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Kalkan KT, Esrefoglu M, Terzioglu-Usak S, Yay A. Protective effect of melatonin on blood-brain barrier damage caused by Endotoxemia. Neurol Res 2024; 46:195-206. [PMID: 37989260 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2023.2265244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endotoxins, products of Gram-negative bacteria, are the primary cause of blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the possible neuroprotection mechanisms of melatonin on BBB damage induced by endotoxemia. METHODS Adult, female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 42) were separated into four random groups as a control group and three treatment groups. Lipopolysaccharide (7,5 mg/kg/day) was administrated for a single dose to generate a 24-hour sepsis model on rats. Melatonin (10 mg/kg/day) was treated a week before sepsis. Afterward, the dissected brain tissues were examined by histopathological, biochemical, and molecular analyses. RESULTS LPS caused weight loss in the groups. As a result, degenerated neurons with cytoplasmic vacuoles and irregular pyknotic nuclei, pale stained necrotic neurons, and vascular congestion were observed in LPS-exposed rats. However, MEL decreased the number of degenerated neurons in treated groups. MEL treatment increased ZO1 and Occludin immunoreactivity while decreasing TLR4 in brain tissues. MEL effect on protein expression was recorded for ZO1 increase and TLR4 decrease in brain tissue compared to LPS groups. MEL also decreased MDA levels in brain tissue. CONCLUSIONS MEL recovered the degenerative damage of sepsis by contributing to blood-brain barrier integrity, and by decreasing inflammation, thus the neuroprotective effects of MEL might provide an experimental basis for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubra Tugce Kalkan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mukaddes Esrefoglu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Arzu Yay
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Zhang N, Liu YJ, Yang C, Zeng P, Gong T, Tao L, Zheng Y, Chen TT. Review of research progress on the role of the effective components of traditional Chinese medicine in sepsis with multiple organ dysfunction. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21713. [PMID: 38027612 PMCID: PMC10665755 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of sepsis has recently evolved from one of a 'systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by infection' to a 'severe, potentially fatal organic dysfunction caused by an inadequate or imbalanced host response to infection'. Organ dysfunction is closely related to sepsis. Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is the most serious outcome of sepsis, often leading to a poor prognosis. However, specific drugs for sepsis and MODS caused by sepsis remain undetermined, and the fatality rate is relatively high. Under the guidance of modern medicine, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has gained a wealth of experience in the prevention and treatment of sepsis and plays a key role via the effects of its numerous components, pathways and targets. This study used 'Sepsis', 'Organ dysfunction' and 'Traditional Chinese medicine' as strategies for searching the databases of Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, PubMed and The Web of Science. This paper presents an overview of the current status of TCM component formulations for preventing and treating sepsis with MODS to provide a theoretical basis for clinical treatment and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Jiangxi Province Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanchang, 330003, China
| | - Yu-Juan Liu
- Department of Emergency, Jiangxi Province Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanchang, 330003, China
| | - Chuang Yang
- Department of Emergency, Jiangxi Province Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanchang, 330003, China
| | - Peng Zeng
- Department of Emergency, Jiangxi Province Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanchang, 330003, China
| | - Tao Gong
- Department of Emergency, Jiangxi Province Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanchang, 330003, China
| | - Lu Tao
- Department of Emergency, Jiangxi Province Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanchang, 330003, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Emergency, Jiangxi Province Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanchang, 330003, China
| | - Ting-Ting Chen
- Department of Nursing, Jiangxi Province Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanchang, 330003, China
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Sieminski M, Szaruta-Raflesz K, Szypenbejl J, Krzyzaniak K. Potential Neuroprotective Role of Melatonin in Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy Due to Its Scavenging and Anti-Oxidative Properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1786. [PMID: 37760089 PMCID: PMC10525116 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. The brain is one of the organs involved in sepsis, and sepsis-induced brain injury manifests as sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). SAE may be present in up to 70% of septic patients. SAE has a very wide spectrum of clinical symptoms, ranging from mild behavioral changes through cognitive disorders to disorders of consciousness and coma. The presence of SAE increases mortality in the population of septic patients and may lead to chronic cognitive dysfunction in sepsis survivors. Therefore, therapeutic interventions with neuroprotective effects in sepsis are needed. Melatonin, a neurohormone responsible for the control of circadian rhythms, exerts many beneficial physiological effects. Its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties are well described. It is considered a potential therapeutic factor in sepsis, with positive results from studies on animal models and with encouraging results from the first human clinical trials. With its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential, it may also exert a neuroprotective effect in sepsis-associated encephalopathy. The review presents data on melatonin as a potential drug in SAE in the wider context of the pathophysiology of SAE and the specific actions of the pineal neurohormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Sieminski
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland; (K.S.-R.); (K.K.)
