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Lin CH, Lin MH, Chung YK, Alalaiwe A, Hung CF, Fang JY. Exploring the potential of the nano-based sunscreens and antioxidants for preventing and treating skin photoaging. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 347:140702. [PMID: 37979799 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Excessive exposure to sunlight, especially UV irradiation, causes skin photodamage. Sunscreens, such as TiO2 and ZnO, can potentially prevent UV via scattering, reflection, and absorption. Topical antioxidants are another means of skin photoprotection. Developing nanoparticles for sunscreens and antioxidants is recommended for photoaging prevention and treatment as it can improve uncomfortable skin appearance, stability, penetration, and safety. This study reviewed the effects of nano-sized sunscreens and antioxidants on skin photoprevention by examining published studies and articles from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, which explore the topics of skin photoaging, skin senescence, UV radiation, keratinocyte, dermal fibroblast, sunscreen, antioxidant, and nanoparticle. The researchers of this study also summarized the nano-based UV filters and therapeutics for mitigating skin photoaging. The skin photodamage mechanisms are presented, followed by the introduction of current skin photoaging treatment. The different nanoparticle types used for topical delivery were also explored in this study. This is followed by the mechanisms of how nanoparticles improve the UV filters and antioxidant performance. Lastly, recent investigations were reviewed on nanoparticulate sunscreens and antioxidants in skin photoaging management. Sunscreens and antioxidants for topical application have different concepts. Topical antioxidants are ideal for permeating into the skin to exhibit free radical scavenging activity, while UV filters are prescribed to remain on the skin surface without absorption to exert the UV-blocking effect without causing toxicity. The nanoparticle design strategy for meeting the different needs of sunscreens and antioxidants is also explored in this study. Although the benefits of using nanoparticles for alleviating photodamage are well-established, more animal-based and clinical studies are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hung Lin
- Center for General Education, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kuo Chung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ahmed Alalaiwe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chi-Feng Hung
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; PhD Program in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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2
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Zhou DP, Deng LC, Feng X, Xu HJ, Tian Y, Yang WW, Zeng PP, Zou LH, Yan XH, Zhu XY, Shu DH, Guo Q, Huang XY, Bellusci S, Lou Z, Li XK, Zhang JS. FGF10 mitigates doxorubicin-induced myocardial toxicity in mice via activation of FGFR2b/PHLDA1/AKT axis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:2004-2018. [PMID: 37225844 PMCID: PMC10545682 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01101-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin is a common chemotherapeutic agent in clinic, but myocardial toxicity limits its use. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 10, a multifunctional paracrine growth factor, plays diverse roles in embryonic and postnatal heart development as well as in cardiac regeneration and repair. In this study we investigated the role of FGF10 as a potential modulator of doxorubicin-induced cardiac cytotoxicity and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Fgf10+/- mice and an inducible dominant negative FGFR2b transgenic mouse model (Rosa26rtTA; tet(O)sFgfr2b) were used to determine the effect of Fgf10 hypomorph or blocking of endogenous FGFR2b ligands activity on doxorubicin-induced myocardial injury. Acute myocardial injury was induced by a single injection of doxorubicin (25 mg/kg, i.p.). Then cardiac function was evaluated using echocardiography, and DNA damage, oxidative stress and apoptosis in cardiac tissue were assessed. We showed that doxorubicin treatment markedly decreased the expression of FGFR2b ligands including FGF10 in cardiac tissue of wild type mice, whereas Fgf10+/- mice exhibited a greater degree of oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis as compared with the Fgf10+/+ control. Pre-treatment with recombinant FGF10 protein significantly attenuated doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis both in doxorubicin-treated mice and in doxorubicin-treated HL-1 cells and NRCMs. We demonstrated that FGF10 protected against doxorubicin-induced myocardial toxicity via activation of FGFR2/Pleckstrin homology-like domain family A member 1 (PHLDA1)/Akt axis. Overall, our results unveil a potent protective effect of FGF10 against doxorubicin-induced myocardial injury and identify FGFR2b/PHLDA1/Akt axis as a potential therapeutic target for patients receiving doxorubicin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Pu Zhou
