensive effective score of components in the components-targets-pathways (C-T-P) network of KFCGs, and showed that ferulic acid, zingerone, and vanillic acid had the highest PESs. Prediction and docking simulations show that these components can affect stroke synergistically through genes such as MEK, NFκB, and PI3K in PI3K-Akt, cAMP, and MAPK cascade signals. Finally, ferulic acid, zingerone, and vanillic acid were tested to be protective for PC12 cells and HT22 cells in increasing cell viabilities after oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). Our proposed strategy could improve the accuracy on decoding KFCGs of XXMD and provide a methodologic reference for the optimization, mechanism analysis, and secondary development of the formula in TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-peng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke-xin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, National Key Clinical Specialty/Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Neurosurgery Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie-qi Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Radiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-lang Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Burns, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Handuo Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan-hui Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mian-bo Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Mian-bo Huang, ; Rong Li, ; Dao-gang Guan,
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Mian-bo Huang, ; Rong Li, ; Dao-gang Guan,
| | - Dao-gang Guan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Mian-bo Huang, ; Rong Li, ; Dao-gang Guan,
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Wang Y, Wu H, Han Z, Sheng H, Wu Y, Wang Y, Guo X, Zhu Y, Li X, Wang Y. Guhong injection promotes post-stroke functional recovery via attenuating cortical inflammation and apoptosis in subacute stage of ischemic stroke. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 99:154034. [PMID: 35276592 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a leading cause of death and disability, alternative therapies for stroke are still limited by its complicated pathophysiological manifestations. Guhong injection (GHI), consisting of safflower aqueous extract and aceglutamide, has been widely applied for the clinical treatment of cerebrovascular diseases, especially ischemic stroke and post-stroke recovery, in China. Recently, a series of studies have reported the positive effect of GHI against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via targeting various molecular mechanisms. However, questions remain on whether treatment with GHI contributes to better functional recovery after stroke and if so, the potential mechanisms and active substances. PURPOSE The aim of this work was to explore the potential therapeutic possibilities of GHI for the neurological and behavioral recovery after stroke and to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms as well as active substances. METHODS The neural and motor deficits as well as cortical lesions after GHI treatment were investigated in a mouse model of transient ischemic stroke. Based on the substance identification of GHI, network pharmacology combined with an experimental verification method was used to systematically decipher the biological processes and signaling pathways closely related to GHI intervention in response to post-stroke functional outcomes. Subsequently, ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) analysis was performed to determine the anti-stroke active substances targeting to the hub targets involved in the significant molecular pathways regulated by GHI treatment. RESULTS Therapeutically, administration of GHI observably ameliorated the post-stroke recovery of neural and locomotor function as well as reduced infarct volume and histopathological damage to the cerebral cortex in subacute stroke mice. According to 26 identified or tentatively characterized substances in GHI, the compound-target-pathway network was built. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that inflammatory and apoptotic pathways were tightly associated with the anti-stroke effect of GHI. Based on protein-protein interaction network analysis, the hub targets (such as NF-κB p65, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3) involved in inflammation and apoptosis were selected. On the one hand, immunofluorescence and ELISA results showed that GHI (10 ml/kg) treatment obviously reduced NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation as well as decreased the abnormally elevated concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) in damaged cortex tissues. On the other hand, GHI (10 ml/kg) treatment significantly downregulated the number of TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells in ischemic cortex and effectively restored the abnormal expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3. Based on the results of IPA, hydroxysafflor yellow A, baicalin, scutellarin, gallic acid, syringin, chlorogenic acid, kaempferol, kaempferol-3-O-β-rutinoside, and rutin acted synergistically on core targets, which could be considered as the active substances of GHI. CONCLUSION Overall, the current findings showed that the beneficial action of GHI on improving post-stroke functional recovery of subacute stroke mice partly via the modulation of cortical inflammation and apoptosis. These findings not only provide a reliable reference for the clinical application of GHI, but also shed light on a promising alternative therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yule Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Huimin Wu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Zhu Han
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Hongda Sheng
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Yuhan Wu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Yingchao Wang
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, 291 Fucheng Road, Qiantang District, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - Xinran Guo
- School of Humanities and Management, Wannan Medical College, 34 Yinhunan Road, Jinghu District, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xuecai Li
- Tonghua Guhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5099 Jianguo Road, Meihekou 135099, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310012, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China.