| | | | - Jacek Szypenbejl
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland; (K.S.-R.); (K.K.)
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Yu W, Jiang Z, Zhang Z, Jiang L, Liu C, Lu C, Liang Z, Wang G, Yan J. The Wu-Shi-Cha formula protects against ulcerative colitis by orchestrating immunity and microbiota homeostasis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 304:116075. [PMID: 36572328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ulcerative colitis (UC) has become a healthy burden worldwide due to its insidious onset and repetitive relapse, with a rather complex etiology, including inappropriate immune response, dysbiosis, genetic susceptibility, and unhealthy diets. The Wu-Shi-Cha (WSC) formula is a widely utilized drug to protect against gastrointestinal disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aspired to dissect the pertinent mechanisms of the WSC to treat UC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Network pharmacology and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were performed to predict the targets of WSC in the context of UC and colorectal cancer. Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) was used to construct murine models of experimental colitis, and the WSC was given to colitis mice for 14 days. Feces and colon samples were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and biochemical experiments, respectively. RESULTS Network pharmacology analysis predicted that the WSC formula could orchestrate inflammation, infection, and tumorigenesis, and WGCNA based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database showed a potent anti-neoplastic effect of the WSC therapy for colorectal cancer. The WSC therapy rescued bursts of pro-inflammatory cytokines and colonic epithelial collapse in DSS-induced colitis mice. Moreover, the high dose of WSC treatment facilitated the alternative activation of peritoneal macrophages (Mφs) and these Mφs were conducive to the survival of intestinal stem cells (ISCs), and the disturbed homeostasis of gut microbiota was re-established after WSC treatment, as evidenced by the decreased colonization of pathological taxa in the fecal samples. CONCLUSION The WSC formula suppresses inflammation and re-establishes the homeostasis of gut microbiota, thereby ameliorating colitis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining city, Shandong province, China.
| | - Zizheng Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining city, Shandong province, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining city, Shandong province, China.
| | - Lu Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining city, Shandong province, China.
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining city, Shandong province, China.
| | - Chang Lu
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining city, Shandong province, China.
| | - Zhenghao Liang
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining city, Shandong province, China.
| | - Guoliang Wang
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining city, Shandong province, China.
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining city, Shandong province, China.