- Medical Research Center and the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Lian-Cheng Deng
- Medical Research Center and the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xiao Feng
- International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Hui-Jing Xu
- International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Ye Tian
- International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Wei-Wei Yang
- International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Ping-Ping Zeng
- International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Li-Hui Zou
- International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xi-Hua Yan
- International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xia-Yan Zhu
- Medical Research Center and the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Dan-Hua Shu
- Medical Research Center and the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Huang
- Medical Research Center and the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute and Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Zhenkun Lou
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Xiao-Kun Li
- International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| | - Jin-San Zhang
- Medical Research Center and the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
- International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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3
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Biernacki M, Conde T, Stasiewicz A, Surażyński A, Domingues MR, Domingues P, Skrzydlewska E. Restorative Effect of Microalgae Nannochloropsis oceanica Lipid Extract on Phospholipid Metabolism in Keratinocytes Exposed to UVB Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14323. [PMID: 37762626 PMCID: PMC10532178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation induces oxidative stress in skin cells, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and perturbing enzyme-mediated metabolism. This disruption is evidenced with elevated concentrations of metabolites that play important roles in the modulation of redox homeostasis and inflammatory responses. Thus, this research sought to determine the impacts of the lipid extract derived from the Nannochloropsis oceanica microalgae on phospholipid metabolic processes in keratinocytes subjected to UVB exposure. UVB-irradiated keratinocytes were treated with the microalgae extract. Subsequently, analyses were performed on cell lysates to ascertain the levels of phospholipid/free fatty acids (GC-FID), lipid peroxidation byproducts (GC-MS), and endocannabinoids/eicosanoids (LC-MS), as well as to measure the enzymatic activities linked with phospholipid metabolism, receptor expression, and total antioxidant status (spectrophotometric methods). The extract from N. oceanica microalgae, by diminishing the activities of enzymes involved in the synthesis of endocannabinoids and eicosanoids (PLA2/COX1/2/LOX), augmented the concentrations of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), namely DHA and EPA. These concentrations are typically diminished due to UVB irradiation. As a consequence, there was a marked reduction in the levels of pro-inflammatory arachidonic acid (AA) and associated pro-inflammatory eicosanoids and endocannabinoids, as well as the expression of CB1/TRPV1 receptors. The microalgal extract also mitigated the increase in lipid peroxidation byproducts, specifically MDA in non-irradiated samples and 10-F4t-NeuroP in both control and post-UVB exposure. These findings indicate that the lipid extract derived from N. oceanica, by mitigating the deleterious impacts of UVB radiation on keratinocyte phospholipids, assumed a pivotal role in reinstating intracellular metabolic equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Biernacki
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-069 Bialystok, Poland; (M.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Tiago Conde
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.C.); (M.R.D.); (P.D.)
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Anna Stasiewicz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-069 Bialystok, Poland; (M.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Arkadiusz Surażyński
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-069 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Maria Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.C.); (M.R.D.); (P.D.)
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.C.); (M.R.D.); (P.D.)
| | - Elżbieta Skrzydlewska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-069 Bialystok, Poland; (M.B.); (A.S.)
