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Al Saihati HA, Badr OA, Dessouky AA, Mostafa O, Samir Farid A, Aborayah NH, Abdullah Aljasir M, Baioumy B, Mahmoud Taha N, El-Sherbiny M, Hamed Al-Serwi R, Ramadan MM, Salim RF, Shaheen D, E M Ali F, Ebrahim N. Exploring the cytoprotective role of mesenchymal stem Cell-Derived exosomes in chronic liver Fibrosis: Insights into the Nrf2/Keap1/p62 signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 141:112934. [PMID: 39178516 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a common pathology present in most chronic liver diseases. Autophagy is a lysosome-mediated intracellular catabolic and recycling process that plays an essential role in maintaining normal hepatic functions. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor responsible for the regulation of cellular anti-oxidative stress response. This study was designed to assess the cytoprotective effect of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-exos) on endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in Carbon Tetrachloride (CCL4) induced liver fibrosis. Rats were treated with 0.1 ml of CCL4 twice weekly for 8 weeks, followed by administration of a single dose of MSC-exos. Rats were then sacrificed after 4 weeks, and liver samples were collected for gene expression analyses, Western blot, histological studies, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy. Our results showed that MSC-exos administration decreased collagen deposition, apoptosis, and inflammation. Exosomes modulate the Nrf2/Keap1/p62 pathway, restoring autophagy and Nrf2 levels through modulation of the non-canonical pathway of Nrf2/Keap1/p62. Additionally, MSC-exos regulated miR-153-3p, miR-27a, miR-144 and miRNA-34a expression. In conclusion, the present study shed light on MSC-exos as a cytoprotective agent against EMT and tumorigenesis in chronic liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajir A Al Saihati
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Albatin, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Omnia A Badr
- Department of Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt.
| | - Arigue A Dessouky
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Ola Mostafa
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.
| | - Ayman Samir Farid
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Qalyubia, Egypt.
| | - Nashwa H Aborayah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt, Department of Pharmacology, Mutah University, Mutah 61710, Jordan.
| | - Mohammad Abdullah Aljasir
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Bodour Baioumy
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.
| | | | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.
| | - Rasha Hamed Al-Serwi
- Department of Basic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mahmoud M Ramadan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah City, United Arab Emirates; Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura City, Egypt.
| | - Rabab F Salim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha Universit, Egypt.
| | - Dalia Shaheen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Fares E M Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nesrine Ebrahim
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Stem Cell Unit, Egypt.
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Nady ME, El-Raouf OMA, El-Sayed ESM. Linagliptin ameliorates tacrolimus-induced renal injury: role of Nrf2/HO-1 and HIF-1α/CTGF/PAI-1. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:608. [PMID: 38704766 PMCID: PMC11070395 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09533-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tacrolimus (TAC) is a frequently used immunosuppressive medication in organ transplantation. However, its nephrotoxic impact limits its long-term usage. This study aims to investigate the effect of linagliptin (Lina) on TAC-induced renal injury and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-two Sprague Dawley rats were treated with TAC (1.5 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously) and/or Lina (5 mg/kg/day, orally) for 4 weeks. Histological examination was conducted, and serum and urinary biomarkers were measured to assess kidney function and integrity. Furthermore, ELISA, Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical assay were employed to determine signaling molecules of oxidative stress, profibrogenic, hypoxic, and apoptotic proteins. Tacrolimus caused renal dysfunction and histological deterioration evidenced by increased serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urinary cystatin C, and decreased serum albumin as well as elevated tubular injury and interstitial fibrosis scores. Additionally, TAC significantly increased the expression of collagen type-1, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) renal content. Moreover, TAC decreased the expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2). In addition, TAC increased protein expression of hypoxia-inducible factor1-alpha (HIF-1α), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), as well as nitric oxide (NO), 4-hydroxynonenal, caspase-3 and Bax renal contents. Furthermore, TAC decreased Bcl-2 renal contents. The Lina administration markedly attenuated these alterations. CONCLUSION Lina ameliorated TAC-induced kidney injury through modulation of oxidative stress, hypoxia, and apoptosis related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E Nady
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ola M Abd El-Raouf
- Pharmacology Department, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), formerly known as National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), 6 Abou Hazem St., Pyramids Ave, Giza, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed M El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Yao J, Peng T, Shao C, Liu Y, Lin H, Liu Y. The Antioxidant Action of Astragali radix: Its Active Components and Molecular Basis. Molecules 2024; 29:1691. [PMID: 38675511 PMCID: PMC11052376 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Astragali radix is a traditional medicinal herb with a long history and wide application. It is frequently used in prescriptions with other medicinal materials to replenish Qi. According to the classics of traditional Chinese medicine, Astragali radix is attributed with properties such as Qi replenishing and surface solidifying, sore healing and muscle generating, and inducing diuresis to reduce edema. Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that some extracts and active ingredients in Astragali radix function as antioxidants. The polysaccharides, saponins, and flavonoids in Astragali radix offer beneficial effects in preventing and controlling diseases caused by oxidative stress. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive research on the effective components and molecular mechanisms through which Astragali radix exerts antioxidant activity. In this paper, we review the active components with antioxidant effects in Astragali radix; summarize the content, bioavailability, and antioxidant mechanisms; and offer a reference for the clinical application of Astragalus and the future development of novel antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730101, China; (T.P.); (C.S.); (H.L.)
| | - Ting Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730101, China; (T.P.); (C.S.); (H.L.)
| | - Changxin Shao
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730101, China; (T.P.); (C.S.); (H.L.)