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15
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Li X, Li S, Ma C, Li T, Yang L. Preparation of baicalin-loaded ligand-modified nanoparticles for nose-to-brain delivery for neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:1282-1298. [PMID: 35467483 PMCID: PMC9045769 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2064564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia (CI) has received increasing attention. However, efficient delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain remains a major challenge due to the complex environment of the brain. Nose-to-brain-based delivery is a promising approach. Here, we optimized a nanocarrier formulation of neuroprotective agents that can be used for nose-to-brain delivery by obtaining RVG29 peptide-modified polyethylene glycol–polylactic acid-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles (PEG–PLGA RNPs) that have physicochemical properties that lead to stable and sustained drug release and thereby improve the bioavailability of neuroprotective agents. The brain-targeting ability of PEG–PLGA RNPs administered through nasal inhalation was verified in a rat model of CI. It was found that delivery to the whole brain can be achieved with little delivery to the peripheral circulation. Baicalin (BA) was selected as the neuroprotective agent for delivery. After intranasal administration of BA–PEG–PLGA RNPs, the neurological dysfunction of rats with ischemic brain injury was significantly alleviated, the cerebral infarction area was reduced, and nerve trauma and swelling were relieved. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the neuroprotective effects of BA in a rat model of CI may be mediated by inhibition of inflammation and alleviation of oxidative stress. The immunohistochemical results obtained after treatment with nanoparticles loaded with BA showed that Nrf2/HO-1 was activated in the area in which ischemic brain damage had occurred and that its expression was significantly higher in the group treated with BA–PEG–PLGA RNPs than in the other groups. The ELISA results showed that the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were abnormally increased in the serum of rats with cerebral ischemia. After treatment with BA-loaded nanoparticles, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels decreased significantly. Oxidative stress was alleviated; the levels of glutathione and superoxide dismutase increased; and the levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde decreased, in animals to which BA–PEG–PLGA RNPs were delivered by intranasal inhalation. In conclusion, BA–PEG–PLGA RNPs can effectively deliver BA to rats and thereby exert neuroprotective effects against CI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Li
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, ChangChun, China
| | - Shuling Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, ChangChun, China
| | - Chun Ma
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, ChangChun, China
| | - Tieshu Li
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, ChangChun, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, ChangChun, China
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16
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Huang P, Wan H, Shao C, Li C, Zhang L, He Y. Recent Advances in Chinese Herbal Medicine for Cerebral Ischemic Reperfusion Injury. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:688596. [PMID: 35111041 PMCID: PMC8801784 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.688596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury (CI/RI) is a critical factor that leads to a poor prognosis in patients with ischemic stroke. It is an extremely complicated pathological process that is clinically characterized by high rates of disability and mortality. Current available treatments for CI/RI, including mechanical and drug therapies, are often accompanied by significant side effects. Therefore, it is necessary to discovery new strategies for treating CI/RI. Many studies confirm that Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) was used as a potential drug for treatment of CI/RI with the advantages of abundant resources, good efficacy, and few side effects. In this paper, we investigate the latest drug discoveries and advancements on CI/RI, make an overview of relevant CHM, and systematically summarize the pathophysiology of CI/RI. In addition, the protective effect and mechanism of related CHM, which includes extraction of single CHM and CHM formulation and preparation, are discussed. Moreover, an outline of the limitations of CHM and the challenges we faced are also presented. This review will be helpful for researchers further propelling the advancement of drugs and supplying more knowledge to support the application of previous discoveries in clinical drug applications against CI/RI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haitong Wan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chongyu Shao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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17
