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Ahmad N, Lesa KN, Ujiantari NSO, Sudarmanto A, Fakhrudin N, Ikawati Z. Development of White Cabbage, Coffee, and Red Onion Extracts as Natural Phosphodiesterase-4B (PDE4B) Inhibitors for Cognitive Dysfunction: In Vitro and In Silico Studies. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2024; 2024:1230239. [PMID: 38808119 PMCID: PMC11132833 DOI: 10.1155/2024/1230239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Human cognition fundamentally depends on memory. Alzheimer's disease exhibits a strong correlation with a decline in this factor. Phosphodiesterase-4 B (PDE4B) plays a crucial role in neurodegenerative disorders, and its inhibition is one of the promising approaches for memory enhancement. This study aimed to identify secondary metabolites in white cabbage, coffee, and red onion extracts and identify their molecular interaction with PDE4B by in silico and in vitro experiments. Crushed white cabbage and red onion were macerated separately with ethanol to yield respective extracts, and ground coffee was boiled with water to produce aqueous extract. Thin layer chromatography (TLC)-densitometry was used to examine the phytochemicals present in white cabbage, coffee, and red onion extracts. Molecular docking studies were performed to know the interaction of test compounds with PDE4B. TLC-densitometry analysis showed that chlorogenic acid and quercetin were detected as major compounds in coffee and red onion extracts, respectively. In silico studies revealed that alpha-tocopherol (binding free energy (∆Gbind) = -38.00 kcal/mol) has the strongest interaction with PDE4B whereas chlorogenic acid (∆Gbind = -21.50 kcal/mol) and quercetin (∆Gbind = -17.25 kcal/mol) exhibited moderate interaction. In vitro assay showed that the combination extracts (cabbage, coffee, and red onion) had a stronger activity (half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 0.12 ± 0.03 µM) than combination standards (sinigrin, chlorogenic acid, and quercetin) (IC50 = 0.17 ± 0.03 µM) and rolipram (IC50 = 0.15 ± 0.008 µM). Thus, the combination extracts are a promising cognitive enhancer by blocking PDE4B activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazir Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Kaisun Nesa Lesa
- Department of Food and Nutritional Science, Khulna City Corporation Women's College, Affiliated to Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
- Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Department of Pediatrics, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jessore University of Science and Technology, Jessore, Bangladesh
| | - Navista Sri Octa Ujiantari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Ari Sudarmanto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Nanang Fakhrudin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Zullies Ikawati
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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Guo S, Lei Q, Yang Q, Chen R. Sinigrin improves cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting the TLR4 pathway-mediated oxidative stress. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14480. [PMID: 38369620 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion (CIR) injury occurs in stroke patients after the restoration of cerebral perfusion. Sinigrin, a phytochemical found in cruciferous vegetables, exhibits strong antioxidant activity. This study investigated the role of sinigrin in oxidative stress using a CIR injury model. The effects of sinigrin were studied in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-injured SH-SY5Y cells. Sinigrin treatment improved brain injury and neurological deficits induced by MCAO surgery in rats. Sinigrin inhibited apoptosis in brain tissues and SH-SY5Y cells following OGD/R induction. Additionally, sinigrin elevated the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) while reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Furthermore, sinigrin inhibited the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) signalling pathway. The anti-apoptotic and antioxidant activities of sinigrin in OGD/R-injured SH-SY5Y cells were reversed by TLR4 overexpression. In conclusion, sinigrin inhibits oxidative stress in CIR injury by suppressing the TLR4/MyD88 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglong Guo
- Department II of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Qi Lei
- Department II of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department II of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Ruili Chen
- Department II of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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Sinigrin Attenuates the Dextran Sulfate Sodium-induced Colitis in Mice by Modulating the MAPK Pathway. Inflammation 2023; 46:787-807. [PMID: 36622573 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01780-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an intestinal inflammatory disease characterised by the loss of intestinal crypts, edema, mucosal ulceration, and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the mucosa. The current study aimed to investigate the protective and therapeutic effects of sinigrin and underlying mechanisms in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse model of ulcerative colitis. DSS-induced colitis models were used to demonstrate sinigrin's therapeutic/protective action. Mice were orally administered with sinigrin (15 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg) for a period of 12 days in both prophylactic and therapeutic models. Animal weights, stool consistency, and bleeding parameters were measured throughout the experimental period. After the experimental period, colon lengths were measured, and colon tissues