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730013, China;
| | - Huanhuan Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730101, China; (T.P.); (C.S.); (H.L.)
| | - Yongqi Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730013, China;
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Wang Q, Xu J, Li M, Chen Y, Xu Y, Li L, Gong Y, Yang Y. Nrf2 knockout attenuates the astragaloside IV therapeutic effect on kidney fibrosis from liver cancer by regulating pSmad3C/3L pathways. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:1687-1700. [PMID: 37712971 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02711-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Fibrotic kidney injury from hepatocarcinogenesis seriously impacts treatment effect. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), an extract of Astragalus membranaceus, has several pharmacological activities, which are useful in the treatment of edema and fibrosis. Nrf2/HO-1 is a key antioxidant stress pathway and help treatment of kidney injury. Smad3 phosphorylation is implicated in hepatocarcinogenesis. Our previous study clarified that Smad3 is differentially regulated by different phosphorylated forms of Smad3 on hepatocarcinogenesis. Therefore, we investigated the contribution of AS-IV on the therapy of kidney fibrosis from hepatocarcinogenesis. And the focus was on whether the phosphorylation of Smad3 and the regulation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway were involved during AS-IV therapy and whether there is an effect of Nrf2 knockout on the phosphorylation of Smad3. We performed TGF-β1 stimulation on HK-2 cells and intervened with AS-IV. Furtherly, we investigated renal injury of AS-IV on Nrf2 knockout mice during hepatocarcinogenesis and its mechanism of action. On the one hand, in vitro results showed that AS-IV reduced the ROS and α-SMA expression of HK-2 by promoting the expression pSmad3C/p21 of and Nrf2/HO-1 and suppressed the expression of pSmad3L/PAI-1. On the other hand, the in vivo results of histopathological features, serological biomarkers, and oxidative damage indicators showed that Nrf2 knockout aggravated renal injury. Besides, Nrf2 deletion decreased the nephroprotective effect of AS-IV by suppressing the pSmad3C/p21 pathway and promoting the pSmad3L/PAI-1 pathway. The experimental results were as we suspected. And we identify for the first time that Nrf2 deficiency increases renal fibrosis from hepatocarcinogenesis and attenuates the therapeutic effects of AS-IV via regulating pSmad3C/3L signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jiacheng Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yongfang Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China.
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Ding Y, Liu S, Zhang M, Su M, Shao B. Suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by astragaloside IV via promotion of mitophagy to ameliorate radiation-induced renal injury in mice. Transl Androl Urol 2024; 13:25-41. [PMID: 38404552 PMCID: PMC10891390 DOI: 10.21037/tau-23-323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Irradiation (IR) promotes inflammation and apoptosis by inducing oxidative stress and/or mitochondrial dysfunction (MD). The kidneys are rich in mitochondria, and mitophagy maintains normal renal function by eliminating damaged mitochondria and minimizing oxidative stress. However, whether astragaloside IV (AS-IV) can play a protective role through the mitophagy pathway is not known. Methods We constructed a radiation injury model using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, blood biochemical analysis, immunohistochemistry, TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, ultrastructural observation, and Western blot analysis to elucidate the AS-IV resistance mechanism for IR-induced renal injury. Results IR induced mitochondrial damage; the increase of creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and uric acid (UA); and the activation of NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain-associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and apoptosis in renal tissue. AS-IV administration attenuated the IR-induced MD and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the kidney; enhanced the levels of mitophagy-associated protein [PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)], parkin proteins, and microtubule-associated protein 1 light 3 (LC3) II/I ratio in renal tissues; diminished NLRP3 inflammasome activation-mediated proteins [cleaved cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-1 (caspase-1), interleukin-1β (IL-1β)] and apoptosis-related proteins [cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, BCL2-associated X (Bax)]; reduced SCr, BUN, and UA levels; and attenuated the histopathological alterations in renal tissue. Conversely, mitophagy inhibitor cyclosporin A (CsA) suppressed the AS-IV-mediated protection of renal tissue. Conclusions AS-IV can strongly diminish the activation and apoptosis of NLRP3 inflammasome, thus attenuating the renal injury induced by radiation by promoting the PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy. These findings suggest that AS-IV is a promising drug for treating IR-induced kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Ding
- School of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuning Liu
- School of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mengqing Zhang
- School of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Meile Su
- School of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baoping Shao
- School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Song L, Zhang W, Tang SY, Luo SM, Xiong PY, Liu JY, Hu HC, Chen YQ, Jia B, Yan QH, Tang SQ, Huang W. Natural products in traditional Chinese medicine: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets of renal fibrosis and state-of-the-art drug delivery systems. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116039. [PMID: 38157643 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis (RF) is the end stage of several chronic kidney diseases. Its series of changes include excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal tubular cells, fibroblast activation, immune cell infiltration, and renal cell apoptosis. RF can eventually lead to renal dysfunction or even renal failure. A large body of evidence suggests that natural products in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have great potential for treating RF. In this article, we first describe the recent advances in RF treatment by several natural products and clarify their mechanisms of action. They can ameliorate the RF disease phenotype, which includes apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and EMT, by affecting relevant signaling pathways and molecular targets, thereby delaying or reversing fibrosis. We also present the roles of nanodrug delivery systems, which have been explored to address the drawback of low oral bioavailability of natural products. This may provide new ideas for using natural products for RF treatment. Finally, we provide new insights into the clinical prospects of herbal natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Song
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shi-Yun Tang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610032, China
| | - Si-Min Luo
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Pei-Yu Xiong
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jun-Yu Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Heng-Chang Hu
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ying-Qi Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Bo Jia
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Qian-Hua Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China.