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Zheng M, Zhou M, Chen M, Lu Y, Shi D, Wang J, Liu C. Neuroprotective Effect of Daidzein Extracted From Pueraria lobate Radix in a Stroke Model Via the Akt/mTOR/BDNF Channel. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:772485. [PMID: 35095491 PMCID: PMC8795828 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.772485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Daidzein is a plant isoflavonoid primarily isolated from Pueraria lobate Radix as the dry root of P. lobata (Wild.) Ohwi, have long been used as nutraceutical and medicinal herb in China. Despite the report that daidzein can prevent neuronal damage and improve outcome in experimental stroke, the mechanisms of this neuroprotective action have been not fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine whether the daidzein elicits beneficial actions in a stroke model, namely, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, and to reveal the underlying neuroprotective mechanisms associated with the regulation of Akt/mTOR/BDNF signal pathway. The results showed that I/R, daidzein treatment significantly improved neurological deficits, infarct volume, and brain edema at 20 and 30 mg/kg, respectively. Meanwhile, it was found out that the pretreatment with daidzein at 20 and 30 mg/kg evidently improved striatal dopamine and its metabolite levels. In addition, daidzein treatment reduced the cleaved Caspase-3 level but enhanced the phosphorylation of Akt, BAD and mTOR. Moreover, daidzein at 30 mg/kg treatment enhanced the expression of BDNF and CREB significantly. This protective effect of daidzein was ameliorated by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway using LY294002. To sum up, our results demonstrated that daidzein could protect animals against ischemic damage through the regulation of the Akt/mTOR/BDNF channel, and the present study may facilitate the therapeutic research of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizhu Zheng
- The Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- College of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Minghui Chen
- College of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yao Lu
- College of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongfang Shi
- The Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunming Liu
- The Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
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18
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Wu Q, Yin CH, Li Y, Cai JQ, Yang HY, Huang YY, Zheng YX, Xiong K, Yu HL, Lu AP, Wang KX, Guan DG, Chen YP. Detecting Critical Functional Ingredients Group and Mechanism of Xuebijing Injection in Treating Sepsis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:769190. [PMID: 34938184 PMCID: PMC8687625 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.769190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory reaction caused by various infectious or noninfectious factors, which can lead to shock, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and death. It is one of the common complications and a main cause of death in critically ill patients. At present, the treatments of sepsis are mainly focused on the controlling of inflammatory response and reduction of various organ function damage, including anti-infection, hormones, mechanical ventilation, nutritional support, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Among them, Xuebijing injection (XBJI) is an important derivative of TCM, which is widely used in clinical research. However, the molecular mechanism of XBJI on sepsis is still not clear. The mechanism of treatment of "bacteria, poison and inflammation" and the effects of multi-ingredient, multi-target, and multi-pathway have still not been clarified. For solving this issue, we designed a new systems pharmacology strategy which combines target genes of XBJI and the pathogenetic genes of sepsis to construct functional response space (FRS). The key response proteins in the FRS were determined by using a novel node importance calculation method and were condensed by a dynamic programming strategy to conduct the critical functional ingredients group (CFIG). The results showed that enriched pathways of key response proteins selected from FRS could cover 95.83% of the enriched pathways of reference targets, which were defined as the intersections of ingredient targets and pathogenetic genes. The targets of the optimized CFIG with 60 ingredients could be enriched into 182 pathways which covered 81.58% of 152 pathways of 1,606 pathogenetic genes. The prediction of CFIG targets showed that the CFIG of XBJI could affect sepsis synergistically through genes such as TAK1, TNF-α, IL-1β, and MEK1 in the pathways of MAPK, NF-κB, PI3K-AKT, Toll-like receptor, and tumor necrosis factor signaling. Finally, the effects of apigenin, baicalein, and luteolin were evaluated by in vitro experiments and were proved to be effective in reducing the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, significantly. These results indicate that the novel integrative model can promote reliability and accuracy on depicting the CFIGs in XBJI and figure out a methodological coordinate for simplicity, mechanism analysis, and secondary development of formulas in TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi- Wu
- Department of Burns, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan-Hui Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Radiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Qi Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han-Yun Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Ying Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Xu Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Lang Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ai-Ping Lu
