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Dong H, Sun Y, Nie L, Cui A, Zhao P, Leung WK, Wang Q. Metabolic memory: mechanisms and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:38. [PMID: 38413567 PMCID: PMC10899265 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01755-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases and their complications impose health and economic burdens worldwide. Evidence from past experimental studies and clinical trials suggests our body may have the ability to remember the past metabolic environment, such as hyperglycemia or hyperlipidemia, thus leading to chronic inflammatory disorders and other diseases even after the elimination of these metabolic environments. The long-term effects of that aberrant metabolism on the body have been summarized as metabolic memory and are found to assume a crucial role in states of health and disease. Multiple molecular mechanisms collectively participate in metabolic memory management, resulting in different cellular alterations as well as tissue and organ dysfunctions, culminating in disease progression and even affecting offspring. The elucidation and expansion of the concept of metabolic memory provides more comprehensive insight into pathogenic mechanisms underlying metabolic diseases and complications and promises to be a new target in disease detection and management. Here, we retrace the history of relevant research on metabolic memory and summarize its salient characteristics. We provide a detailed discussion of the mechanisms by which metabolic memory may be involved in disease development at molecular, cellular, and organ levels, with emphasis on the impact of epigenetic modulations. Finally, we present some of the pivotal findings arguing in favor of targeting metabolic memory to develop therapeutic strategies for metabolic diseases and provide the latest reflections on the consequences of metabolic memory as well as their implications for human health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuezhang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lulingxiao Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aimin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- Periodontology and Implant Dentistry Division, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Keung Leung
- Periodontology and Implant Dentistry Division, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Wei Y, Wang X, Ma Z, Xiang P, Liu G, Yin B, Hou L, Shu P, Liu W, Peng X. Sirt6 regulates the proliferation of neural precursor cells and cortical neurogenesis in mice. iScience 2024; 27:108706. [PMID: 38288355 PMCID: PMC10823065 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Sirt6, a member of the class III histone deacetylases (HDACs), functions in the regulation of genomic stability, DNA repair, cancer, metabolism and aging. Sirt6 deficiency is lethal, and newborn SIRT6-null cynomolgus monkeys show unfinished brain development. After the generation of a cortex-specific Sirt6 conditional knockout mouse model, we investigated the specific deletion of Sirt6 in NPCs at E10.5. This study found that Sirt6 deficiency causes excessive proliferation of neural precursor cells (NPCs) and retards differentiation. The results suggest that endogenous Sirt6 in NPCs regulates histone acetylation and limits stemness-related genes, including Notch1, in order to participate in NPC fate determination. These findings help elucidate Sirt6's role in brain development and in NPC fate determination while providing data on species generality and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Gaoao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Pengcheng Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Bhatt V, Tiwari AK. Sirtuins, a key regulator of ageing and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Neurosci 2023; 133:1167-1192. [PMID: 35549800 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2057849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins are Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) dependent class ІΙΙ histone deacetylases enzymes (HDACs) present from lower to higher organisms such as bacteria (Sulfolobus solfataricus L. major), yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans), fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster), humans (Homo sapiens sapiens), even in plants such as rice (Oryza sativa), thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana), vine (Vitis vinifera L.) tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Sirtuins play an important role in the regulation of various vital cellular functions during metabolism and ageing. It also plays a neuroprotective role by modulating several biological pathways such as apoptosis, DNA repair, protein aggregation, and inflammatory processes associated with ageing and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we have presented an updated Sirtuins and its role in ageing and age-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Further, this review also describes the therapeutic potential of Sirtuins and the use of Sirtuins inhibitor/activator for altering the NDDs disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhi Bhatt
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Anand Krishna Tiwari