were harvested to determine the levels of oxidative stress-inducing factors (nitrates and MDA levels) and anti-oxidant components (GSH, SOD, and catalase). Furthermore, gene expression analysis, IL-17 levels, and inflammatory marker expressions were measured using RT-qPCR, ELISA, and immunohistochemical methods respectively. Furthermore, histopathological observations and elucidation of the mechanism of action were determined using H&E analysis and Western blot analysis. Sinigrin treatment (in both prophylactic and therapeutic models) significantly mitigated the DSS-induced body weight loss, attenuated the colon length shrinkage, and improved the disease index score (p < 0.001). Further results revealed that sinigrin's protective/therapeutic effect is associated with a significant attenuation of pro‑inflammatory cytokine production (p < 0.001), reversing the anti-oxidant enzyme levels (p < 0.001) and substantial improvement (2 folds) of the disruption of the colonic morphology in colon tissues compared to DSS control. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that sinigrin treatment remarkably reduced the DSS-induced myeloperoxidase, neutrophil elastase, and CD68 expression in colon tissues. Additionally, sinigrin successfully abrogated the DSS-induced IL-17 levels (p < 0.001) and improved the colonic barrier in colon tissues. Overall, these results demonstrated that sinigrin exerts protective and therapeutic effects on DSS‑induced colitis, by enhancing the anti-oxidant enzymes and suppressing the intestinal inflammatory cascade of markers by regulating the MAPK pathway.
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Dang R, Guan H, Wang C. Sinapis Semen: A review on phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, analytical methods and pharmacokinetics. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1113583. [PMID: 37124205 PMCID: PMC10130658 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1113583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sinapis Semen (SS), the dried mature seed of Sinapis alba L. and Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. et Coss., is one of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials with a wide range of pharmacological effects being used for asthma, cough and many other ailments. SS is also widely used in food agriculture, medicine and other industries in North America and South Asia. More recently, the research on SS has gradually intensified and increased. However, there is no systematic review of SS. In this review, through literature exploration and analysis, the research advance on phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, analytical methods and pharmacokinetics of SS was aggregated initially. Total 144 compounds have been isolated and identified from SS. Among them, glucosinolates and their hydrolysates and volatile oils are the main active ingredients and important chemical classification markers. SS has a wide range of pharmacological effects, especially in cough suppressing, asthma calming, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, cardiovascular protective, inhibiting androgenic effects, anti-tumor, and skin permeation promoting effects. Sinapine and sinapic acid are the main active ingredients of SS for its medicinal effects. However, SS has a strong skin irritation, presumably related to the time of application, the method of processing, and original medicinal plants. This review will provide useful data for the follow-up research and safe and reasonable clinical application of SS.
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Untargeted GC-TOFMS Analysis Reveals Metabolomic Changes in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge Leaf and Root in Response to Long-Term Drought Stress. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7070175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen) is an important traditional Chinese medicine herb. This study aimed to investigate the drought-responsive metabolic profiling in S. miltiorrhiza using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS) analysis. Fifty day-old S. miltiorrhiza seedlings were treated with two (moderate drought, MD) and four weeks (high drought, HD) of withholding water. The S. miltiorrhiza leaf and root samples were prepared for the GC-TOFMS analysis. Differential metabolites with substantial changes in content in S. miltiorrhiza leaf and root were identified using multivariate and univariate statistics. A total of 178 and 157 annotated metabolites were detected in S. miltiorrhiza leaf and root, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that significantly discriminant metabolites in S. miltiorrhiza leaf by drought were associated with “galactose metabolism” and “citrate cycle”. In addition, the significantly discriminant metabolites in S. miltiorrhiza root were associated with “starch and sucrose metabolism”. Univariate statistics showed that the content of succinic acid, d-glucose, and oxoglutaric acid in S. miltiorrhiza leaf was increased by drought (fold change, FC > 1.5). Allose, d-xylose, melibiose, mannose, sorbitol, quinic acid, sinigrin, and taurine in S. miltiorrhiza root were decreased by drought (FC < 0.67). There were different metabolic profiles between S. miltiorrhiza leaf and root. However, the influence of drought stress on the pharmacological value and accumulation of bioactive constituents in S. miltiorrhiza should be further investigated.
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Ali V, Khajuria M, Bhat R, Rashid A, Faiz S, Vyas D. Comparative phytochemical analysis of Lepidium latifolium L. sprouts from Ladakh Himalayas suggest a novel combination of 2-propenyl and benzyl glucosinolate. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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