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong China
| | - Ke-Xin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,National Key Clinical Specialty/Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dao-Gang Guan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Peng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Tan Y, Zhang J, Yang K, Xu Z, Zhang H, Chen W, Peng T, Wang X, Liu Z, Wei P, Li N, Zhang Z, Liu T, Hua Q. Anti-Stroke Chinese Herbal Medicines Inhibit Abnormal Amyloid-β Protein Precursor Processing in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 85:261-272. [PMID: 34776438 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chinese Herbal Medicines (CHMs), as an important and integral part of a larger system of medicine practiced in China, called Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), have been used in stroke therapy for centuries. A large body of studies suggest that some Chinese herbs can help reverse cognitive impairment in stroke patients, while whether these herbs also exert therapeutic benefits for Alzheimer's disease remains to be seen. OBJECTIVE To address this issue, we selected four types of CHMs that are commonly prescribed for stroke treatment in clinical practice, namely DengZhanXiXin (D1), TongLuoJiuNao (T2), QingKaiLing (Q3), and HuangQinGan (H4), and tested their effects on amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) processing in vitro. METHODS AβPP, β-secretase (BACE1), and 99-amino acid C-terminal fragment of AβPP (C99) stably transfected cells were used for the tests of AβPP processing. The production of Aβ, activity of BACE1, neprilysin (NEP), and γ-secretase were assessed by ELISA, RT-PCR, and western blot. RESULTS By upregulating BACE1 activity, D1 increased Aβ production whereas decreased the ratio of Aβ 42/Aβ 40; by downregulating BACE1 activity and modulating the expression of γ-secretase, T2 decreased Aβ production and the ratio of Aβ 42/Aβ 40; by downregulating BACE1 activity, Q3 decreased Aβ production; H4 did not change Aβ production due to the simultaneously downregulation of BACE1 and NEP activity. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that these four anti-stroke CHMs regulate AβPP processing through different mechanisms. Particularly, T2 with relatively simple components and prominent effect on AβPP processing may be a promising candidate for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tan
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiani Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zihui Xu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weihang Chen
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Peng
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoheng Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Wei
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Na Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenqiang Zhang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tonghua Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Hua
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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20
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Wei X, Hou W, Liang J, Fang P, Dou B, Wang Z, Sai J, Xu T, Ma C, Zhang Q, Cheng F, Wang X, Wang Q. Network Pharmacology-Based Analysis on the Potential Biological Mechanisms of Sinisan Against Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:693701. [PMID: 34512330 PMCID: PMC8430321 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.693701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most prevalent liver disease in China. Sinisan (SNS) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula that has been widely used in treating chronic liver diseases, including NAFLD. However, its underlying biological mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we employed a network pharmacology approach consisting of overlapped terms- (genes or pathway terms-) based analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network-based analysis, and PPI clusters identification. Unlike the previous network pharmacology study, we used the shortest path length-based network proximity algorithm to evaluate the efficacy of SNS against NAFLD. And we also used random walk with restart (RWR) algorithm and Community Cluster (Glay) algorithm to identify important targets and clusters. The screening results showed that the mean shortest path length between genes of SNS and NAFLD was significantly smaller than degree-matched random ones. Six PPI clusters were identified and ten hub targets were obtained, including STAT3, CTNNB1, MAPK1, MAPK3, AGT, NQO1, TOP2A, FDFT1, ALDH4A1, and KCNH2. The experimental study indicated that SNS reduced hyperlipidemia, liver steatosis, and inflammation. Most importantly, JAK2/STAT3 signal was inhibited by SNS treatment and was recognized as the most important signal considering the network pharmacology part. This study provides a systems perspective to study the relationship between Chinese medicines and diseases and helps to discover potential mechanisms by which SNS ameliorates NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weixin Hou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajun Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Fang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Dou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zisong Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayang Sai