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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Casper E. The crosstalk between Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways in coronary artery disease: Can it be regulated by SIRT6? Life Sci 2023; 330:122007. [PMID: 37544377 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Oxidative stress and inflammation are major mechanisms responsible for the progression of CAD. Nuclear transcription factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that modulates the cellular redox status. Nrf2 upregulation increases the expression of antioxidant genes, decreases the expression of Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), and increases free radical metabolism. Activated NF-kB increases the production of inflammatory cytokines causing endothelial dysfunction. The two pathways of Nrf2 and NF-kB can regulate the expression of each other. Foremost, the Nrf2 pathway can decrease the level of active NF-κB by increasing the level of antioxidants and cytoprotective enzymes. Furthermore, the Nrf2 pathway prevents IκB-α degradation, an inhibitor of NF-kB, and thus inhibits NF-κB mediated transcription. Also, NF-kB transcription inhibits Nrf2 activation by reducing the antioxidant response element (ARE) transcription. Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) is a member of the Sirtuins family that was found to protect against cardiovascular diseases. SIRT6 can suppress the production of Reactive oxygen species (ROS) through deacetylation of NRF2 which results in NRF2 activation. Furthermore, SIRT6 can inhibit the inflammatory process through the downregulation of NF-kB transcription. Therefore, targeting sirtuins could be a therapeutic strategy to treat CAD. This review describes the potential role of SIRT6 in regulating the crosstalk between NRF2 and NF-kB signaling pathways in CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Casper
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Matysek A, Sun L, Kimmantudawage SP, Feng L, Maier AB. Targeting impaired nutrient sensing via the sirtuin pathway with novel compounds to prevent or treat dementia: A systematic review. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:102029. [PMID: 37549873 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia is prevalent in aged populations and is associated with disability and distress for those affected. Therapeutic benefits of drugs targeting dementia are small. Impaired nutrient sensing pathways have been implicated in the pathogenesis of dementia and may offer a novel treatment target. AIMS This systematic review collated evidence for novel therapeutic compounds that modify nutrient sensing pathways, particularly the sirtuin pathway, in preventing cognitive decline or improving cognition in normal ageing, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. METHODS PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases were searched using key search terms. Articles were screened using Covidence systematic review software. The risk of bias was assessed using the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE)'s risk of bias tool for animal studies and Cochrane Risk of Bias tool v 2.0 for human studies. RESULTS Out of 3841 articles, 68 were included describing 38 different novel therapeutic compounds that modulate the nutrient sensing pathway via the sirtuin pathway. In animal models (58 studies), all investigated novel therapeutic compounds showed cognitive benefits. Ten studies were human intervention trials targeting normal ageing (1 study) and dementia populations (9 studies). Direct sirtuin (silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog) 1 (SIRT1) activators Resveratrol and Nicotinamide derivatives improved cognitive outcomes among human subjects with normal cognition and MCI. CONCLUSION Animal studies support that modulation of the sirtuin pathway has the potential to improve cognitive outcomes. Overall, there is a clear lack of translation from animal models to human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Matysek
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Lina Sun
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | | | - Lei Feng
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea B Maier
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Wu K, Wang Y, Liu R, Wang H, Rui T. The role of mammalian Sirtuin 6 in cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1207133. [PMID: 37497437 PMCID: PMC10366693 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1207133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are severe diseases posing threat to human health because of their high morbidity and mortality worldwide. The incidence of diabetes mellitus is also increasing rapidly. Various signaling molecules are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Sirtuin 6 (Sirt6), which is a class III histone deacetylase, has attracted numerous attentions since its discovery. Sirt6 enjoys a unique structure, important biological functions, and is involved in multiple cellular processes such as stress response, mitochondrial biogenesis, transcription, insulin resistance, inflammatory response, chromatin silencing, and apoptosis. Sirt6 also plays significant roles in regulating several cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, as well as cardiac remodeling, bringing Sirt6 into the focus of clinical interests. In this review, we examine the recent advances in understanding the mechanistic working through which Sirt6 alters the course of lethal cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus.