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Chong ZX, Yong CY, Ong AHK, Yeap SK, Ho WY. Deciphering the roles of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in regulating carcinogenesis. Toxicology 2023; 495:153596. [PMID: 37480978 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-dependent receptor that belongs to the superfamily of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors. The activation of the canonical AHR signaling pathway is known to induce the expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes, facilitating the detoxification metabolism in the human body. Additionally, AHR could interact with various signaling pathways such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), nuclear factor ekappa B (NF-κβ), estrogen receptor (ER), and androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathways. Over the past 30 years, several studies have reported that various chemical, physical, or biological agents, such as tobacco, hydrocarbon compounds, industrial and agricultural chemical wastes, drugs, UV, viruses, and other toxins, could affect AHR expression or activity, promoting cancer development. Thus, it is valuable to overview how these factors regulate AHR-mediated carcinogenesis. Current findings have reported that many compounds could act as AHR ligands to drive the expressions of AHR-target genes, such as CYP1A1, CYP1B1, MMPs, and AXL, and other targets that exert a pro-proliferation or anti-apoptotic effect, like XIAP. Furthermore, some other physical and chemical agents, such as UV and 3-methylcholanthrene, could promote AHR signaling activities, increasing the signaling activities of a few oncogenic pathways, such as the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathways. Understanding how various factors regulate AHR-mediated carcinogenesis processes helps clinicians and scientists plan personalized therapeutic strategies to improve anti-cancer treatment efficacy. As many studies that have reported the roles of AHR in regulating carcinogenesis are preclinical or observational clinical studies that did not explore the detailed mechanisms of how different chemical, physical, or biological agents promote AHR-mediated carcinogenesis processes, future studies should focus on conducting large-scale and functional studies to unravel the underlying mechanism of how AHR interacts with different factors in regulating carcinogenesis processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xiong Chong
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chean Yeah Yong
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Alan Han Kiat Ong
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Wan Yong Ho
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Urzì O, Cafora M, Ganji NR, Tinnirello V, Gasparro R, Raccosta S, Manno M, Corsale AM, Conigliaro A, Pistocchi A, Raimondo S, Alessandro R. Lemon-derived nanovesicles achieve antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects activating the AhR/Nrf2 signaling pathway. iScience 2023; 26:107041. [PMID: 37426343 PMCID: PMC10329147 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) from different plant matrices have been isolated and gained the interest of the scientific community for their intriguing biological properties. In this study, we isolated and characterized nanovesicles from lemon juice (LNVs) and evaluated their antioxidant effects. We tested LNV antioxidant activity using human dermal fibroblasts that were pre-treated with LNVs for 24 h and then stimulated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and UVB irradiation. We found that LNV pre-treatment reduced ROS levels in fibroblasts stimulated with H2O2 and UVB. This reduction was associated with the activation of the AhR/Nrf2 signaling pathway, whose protein expression and nuclear localization was increased in fibroblasts treated with LNVs. By using zebrafish embryos as in vivo model, we confirmed the antioxidant effects of LNVs. We found that LNVs reduced ROS levels and neutrophil migration in zebrafish embryos stimulated with LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Urzì
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata (Bi.N.D), sezione di Biologia e Genetica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Cafora
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20090 Milano, Italy
| | - Nima Rabienezhad Ganji
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata (Bi.N.D), sezione di Biologia e Genetica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenza Tinnirello
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata (Bi.N.D), sezione di Biologia e Genetica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberta Gasparro
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata (Bi.N.D), sezione di Biologia e Genetica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Samuele Raccosta
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mauro Manno
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Corsale
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), AOUP Paolo Giaccone, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alice Conigliaro
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata (Bi.N.D), sezione di Biologia e Genetica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Pistocchi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20090 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata (Bi.N.D), sezione di Biologia e Genetica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata (Bi.N.D), sezione di Biologia e Genetica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l’Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 90146 Palermo, Italy
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Huang W, Rui K, Wang X, Peng N, Zhou W, Shi X, Lu L, Hu D, Tian J. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor in immune regulation and autoimmune pathogenesis. J Autoimmun 2023; 138:103049. [PMID: 37229809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
As a ligand-activated transcription factor, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is activated by structurally diverse ligands derived from the environment, diet, microorganisms, and metabolic activity. Recent studies have demonstrated that AhR plays a key role in modulating both innate and adaptive immune responses. Moreover, AhR regulates innate immune and lymphoid cell differentiation and function, which is involved in autoimmune pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the mechanism of activation of AhR and its mediated functional regulation in various innate immune and lymphoid cell populations, as well as the immune-regulatory effect of AhR in the development of autoimmune diseases. In addition, we highlight the identification of AhR agonists and antagonists that may serve as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ke Rui
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Na Peng
- Department of Rheumatology and Nephrology, The Second People's Hospital, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaofei Shi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital and School of Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Liwei Lu
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, China
| | - Dajun Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Nephrology, The Second People's Hospital, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.