| | - Song-Qi Tang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Zhang M, Liu W, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Hu Y, Sun D, Li S, Fang J. Astragaloside IV Inhibited Podocyte Pyroptosis in Diabetic Kidney Disease by Regulating SIRT6/HIF-1α Axis. DNA Cell Biol 2023; 42:594-607. [PMID: 37751175 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2023.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of astragaloside IV (AS) on podocytes pyroptosis in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal group (n = 10) and model group (n = 30). Rats in model group were intraperitoneally injected streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) for 3 days to induce DKD. Then rats were divided into DKD group, AS group, and UBCS group. The AS group was given 40 mg/kg/d of AS by gavage, and UBCS group was given 50 mg/kg/d of UBCS039 by gavage, and normal group and DKD group were given the same amount saline for 8 weeks, once a day. Hematoxylin-eosin and masson staining were used to observe pathology of kidney. Rat podocytes were divided into normal group, mannitol hypertonic group, high-glucose group, UBCS group, OSS group, and AS group. Western blotting, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry were used to analyze pyroptosis-related markers and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Results showed that AS inhibited ROS and alleviated podocytes pyroptosis in rats by increasing expression of sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) and decreasing expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF-1α). UBCS039 and AS enhanced SIRT6 level, decreased HIF-1α level, and finally improved pyroptosis of podocytes in vitro, whereas OSS-128167 showed the opposite effect for podocytes pyroptosis. AS improved podocytes pyroptosis in DKD by regulating SIRT6/HIF-1α pathway, thereby alleviating injury of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Baogang Hospital, Baotou, China
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | | | | | | | - Yaling Hu
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Dalin Sun
- Inner Mongolia Baogang Hospital, Baotou, China
| | - Sufen Li
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Jin L, Shen N, Wen X, Wang W, Lim SW, Yang CW. CTLA4-Ig protects tacrolimus-induced oxidative stress via inhibiting the AKT/FOXO3 signaling pathway in rats. Korean J Intern Med 2023; 38:393-405. [PMID: 37157174 PMCID: PMC10175874 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2022.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Although the conversion from tacrolimus (TAC) to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4-immunoglobulin (CTLA4-Ig) is effective in reducing TAC-induced nephrotoxicity, it remains unclear whether CTLA4-Ig has a direct effect on TAC-induced renal injury. In this study, we evaluated the effects of CTLA4-Ig on TAC-induced renal injury in terms of oxidative stress. METHODS In vitro study was performed to assess the effect of CTLA4-Ig on TAC-induced cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis, and the protein kinase B (AKT)/forkhead transcription factor (FOXO) 3 pathway in human kidney 2 cells. In the in vivo study, the effect of CTLA4-Ig on TAC-induced renal injury was evaluated using renal function, histopathology, markers of oxidative stress (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine) and metabolites (4-hydroxy-2-hexenal, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione reductase), and activation of the AKT/FOXO3 pathway with insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). RESULTS CTLA4-Ig significantly decreased cell death, ROS, and apoptosis caused by TAC. TAC treatment increased apoptotic cell death and apoptosis-related proteins (increased Bcl-2-associated X protein and caspase-3 and decreased Bcl-2), but it was reversed by CTLA4-Ig treatment. The activation of p-AKT and p-FOXO3 by TAC decreased with CTLA4-Ig treatment. TAC-induced renal dysfunction and oxidative marker levels were significantly improved by CTLA4-Ig in vivo. Concomitant IGF-1 treatment abolished the effects of CTLA4-Ig. CONCLUSION CTLA4-Ig has a direct protective effect on TAC-induced renal injury via the inhibition of AKT/FOXO3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Jin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Nephrology, Air Force Medical Center,Air Force Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Shen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xinyu Wen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Sun Woo Lim
- Transplant Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul Woo Yang
- Transplant Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Song SS, Wang RY, Li ZH, Yang Y, Wang TT, Qing LS, Luo P. Role of simulated in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on biotransformation and bioactivity of astragalosides from Radix Astragali. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 231:115414. [PMID: 37141677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Radix Astragali (RA) is commonly used in Asian herbal therapy or food supply, and astragalosides and flavonoids are its major components with diverse pharmaceutical effects. To provide new information on the potential cardiovascular benefits of RA administered orally, the bioaccessibility of these compounds with relevant in vitro digestion parameters was determined for four digestion phases (oral, gastric, small and large intestines) by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS). Meanwhile, we compared the effects of digestion products on advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in a human arterial endothelial cells (HAECs) model, and studied the potential of RA against oxidative stress-related cardiovascular disease. The changes of saponins and flavonoids composition and antioxidant activity after digestion in intestines were mainly due to the astragaloside IV (AS-IV) biosynthesis involving saponins acetyl isomerization and deacetylation, and the flavonoid glycosides converted to aglycone by deglycosylation processes. All these results suggest that acetyl biotransformation of RA in small intestine directly influenced the response to oxidative stress, and might provide a reference for elucidation of the multi-component action after oral RA in cardiovascular health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Song
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macau
| | - Run-Yue Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhan-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macau
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macau
| | - Tian-Tian Wang
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macau; Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lin-Sen Qing
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Pei Luo
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macau.
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Astragaloside IV mitigates cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury via inhibition of P62/Keap1/Nrf2 pathway-mediated ferroptosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 944:175516. [PMID: 36758783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a critical component of ischaemic stroke pathogenesis. Ferroptosis contributes to and aggravates CIRI, whereas the P62/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway exerts neuroprotective effects. Astragaloside IV (AST IV) is the primary active ingredient of Astragalus, an herb with anti-CIRI properties used in traditional Chinese medicine. However, the mechanism of its anti-CIRI action is unclear. This study examined the mechanisms underlying the anti-CIRI action of AST IV using a combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches. We established an erastin-induced ferroptosis model, oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced model in SH-SY5Y cells, and middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion (MCAO/R) model using Sprague-Dawley rats. The extent of cell damage and brain damage in rats, ferroptosis indicator changes, and expression of P62, Keap1, and Nrf2 were investigated. AST IV inhibited erastin-induced ferroptosis, attenuated OGD/R-induced cell damage, and ameliorated sensorimotor dysfunction and injury in the MCAO/R model. Further, AST IV promoted Nrf2 activation, inhibited ferroptosis, and reduced cell damage. Notably, these effects were inhibited by ML385, an Nrf2 inhibitor. AST IV increased the P62 and Nrf2 levels and decreased the Keap1 levels. P62 silencing reduced the effects of AST IV on the P62/Keap1/Nrf2 pathway and ferroptosis. Our findings suggest that AST IV mitigates CIRI by inhibiting ferroptosis via activation of the P62/Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. This study provides an important scientific basis and direction for the application and research of AST IV and provides new potential targets and ideas for the study of the pathological mechanism of CIRI.