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Paula Ceballos M, Darío Quiroga A, Palma NF. Role of sirtuins in hepatocellular carcinoma progression and multidrug resistance: Mechanistical and pharmacological perspectives. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 212:115573. [PMID: 37127248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of death from cancer worldwide. Therapeutic strategies are still challenging due to the high relapse rate after surgery and multidrug resistance (MDR). It is essential to better understand the mechanisms for HCC progression and MDR for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Mammalian sirtuins (SIRTs), a family of seven members, are related to tumor progression, MDR and prognosis and were proposed as potential prognostic markers, as well as therapeutic targets for treating cancer. SIRT1 is the most studied member and is overexpressed in HCC, playing an oncogenic role and predicting poor prognosis. Several manuscripts describe the role of SIRTs2-7 in HCC; most of them report an oncogenic role for SIRT2 and -7 and a suppressive role for SIRT3 and -4. The scenario is more confusing for SIRT5 and -6, since information is contradictory and scarce. For SIRT1 many inhibitors are available and they seem to hold therapeutic promise in HCC. For the other members the development of specific modulators has just started. This review is aimed to describe the features of SIRTs1-7 in HCC, and the role they play in the onset and progression of the disease. Also, when possible, we will depict the information related to the SIRTs modulators that have been tested in HCC and their possible implication in MDR. With this, we hope to clarify the role of each member in HCC and to shed some light on the most successful strategies to overcome MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Paula Ceballos
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, CONICET, UNR, Suipacha 70 (S2002LRL), Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Ariel Darío Quiroga
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, CONICET, UNR, Suipacha 70 (S2002LRL), Rosario, Argentina; Área Morfología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, UNR, Suipachs 570 (S2002LRL), Rosario, Argentina; Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud (CAECIHS) Sede Regional Rosario, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Av. Pellegrini 1618 (S2000BUG), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Francisco Palma
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, CONICET, UNR, Suipacha 70 (S2002LRL), Rosario, Argentina; Área Morfología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, UNR, Suipachs 570 (S2002LRL), Rosario, Argentina
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Bae EJ, Park BH. Multiple Roles of Sirtuin 6 in Adipose Tissue Inflammation. Diabetes Metab J 2023; 47:164-172. [PMID: 36631993 PMCID: PMC10040615 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2022.0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) inflammation is strongly associated with obesity-induced insulin resistance. When subjected to metabolic stress, adipocytes become inflamed and secrete a plethora of cytokines and chemokines, which recruit circulating immune cells to AT. Although sirtuin 6 (Sirt6) is known to control genomic stabilization, aging, and cellular metabolism, it is now understood to also play a pivotal role in the regulation of AT inflammation. Sirt6 protein levels are reduced in the AT of obese humans and animals and increased by weight loss. In this review, we summarize the potential mechanism of AT inflammation caused by impaired action of Sirt6 from the immune cells' point of view. We first describe the properties and functions of immune cells in obese AT, with an emphasis on discrete macrophage subpopulations which are central to AT inflammation. We then highlight data that links Sirt6 to functional phenotypes of AT inflammation. Importantly, we discuss in detail the effects of Sirt6 deficiency in adipocytes, macrophages, and eosinophils on insulin resistance or AT browning. In our closing perspectives, we discuss emerging issues in this field that require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ju Bae
- School of Pharmacy, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
- Corresponding authors: Eun Ju Bae https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1693-8290 School of Pharmacy, Chonbuk National University, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54907, Korea E-mail:
| | - Byung-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
- Byung-Hyun Park https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3768-4285 Department of Biochemistry and Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54907, Korea E-mail:
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Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an essential role in remodeling aging adipose tissue. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 200:111598. [PMID: 34762939 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by several physiological changes in the human body, such as the remodeling/redistribution of body fat, highlighted by the increase in fat in the abdominal region due to reduced fat in the peripheral limbs. Abdominal fat is related to metabolic complications and an increased risk for developing diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Understanding this process is crucial for developing new therapeutic strategies able to mitigate its impact. This redistribution of fat has been associated with lower activation of brown adipose tissue over the years of life. Brown adipose tissue differs from white adipose tissue, mainly because it produces heat, increasing energy expenditure. Current evidence points to morphological and functional changes in mitochondria during aging, a key mechanism for understanding the dysmetabolic and pro-inflammatory phenotype associated with senescence. Therefore, this minireview will focus on how aging-induced mitochondrial changes are involved in the remodeling/redistribution of body fat.
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