| | - Jie Tian
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
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Kim YS, Lee HJ, Handoko GA, Kim J, Won M, Park JH, Ahn J. High-level production of keratinocyte growth factor 2 in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2023; 204:106229. [PMID: 36641112 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2022.106229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor 2 (KGF-2), also known as repifermin, is used in various therapeutic applications. However, KGF-2 production has not been optimized for facilitating large-scale production. Therefore, we attempted to attain high-level production of bioactive KGF-2. KGF-2 was fused with 6HFh8 (6HFh8-KGF-2) at the tobacco etch virus protease cleavage site. The 6HFh8-KGF-2 was expressed in Escherichia coli with high expression levels of approximately 33% and 20% of soluble protein in flask culture and 5 L fermentation, respectively. 6HFh8-KGF-2 was purified via nickel affinity chromatography. To maintain a stable form of KGF-2, the conditions of the cleavage reaction were optimized based on the isoelectric point. KGF-2 was purified via ion-exchange chromatography to high purity (>99%) with an optimal purification yield (91%). Circular dichroism spectroscopy demonstrated that purified KGF-2 had a secondary structure and thermal stability similar to that of commercial KGF-2. Bioactivity assays indicated that purified KGF-2 could induce MCF-7 cell proliferation in the same manner as commercial KGF-2. These results demonstrate that bioactive KGF-2 was overexpressed in E. coli and purified to high quality. Our findings indicated that bioactive KGF-2 can be produced in large quantities in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Su Kim
- Biotechnology Process Engineering Center, KRIBB, Cheongju, 20736, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jeong Lee
- Biotechnology Process Engineering Center, KRIBB, Cheongju, 20736, Republic of Korea
| | - Gabriella Aphrodita Handoko
- Biotechnology Process Engineering Center, KRIBB, Cheongju, 20736, Republic of Korea; Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jaehui Kim
- Biotechnology Process Engineering Center, KRIBB, Cheongju, 20736, Republic of Korea; Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Minho Won
- Biotechnology Process Engineering Center, KRIBB, Cheongju, 20736, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Ho Park
- Bio-Evaluation Center, KRIBB, Cheongju, 20736, Republic of Korea; Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea.
| | - Jungoh Ahn
- Biotechnology Process Engineering Center, KRIBB, Cheongju, 20736, Republic of Korea; Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea.
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Enhancement of Human Epidermal Cell Defense against UVB Damage by Fermentation of Passiflora edulis Sims Peel with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030501. [PMID: 36771204 PMCID: PMC9921891 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The processing of Passiflora edulis Sims results in large amounts of wasted peel resources and environmental pollution. In order to improve the utilisation of natural plant resources and economic benefits, this study uses Saccharomyces cerevisiae to ferment Passiflora edulis Sims peel to obtain Passiflora edulis Sims peel fermentation broth (PF). The content of active substances in unfermented Passiflora edulis Sims peel water extract (PW) and PF is then determined, as well as their in vitro antioxidant capacity. The protective effects of PF and PW on UVB-induced skin inflammation and skin barrier damage in human immortalised epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells (including cell viability, ROS, HO-1, NQO1, IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, KLK-7, FLG, AQP3 and Caspase 14 levels) are investigated. Studies have shown that PF enhances the content of active substances more effectively compared to PW, showing a superior ability to scavenge free radical scavenging and antioxidants. PW and PF can effectively scavenge excess intracellular ROS, reduce the cellular secretion of pro-inflammatory factors, regulate the content of skin barrier-related proteins and possibly respond to UVB-induced cell damage by inhibiting the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway. Studies have shown that both PW and PF are safe and non-irritating, with PF exploiting the efficacy of Passiflora edulis Sims peel more significantly, providing a superior process for the utilisation of Passiflora edulis Sims waste. At the same time, PF can be developed and used as a functional protective agent against ultraviolet damage to the skin, thereby increasing the value of the use of Passiflora edulis Sims waste.