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Huang J, Liang Y, Zhou L. Natural products for kidney disease treatment: Focus on targeting mitochondrial dysfunction. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1142001. [PMID: 37007023 PMCID: PMC10050361 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1142001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The patients with kidney diseases are increasing rapidly all over the world. With the rich abundance of mitochondria, kidney is an organ with a high consumption of energy. Hence, renal failure is highly correlated with the breakup of mitochondrial homeostasis. However, the potential drugs targeting mitochondrial dysfunction are still in mystery. The natural products have the superiorities to explore the potential drugs regulating energy metabolism. However, their roles in targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in kidney diseases have not been extensively reviewed. Herein, we reviewed a series of natural products targeting mitochondrial oxidative stress, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, and mitochondrial dynamics. We found lots of them with great medicinal values in kidney disease. Our review provides a wide prospect for seeking the effective drugs targeting kidney diseases.
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Oyagbemi AA, Ajibade TO, Esan OO, Adetona MO, Obisesan AD, Adeogun AV, Awoyomi OV, Badejo JA, Adedapo ADA, Omobowale TO, Olaleye OI, Ola-Davies OE, Saba AB, Adedapo AA, Nkadimeng SM, McGaw LJ, Kayoka-Kabongo PN, Yakubu MA, Nwulia E, Oguntibeju OO. Naringin abrogates angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity and podocin signalling pathway in cobalt chloride-induced nephrotoxicity and hypertension. Biomarkers 2023; 28:206-216. [PMID: 36480283 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2157489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe persistent and alarming rates of increase in cardiovascular and renal diseases caused by chemicals such as cobalt chloride (CoCl2) in mammalian tissues have led to the use of various drugs for the treatment of these diseases. This study aims at evaluating the nephron-protective action of Naringin (NAR), a metal-chelating antioxidant against CoCl2-induced hypertension and nephrotoxicity.MethodsForty-two male Wistar rats were randomly distributed to seven rats of six groups and classified into Group A (Control), Group B (300 part per million; ppm CoCl2), Group C (300 ppm CoCl2 + 80 mg/kg NAR), Group D (300 ppm CoCl2 + 160 mg/kg NAR), Group E (80 mg/kg NAR), and Group F (160 mg/kg NAR). NAR and CoCl2 were administered via oral gavage for seven days. Biomarkers of renal damage, oxidative stress, antioxidant status, blood pressure parameters, immunohistochemistry of renal angiotensin-converting enzyme and podocin were determined.ResultsCobalt chloride intoxication precipitated hypertension, renal damage, and oxidative stress. Immunohistochemistry revealed higher expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and podocin in rats administered only CoCl2.ConclusionTaken together, the antioxidant and metal-chelating action of Naringin administration against cobalt chloride-induced renal damage and hypertension could be through abrogation of angiotensin-converting enzyme and podocin signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Temitayo Olabisi Ajibade
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseun Olanrewaju Esan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Moses Olusola Adetona
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ayobami Deborah Obisesan
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adewumi Victoria Adeogun
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Joseph Ayotunde Badejo
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Aduragbenro Deborah A Adedapo
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Temidayo Olutayo Omobowale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olayinka Israel Olaleye
- Department of Pathology, Histopathology Laboratory, University College Hospital, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olufunke Eunice Ola-Davies
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adebowale Benard Saba
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adeolu Alex Adedapo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Sanah Malomile Nkadimeng
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa Florida Campus, Florida, South Africa
| | - Lyndy Joy McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Prudence Ngalula Kayoka-Kabongo
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | - Momoh Audu Yakubu
- Department of Environmental & Interdisciplinary Sciences, College of Science, Engineering & Technology, COPHS, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Evaristus Nwulia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Howard University Hospital, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
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Cao R, Li Y, Hu X, Qiu Y, Li S, Xie Y, Xu C, Lu C, Chen G, Yang J. Glycyrrhizic acid improves tacrolimus-induced renal injury by regulating autophagy. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22749. [PMID: 36688808 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201409rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Tacrolimus (TAC)-induced renal injury is detrimental to long-term kidney function, but a treatment medication is not available. Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is an active ingredient in licorice widely used to treat kidney disease. Thus, this study explored the mechanisms of renoprotection by GA on TAC-induced renal injury. C57BL/6 mice were subjected daily to TAC or a combination of TAC and GA for 4 weeks, and then renal function, histopathology, and autophagy were assessed to examine the effect of GA on a renal injury. Next, Human kidney proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells were pretreated with GA for 2 h and then treated with TAC for 24 h. The effect of GA on TAC-induced HK-2 cell injury was assessed by measuring cell viability, apoptosis, autophagy, and lysosomes. Mice exposed to TAC and treated with GA had significantly greater improvements in renal function and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in comparison to mice not treated with GA. In addition, fibrosis-related protein expression, including α-smooth muscle actin and fibronectin, decreased after GA treatment. GA treatment also relieved autophagic clearance in TAC-induced renal injury. Several in vitro studies found that TAC inhibited cell viability, autophagy, lysosomal acidification, and promoted apoptosis. However, these results were less pronounced with GA pretreatment. In addition, bafilomycin A1 (which inhibits lysosomal function) reduced the protective effect of GA, indicating that lysosomal function plays an important role in this effect. Our data suggest that GA improves lysosomal function and regulates autophagy to protect against TAC-induced renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cao