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chongyang Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyun Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fafeng Cheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqian Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qingguo Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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21
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Wan J, Long Y, Liu S, Zhang Y, Xiang Y, Li D, Shi A, Shuang Y, Li Y, He Y, Li N, Guan Y. Geniposide-Loaded Liposomes for Brain Targeting: Development, Evaluation, and In Vivo Studies. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:222. [PMID: 34409515 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02093-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Geniposide (GE) possesses excellent neuroprotective effects but with poor brain targeting and short half-life. Liposome was considered to have great potential for brain diseases. Therefore, this research aimed to develop a geniposide liposome (GE-LP) as a brain delivery system for cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (CIRI) therapy and evaluate its characterization, pharmacokinetics, brain targeting, and neuroprotective effects in vivo. Then, a reverse-phase evaporation method was applied to develop the GE-LP and optimize the formulation. Notably, the GE-LP had suitable size, which was 223.8 nm. Subsequently, the pharmacokinetic behavior of GE solution and GE-LP in mice plasma was investigated, and the brain targeting was also researched. The results showed that GE in plasma of GE-LP displayed three folds longer distribution half-life and a higher bioavailability and brain targeting compared to GE solution. In vivo neuroprotective effects was evaluated through the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model, and GE-LP exhibited a stronger tendency in preventing the injury of CIRI, which can significantly improve neurological deficits. Overall, this study demonstrates GE-LP as a new formulation with ease of preparation, sustained release, and high brain targeting, which has significant development prospects on CIRI; this is expected to improve the efficacy of GE and reduce the frequency of administration.
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22
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Chen S, Xie Q, Yang M, Shi Y, Shi J, Zeng X. Scutellaria baicalensis Extract-Phospholipid Complex: Preparation and Initial Pharmacodynamics Research in Rats. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:847-860. [PMID: 34376131 PMCID: PMC9189737 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210729142257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Baicalin, a flavonoid glycoside compound present in Scutellaria baicalensis, has shown a wide spectrum of biological activities, but its liposolubility, water-solubility and mucosal permeability are all very poor, which leads to the low concentration in brain and poor bioavailability by oral or intravenous injective administration. Objectives The primary objective of this study was to formulate the Scutellaria baicalensis extract (SBE) with phospholipid to yield Scutellaria baicalensis extract-phospholipid complex (SBEPC), and to evaluate its pharmacodynamics in the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Methods The optimal preparation technology of SBEPC was obtained through single-factor test and central composite design-response surface methodology (CCD-RSM), and was characterized with various analytical techniques including SEM, FT-IR and NMR. The storage conditions of SBEPC were established through stability study and the MCAO rat model was investigated through conducting pharmacodynamic studies to screen the appropriate administration and dose of SBEPC as well as to verify the neuroprotective effect of SBEPC on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Results The optimized preparation conditions of SBEPC were summarized as follows: the ratio of phospholipids to drug was 2:1, the drug concentration was 3.5 mg/ml, the reaction temperature was 50 °C, and the entrapment efficiency was over 93.00%. Stability studies have demonstrated that SBEPC should be stored under 40 °C in a dry and ventilated place away from light and below 37% humidity. Furthermore, pharmacodynamic studies have found that, compared with SBE, SBEPC could introduce drugs into the brain and better exert the neuroprotective effect on MCAO rats, and the optimal administration and dose concentration of SBEPC were nasal administration and 40 mg/ml, respectively. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that SBEPC is successfully prepared by CCD-RSM. SBEPC can enhance drugs' ability to enter the brain and improve the bioavailability of drugs in brain, and can effectively exert the neuroprotective effect on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury as compared with SBE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibin Chen
- Research Center, China Resources Sanjiu Medical & Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Qiujie Xie