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Lim HS, Simon SE, Yow YY, Saidur R, Tan KO. Photoprotective activities of Lignosus rhinocerus in UV-irradiated human keratinocytes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 299:115621. [PMID: 35987413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lignosus rhinocerus, also known as Tiger Milk Mushroom has been used traditionally to treat a variety of human conditions, including asthma, diabetes, respiratory disease, skin allergy, and food poisoning. The reported activities of Lignosus rhinocerus extracts include anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-asthmatic, anti-microbial, anti-cancer, neuroprotection, and immune modulation effects. However, its effect on human skin is not well documented, including human skin exposed to ultraviolet light (UV). Exposure to UV can trigger various cellular responses, including inflammation, oxidative stress, DNA damage, cell death, and cellular aging. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aims to investigate the effects of methanolic extract prepared from cultured Lignosus rhinocerus (herein referred to as TM02 and its methanol extract as TM02-ME) on UV-irradiated human keratinocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Powdered stock of TM02 was dissolved and sequentially extracted with different solvents to prepare the extracts and the methanol extract was subsequently characterized based on its bio-activities on HaCaT human keratinocytes. The keratinocytes were pre-treated with the methanol extract followed by UV-irradiation. Cellular responses of the HaCaT cells such as cell viability, DNA damage, as well as gene and protein expressions that were responsive to the treatments, were characterized by using bio-assays, including reverse-transcription based PCR, Western blot, cell viability, and mitochondrial Cytochrome C release assays. RESULTS TM02-ME protected HaCaT cells from UV-induced DNA damage and cell death in a dose-dependent manner. Pre-treatment of HaCaT cells with TM02-ME led to a 39% reduction of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) and up-regulated the gene expression of REV1 and SPINK5 in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells when compared to the control. In addition, TM-02-ME treated HaCaT cells increased the expression of BCL-XL and BCL-2 proteins which coincided with the down-regulation of mitochondrial Cyt. C release in the UV-B irradiated HaCaT cells. The results were further supported by data that showed the stable clones of HaCaT cells stably expressed BCL-XL were resistant to UVB-induced cell death. CONCLUSIONS __The results showed that TM02-ME confers photoprotective activities to UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells, leading to a reduction in DNA damage and cell death as well as up-regulated the expression of REV1 and SPINK5 which are involved in DNA repair and skin barrier function, respectively. The up-regulation of pro-survival members of the BCL-2 family by TM02-ME confers protection against UVB-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sin Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No.5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Samson Eugin Simon
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No.5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Yoon-Yen Yow
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No.5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - R Saidur
- Research Centre for Nano-materials and Energy Technology (RCNMET), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No.5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kuan Onn Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No.5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Guo K, Liu R, Jing R, Wang L, Li X, Zhang K, Fu M, Ye J, Hu Z, Zhao W, Xu N. Cryptotanshinone protects skin cells from ultraviolet radiation-induced photoaging via its antioxidant effect and by reducing mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibiting apoptosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1036013. [PMID: 36386220 PMCID: PMC9640529 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1036013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrity of skin tissue structure and function plays an important role in maintaining skin rejuvenation. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the main environmental factor that causes skin aging through photodamage of the skin tissue. Cryptotanshinone (CTS), an active ingredient mianly derived from the Salvia plants of Lamiaceae, has many pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tumor effects. In this study, we showed that CTS could ameliorate the photodamage induced by UV radiation in epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT) and dermal fibroblasts (HFF-1) when applied to the cells before exposure to the radiation, effectively delaying the aging of the cells. CTS exerted its antiaging effect by reducing the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells, attenuating DNA damage, activating the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, and reduced mitochondrial dysfunction as well as inhibiting apoptosis. Further, CTS could promote mitochondrial biosynthesis in skin cells by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/sirtuin-1 (SIRT1)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator-1α (PGC-1α) signaling pathway. These findings demonstrated the protective effects of CTS against UV radiation-induced skin photoaging and provided a theoretical and experimental basis for the application of CTS as an anti-photodamage and anti-aging agent for the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Guo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Run Liu
- Zhiyuan College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongrong Jing
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lusheng Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuenan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaini Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengli Fu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiabin Ye