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Martinez-Orengo N, Tahmazian S, Lai J, Wang Z, Sinharay S, Schreiber-Stainthorp W, Basuli F, Maric D, Reid W, Shah S, Hammoud DA. Assessing organ-level immunoreactivity in a rat model of sepsis using TSPO PET imaging. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1010263. [PMID: 36439175 PMCID: PMC9685400 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1010263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is current need for new approaches to assess/measure organ-level immunoreactivity and ensuing dysfunction in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis, in order to protect or recover organ function. Using a rat model of systemic sterile inflammatory shock (intravenous LPS administration), we performed PET imaging with a translocator protein (TSPO) tracer, [18F]DPA-714, as a biomarker for reactive immunoreactive changes in the brain and peripheral organs. In vivo dynamic PET/CT scans showed increased [18F]DPA-714 binding in the brain, lungs, liver and bone marrow, 4 hours after LPS injection. Post-LPS mean standard uptake values (SUVmean) at equilibrium were significantly higher in those organs compared to baseline. Changes in spleen [18F]DPA-714 binding were variable but generally decreased after LPS. SUVmean values in all organs, except the spleen, positively correlated with several serum cytokines/chemokines. In vitro measures of TSPO expression and immunofluorescent staining validated the imaging results. Noninvasive molecular imaging with [18F]DPA-714 PET in a rat model of systemic sterile inflammatory shock, along with in vitro measures of TSPO expression, showed brain, liver and lung inflammation, spleen monocytic efflux/lymphocytic activation and suggested increased bone marrow hematopoiesis. TSPO PET imaging can potentially be used to quantify SIRS and sepsis-associated organ-level immunoreactivity and assess the effectiveness of therapeutic and preventative approaches for associated organ failures, in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neysha Martinez-Orengo
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sarine Tahmazian
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jianhao Lai
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Zeping Wang
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sanhita Sinharay
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - William Schreiber-Stainthorp
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Falguni Basuli
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Dragan Maric
- Flow and Imaging Cytometry Core Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - William Reid
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Swati Shah
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dima A. Hammoud
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Dima A. Hammoud,
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Jiang R, Xu J, Zhang Y, Liu J, Wang Y, Chen M, Chen X, Yin M. Ligustrazine alleviates psoriasis-like inflammation through inhibiting TRAF6/c-JUN/NFκB signaling pathway in keratinocyte. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113010. [PMID: 35468584 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort (Ligusticum; Apiaceae) (accepted name, Ligusticum striatum DC, on "The Plant List" for the latest version) is a Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) which mainly distributed in Sichuan Basin, China. Chuanxiong is the dried rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. Ligustrazine, also known as tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), is a main active fraction of chuanxiong. The aim of this study was to clarify the underlying mechanisms by which TMP protect against psoriasis-like inflammation in keratinocytes. Here, we demonstrated that TMP alleviated the severity and PASI scores of IMQ-induced psoriasis-like skin lesion in vivo. For the histopathology level, TMP inhibited the over-proliferation of keratinocytes in the epidermis and the substantial immune cells influx in dermis. For the mechanism of the ability of TMP on regulating inflammation, we confirmed that TMP regulate the TRAF6/c-JUN/NFκB signaling pathway through analyzing the proteomics profiling and verifying the expression of TRAF6, pho-c-Jun, pho-NFκB, so that the downstream psoriasis-relevant genes transcribed by c-JUN or NFκB were down-regulated. Furthermore, we predicted TRAF6 as the potential binding point of TMP. Accordingly, our study demonstrated that TMP regulated psoriasis-like inflammation through inhibiting TRAF6/c-JUN/NFκB signaling pathway in keratinocytes, which potentially provides evidence of the mechanism of TMP in the treatment and prevention of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rundong Jiang
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuezhong Zhang
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiachen Liu
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mingliang Chen
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiang Chen
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Mingzhu Yin
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Yang DP, Dong WP, Yang YC, Zeng YY, Liu Y, Dong Z, Ma XM, Cao YQ, Bai YZ, Yang B, Wang XW. Tetramethylpyrazine Improves Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension through the ROS/iNOS/PKG-1 Axis. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:1890892. [PMID: 35368928 PMCID: PMC8970814 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1890892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), a potent anti-free radical and anti-inflammations substance, has been demonstrated to possess a direct vessel relaxation property. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of TMP treatment in pulmonary hypertension (PH) and test the hypothesis that TMP prevents or reverses the process of PH. Methods Rats (n = 36) injected with 50 mg/kg of monocrotaline (MCT) subcutaneously 4 weeks to develop PH were then randomized to TMP (5 mg/kg per day) for another 4 weeks. Hemodynamics was evaluated via the right ventricle. Pulmonary vessels structural remodeling and inflammation were examined by histologic and transmission electron microscopy observation. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cGMP-dependent protein kinases 1 (PKG-1) was detected by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidation species was measured by biochemical analyses. Results MCT increased PH and right ventricle hypertrophy. TMP alleviated pulmonary arterial pressure elevation, leukocyte infiltration, and structural remodeling of pulmonary arterials induced by MCT successfully. TMP treatment significantly increased the PKG-1 expression and suppressed the iNOS expression. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH), and catalase (CAT) was significantly higher than control group, while malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were lower compared with MCT group. Conclusion TMP can suppress established MCT-induced PH through the ROS/iNOS/PKG axis. The underlying mechanisms may be associated with its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiproliferative properties in pulmonary arterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Peng Yang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, People's Liberation Army General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Peng Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Shushan District, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yong-Chao Yang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zeng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, People's Liberation Army General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Jiangmen Wuyi Hospital of TCM, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529000, China
| | - Zhu Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Xi-Miao Ma
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Qiu Cao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Zhou Bai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Xiao-Wu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, People's Liberation Army General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
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Li D, Long Y, Yu S, Shi A, Wan J, Wen J, Li X, Liu S, Zhang Y, Li N, Zheng C, Yang M, Shen L. Research Advances in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:832673. [PMID: 35173614 PMCID: PMC8841966 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.832673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) are a serious threat to human health and account for 31% of global mortality. Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (CX) is derived from umbellifer plants. Its rhizome, leaves, and fibrous roots are similar in composition but have different contents. It has been used in Japanese, Korean, and other traditional medicine for over 2000 years. Currently, it is mostly cultivated and has high safety and low side effects. Due to the lack of a systematic summary of the efficacy of CX in the treatment of CVDs, this article describes the material basis, molecular mechanism, and clinical efficacy of CX, as well as its combined application in the treatment of CVDs, and has been summarized from the perspective of safety. In particular, the pharmacological effect of CX in the treatment of CVDs is highlighted from the point of view of its mechanism, and the complex mechanism network has been determined to improve the understanding of CX's multi-link and multi-target therapeutic effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and endothelial cells. This article offers a new and modern perspective on the impact of CX on CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ai Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinyan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Songyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yulu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Foresight regarding drug candidates acting on the succinate-GPR91 signalling pathway for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112298. [PMID: 34649219 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, and it is a liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome, with a histological spectrum from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH can evolve into progressive liver fibrosis and eventually lead to liver cirrhosis. The pathological mechanism of NASH is multifactorial, involving a series of metabolic disorders and changes that trigger low-level inflammation in the liver and other organs. In the pathogenesis of NASH, the signal transduction pathway involving succinate and the succinate receptor (G-protein-coupled receptor 91, GPR91) regulates inflammatory cell activation and liver fibrosis. This review describes the mechanism of the succinate-GPR91 signalling pathway in NASH and summarizes the drugs that act on this pathway, with the aim of providing a new approach to NASH treatment.
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Chen L, Qing W, Yi Z, Lin G, Peng Q, Zhou F. NU9056, a KAT 5 Inhibitor, Treatment Alleviates Brain Dysfunction by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation, Affecting Gut Microbiota, and Derived Metabolites in LPS-Treated Mice. Front Nutr 2021; 8:701760. [PMID: 34327209 PMCID: PMC8313765 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.701760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The pathogenesis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is complicated, while the efficacy of current treatment technologies is poor. Therefore, the discovery of related targets and the development of new drugs are essential. Methods: A mouse model of SAE was constructed by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS treatment of microglia was used to build an in vitro model of inflammation. Nine-day survival rates, behavioral testing, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunohistochemical (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), and ELISA were performed. The expression levels of Occludin, Claudin 5, NLRP3, caspase-1, and ASC genes and proteins were detected by RT-qPCR or Western blot. Caspase-1 P10 (Casp-1 P10) protein expression was detected. 16S rDNA sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) were used to analyze the gut microbiota and metabolism. Flow cytometric experiment and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay were performed. Results: NU9056 improved the survival rate of mice and alleviated LPS-induced cognitive impairment, anxiety, and depression in vivo. The tight junctions were thickened via NU9056 treatment. Further, the mRNAs and proteins expression levels of Occludin and Claudin 5 were up-regulated by NU9056. NU9056 increased the expression level of DCX. The expression levels of Iba-1, NLRP3, IL-1β, ASC, and Casp-1 P10 were down-regulated by NU9056. The composition of the gut microbiota changed. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes data predicted that the effects of NU9056 might be related to apoptosis and tight junction pathways. NU9056 up-regulated the concentration of acetate, propionate, and butyrate. NU9056 significantly reduced LPS-induced apoptosis of microglia, the average fluorescence intensity of ROS, and the release of IL-1β and IL-18, while improving cell viability in vitro. Conclusions: NU9056 might effectively alleviate LPS-induced cognitive impairment and emotional disorder in experimental mice by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome. The therapeutic effects may be related to gut microbiota and derived metabolites. NU9056 might be a potential drug of SAE prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenxiang Qing
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zexiong Yi
- Medical College of Xiangya, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guoxin Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianyi Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Pinocembrin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced myocardial injury and cardiac dysfunction in rats by inhibiting p38/JNK MAPK pathway. Life Sci 2021; 277:119418. [PMID: 33781824 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM Recent studies have shown that, with its excellent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, pinocembrin can reduce the occurrence of arrhythmia in myocardial infarction rats. However, whether it can alleviate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced myocardial injury in rats has not been reported. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether pinocembrin could alleviate myocardial injury and arrhythmia in rats with sepsis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were intraperitoneally injected with LPS to simulate animal sepsis, and the caudal vein was injected with pinocembrin or normal saline for intervention. Transthoracic echocardiography, inflammatory factors, electrophysiological recording, histological analysis, and western-blot analysis were performed. KEY FINDINGS Compared with the control group, the rats in the LPS group had myocardial injury and cardiac dysfunction, and the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia increased. In addition, LPS resulted in the increase of p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p-p38 proteins in the myocardium, the levels of inflammatory factors in the blood and the apoptosis rate of left ventricular cardiomyocytes. And all these adverse effects were eliminated, thus confirming that pinocembrin has an excellent protective effect on the heart. SIGNIFICANCE Reducing the inflammatory response and cell apoptosis by inhibiting p38/JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, pinocembrin can alleviate myocardial injury, cardiac dysfunction, and ventricular arrhythmia induced by LPS.
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Chen SL, Cai GX, Ding HG, Liu XQ, Wang ZH, Jing YW, Han YL, Jiang WQ, Wen MY. JAK/STAT signaling pathway-mediated microRNA-181b promoted blood-brain barrier impairment by targeting sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 in septic rats. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1458. [PMID: 33313203 PMCID: PMC7723536 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-7024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). However, the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the regulatory relationship between the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway, microRNA (miR)-181b and its target genes in sepsis in vivo and in vitro. Methods Four rat models (sham, sepsis, sepsis plus STAT3 inhibitor (Stattic), and sepsis plus miR-181b inhibitor [sepsis + anta-miR-181b]) were established. For the in vitro experiments, rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (rBMECs) and rat brain astrocytes (rAstrocytes) were cultured with 10% serum harvested from sham, sepsis, and sepsis + anta-miR-181b rats. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (ChIP-QPCR) analysis was carried out to detect the binding and enrichment of the JAK/STAT3 signal core transcription complex in the miR-181b promoter region. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was conducted to test miR-181b and its target genes. The cell adhesion rate of rBMECs was also measured. Results During our investigations, the expression levels of miR-181b, p-JAK2, p-STAT3, and C/EBPβ were found to be significantly increased in the septic rats compared with the sham rats. STAT3 inhibitor halted BBB damage by downregulating the expression of miR-181b. In addition, miR-181b targeted sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) and neurocalcin delta (NCALD). The up-regulated miR-181b significantly decreased the cell adhesion rate of rBMECs. The administration of miR-181b inhibitor reduced damage to the BBB through increasing the expression of S1PR1 and NCALD, which again proved that miR-181b negatively regulates SIPR1 and NCALD to induce BBB damage. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway induced expression of miR-181b, which promoted BBB impairment in rats with sepsis by downregulating S1PR1 and decreasing BBB cell adhesion. These findings strongly suggest JAK2/STAT3/miR-181b axis as therapeutic target in protecting against sepsis-induced BBB damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Long Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Geng-Xin Cai
- South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Guang Ding
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Qiang Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Wen Jing
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Li Han
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Jiang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao-Yun Wen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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