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Wuhan, China
| | - Yakun Li
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Wuhan, China
- Kidney Diseases Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofan Hu
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanglin Li
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Wuhan, China
- Department of General Surgery, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanan Xie
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong Xu
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenqi Lu
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Wuhan, China
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Gui T, Chen Q, Li J, Lu K, Li C, Xu B, Chen Y, Men J, Kullak-Ublick GA, Wang W, Gai Z. Astragaloside IV alleviates 1-deoxysphinganine-induced mitochondrial dysfunction during the progression of chronic kidney disease through p62-Nrf2 antioxidant pathway. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1092475. [PMID: 37033627 PMCID: PMC10079923 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1092475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can lead to significant elevation of 1-deoxysphingolipids (1-deoxySL). The increase of 1-deoxySL in turn can result in mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress, which can cause further progression of CKD. Methods: This study assessed the therapeutic effect of Astragaloside IV (AST) against 1-deoxySL-induced cytotoxicity in vitro and in rats with CKD. HK-2 cells were exposed to 1-deoxysphinganine (doxSA) or doxSA + AST. doxSA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress were evaluated by immunostaining, real-time PCR, oxidative stress sensor, and transmission electron microscopy. The potential effects of AST on kidney damage were evaluated in a rat 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx) model of CKD. Results: The findings of in vitro experiments showed that doxSA induced mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. AST markedly reduced the level of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, lowered apoptosis, and improved mitochondrial function. In addition, exposure to AST significantly induced the phosphorylation of p62 and the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 as well as its downstream anti-oxidant genes. p62 knock-down fully abolished Nrf2 nuclear translocation in cells after AST treatment. However, p62 knock-down did not affect TBHQ-induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation, indicating that AST can ameliorate doxSA-induced oxidative stress through modulation of p62 phosphorylation and Nrf2 nuclear translocation. Conclusion: The findings indicate that AST can activate Nrf2 antioxidant pathway in a p62 dependent manner. The anti-oxidative stress effect and the further mitochondrial protective effect of AST represent a promising therapeutic strategy for the progression of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gui
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qingfa Chen
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, China
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Liaocheng University/Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Jiangsong Li
- Department of Urology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Ke Lu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chen Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Xu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jingwen Men
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Gerd A. Kullak-Ublick
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Mechanistic Safety, CMO and Patient Safety, Global Drug Development, Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Zhibo Gai, ; Weihua Wang, ; Gerd A. Kullak-Ublick,
| | - Weihua Wang
- The Central Laboratory, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, China
- *Correspondence: Zhibo Gai, ; Weihua Wang, ; Gerd A. Kullak-Ublick,
| | - Zhibo Gai
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhibo Gai, ; Weihua Wang, ; Gerd A. Kullak-Ublick,
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Neoxanthin alleviates the chronic renal failure-induced aging and fibrosis by regulating inflammatory process. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109429. [PMID: 36459921 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Chronic renal failure (CRF) refers to progressive renal damage caused by chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Dialysis therapy and kidney transplantation are the important treatment for CRF. However, due to the limitation of conditions, they cannot be widely utilized. At present, the treatment of renal failure is a worldwide problem in clinic. Therefore, in the current study, we investigated the potential therapeutic effects of neoxanthin on CFR-caused aging and fibrosis. In this work, the effects of neoxanthin on CRF were studied using experimental techniques such as biochemistry, immunohistochemistry and molecular biology. In vitro, neoxanthin alleviated the aging and oxidative damage of kidney cells. In vivo, we found that Neoxanthin could alleviate adenine-induced CRF. Neoxanthin also inhibited CRF-caused renal aging, fibrosis, oxidative stress and inflammation. These findings indicate that neoxanthin could delay the progression of CRF and alleviate CRF-induced aging and fibrosis. Collectively, we found that neoxanthin shows good potential to inhibit CRF-caused kidney aging and fibrosis, suggesting that neoxanthin may be used as a drug (or a functional food) for the treatment of CRF-related diseases.