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhenlin Hu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wengang Zhao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wengang Zhao, ; Nuo Xu,
| | - Nuo Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wengang Zhao, ; Nuo Xu,
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Xiaojie W, Banda J, Qi H, Chang AK, Bwalya C, Chao L, Li X. Scarless wound healing: Current insights from the perspectives of TGF-β, KGF-1, and KGF-2. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2022; 66:26-37. [PMID: 35690568 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The process of wound healing involves a complex and vast interplay of growth factors and cytokines that coordinate the recruitment and interaction of various cell types. A series of events involving inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling eventually leads to the restoration of the damaged tissue. Abrogation in the regulation of these events has been shown to result in excessive scarring or non-healing wounds. While the process of wound healing is not fully elucidated, it has been documented that the early events of wound healing play a key role in the outcome of the wound. Furthermore, high levels of inflammation have been shown to lead to scarring. The regulation of these events may result in scarless wound healing, especially in adults. The inhibition of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and the administration of keratinocyte growth factors (KGF), KGF-1 and KGF-2, has in recent years yielded positive results in the acceleration of wound closure and reduced scarring. Here, we encapsulate recent knowledge on the roles of TGF-β, KGF1, and KGF2 in wound healing and scar formation and highlight the areas that need further investigation. We also discuss potential future directions for the use of growth factors in wound management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hui Qi
- Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | | | | | - Lu Chao
- Wenzhou Medical University, China
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12
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He H, Xiong L, Jian L, Li L, Wu Y, Qiao S. Role of mitochondria on UV-induced skin damage and molecular mechanisms of active chemical compounds targeting mitochondria. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 232:112464. [PMID: 35597147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the principal place of energy metabolism and ROS production, leading to mtDNA being especially sensitive to the impacts of oxidative stress. Our review aims to elucidate and update the mechanisms of mitochondria in UV-induced skin damage. The mitochondrial deteriorative response to UV manifests morphological and functional alterations, including mitochondrial fusion and fission, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial energy metabolism and mitophagy. Additionally, we conclude the effect and molecular mechanisms of active chemical components to protect skin from UV-induced damage via mitochondrial protection which have been described in the last five years, showing prospective prospects in cosmetics as new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailun He
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University and Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - Lidan Xiong
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Cosmetic, Chengdu, China
| | - Linge Jian
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangman Li
- Orthopedics Department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University and Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China.
| | - Shuai Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University and Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China.
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13
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Wang YJ, Chang CC, Lu ME, Wu YH, Shen JW, Chiang HM, Lin BS. Photoaging and Sequential Function Reversal with Cellular-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography in a Nude Mice Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137009. [PMID: 35806013 PMCID: PMC9266384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although nude mice are an ideal photoaging research model, skin biopsies result in inflammation and are rarely performed at baseline. Meanwhile, studies on antiphotoaging antioxidants or rejuvenation techniques often neglect the spontaneous reversal capacity. Full-field optical coherence tomography (FFOCT) can acquire cellular details noninvasively. This study aimed to establish a photoaging and sequential function reversal nude mice model assisted by an in vivo cellular resolution FFOCT system. We investigated whether a picosecond alexandrite laser (PAL) with a diffractive lens array (DLA) accelerated the reversal. In the sequential noninvasive assessment using FFOCT, a spectrophotometer, and DermaLab Combo®, the photodamage percentage recovery plot demonstrated the spontaneous recovery capacity of the affected skin by UVB-induced transepidermal water loss and UVA-induced epidermis thickening. A PAL with DLA not only accelerated skin barrier regeneration with epidermal polarity, but also increased dermal neocollagenesis, whereas the nonlasered group still had >60% collagen intensity loss and 40% erythema from photodamage. Our study demonstrated that FFOCT images accurately resemble the living tissue. The photoaging and sequential function reversal model provides a reference to assess the spontaneous recovery capacity of nude mice from photodamage. This model can be utilized to evaluate the sequential noninvasive photodamage and reversal effects after other interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Jen Wang
- Department of Dermatology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; (Y.-J.W.); (Y.-H.W.)