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yajun Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Junhui Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiaobin Zeng
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
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Systematic Investigation of the Effect of Powerful Tianma Eucommia Capsule on Ischemic Stroke Using Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8897313. [PMID: 34194527 PMCID: PMC8203382 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8897313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Ischemic stroke (IS) is a serious disease with a high rate of death and disability, and a growing number of people are becoming victims. Existing drugs not only have limited therapeutic effects but also have obvious side effects. Most importantly, drug resistance due to long-term or improper use of drugs is detrimental to patients. Therefore, it is urgent to find some alternative or supplementary medicines to alleviate the current embarrassment. Powerful Tianma Eucommia Capsule (PTEC) is mainly used to treat IS in China for thousands of years; however, the molecular mechanism is not clear. Methods Pharmacology ingredients and target genes were filtered and downloaded from websites. A pharmacology ingredient-target gene network was constructed to predict the molecular interactions between ingredients and target genes. Enrichment analysis was performed to explore the possible signal pathways. LeDock was used to simulate the interaction form between proteins and main active ingredients and to deduce key amino acid positions. Results Two hundred eighty-nine target genes and seventy-four pharmacological ingredients were obtained from public databases. Several key ingredients (quercetin, kaempferol, and stigmasterol) and primary core target genes (PTGS1, NCOA2, and PRSS1) were detected through ingredient-target gene network analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis demonstrated that ingredients affect networks mainly in nuclear receptor activity and G protein-coupled amine receptor activity; besides, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, human cytomegalovirus infection, and hepatitis B signaling pathways might be the principal therapy ways. A series of presumed key amino acid sites (189ASP, 190SER, 192GLN, 57HIS, and 99TYE) were calculated in PRSS1. Six of the target genes were differentially expressed between male and female patients. Conclusions Seven new putative target genes (ACHE, ADRA1A, AR, CHRM3, F7, GABRA1, and PRSS1) were observed in this work. Based on the result of GO and KEGG analysis, this work will be helpful to further demonstrate the molecular mechanism of PTEC treatment of IS.
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Jiao Y, Xu J, Chen H, Guo Q, Deng X, Zhang T, Zhang J, Shi C, Wang P. Identification of the Main Active Components and Mechanism of Wang Bi Tablet in Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis Based on Integrative Pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:669551. [PMID: 34149422 PMCID: PMC8213436 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.669551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wang Bi tablet (WBT) is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in China. We employed integrative pharmacology, including rapid analysis of chemical composition, pharmacological experiment, and network pharmacology analysis, to elucidate the active components and mechanism underlying the effect of WBT against RA. The chemical fingerprint of WBT was revealed by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS, and the chemical composition was identified. The anti-inflammatory effect of WBT was evaluated in TNF-α-stimulated RAW264.7 cells by ELISA and transcriptome sequencing. Network pharmacology analysis, functional enrichment analysis, and network visualization were performed. A total of 293 chemical constituents were preliminarily identified or tentatively characterized in WBT extract, and they effectively inhibited inflammatory response in TNF-α-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Forty-eight key active constituents were identified based on high-frequency binding to hub targets and their corresponding targets number. Next, 135 corresponding hub genes, which may be the putative targets of WBT in treating RA, were selected. Functionally, the putative targets were significantly associated with the inflammatory immune response regulation module, energy metabolism regulation module, and cell function regulation module, corresponding to the traditional efficacy of WBT. In summary, this study revealed, for the first time using integrative pharmacology, that WBT may attenuate RA through the inflammation-immune regulation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Jiao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiuyan Guo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofang Deng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenjing Shi
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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25
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Bahari F, Yavari M. Hot and Cold Theory: Evidence in Systems Biology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1343:135-160. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-80983-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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