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Zhao ZX, Tang XH, Jiang SL, Pang JQ, Xu YB, Yuan DD, Zhang LL, Liu HM, Fan Q. Astragaloside IV improves the pharmacokinetics of febuxostat in rats with hyperuricemic nephropathy by regulating urea metabolism in gut microbiota. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1031509. [PMID: 36605404 PMCID: PMC9807765 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1031509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN) is a common clinical complication of hyperuricemia. The pathogenesis of HN is directly related to urea metabolism in the gut microbiota. Febuxostat, a potent xanthine oxidase inhibitor, is the first-line drug used for the treatment of hyperuricemia. However, there have been few studies on the pharmacokinetics of febuxostat in HN animal models or in patients. In this study, a high-purine diet-induced HN rat model was established. The pharmacokinetics of febuxostat in HN rats was evaluated using LC-MS/MS. Astragaloside IV (AST) was used to correct the abnormal pharmacokinetics of febuxostat. Gut microbiota diversity analysis was used to evaluate the effect of AST on gut microbiota. The results showed that the delayed elimination of febuxostat caused drug accumulation after multiple administrations. Oral but not i. p. AST improved the pharmacokinetics of febuxostat in HN rats. The mechanistic study showed that AST could regulate urea metabolism in faeces and attenuate urea-ammonia liver-intestine circulation. Urease-related genera, including Eubacterium, Parabacteroides, Ruminococcus, and Clostridia, decreased after AST prevention. In addition, the decrease in pathogenic genera and increase in short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) producing genera also contribute to renal function recovery. In summary, AST improved the pharmacokinetics of febuxostat in HN rats by comprehensive regulation of the gut microbiota, including urea metabolism, anti-calcification, and short-chain fatty acid generation. These results imply that febuxostat might accumulate in HN patients, and AST could reverse the accumulation through gut microbiota regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xiong Zhao
- Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Hui Tang
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Sheng Lu Jiang
- Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia Qian Pang
- Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Bin Xu
- Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan Dan Yuan
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Ling Zhang
- Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Min Liu
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qing Fan
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Qing Fan,
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Zhu Y, Chai Y, Xiao G, Liu Y, Xie X, Xiao W, Zhou P, Ma W, Zhang C, Li L. Astragalus and its formulas as a therapeutic option for fibrotic diseases: Pharmacology and mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1040350. [PMID: 36408254 PMCID: PMC9669388 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1040350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is the abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix, characterized by accumulation of collagen and other extracellular matrix components, which causes organ dysfunction and even death. Despite advances in understanding fibrosis pathology and clinical management, there is no treatment for fibrosis that can prevent or reverse it, existing treatment options may lead to diarrhea, nausea, bleeding, anorexia, and liver toxicity. Thus, effective drugs are needed for fibrotic diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine has played a vital role in fibrotic diseases, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that Astragalus (Astragalus mongholicus Bunge) can attenuate multiple fibrotic diseases, which include liver fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, peritoneal fibrosis, renal fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis, and so on, mechanisms may be related to inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), reactive oxygen species (ROS), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)/Smads, apoptosis, inflammation pathways. The purpose of this review was to summarize the pharmacology and mechanisms of Astragalus in treating fibrotic diseases, the data reviewed demonstrates that Astragalus is a promising anti-fibrotic drug, its main anti-fibrotic components are Calycosin, Astragaloside IV, Astragalus polysaccharides and formononetin. We also review formulas that contain Astragalus with anti-fibrotic effects, in which Astragalus and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Astragalus and Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels are the most commonly used combinations. We propose that combining active components into new formulations may be a promising way to develop new drugs for fibrosis. Besides, we expect Astragalus to be accepted as a clinically effective method of treating fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yilu Chai
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guojin Xiao
- Nursing Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yufei Liu
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohong Xie
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuantao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Liuying Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Heart Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zigong First People’s Hospital, Zigong, China
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Wang X, Jiang S, Fei L, Dong F, Xie L, Qiu X, Lei Y, Guo J, Zhong M, Ren X, Yang Y, Zhao L, Zhang G, Wang H, Tang C, Yu L, Liu R, Patzak A, Persson PB, Hultström M, Wei Q, Lai EY, Zheng Z. Tacrolimus Causes Hypertension by Increasing Vascular Contractility via RhoA (Ras Homolog Family Member A)/ROCK (Rho-Associated Protein Kinase) Pathway in Mice. Hypertension 2022; 79:2228-2238. [PMID: 35938417 PMCID: PMC9993086 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To provide tacrolimus is first-line treatment after liver and kidney transplantation. However, hypertension and nephrotoxicity are common tacrolimus side effects that limit its use. Although tacrolimus-related hypertension is well known, the underlying mechanisms are not. Here, we test whether tacrolimus-induced hypertension involves the RhoA (Ras homolog family member A)/ROCK (Rho-associated protein kinase) pathway in male C57Bl/6 mice. METHODS Intra-arterial blood pressure was measured under anesthesia. The reactivity of renal afferent arterioles and mesenteric arteries were assessed in vitro using microperfusion and wire myography, respectively. RESULTS Tacrolimus induced a transient rise in systolic arterial pressure that was blocked by the RhoA/ROCK inhibitor Fasudil (12.0±0.9 versus 3.2±0.7; P<0.001). Moreover, tacrolimus reduced the glomerular filtration rate, which was also prevented by Fasudil (187±20 versus 281±8.5; P<0.001). Interestingly, tacrolimus enhanced the sensitivity of afferent arterioles and mesenteric arteries to Ang II (angiotensin II), likely due to increased intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and sensitization. Fasudil prevented increased Ang II-sensitivity and blocked Ca2+ mobilization and sensitization. Preincubation of mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle cells with tacrolimus activated the RhoA/ROCK/MYPT-1 (myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1) pathway. Further, tacrolimus increased cytoplasmic reactive oxygen species generation in afferent arterioles (107±5.9 versus 163±6.4; P<0.001) and in cultured mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (100±7.5 versus 160±23.2; P<0.01). Finally, the reactive oxygen species scavenger Tempol inhibited tacrolimus-induced Ang II hypersensitivity in afferent arterioles and mesenteric arteries. CONCLUSIONS The RhoA/ROCK pathway may play an important role in tacrolimus-induced hypertension by enhancing Ang II-specific vasoconstriction, and reactive oxygen species may participate in this process by activating the RhoA/ROCK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China (X.W., S.J., L.F., Y.L., M.Z., C.T., E.Y.L., Z.Z.)
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China (X.W., S.J., L.F., Y.L., M.Z., C.T., E.Y.L., Z.Z.)
| | - Lingyan Fei
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China (X.W., S.J., L.F., Y.L., M.Z., C.T., E.Y.L., Z.Z.)
| | - Fang Dong
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (F.D., X.Q., J.G., H.W., E.Y.L.)
| | - Lanyu Xie
- College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, China (L.X.)
| | - Xingyu Qiu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (F.D., X.Q., J.G., H.W., E.Y.L.)
| | - Yan Lei
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China (X.W., S.J., L.F., Y.L., M.Z., C.T., E.Y.L., Z.Z.)
| | - Jie Guo
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (F.D., X.Q., J.G., H.W., E.Y.L.)
| | - Ming Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China (X.W., S.J., L.F., Y.L., M.Z., C.T., E.Y.L., Z.Z.)
| | - Xiaoqiu Ren
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (X.R., Q.W.)