- Department of Cosmetic Applications and Management, MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Cheng Chang
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 40433, Taiwan; (M.-E.L.); (J.-W.S.); (H.-M.C.)
- Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Tainan 71150, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404332, Taiwan
- Aesthetic Medical Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-04-22052121 (ext. 2020 or 2021) or +886-975365540; Fax: +886-04-22031270
| | - Meng-En Lu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 40433, Taiwan; (M.-E.L.); (J.-W.S.); (H.-M.C.)
| | - Yu-Hung Wu
- Department of Dermatology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; (Y.-J.W.); (Y.-H.W.)
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Wei Shen
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 40433, Taiwan; (M.-E.L.); (J.-W.S.); (H.-M.C.)
| | - Hsiu-Mei Chiang
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 40433, Taiwan; (M.-E.L.); (J.-W.S.); (H.-M.C.)
| | - Bor-Shyh Lin
- Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Tainan 71150, Taiwan;
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Vogeley C, Rolfes KM, Krutmann J, Haarmann-Stemmann T. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in the Pathogenesis of Environmentally-Induced Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Skin. Front Oncol 2022; 12:841721. [PMID: 35311158 PMCID: PMC8927079 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.841721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is one of the most frequent malignancies in humans and academia as well as public authorities expect a further increase of its incidence in the next years. The major risk factor for the development of SCC of the general population is the repeated and unprotected exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Another important risk factor, in particular with regards to occupational settings, is the chronic exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) which are formed during incomplete combustion of organic material and thus can be found in coal tar, creosote, bitumen and related working materials. Importantly, both exposomal factors unleash their carcinogenic potential, at least to some extent, by activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). The AHR is a ligand-dependent transcription factor and key regulator in xenobiotic metabolism and immunity. The AHR is expressed in all cutaneous cell-types investigated so far and maintains skin integrity. We and others have reported that in response to a chronic exposure to environmental stressors, in particular UV radiation and PAHs, an activation of AHR and downstream signaling pathways critically contributes to the development of SCC. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about AHR's role in skin carcinogenesis and focus on its impact on defense mechanisms, such as DNA repair, apoptosis and anti-tumor immune responses. In addition, we discuss the possible consequences of a simultaneous exposure to different AHR-stimulating environmental factors for the development of cutaneous SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Vogeley
- IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina M Rolfes
- IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jean Krutmann
- IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
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15
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Wang X, Gao Y, Sun X. Effect of Taspine hydrochloride on the repair of rat skin wounds by regulating keratinocyte growth factor signal. Bioengineered 2021; 13:789-799. [PMID: 34898359 PMCID: PMC8805989 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2012920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the regulation of keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) in the process of repairing rat skin wounds by taspine hydrochloride (TA/HCl), 45 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were purchased and divided into an experimental group, a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) control group, and a basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) control group, each with 15 only. A back trauma model was innovatively adopted to prevent rats from biting and contaminating. The wound healing time and healing rate of the rat, and the Hydroxyproline (Hyp) and KGF expressions were observed. Morphological changes of wound tissue and the number of capillaries were observed after hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The results showed that wound healing rate of experimental group and bFGF group was significantly higher than that of DMSO group (P < 0.05) after 2–15 days, and wound healing time of experimental group was 18 days, which was significantly lower than that of the DMSO group (P < 0.05). Expression levels of Hyp and KGF in the granulation tissue of rats in the experimental group were much higher than those in the DMSO control group after trauma (P < 0.05). In early stage of wound tissue repair, the number of new capillaries formed in experimental group was significantly higher than that in DMSO control group (P < 0.05). In summary, this study innovatively focused on KGF. The mechanism of TA/HCL promoting rat skin wound healing was closely related to KGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Plastic & Cosmetic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaochen Sun
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Lixia District of Jinan, Jinan, China
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