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China (Y.Y.)
| | - Liang Zhao
- The Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (L.Z., G.Z.)
| | - Gensheng Zhang
- The Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (L.Z., G.Z.)
| | - Honghong Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (F.D., X.Q., J.G., H.W., E.Y.L.)
| | - Chun Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China (X.W., S.J., L.F., Y.L., M.Z., C.T., E.Y.L., Z.Z.)
| | - Luyang Yu
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (L.Y.)
| | - Ruisheng Liu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (R.L.)
| | - Andreas Patzak
- Institute of Translational Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (A.P., P.B.P., E.Y.L.)
| | - Pontus B Persson
- Institute of Translational Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (A.P., P.B.P., E.Y.L.)
| | - Michael Hultström
- Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Sweden (M.H.).,Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden (M.H.)
| | - Qichun Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (X.R., Q.W.)
| | - En Yin Lai
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China (X.W., S.J., L.F., Y.L., M.Z., C.T., E.Y.L., Z.Z.).,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (F.D., X.Q., J.G., H.W., E.Y.L.).,Institute of Translational Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (A.P., P.B.P., E.Y.L.)
| | - Zhihua Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China (X.W., S.J., L.F., Y.L., M.Z., C.T., E.Y.L., Z.Z.)
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Li Y, Wang J, Huang D, Yu C. Baicalin Alleviates Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Through ROS/NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD Pathway-Mediated Proptosis in vitro. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:3353-3364. [PMID: 36196145 PMCID: PMC9527036 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s379629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effect of baicalin on the reactive oxygen species (ROS)/ NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)/Caspase-1/gasdermin-D (GSDMD) inflammasome pathway and its related mechanism in regulating pyroptosis of human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) induced by contrast media. Methods Iohexol was used to act on HK-2 cells to establish a renal tubular cell pyroptosis model; and the signal pathway genes were silenced, cytokines were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and cell viability, gene expression, and protein expression were evaluated by double fluorescence staining and flow cytometry. To assess the cytotoxicity caused by the contrast agent; cells were pretreated with different concentrations of baicalin; and then the cells were exposed to iohexol again, and the relevant indicators were tested again. Results After HK-2 cells were exposed to iohexol, the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway markers NLRP3, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-18 mRNA levels as well as the protein expression levels of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, and GSDMD were up-regulated. In addition, the effect also significantly increased the IL-18, IL-1β, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) release, and cellular ROS levels. The results of Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry showed that the level of apoptosis was increased. However, after the intervention of baicalin, the changes in the above indexes caused by iohexol stimulation of HK-2 cells were inhibited. Conclusion Exposure to iohexol can induce pyroptosis of HK-2 cells through the ROS/NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway. Baicalin ameliorated iohexol-induced pyroptosis in HK-2 cells by regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junda Wang
- Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Huang
- Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Chao Yu, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 23-68485589, Fax +86 23-68486294, Email
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20
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Zhou Z, Qiao Y, Zhao Y, Chen X, Li J, Zhang H, Lan Q, Yang B. Natural products: potential drugs for the treatment of renal fibrosis. Chin Med 2022; 17:98. [PMID: 35978370 PMCID: PMC9386947 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00646-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing prevalence and mortality, chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a world public health problem. As the primary pathological manifestation in CKD, renal fibrosis is often used as a critical target for the treatment of CKD and inhibits the progression of CKD to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). As a potential drug, natural products have been confirmed to have the potential as a routine or supplementary therapy for chronic kidney disease, which may target renal fibrosis and act through various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation of natural products. This article briefly introduces the pathological mechanism of renal fibrosis and systematically summarizes the latest research on the treatment of renal fibrosis with natural products of Chinese herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanheng Qiao
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanru Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hanqing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiumei Lan
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
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21
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The Therapeutic Potential of Carnosine as an Antidote against Drug-Induced Cardiotoxicity and Neurotoxicity: Focus on Nrf2 Pathway. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144452. [PMID: 35889325 PMCID: PMC9324774 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Different drug classes such as antineoplastic drugs (anthracyclines, cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, taxanes, tyrosine kinase inhibitors), antiretroviral drugs, antipsychotic, and immunosuppressant drugs are known to induce cardiotoxic and neurotoxic effects. Recent studies have demonstrated that the impairment of the nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway is a primary event in the pathophysiology of drug-induced cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity. The Nrf2 pathway regulates the expression of different genes whose products are involved in antioxidant and inflammatory responses and the detoxification of toxic species. Cardiotoxic drugs, such as the anthracycline doxorubicin, or neurotoxic drugs, such as paclitaxel, suppress or impair the Nrf2 pathway, whereas the rescue of this pathway counteracts both the oxidative stress and inflammation that are related to drug-induced cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Therefore Nrf2 represents a novel pharmacological target to develop new antidotes in the field of clinical toxicology. Interestingly, carnosine (β-alanyl-l-histidine), an endogenous dipeptide that is characterized by strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties is able to rescue/activate the Nrf2 pathway, as demonstrated by different preclinical studies and preliminary clinical evidence. Starting from these new data, in the present review, we examined the evidence on the therapeutic potential of carnosine as an endogenous antidote that is able to rescue the Nrf2 pathway and then counteract drug-induced cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity.
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22
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He J, Wang M, Yang L, Xin H, Bian F, Jiang G, Zhang X. Astragaloside IV Alleviates Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction via the AKT-GSK3β-β-Catenin Pathway in Peritoneal Dialysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:873150. [PMID: 35571132 PMCID: PMC9091173 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.873150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) causes intestinal dysfunction, including constipation, diarrhea, or enteric peritonitis. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of these complications are still unclear and there are no specific drugs available in the clinic. This study aims to determine whether Astragaloside IV (AS IV) has therapeutic value on PD-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in vivo and in vitro. Methods: We established two different long-term PD treatment mice models by intraperitoneally injecting 4.25% dextrose-containing peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) in uremia mice and normal mice, which were served as controls. In addition, PDF was applied to T84 cells in vitro. The therapeutic effects of AS IV on PD-induced intestinal dysfunction were then examined by histopathological staining, transmission electron microscopy, western blotting, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The protein levels of protein kinase B (AKT), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) and β-catenin were examined after administration of AS IV. Results: In the present study, AS IV maintained the intestinal crypt, microvilli and desmosome structures in an orderly arrangement and improved intestinal epithelial permeability with the up-regulation of tight junction proteins in vivo. Furthermore, AS IV protected T84 cells from PD-induced damage by improving cell viability, promoting wound healing, and increasing the expression of tight junction proteins. Additionally, AS IV treatment significantly increased the levels of phosphorylation of AKT, inhibited the activity GSK-3β, and ultimately resulted in the nuclear translocation and accumulation of β-catenin. Conclusion: These findings provide novel insight into the AS IV-mediated protection of the intestinal epithelial barrier from damage via the AKT-GSK3β-β-catenin signal axis during peritoneal dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengling Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Licai Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Xin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Bian
- Department of Nephrology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gengru Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xuemei Zhang, ; Gengru Jiang,
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xuemei Zhang, ; Gengru Jiang,
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23
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Astragaloside IV Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury through NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Pyroptosis Inhibition via Activating Nrf2. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2021:9925561. [PMID: 35003524 PMCID: PMC8739174 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9925561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As one of the fundamental components of Astragalus membranaceus, astragaloside IV (AST IV) exerts protective effects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been conclusively elucidated. To do so, here, we report on the regulatory effects of Nrf2 on NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. CIRI was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion (MCAO/R) in Sprague Dawley rats and modeled by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in SH-SY5Y cells. Cerebral infarct volume and neurological deficit score served as indices to evaluate MCAO/R injury. In addition, the CCK-8 assay was used to assess cell viability, the LDH leakage rate was used as a quantitative index, and propidium iodide (PI) staining was used to visualize cells after OGD/R injury. The NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway, which produces the pores in the cell membrane that are central to the pyroptosis process, was assessed to investigate pyroptosis. Nrf2 activation was assessed by detecting Nrf2 protein levels and immunofluorescence analysis. We show that after MCAO/R of rats, the infarct volume and neurological deficit score of rats were strongly increased, and after OGD/R of cell cultures, cell viability was strongly decreased, and the LDH leakage rate and the proportion of PI-positive cells were strongly increased. In turn, MCAO/R and OGD/R enhanced the protein levels of NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1β, GSDMD, and GSDMD-N. Moreover, Nrf2 protein levels increased, and Nrf2 translocation was promoted after CIRI. Interestingly, AST IV (i) reduced the cerebral infarct volume and the neurological deficit score in vivo and (ii) increased the cell viability and reduced the LDH leakage rate and the proportion of PI-positive cells in vitro. AST IV reduced the protein levels of NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1β, GSDMD, and GSDMD-N, inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. AST IV also increased the protein levels of Nrf2 and promoted the transfer of Nrf2 to the nucleus, accelerating Nrf2 activation. Particularly revealing was that the Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 partly blocked the above effects of AST IV. Taken together, these results demonstrate that AST IV alleviates CIRI through inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis via activating Nrf2.
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Up-regulation of Nrf2/P62/Keap1 involves in the anti-fibrotic effect of combination of monoammonium glycyrrhizinate and cysteine hydrochloride induced by CCl 4. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 913:174628. [PMID: 34774851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Combination of monoammonium glycyrrhizinate and cysteine hydrochloride (MG-CH) has been used in the treatment of chronic liver disease for decades, however, its mechanism is still unclear. Our previous studies showed that MG-CH confers the optimal therapeutic effect at the ratio of 2:1 to against acute liver damage. In this study, it was used to investigate the anti-fibrotic effect induced by CCl4. The results showed that injection of MG-CH produced anti-fibrotic effect ranged from 30 mg/kg to 60 mg/kg, evidenced by decreased the collagens deposition and inhibited the production of hydroxyproline. Mechanism study found that Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway was activated by MG-CH, whereas loss of hepatocytic Nrf2 abolished its anti-fibrotic effect significantly. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that MG-CH is a non-canonical NRF2 inducer, which promoted the autophagy activity and release the Nrf2 from keap 1 by promoting the phosphorylation of p62 at Ser351. Knockdown of p62 abolished the enhancement of nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 by MG-CH. All of these results suggested that up-regulation of Nrf2/P62/Keap1 involves in the anti-fibrotic effect of MG-CH, which provide a rational explanation for the usage of MG-CH in the treatment of fibrosis.
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25
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Li S, Sun X, Bi L, Tong Y, Liu X. Research Progress on Natural Product Ingredients' Therapeutic Effects on Parkinson's Disease by Regulating Autophagy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:5538200. [PMID: 33981351 PMCID: PMC8088354 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5538200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease in middle-aged and older adults. Abnormal proteins such as α-synuclein are essential factors in PD's pathogenesis. Autophagy is the main participant in the clearance of abnormal proteins. The overactive or low function of autophagy leads to autophagy stress. Not only is it difficult to clear abnormal proteins but also it can cause damage to neurons. In this article, the effects of natural products ingredients, such as salidroside, paeoniflorin, curcumin, resveratrol, corynoxine, and baicalein, on regulating autophagy and protecting neurons were discussed in detail to provide a reference for the research and development of drugs for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Bi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yujia Tong
- Institute of Medical Information, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
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